DDC Enterprise Reports Record Revenue and Positive Adjusted EBITDA for Fiscal Year 2025

- Core consumer food business demonstrated continued operating improvement and margin expansion

- Launched Bitcoin treasury strategy and reached 2,383 BTC as of April 21, 2026

DDC Enterprise Limited (NYSEAMERICAN: DDC) ("DDC" or the "Company"), a global Asian food platform and digital asset treasury company, released its unaudited financial results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025. The Company's results reflect continued progress in its core consumer food business, alongside the initial build-out of its Bitcoin treasury strategy.

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DDC Enterprise Reports Record Revenue and Positive Adjusted EBITDA for Fiscal Year 2025

Fiscal Year 2025 Financial Highlights

Management Commentary

"2025 was an important step forward for DDC," said Norma Chu, Founder, Chairwoman and CEO of DDC.

"We delivered record revenue and achieved positive Adjusted EBITDA, reflecting continued improvement in the operating efficiency and margin profile of our core consumer food business. This advancement is supported by expansion in our offline distribution channels and deeper penetration into lower-tier cities.

"At the same time, we made a deliberate decision to invest in building our Bitcoin treasury strategy, and today, we rank among the top 30 publicly traded corporate holders of Bitcoin globally, representing approximately $182 million value based on current market prices.

"While these investments impacted reported profitability in the second half, they reflect our focus on building a disciplined capital allocation framework designed to create value over time."

Ms. Chu continued, "As we move into 2026, we remain focused on growing our core business while maintaining discipline around our cost structure and continuing to execute our Bitcoin strategy in a measured and strategic manner. We are also investing in the AI infrastructure that supports how we manage our treasury, with the goal of improving consistency, transparency, and long-term capital allocation."

Fiscal Year 2025 Financial Summary

All amounts compared to fiscal year 2024 unless otherwise noted

• Total revenue of US$39.2 million was up 4.6% year-over-year, reflecting the strategic exit from loss-making U.S. operations. In China, our core market, revenue grew 9.8% year-over-year, driven by expansion in offline distribution channels, including increased penetration into lower-tier cities and stronger regional distributor partnerships, resulting in higher sales volume.
• Gross profit of US$12.3 million was up 15.8% year-over-year, driven by supply chain optimization, improved procurement efficiency, and favorable raw material costs.
• Operating expenses of US$47.6 million was up 61.5% year-over-year primarily driven by non-cash share-based compensation and investments related to the Company's Bitcoin treasury strategy, including capital markets activity, advisory, and infrastructure buildout.
• Positive Adjusted EBITDA of US$0.4 compared to an adjusted LBITDA of $3.5 million marks the first positive adjusted EBITDA reporting full year period for the Company.
• Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were US$21.7 million as of December 31, 2025.
• Shareholder's equity of US$78.9 million was up 600% due to the execution of the Company's bitcoin treasury build out.

H2 2025 Financial Summary

All amounts compared to H2 2024 unless otherwise noted

• Total revenue of US$23.6 million was up 16.6% year-over-year, reflecting the strategic exit from loss-making U.S. operations.
• Gross profit of US$7.1 million was up 15.1% year-over-year, supported by continued supply chain optimization, improved procurement efficiency, and favorable raw material costs.
• Operating expenses of US$44.4 million was up 107.6% year-over-year, primarily driven by share-based compensation and investments related to the Company's Bitcoin treasury strategy.

Fiscal Year 2025 Bitcoin Summary

• "BTC Yield" KPI: Achieved BTC Yield of 122% in H2 and 1,493% since first purchase¹ (as of April 21, 2026).
• Digital Assets: As of December 31, 2025, the Company held approximately 1,181 BTC. As of April 21, 2026, holdings increased to 2,383 BTC. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an unrealized loss in the fair value of digital assets of $5.5 million.

Fiscal Year 2025 Capital Markets Summary

• Closed an aggregate of $528 million in strategic financing for Bitcoin treasury strategy:
  • $26 million strategic PIPE investment from premier Bitcoin and digital asset investors, which included conversion of outstanding debt to further strengthen the balance sheet.
  • $25 million by issuance of first tranche of convertible notes (with committed additional capacity of up to $275 million available in subsequent drawdowns) with Anson Funds.
  • $2 million in a private placement from Anson Funds in addition to a $200 million equity line of credit.
• Filed a $500 million universal shelf registration statement on Form F-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
• Secured a $124 million equity financing round at $10.00 per Class A share, with $3 million personal investment from Founder and CEO Norma Chu.
• As of April 21, 2026, DDC has utilized a total $53 million of its $528 million strategic financing for its Bitcoin purchases. $275 million of convertible note and $200 million equity line of credit with Anson Funds remains undrawn. In addition, DDC has not utilized any of the $500 million universal shelf.

DDC Treasury Intelligence Platform

DDC has launched the DDC Treasury Intelligence Platform, a purpose-built AI operating system for managing the Company's Bitcoin treasury with greater discipline, transparency, and long-term focus on shareholder value.

The Company believes it is among the first listed companies to invest dedicated infrastructure of this kind for corporate Bitcoin treasury management. At its core is the DDC Treasury Graph – a governed knowledge framework that unifies Bitcoin positions, market data, historical decisions, and outcomes into a continuously learning system.

The platform supports, rather than replaces, management judgement by structuring how treasury decisions are evaluated – improving decision quality, risk management, and transparency with clearly defined governance parameters.

Over time, DDC expects this capability to strength capital allocation efficiency and deliver superior risk-adjusted outcomes across market cycles, while laying the groundwork for broader AI decision systems across the Company and potential commercial applications for other organizations.

Earnings Conference Call

DDC will host its Fiscal Year 2025 earnings conference call at 8:30 am Eastern Time today, April 21, 2026. A live webcast of the conference call will be available online at https://ir.ddc.xyz/news-events/ir-calendar and an archived replay will be accessible at the same location for up to one year.

Annual Report on Form 20-F

Today, the Company filed its Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Annual Report on Form 20-F, which contains the Company's audited consolidated financial statements, can be accessed on the Company's investor relations website at https://ir.ddc.xyz, as well as on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.

Shareholders may, upon request, receive a hard copy of the Company's complete audited financial statements free of charge. Requests should be directed to DDC Enterprise Limited, 368 9th Avenue, New York, NY 10001, or by email to [email protected].

About DDC Enterprise Limited

DDC Enterprise Limited (NYSEAMERICAN: DDC) is participating proactively in the corporate Bitcoin treasury evolution while maintaining its foundation as a leading global Asian food platform. The Company has strategically positioned Bitcoin as a core reserve asset while continuing to expand its portfolio of culinary brands. DDC is at the forefront of public companies integrating Bitcoin into their financial architecture. For more information, visit www.ddc.xyz.

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this announcement are forward-looking statements. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as "may," "will," "expect," "anticipate," "aim," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "is/are likely to," "potential," "continue" or other similar expressions. Examples of forward-looking statements include those related to the Company's financial results, accumulation of Bitcoin, financing transactions, Treasury Intelligence Platform, and its goals, strategy and future activity. These statements are subject to uncertainties and risks including, but not limited to, the risk factors discussed in the Risk Factors and in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations sections of our Forms 20-F, 6-K and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and available at www.sec.gov. It is also inherent in forward-looking statements for there to be risks, uncertainties and other factors beyond the Company's ability to predict or control. Although the Company believes that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot assure you that such expectations will turn out to be correct, and the Company cautions investors that actual results may differ materially from the anticipated results and encourages investors to review other factors that may affect its future results in the Company's filings with the SEC. Additional factors are discussed in the Company's filings with the SEC, which are available for review at www.sec.gov. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent occurring events or circumstances, or changes in its expectations that arise after the date hereof, except as may be required by law.

¹ All year-over-year comparisons in the 20-F are based on the underlying RMB amounts. As a result, the growth percentages shown in the earnings release may differ from those in the 20-F.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

For second half and full-year 2025, the Company defines "Adjusted EBITDA", a non-GAAP financial measure, as net income/(loss) excluding interest, tax expense, foreign currency exchange gain/(loss), impairment loss for long-term assets, depreciation and amortization, non-cash market-to-market fair value adjustments associated with financial instruments including Bitcoin holdings and share-based compensation.

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