GrafTech Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results

Successfully Executed Initiatives to Grow Volume, Reduce Costs and Manage Working Capital Levels

Completed Financing Transactions to Bolster Liquidity and Extend Debt Maturities

Announcing Further Initiatives to Improve Profitability Levels

GrafTech International Ltd. (NYSE:EAF) ("GrafTech," the "Company," "we," or "our") today announced financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2024.

Fourth Quarter 2024 Highlights

• Exceeded cost reduction guidance, achieving a 25% year-over-year reduction in cash costs per metric ton ("MT") for the fourth quarter and a 23% reduction on a full-year basis
• Grew sales volume 13% year-over-year to 27.2 thousand MT
• Achieved fourth consecutive quarter of sequential sales volume growth
• Completed financing transactions, ending 2024 with total liquidity of $464 million

Fourth Quarter 2024 Summary

• Net sales of $134 million
• Net loss of $49 million, or $0.19 per share⁽¹⁾
• Adjusted EBITDA⁽²⁾ of negative $7 million
• Net cash used in operating activities of $26 million
• Adjusted free cash flow⁽²⁾ of negative $21 million

CEO Comments

"We successfully delivered on our stated initiatives for 2024 to grow volume and market share, to cut costs and to manage our working capital and capital expenditure levels," said Timothy Flanagan, Chief Executive Officer and President. "For the full year, we grew sales volume 13% and reduced our cash costs on a per metric ton basis by 23%. In addition, with the successful completion of our previously announced financing transactions, we ended the year with $464 million of liquidity, which will support our ability to manage through the near-term, industry-wide challenges facing GrafTech."

"As we enter 2025, we remain relentlessly focused on managing what is within our control," continued Mr. Flanagan. "However, as graphite electrode demand remains muted and competitive pressures have persisted in many of our key regions, the pricing environment remains unsustainably low. As a result, we are taking further actions to accelerate our path to normalized levels of profitability and support our ability to invest in our business. These include initiatives to optimize our order book and actively shift the geographic mix of our business to regions where there is an opportunity to capture higher average selling prices. In addition, we have informed our customers of our intention to increase prices by 15% on volume that is not yet committed for 2025. These actions reflect our ongoing commitment to protect GrafTech's position as the steel industry's preeminent supplier of graphite electrodes, leading-edge technical support and high-quality petroleum needle coke."

For the fourth quarter of 2024, sales volume increased 13% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Net sales for the fourth quarter of 2024 were $134 million, a decrease of 2% compared to $137 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 as the higher sales volume was offset by a decrease in the weighted-average realized price for volume derived from short-term agreements and spot sales ("non-LTA") and a shift in the mix of our business from volume derived from our take-or-pay agreements that had initial terms of three-to-five years ("LTA") to non-LTA volume.

Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 was $49 million, or $0.19 per share, compared to a net loss of $217 million, or $0.85 per share, in the fourth quarter of 2023. Included in net loss for the fourth quarter of 2023 was a goodwill impairment charge of $171 million.

Adjusted EBITDA⁽²⁾ was negative $7 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to negative $22 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The year-over-year improvement reflected a 25% reduction in cash costs on a per MT basis for the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. This was partially offset by the impact of lower weighted-average realized prices and a shift in the mix of our business from LTA volume to non-LTA volume.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $26 million and adjusted free cash flow⁽²⁾ was a use of $21 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $9 million and adjusted free cash flow⁽²⁾ of $4 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The year-over-year change primarily reflected a lower benefit from the net change in working capital in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, sales volume increased 13% compared to the prior year. Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased 13% compared to the prior year as the higher sales volume was offset by a decrease in the weighted-average realized price for non-LTA volume and a shift in the mix of our business from LTA volume to non-LTA volume.

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $131 million, or $0.51 per share, compared to a net loss of $255 million, or $0.99 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Included in net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 was a goodwill impairment charge of $171 million.

Adjusted EBITDA⁽²⁾ for 2024 was $2 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $20 million in the prior year. The year-over-year decline primarily reflected the impact of lower weighted-average realized prices and a shift in the mix of our business from LTA volume to non-LTA volume, with these factors partially offset by a 23% reduction in cash costs on a per MT basis for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $40 million and adjusted free cash flow⁽²⁾ was a use of $56 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $77 million and adjusted free cash flow⁽²⁾ of $50 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The year-over-year change primarily reflected a lower benefit from the net change in working capital for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. Adjusted free cash flow⁽²⁾ for the year ended December 31, 2023 also included a $27 million benefit from the settlement of interest rate swaps.

Sales volume for the fourth quarter of 2024 was 27.2 thousand MT, consisting of 23.9 thousand MT of non-LTA volume and 3.2 thousand MT of LTA volume.

For the fourth quarter of 2024, the weighted-average realized price for our non-LTA volume was approximately $3,900 per MT, a decrease of approximately 19% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, with the decline reflecting the persistent competitive pressures in our principal commercial regions. For our LTA volume, the weighted-average realized price was approximately $7,700 per MT for the fourth quarter of 2024.

Production volume was 25.1 thousand MT in the fourth quarter of 2024, an increase of 3% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023.

Capital Structure and Liquidity

During the fourth quarter of 2024, we completed the previously announced capital transactions which provided incremental liquidity and extended our debt maturities. As of December 31, 2024, we had liquidity of $464 million, consisting of cash and cash equivalents of $256 million, $108 million of availability under our amended revolving credit facility and $100 million of availability under our new senior secured first lien delayed draw term loans. As of December 31, 2024, we had gross debt⁽⁷⁾ of $1,125 million and net debt⁽⁸⁾ of approximately $869 million.

Outlook

In 2024, steel industry production remained constrained by global economic and geopolitical uncertainty. As we enter 2025, industry analyst projections indicate a modest recovery in global steel demand is expected for the year. However, significant geopolitical uncertainty remains, including the potential impact of policymaking on the interest rate environment, global trade and decarbonization policies. As we closely monitor all of these developments and assess their potential impact on the commercial environment for graphite electrodes, our current outlook is that demand for graphite electrodes in the near term will remain relatively flat in the key regions in which we operate.

For GrafTech, despite the industry-wide headwinds, we anticipate a low double-digit percentage point year-over-year increase in our sales volume for 2025 on a full-year basis as we continue to regain market share. This reflects our compelling customer value proposition and our ongoing focus on delivering on the needs of our customers. Of our anticipated 2025 sales volume, to date, we have over 60% committed in our order book following the successful completion of the customer negotiations that occur in the fourth quarter of each year.

As it relates to price, challenging pricing dynamics have persisted in most regions and the pricing environment remains unsustainably low. As a result, we are taking further actions to accelerate our path to normalized levels of profitability and support our ability to invest in our business. These include initiatives to optimize our order book and actively shift the geographic mix of our business to regions where there is an opportunity to capture higher average selling prices. In addition, we have informed our customers of our intention to increase prices by 15% on volume that is not yet committed for 2025.

As it relates to costs, we will continue to execute our initiatives to improve our cost structure. Reflecting these actions and the benefit of the anticipated increase in our sales and production volume levels, we expect a mid-single digit percentage point decline in our cash cost of goods sold per MT for 2025 compared to 2024.

In addition, we will continue to closely manage our working capital levels and capital expenditures. For 2025, we expect the net impact of working capital will be favorable to our full year cash flow performance, although to a lesser extent than in each of the previous two years which reflected our efforts to align inventory levels with our view on demand. We anticipate our full year 2025 capital expenditures will be approximately $40 million.

Longer term, we remain confident that the steel industry's efforts to decarbonize will lead to increased adoption of the electric arc furnace method of steelmaking, driving long-term demand growth for graphite electrodes. We also anticipate the demand for petroleum needle coke, the key raw material we use to produce graphite electrodes, to accelerate driven by its utilization in producing synthetic graphite for use in lithium-ion batteries for the growing electric vehicle market. We believe that the near-term actions we are taking, supported by an industry-leading position and our sustainable competitive advantages, including our substantial vertical integration into petroleum needle coke via our Seadrift facility, will optimally position GrafTech to benefit from that long-term growth.

Conference Call Information

In connection with this earnings release, you are invited to listen to our earnings call being held on February 7, 2025 at 10:00 a.m. (EST). The webcast and accompanying slide presentation will be available on our investor relations website at: http://ir.graftech.com. The earnings call dial-in number is +1 (800) 717-1738 toll-free in North America or +1 (289) 514-5100 for overseas calls, conference ID: 51544. Archived replays of the conference call and webcast will be made available on our investor relations website at: http://ir.graftech.com. GrafTech also makes its complete financial reports that have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and other information available at: www.GrafTech.com. The information on our website is not part of this release or any report we file with or furnish to the SEC.

About GrafTech

GrafTech International Ltd. is a leading manufacturer of high-quality graphite electrode products essential to the production of electric arc furnace steel and other ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The Company has a competitive portfolio of low-cost, ultra-high power graphite electrode manufacturing facilities, with some of the highest capacity facilities in the world. We are the only large-scale graphite electrode producer that is substantially vertically integrated into petroleum needle coke, our key raw material for graphite electrode manufacturing. This unique position provides us with competitive advantages in product quality and cost.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release and related discussions may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, financial projections, plans and objectives of management for future operations, future economic performance and short-term and long-term liquidity. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding future estimated volume, pricing and revenue, anticipated levels of capital expenditures and cost of goods sold. You can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words such as "will," "may," "plan," "estimate," "project," "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "foresee," "intend," "should," "would," "could," "target," "goal," "continue to," "positioned to," "are confident," or the negative versions of those words or other comparable words. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based upon our historical performance and on our current plans, estimates and expectations considering information currently available to us. The inclusion of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us that the future plans, estimates, or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. Our expectations and targets are not predictions of actual performance and historically our performance has deviated, often significantly, from our expectations and targets. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, financial results, financial condition, business, prospects, growth strategy and liquidity. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to: our dependence on the global steel industry generally and the electric arc furnace steel industry, in particular; the cyclical nature of our business and the selling prices of our products, which may continue to decline in the future, and may lead to prolonged periods of reduced profitability and net losses or adversely impact liquidity; the sensitivity of our business and operating results to economic conditions, including any recession, and the possibility others may not be able to fulfill their obligations to us in a timely fashion or at all; the possibility that we may be unable to implement our business strategies in an effective manner; the possibility that global graphite electrode overcapacity may adversely affect graphite electrode prices; the competitiveness of the graphite electrode industry; our dependence on the supply of raw materials, including decant oil and petroleum needle coke, and disruptions in supply chains for these materials; our primary reliance on one facility in Monterrey, Mexico for the manufacturing of connecting pins; the cost of electric power and natural gas, particularly in Europe; our manufacturing operations are subject to hazards; the legal, compliance, economic, social and political risks associated with our substantial operations in multiple countries; the possibility that fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates could materially harm our financial results; the possibility that our results of operations could further deteriorate if our manufacturing operations were substantially disrupted for an extended period, including as a result of equipment failure, climate change, regulatory issues, natural disasters, public health crises, such as a global pandemic, political crises or other catastrophic events; the risks and uncertainties associated with litigation, arbitration, and like disputes, including disputes related to contractual commitments; our dependence on third parties for certain construction, maintenance, engineering, transportation, warehousing and logistics services; the possibility that we are subject to information technology systems failures, cybersecurity incidents, network disruptions and breaches of data security, including with respect to our third-party suppliers and business partners; the possibility that we are unable to recruit or retain key management and plant operating personnel or successfully negotiate with the representatives of our employees, including labor unions; the sensitivity of long-lived assets on our balance sheet to changes in the market; our dependence on protecting our intellectual property and the possibility that third parties may claim that our products or processes infringe their intellectual property rights; the impact of inflation and our ability to mitigate the effect on our costs; the impact of macroeconomic and geopolitical events on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and the disruptions and inefficiencies in our supply chain that may occur as a result of such events; the possibility that the imposition of new or increase of existing custom duties and other tariffs in the countries in which we, our customers and our suppliers operate could adversely affect our operations; the possibility that our indebtedness could limit our financial and operating activities or that our cash flows may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness; past increases in benchmark interest rates and the fact that any future borrowings may subject us to interest rate risk; risks and uncertainties associated with our ability to access the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition; the possibility that disruptions in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our customers and suppliers; the possibility that restrictive covenants in our financing agreements could restrict or limit our operations; changes in, or more stringent enforcement of, health, safety and environmental regulations applicable to our manufacturing operations and facilities; and our ability to continue to meet the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the Risk Factors and other cautionary statements that are included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements made in this press release relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from what we may have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution that you should not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. You should specifically consider the factors identified in this press release that could cause actual results to differ before making an investment decision to purchase our common stock. Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us.

Non‑GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to providing results that are determined in accordance with GAAP, we have provided certain financial measures that are not in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net loss, adjusted loss per share, free cash flow, adjusted free cash flow, net debt and cash cost of goods sold per MT are non-GAAP financial measures.

We define EBITDA, a non‑GAAP financial measure, as net loss plus interest expense, minus interest income, plus income taxes and depreciation and amortization. We define adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, as EBITDA adjusted by any pension and other post-employment benefit ("OPEB") expenses, rationalization and rationalization-related expenses, non‑cash gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement of non‑operating assets and liabilities in our foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, stock-based compensation expense, proxy contest expenses, Tax Receivable Agreement adjustments and goodwill impairment charges. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary metric used by our management and our Board of Directors to establish budgets and operational goals for managing our business and evaluating our performance.

We monitor adjusted EBITDA as a supplement to our GAAP measures, and believe it is useful to present to investors, because we believe that it facilitates evaluation of our period‑to‑period operating performance by eliminating items that are not operational in nature, allowing comparison of our recurring core business operating results over multiple periods unaffected by differences in capital structure, capital investment cycles and fixed asset base. In addition, we believe adjusted EBITDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, securities analysts, ratings agencies, and other parties in evaluating companies in our industry as a measure of financial performance and debt‑service capabilities.

Our use of adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures for capital equipment or other contractual commitments, including any capital expenditure requirements to augment or replace our capital assets;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our indebtedness;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax payments or the income tax benefit that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect expenses relating to our pension and OPEB plans;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect rationalization or rationalization-related expenses;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the non‑cash gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement of non‑operating assets and liabilities in our foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect stock-based compensation expense;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect proxy contest expenses;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect Tax Receivable Agreement adjustments;
• adjusted EBITDA does not reflect goodwill impairment charges; and
• other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

We define adjusted net loss, a non‑GAAP financial measure, as net loss, excluding the items used to calculate adjusted EBITDA and further excluding debt modification costs, less the tax effect of those adjustments. We define adjusted loss per share, a non‑GAAP financial measure, as adjusted net loss divided by the weighted average diluted common shares outstanding during the period. We believe adjusted net loss and adjusted loss per share are useful to present to investors because we believe that they assist investors' understanding of the underlying operational profitability of the Company.

We define free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, as net cash provided by or used in operating activities less capital expenditures. We define adjusted free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, as free cash flow adjusted by payments made or received from the settlement of interest rate swap contracts and payments made for debt modification costs. We use free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow as critical measures in the evaluation of liquidity in conjunction with related GAAP amounts. We also use these measures when considering available cash, including for decision-making purposes related to dividends, debt servicing and discretionary investments. Further, these measures help management, the Board of Directors, and investors evaluate the Company's ability to generate liquidity from operating activities.

We define net debt, a non-GAAP financial measure, as gross debt minus cash and cash equivalents. We believe this is an important measure as it is more representative of our financial position.

We define cash cost of goods sold per MT, a non-GAAP financial measure, as cost of goods sold less depreciation and amortization, less cost of goods sold associated with the portion of our sales that consists of deliveries of by-products of the manufacturing processes and less rationalization-related expenses, with this total divided by our sales volume measured in MT. We believe this is an important measure as it is used by our management and Board of Directors to evaluate our costs on a per MT basis.

In evaluating these non-GAAP financial measures, you should be aware that in the future, we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in the reconciliations presented below. Our presentations of these non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as suggesting that our future results will be unaffected by these expenses or any unusual or non‑recurring items. When evaluating our performance, you should consider these non-GAAP financial measures alongside other measures of financial performance and liquidity, including our net loss, loss per share, cash flow from operating activities, cost of goods sold and other GAAP measures.

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Michael Dillon

216-676-2000

[email protected]