SEC Form 10-K filed by Electro-Sensors Inc.

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

Form 10-K

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under §404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates (persons other than officers, directors, or holders of more than 5% of the outstanding stock) of the registrant was approximately $5,500,000 based upon the closing price of its common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market® on June 30, 2025.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.10 par value, on March 27, 2026 was 3,532,423.

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.
Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2025

PART I

Item 1.                    Business.

Introduction

Electro-Sensors, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “ESI”) manufactures and sells industrial production monitoring and process control systems. 

In addition, we may periodically make strategic investments in other businesses and companies, including investments that we believe would facilitate the development of technology complementary to our existing products or investments that we believe present opportunities for the Company and its shareholders. 

ESI was incorporated in Minnesota in July 1968. Our executive offices are located at 6111 Blue Circle Drive, Minnetonka, Minnesota, 55343-9108. Our telephone number is (952) 930-0100.

Products

We manufacture a complete line of monitoring and control systems for a wide range of industrial machine applications.  The systems measure machine production and operation rates, as well as regulate the speed of related machines in production processes.

Our goal is to develop meaningful annual updates to our products.

We have a sales agreement with Motrona GmbH, a German control and interface devices manufacturer, under which we have the right to distribute Motrona products in the United States. These products interface with our products on various applications for motion monitoring.

      Speed Monitoring Systems

Our speed monitoring systems compare revolutions per minute or speed against acceptable rates as determined by our customers. These systems vary in complexity, from simple systems that detect slow-downs or stoppages, to sophisticated systems that warn of deviations from precise tolerances and that permit various subsidiary operations to be determined through monitoring shaft speed.

Our speed monitoring systems also include a line of products that measure production counts or rates, such as number of parts, gallons per minute, or board feet. These speed monitoring systems include alarm systems, tachometers, and other devices that translate impulses from the sensors into alarm signals utilized by our customers.

We have several products used in drive control systems that regulate the speed of motors on related machines in a production sequence to ensure that the performances of various operations are coordinated. The products consist of a line of digital control products for motors that require a complete closed loop PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control. The closed loop controllers coordinate production speed among process motors and reduce waste.

      Temperature Application Products

Our main temperature applications include bearing, gear box, and motor temperature monitoring sensors.  These sensors alert an operator when the temperature exceeds or is less than a specified temperature.

      Position Application Products

We also offer production monitoring devices that include a belt alignment and slide gate position monitor.  The belt alignment monitor is used to determine if a belt is tracking correctly.  The slide gate position monitor is used in plant operations to provide feedback of the position of a slide gate. 

      Vibration Monitoring Products 

Our vibration monitors alert operators when the vibration of a machine in a production system exceeds or is less than a specified level.  

      Tilt Switches

A tilt switch is designed to alert the operator when a storage bin or production system reaches a certain capacity.  

      Hazard Monitoring Systems 

Electro-Sentry We offer the Electro-Sentry 1TM and Electro-Sentry 16TM hazard monitoring systems, which integrate our sensors for monitoring temperature, belt alignment, and shaft speed with programmable control logic to create a complete hazard monitoring system. These systems enable our customers to locate which part of their material handling system is operating incorrectly, typically in less than ten seconds. 

HazardPROTM We market our wireless hazard technology monitoring system under the HazardPRO product name. This integrated hazard monitoring system captures and displays key information in an intuitive format allowing the user to quickly and comprehensively understand the status and history of the user's processes.  The simple but powerful interface provides insight into a customer's internal operations as they strive to maximize safety and facility runtime, while minimizing costs associated with unscheduled maintenance and unplanned downtime.  The HazardPRO system has been approved for use in hazardous dust environments by a third-party nationally recognized testing laboratory.

The HazardPRO site system manager software efficiently collects data from all sensors in a customer's monitoring system, with effective wireless monitoring across a widely dispersed area.  This product line includes a complete antenna pair mounting system for easy and accurate customer installation.

We expect to continue to expend resources to develop new products and to market new and existing products for use in a wide variety of monitoring applications.

Our corporate website, www.electro-sensors.com, provides significant product application information for our existing and prospective customers and our sales partners. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference herein and is not a part of this Form 10-K. 

Marketing and Distribution

We sell our products primarily through both our internal sales team and a number of manufacturer’s representatives and distributors, both nationally and internationally. In 2025, we shipped product to 21 countries, including sales through distributors in the following countries; Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, United Kingdom, Egypt, India, Australia, China, the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. Sales to customers outside the United States represented approximately 12% of revenues in 2025. We sell our products under the Electro-Sensors, Inc. brand as a range of products from simple sensors to complex integrated monitoring systems.  Our customers operate in a wide range of industries, including grain/feed/milling, bulk materials, manufacturing, food products, ethanol, power generation, and other processing industries.

We continue to explore new industries and applications within the industries we serve to expand sales and may also consider acquiring compatible businesses or product lines as part of our growth strategy.  In addition, we may make strategic investments that we believe present opportunities for the Company and its shareholders.

In addition to enhanced operational safety, we believe that a wide variety of organizations could achieve significant savings in both time and materials by adding production monitoring and drive control technology to existing processes to coordinate the operation of related machines and help prevent costly downtime. We sell our products into both the “retro-fit” market and into new manufacturing or processing systems.

We advertise in national industrial periodicals that cover a range of industries and attend several local, national and international industry tradeshows throughout the year. We also use our corporate website and other related industry websites for advertising and marketing purposes.

Competition

We face substantial competition in the sale of our production monitoring sensors and systems from a broad range of industrial and commercial businesses. Among our competitors are 4B Components Ltd., Maxi-Tronic, Inc., Siemens Corporation, and Ag Growth International Inc. (AGI). We believe our competitive advantages include our products' superior design and quality, and that our products are sold as ready-to-install units that can be used in a wide range of applications. Our major challenges include the fact that several of our competitors are larger, may have more established brand recognition, have a broader range of sensing instruments, and have larger sales forces and capital resources. 

 Suppliers

We purchase parts and materials for our systems from various manufacturers and distributors. In some instances, these materials are manufactured in accordance with our proprietary designs. Multiple sources of these parts and materials are generally available, and we typically do not depend on any single source for these supplies and materials. While we believe that our supply chain has generally stabilized, we occasionally experience unexpected price increases and delivery delays requiring us to intervene and remediate.  To meet these challenges, we seek additional sources for components and modify product designs to accommodate new components that are more readily available at competitive prices. There is no guarantee that we will continue to be successful in modifying these designs and sourcing alternative components and material.  As a result, we could experience significant delays in receiving certain components needed to make timely customer deliveries, as well as increased costs that erode gross margins. We continue to closely monitor lead times and availability of components. We are continually assessing our inventory levels and may take actions as necessary to minimize disruptions to our supply chain such as maintaining larger levels of inventories than we have in the past, but these actions may not be successful if significant disruptions occur.

Customers

We do not depend upon a single or a few customers for 10% or more portion of our sales.  

Patents, Trademarks and Licenses

The Company relies on a combination of patent, trademark, and trade secret laws to establish proprietary right in its products.

We established the HazardPRO trademark during 2014 and intend to register this trademark.

We hold six patents relating to our production monitoring systems. We believe strongly in protecting our intellectual property and have a long history of obtaining patents, when available, in connection with our research and product development programs. We also rely upon trade secrets and proprietary know-how.

We seek to protect our trade secrets and proprietary intellectual property, including know-how, in part, through confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, and other parties. However, we cannot ensure these agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or independently developed by competitors.

Seasonality

Generally, the Company experiences seasonality in the sale of its products with the second and third calendar quarters historically the strongest.

Business Development Activities

We continue to seek growth opportunities, both internally through our existing portfolio of products, technologies and markets, as well as externally through technology partnerships or related-product or business acquisitions.  In addition, we may make strategic or other investments that we believe present opportunities for the Company and its shareholders.  The Company's Board of Directors has established a special committee and continues to explore business development and other strategic alternatives.

Governmental Approvals

Although we are not required to obtain governmental approval of our products, we choose to obtain certain third-party certifications to meet customer needs and may expand market opportunities in certain industries.

Effect of Governmental Regulations

We do not believe that any existing or proposed governmental regulations will have a material effect on our business.

Research and Development 

We invest in research and development programs to develop new products and to integrate state-of-the-art technology into our existing products. We undertake development projects based upon the identified specific needs of the markets we serve.  Our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section further describes our research and development expenditures.

Our future success depends in part upon our ability to develop new products in our varying segments. Difficulties or delays in our ability to develop, produce, test, market, and deliver new products could have a material adverse effect on future sales growth.

Compliance with Environmental Laws

Compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws has only a nominal effect on current or anticipated capital expenditures and has had no material effect on earnings or on our competitive position.

Human Capital 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 38 employees, all of whom are full-time and based in the United States.  We consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees are currently represented by a labor union.

The Company views its employees and culture as keys to its success.  The Company aims to attract and retain qualified personnel and provides wages and benefits that are competitive locally to reward employees for performance.  The Company values innovation, inclusion and diversity, safety, and engagement as we believe these are keys to attract, develop, and retain the best talent.

The health and safety of our employees is our top priority.  We believe the Company has generally been successful implementing appropriate measures to protect employee health and safety while maintaining business continuity and high levels of service to our customers.

Our ability to maintain a competitive position and to continue to develop and market new products depends, in part, on our ability to retain key employees and qualified personnel. If we are unable to retain our key employees, or recruit and train others, our product development, marketing and sales could be adversely affected. 

Fluctuations in Operating Results

We have experienced fluctuations in our historical operating results and expect to experience fluctuations in the future.  These fluctuations may affect the market price of our common stock. Sales can fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include: product competition and acceptance, timing of customer orders, cancellation of orders, the mix of products sold, supply chain disruptions, downturns in the markets we serve, geopolitical events, and economic disruptions such as weather-related events. In addition, we have experienced and may continue to experience increased costs for materials and labor which may impact our profitability.  Because fluctuations may occur, we caution investors that results of our operations for recent periods may not accurately predict how we will perform in the future. We cannot ensure that we will achieve revenue or earnings growth.

Expending Funds for Changes in Industry Standards, Customer Preferences or Technology

Our business depends on our ability to periodically introduce new and enhanced products and solutions to meet customer needs. Our product development efforts require us to commit financial resources, personnel and time, usually in advance of significant market demand for these products. In order to compete, we must anticipate both future demand and the technology available to meet that demand. We cannot ensure that our research and development efforts will lead to new products or product innovations that can be made available to or will be accepted by the market.

Available Information

We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we file with the SEC electronically. Copies of our reports on Form 10-K, Forms 10-Q, Forms 8-K, and amendments to those reports may also be obtained, free of charge, electronically through our investor relations website located at https://www.electro-sensors.com/about/investor-info as soon as reasonably practical after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report and should not be considered part of this document.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. We have made, and may continue to make, forward-looking statements with respect to our business and financial matters, including statements contained in this document, other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and reports to shareholders. Forward-looking statements generally include discussion of current expectations or forecasts of future events and can be identified by the use of terminology such as “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “could,” “will,” and similar words or expressions. Any statement that does not relate solely to historical fact should be considered forward-looking.

Our forward-looking statements generally relate to our growth strategy, future financial results, product development and sales efforts. We make forward-looking statements throughout this Annual Report, but primarily in this Item 1 and Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. These include statements relating to our beliefs and expectations and intentions with respect to (i) our growth and profitability, (ii) our marketing and product development, (iii) our ability to continue to obtain parts and materials for our products from various manufacturers and distributors in a timely manner and at reasonable prices, (iv) the value of our intellectual property, (v) our competitive position in the marketplace, (vi) the effect of governmental regulations on our business, (vii) our employee relations, (viii) the adequacy of our facilities, (ix) our intention to develop new products, (x) the possibility of us acquiring compatible businesses or product lines as part of our growth strategy, and (xi) our future cash requirements and use of cash.

Forward-looking statements cannot be guaranteed and our actual results may vary materially due to the uncertainties and risks, known and unknown, associated with these statements, including our ability to successfully develop new products and manage our cash requirements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. We wish to caution investors that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect our actual results of operations and cause these results to differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements made in this document and elsewhere by us or on our behalf. We cannot foresee or identify all factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected or historical results. As such, investors should not consider any list of these factors to be an exhaustive statement of all risks, uncertainties or potentially inaccurate assumptions. These factors include our ability to: 

Item 1A.                 Risk Factors.

This item is not required for smaller reporting companies, but above under “Forward-Looking Statements,” we discuss some of the risk factors that are relevant to our business and operating results.   

Item 1B.                 Unresolved Staff Comments.

None

Item 2.                    Properties.

We own and occupy a 25,400 square foot facility at 6111 Blue Circle Drive, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343-9108. All our operations are conducted within this facility. The facility is in excellent condition and we continue to maintain and update the facility as necessary. We believe the facility will be adequate for our needs in 2026.

Item 3.                    Legal Proceedings.

We are not the subject of any material legal proceedings as of the date of this filing and we are not aware of any material threatened litigation. 

Item 4.                    Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable. 

PART II

Item 5.                     Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market® under the symbol “ELSE.”

Based on data provided by our transfer agent, as of March 23, 2026, we had 52 shareholders of record who held 914,714  shares of the Company’s common stock.

At the time of this report, the Company does not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

From time to time, we may be required to repurchase our common stock as a result of Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") obligations described in Note 9 to our 2025 financial statements. We did not repurchase any common stock during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The information required by Item 201(d) of SEC Regulation S-K is set forth in Item 12 of this Form 10-K.

Item 6.                     [Reserved].

Item 7.                     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table contains selected financial information, for the years indicated, from our statements of comprehensive income expressed as a percentage of net sales.

The following paragraphs discuss the Company’s performance for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Comparison of 2025 vs 2024 (dollars in thousands)

Net Sales

Net sales for 2025 were $10,142, an increase of $769, or 8.2%, from $9,373 in 2024.  The increase was primarily driven by higher sales of wired sensing products utilized across a broad-base of applications and HazardPROTM wireless systems utilized in industrial automation applications.  International sales, as a percentage of net sales, remained at 12% as compared to 2024.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for 2025 increased $575, or 12.5%, to $5,157 from $4,582 in 2024. Gross margin in 2025 was 50.8% compared to 48.9% in 2024. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to an increase in average selling prices implemented during 2025 to partially offset increased material costs.  We have provided additional information regarding material and labor costs in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses increased $569, or 12.4%, to $5,155 in 2025 from $4,586 in 2024, and increased as a percentage of net sales to 50.8% from 48.9%.  The increase in operating expense dollars was primarily due to additional headcount, unreimbursed sales tax, and stock-based compensation related to the acceleration of vesting of equity awards for a retired board member.

Operating Income (Loss)

Operating income was $2 in 2025 compared to an operating loss of $4 in 2024, an increase of $6, or 150.0%.  The increase was primarily the result of higher net sales and gross margin, partially offset by an increase in expenses for compensation related to hiring additional sales leadership, unreimbursed sales tax and stock-based compensation from the accelerated vesting described above.

Non-Operating Income 

Non-operating income decreased $95 to $345 in 2025 from $440 in 2024, primarily as a result of lower interest income earned as a result of lower interest rates on Treasury Bills.

Equity securities are stated at fair value, and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in our statements of comprehensive income in the non-operating income section.  

Realized gains and losses, including losses from declines in value of specific securities determined by management to be other-than-temporary, are included in the Statements of Operations. Realized gains and losses are determined on the basis of the specific securities sold.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $41 in 2025 compared to an income tax benefit of $10 in 2024. The increase in tax expense was primarily due to a decrease in deferred tax assets related to stock-based compensation and deductible research and development expenses.  We have provided detailed information about our income tax provision in Note 10 to the financial statements.

 Net Income

We reported net income of $306 in 2025 compared to $446 in 2024, a decrease of $140, or 31.4%. Basic and diluted earnings per share were $0.09 and $0.13 in 2025 and 2024, respectively.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or obligations that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in the financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash and cash equivalents were $10,545 and $9,948 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.  Working capital was $13,468 at December 31, 2025 compared to $12,922 at December 31, 2024.  The increases were due primarily to cash generated from operations. 

Cash generated from operating activities was $662 in 2025 compared to $129 in 2024, an increase of $533.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses; partially offset by a decrease in deferred tax assets and a smaller increase in inventories.  The increase in accounts payable is primarily due to the timing of payments.  The increase in accrued expenses is due to the unreimbursed sales tax, timing of payroll and variable sales compensation primarily resulting from the increase in net sales.  The decrease in deferred tax assets is primarily due to the deduction of research and development expenses that were previously capitalized for tax purposes.  The smaller increase in inventories is due to the timing of component receipts.

Cash used in investing activities in 2025 was $65, compared to $51 in 2024.  The cash used in both periods was for the purchase of office equipment.

Subject to the following section, entitled "Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics," the Company believes its ongoing cash usage requirements will be primarily for capital expenditures, potential acquisitions, investments we believe present opportunities for the Company and its shareholders, research and development, working capital, and growth initiatives.  Management believes that cash on hand and any cash provided by operations will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through at least the next 12 months.

Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics

We purchase parts and materials from various manufacturers and distributors. While we believe that our supply chain has generally stabilized, we occasionally see unexpected price increases and delivery delays requiring us to intervene and remediate.  To meet these challenges, we seek additional sources for components and modify product designs to accommodate new components that are more readily available at competitive prices. There is no guarantee that we will continue to be successful in modifying these designs and sourcing alternative components and material.  As a result, we could experience significant delays in receiving certain components needed to make timely customer deliveries, as well as increased costs that erode gross margins.  Current supply chain dynamics may have a negative effect on the efficiency of our operations, our customer base, and the domestic or worldwide economy.  Changes in general economic and financial conditions, inflationary pressures, the potential for economic recession in the U.S., tariffs and trade restrictions, including the imposition of new and higher tariffs on imported goods, the uncertainty of evolving tariffs, and retaliatory tariffs implemented by other countries on U.S. goods may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.  We continually monitor and attempt to remediate the impact of market forces as they occur.  However, we may not be able to fully remediate or offset costs, all of which could have a material negative impact on our business and results of operations.

Furthermore, the labor market for qualified employees able to fill our various open positions is challenging and becoming more costly.  These factors may result in delays in filling these positions and negatively impact profit margins. In addition, we may experience changes in transportation and freight availability that may make it difficult to have materials and components shipped to us, or our products shipped to customers, in a timely and cost-effective manner. While we continue to closely monitor and manage each of these activities, our actions may not be successful and may result in a negative effect on our sales and profit margins.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make decisions based upon estimates, assumptions, and factors it considers relevant to the circumstances. Those decisions include the selection of applicable accounting principles and the use of judgment in their application, the results of which affect reported amounts and disclosures. Changes in economic conditions or other business circumstances may affect the outcomes of management’s estimates and assumptions.

Significant estimates, including the underlying assumptions, consist of the realizability of trade receivables, valuation of investments, deferred tax assets/liabilities, inventory, and stock compensation expense. It is at least reasonably possible that these estimates may change in the near term.

Realizability of trade receivables

We estimate our allowance for credit losses based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of our trade receivables. We are unable to predict which, if any, of our customers will be unable to pay their open invoices at a future date. If an account becomes uncollectible and we are required to write off the balance, we would write off the balance to the allowance for credit losses.  Any change in our allowance for credit losses could cause a material increase or decrease in our general and administrative expenses.

Valuation of deferred tax assets/liabilities

We estimate our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates. The tax laws and rates could change in the future to either disallow the deductions or increase or decrease the tax rates. We recognize changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period in which the tax law changes become effective. Any change in our deferred tax assets or liabilities could have a material negative or positive effect on our income tax provision.

Valuation of inventory

We purchase inventory based on estimated demand of products. It is possible that the inventory we have purchased will not be used in the products that our customers need or will not meet future technological requirements. If we are unable to use the inventory in our products and it does not meet future technological requirements, we would be required to remove the items from inventory and expense the amount in cost of goods sold.

Valuation of investments

Our investments in available-for-sale securities are valued at market prices in an open market. The prices are subject to normal fluctuations that could be either negative or positive. Even though these equity securities were only valued at $56 at December 31, 2025, changes in the value of these equity securities could affect our profitability.  Treasury Bills accounted for as cash equivalents are adjusted to fair value monthly and any change is reported as interest income on the Statements of Operations.

Valuation of stock-based compensation expense

We estimate the expected life and forfeiture rates of stock options granted when calculating the value of options using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The actual life and forfeiture rate could differ from what we estimated. Changes in the life or forfeiture rate of stock options could have a negative or positive impact on our stock-based compensation.

Additional information regarding our significant accounting policies is provided below in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Financial Statements, Note 1, Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.

Item 7A.                 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 8.                     Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Electro-Sensors, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Electro-Sensors, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.

/s/ Boulay PLLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006.

PCAOB ID: 542

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

See Notes to Financial Statements

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 

(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Financial Statements

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Financial Statements

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

See Notes to Financial Statements

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands except share and per share amounts)