Intrusion Inc. Form 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
☒		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

OR

☐		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-39608

INTRUSION INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

delaware	75-1911917
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

101 EAST PARK BLVD, SUITE 1200 PLANO, texas	75074
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (972) 234-6400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	INTZ	Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large, accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large, accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large, accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☐ No ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of June 30, 2023: $24,958,545.

As of March 25, 2024, 1,944,675 shares of the issuer’s Common Stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement filed in connection with the Registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

INTRUSION INC.

INDEX

PART I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	5
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	13
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	13
Item 2.	Properties	13
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	14
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	15
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 8.	Financial Statements	23
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	23
Item 9B.	Other Information	24
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	25
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	25
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	25
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	25
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	25
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	26
Signatures		29

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding our financial position; our ability to continue our business as a going concern; our business, sales, and marketing strategies and plans; our ability to successfully market, sell, and deliver our INTRUSION Shield commercial product and solutions to an expanding customer base; are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, such statements.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we believe that such information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

EXPLANATORY NOTE – REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

Unless otherwise stated, all shares and per share amounts for all periods presented in this Annual Report have been adjusted to reflect the 1-for-20 reverse stock split we effected on March 22, 2024.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

Our Corporate Information

We were organized in Texas in September 1983 and reincorporated in Delaware in October 1995. Our principal executive offices are located at 101 East Park Boulevard, Suite 1200, Plano, Texas 75074, and our telephone number is (972) 234-6400. Our website URL is www.intrusion.com. We post the following filings in the “Investors” section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; our current reports on Form 8-K; and any amendments to those reports or statements filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. All such filings on our website are available free of charge. Additionally, filings are available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website (www.sec.gov). In this report, references to the “Company,” “we”, “us,” “our”, “Intrusion” or “Intrusion Inc.” refer to Intrusion Inc. and its subsidiaries. TraceCop and Savant are registered trademarks of the Company. We have also applied for trademark protection for INTRUSION Shield.

Our Business

Intrusion, Inc. is a cybersecurity company based in Plano, Texas. The company offers its customers access to its exclusive threat intelligence database containing the historical data, known associations, and reputational behavior of over 8.5 billion Internet Protocol (“IP”) addresses. After years of gathering global internet intelligence and working exclusively with government entities, the company released its first commercial product in 2021.

For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, we generated revenues of approximately $5.6 million and $7.5 million, respectively, and reported net loss of approximately $13.9 million and $16.2 million, respectively, and cash flow used in operating activities of approximately $7.8 million and $13.2 million, respectively. As noted in our audited financial statements, as of December 31, 2023, we had stockholders’ deficit of $9.6 million and a working capital deficit of $13.1 million. As a result of our historical recurring losses from operations, negative cash flows from operations, net working capital deficiency as well as our dependence on equity and debt financings, there is a substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our Solutions

INTRUSION Shield™

INTRUSION Shield, our newest cybersecurity solution is a Zero Trust reputation-based Software as a Service (“SaaS”) solution that inspects and kills dangerous network (in and outbound) connections. What makes our approach unique is that INTRUSION Shield evaluates every packet and analyzes the IP addresses (source and destination), as well as domain information and the ports utilized and, when combined with other threat intelligence data reports, blocks malicious connections. Many breaches today are caused by Zero-Day and malware free compromises that may not trigger alarms in a traditional firewall or endpoint solution. INTRUSION Shield’s capabilities are designed to continuously evolve as the threats and landscape change over time. Unlike traditional industry approaches that rely heavily on signatures, complex rules, and human factors mitigation, which malicious actors and nation states have learned to bypass, INTRUSION Shield’s proprietary architecture isolates and neutralizes malicious traffic and network flows that existing solutions are ill equipped to handle.

In September 2022, we expanded the INTRUSION Shield product line to include the Shield Cloud and Shield End-Point solutions. The initial INTRUSION Shield offering released in early 2021, the Shield On-Premise solution, utilizes hardware and is placed behind a firewall in a data center. Shield Cloud extends the effectiveness of the Shield On-Premise solution to Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), SaaS and serverless resources in the public cloud. This product serves as a protective gateway to the cloud, providing both Zero Trust access to, and protecting outbound connections from, virtual hosts and serverless functions within the cloud. Shield Endpoint helps protect the network outside of the corporate enclave and data center to include protection for remote workers, mobile, and cloud devices. This product brings the network protection of the Shield On-Premise to these remote user devices establishing a Zero Trust network, both for intra-organization connectivity and external internet connectivity.

INTRUSION TraceCop^®

INTRUSION TraceCop is a big data tool with extensive IP intelligence canvassing the entire internet. It contains what we believe to be the largest existing repository of reputation information on known good and known bad active IP addresses (both IPv4 and IPv6). TraceCop contains an inventory of network selectors and enrichments useful to support forensic investigations. The data contains a history of IPv4 and IPv6 block allocations and transfers, historical mappings of IP addresses to Autonomous Systems (ASNs) as observed through BGP, and approximately one billion historically registered domain names and registration context. TraceCop contains tens of billions of historic DNS resolutions of Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs or hostnames) on each of these domains. Together, the resulting data shows relationships, hosting, and attribution for internet resources. TraceCop also contains web server surveys of content, such as natural language and topic of the content on hundreds of millions of websites and servers and OS fingerprints of services showing applications running on a given IP address. TraceCop also contains a history of threat and reputation for each hostname and IP address over time. All these features combine to create a very effective network forensics and cybersecurity analysis tool.

INTRUSION Savant^®

INTRUSION Savant is a network monitoring solution that leverages the rich data available in TraceCop to identify suspicious traffic in real-time. Savant uses several original patents to uniquely characterize and record all network flows. Savant is a network reconnaissance and attack analysis tool used by forensic analysts in United States (“U.S.”) government agencies and corporations with in-house threat research teams. For example, Savant users can create various automated rules to inspect packets matching (or not) certain criteria such as creating a rule to ensure the Source MAC address field in the Ethernet header and Source IP address from the IP header are always the same, failing which could indicate MAC or IP Spoofing in progress. Similarly, threat investigators can create rules using regular expressions to analyze multiple fields in the packet headers.

Our Intellectual Property and Licenses

Our success and our ability to compete are primarily dependent upon our proprietary technology. We principally rely on a combination of contractual rights, trade secrets and copyright laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our solutions. In addition, we have received two patents, and we have applied for patents for our INTRUSION Shield family of solutions. We have also entered into non-disclosure agreements with our suppliers, resellers, and certain customers to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our intellectual property will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology, although it would be extremely difficult to replicate the proprietary and comprehensive internet databases we have developed over the past 25+ years.

We have entered into software and solution license agreements with various suppliers. These license agreements provide us with additional software and hardware components that add value to our cybersecurity solutions. These license agreements do not provide proprietary rights that are unique or exclusive to us and are generally available to other parties on the same or similar terms and conditions, subject to payment of applicable license fees and royalties. We do not consider any of the solution license, software, or supplier agreements to be material to our business, instead, they are complementary to our business and offerings.

Our Competition

The market for network and data protection security solutions is intensely competitive and subject to frequent introductions of new technologies, and potentially improved price and performance characteristics. Industry suppliers compete in areas such as conformity to existing and emerging industry standards, interoperability with networking and other cybersecurity solutions, management and security capabilities, performance, price, ease of use, scalability, reliability, flexibility, features, and technical support. Our principal competitors in the data mining and advanced persistent threat market include Darktrace, Trellix, and Recorded Futures.

There are numerous companies competing in various segments of the data security market. At this time, we have little or no competitors for TraceCop; however, we believe competitors could emerge in the future. These competitors currently perform only a portion of the functions that we can perform with TraceCop. We have been continuously collecting the TraceCop data for more than twenty years, and we believe that none of our current or future competitors will have the ability to provide and reference this historical data. In our newest market segment, data mining and advanced persistent threat detection, we compete directly and indirectly with companies and open-source technologies in the firewall, intrusion detection and prevention, anti-virus, network analysis, endpoint protection, and insider threat prevention areas of cybersecurity technology.

We believe the INTRUSION Shield product line is novel and unique in our industry because of our proprietary threat-enriched big data. We believe that our INTRUSION Shield family of solutions complement our customer’s existing cybersecurity processes and third-party solutions. If the INTRUSION Shield receives widespread acceptance in the market, we anticipate that other businesses will seek to compete with INTRUSION Shield; however, we believe our existing, mature, and proprietary database which is integral to the operation of INTRUSION Shield will be difficult, if not impossible, for other companies in our industry to replicate and will be a significant barrier to entry of competitors in the near- and long-term future of cyber security solutions.

Our Customers: Government Sales

Sales to U.S. government customers accounted for 46.2% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 65.8% of our revenue in 2022. We expect to continue to derive a substantial portion of our revenues from sales to governmental entities in the future as we continue to market our products and data mining products to the government, and we intend to market INTRUSION Shield not only to our long-standing governmental customer base but to expand our efforts to include more traditionally administrative and civilian governmental entities. Sales to government clients present risks in addition to those involved in sales to commercial customers that could adversely affect our revenues, including potential disruption due to irregularities in or interruptions to appropriation and spending patterns, delays in approving a federal budget and the government’s reservation of the right to cancel contracts and purchase orders for its convenience.

We make our sales under purchase orders and contracts. Our customers, including government customers, may cancel their orders or contracts with little or no prior notice and without penalty. Although we transact business with various government entities, we believe that the cancellation of any order in itself could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. Because we derive and expect to continue to derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales to government entities, a large number of cancelled or renegotiated government orders or contracts could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Third-Party Products

We currently utilize commercially available computers and servers from various vendors which we integrate with our software products for implementation into our customer networks. We do not consider any of these third party relationships to be material to the Company’s business or results of operations.

Customer Services

Our solutions may include installation, operation of our technology and threat data interpretation and reporting.

Sales, Marketing and Customers

Field Sales Force. Our sales organization focuses on major account sales, channel partners including distributors, value added resellers (“VARs”) and integrators; promotes our solutions to current and potential customers; and monitors evolving customer requirements. The field sales and technical support force provides training and technical support to our resellers and end users and assists our customers in designing cyber secure data networking solutions. We currently conduct sales and marketing efforts from our principal office in Plano, Texas.

Resellers. Resellers such as domestic and international system integrators and VARs sell our solutions as stand-alone solutions to end users and integrate our solutions with products sold by other vendors into network security systems that are sold to end users. Our field sales force and technical support organization provide support to these resellers. Our agreements with resellers are non-exclusive, and our resellers generally sell other products and solutions that may compete with our solutions. Resellers may place higher priority on products or solutions of other suppliers who are larger and have more name recognition, and there can be no assurance that resellers will continue to sell and support our solutions.

Foreign Sales. Export sales did not account for any revenue in 2023 and 2022.

Marketing. We have implemented several methods to market our solutions, including participation in trade shows and seminars, distribution of sales literature and solution specifications and ongoing communication with our resellers and installed base of end-user customers.

Customers. Our end-user customers include U.S. federal government, state and local government entities, large and diversified conglomerates, and manufacturing entities. Sales to certain customers and groups of customers can be impacted by seasonal capital expenditure approval cycles, and sales to customers within certain geographic regions can be subject to seasonal fluctuations in demand.

In 2023, 46.2% of our revenue was derived from a variety of U.S. government entities through direct sales and indirectly through system integrators and resellers. These sales are attributable to six U.S. Government customers through direct and indirect channels; two U.S. government customers individually exceeded 10% of total revenue in 2023. A reduction in our sales to U.S. government entities could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results if not replaced.

Backlog. We believe that only a small portion of our order backlog is non-cancelable, and that the dollar amount associated with the non-cancelable portion is immaterial. Commercial orders are generally fulfilled within two days to two weeks following receipt of an order. Certain orders may be scheduled over several months, generally not exceeding one year.

Customer Support, Service and Warranty. We service, repair, and provide technical support for our solutions. Our field sales and technical support force works closely with resellers and end-user customers on-site and by telephone to assist with pre- and post- sales support services such as network security design, system installation and technical consulting. By working closely with our customers, our employees increase their understanding of end-user requirements and are then able to provide specific input in our solution development process.

We warrant all our solutions against defects during the service period. Before and after expiration of the solution warranty period, we offer both on-site and factory-based support, parts replacement, and repair services. Extended warranty services are separately invoiced on a time and materials basis or under an annual maintenance contract.

Employees

As of December 31, 2023, we employed a total of forty-nine persons, five of which are part time. None of our employees are represented by a labor organization, and we are not a party to any collective bargaining agreement. Competition in the recruiting of personnel in the networking and data security industry is intense. We believe that our future success will depend in part on our continued ability to hire, motivate and retain qualified management, sales, marketing, and technical personnel.

Our Code of Conduct

The Company’s directors and employees are required to abide by the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which the Company adopted on September 14, 2020, as amended on March 16, 2022 (the “Code”) to ensure that the Company’s business is conducted in a consistently legal and ethical manner and to avoid instances of insider trading. The Code covers areas of professional conduct that include conflicts of interest, fair dealing and the strict adherence to all laws and regulations applicable to the conduct of the Company’s business.

The full text of the amended Code is published on the Company’s website under the investor relations tab at www.intrusion.com. The Company intends to disclose future amendments to, or waivers from, certain provisions of the Codes of Ethics on the Company’s website within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver. Upon the written request of any stockholder, the Company will furnish, without charge, a copy of the Code. This request should be directed to the Company’s Secretary at 101 East Park Blvd., Suite 1200, Plano, TX 75074.

Reverse Stock Split

On March 22, 2024, we effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of our common stock. All share and per share amounts set forth in the Consolidated Financial Statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the split effected in March 2024 as if it had occurred as of the earliest period presented and unless otherwise stated, all other share and per share amounts for all periods presented in this Annual Report have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split effected in March 2024.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

The following are the significant factors that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our common stock. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our Company. Risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Risks Related to our Financial Position and Liquidity

The Company’s ability to implement its current business plan is dependent on our ability to raise additional funds through additional public or private financings, which raises substantial doubt that the Company may not be able to continue as a going concern.

As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $139 thousand and negative working capital of $13.1 million. Our primary source of cash for funding operations in 2023 has come from net proceeds received from a private offering of our common stock and warrants and net proceeds received from our at-the-market (“ATM”) program in an aggregate amount of approximately $7.0 million. To finance our operations and to continue as a going concern, we believe it will be necessary for us to raise additional funds through public or private financings, including the utilization of our ATM program. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to raise additional funds through any future equity or debt financings, and the terms of those financings, if available at all, may be on terms, which are not favorable to us and, in the case of equity financings, will result in dilution to our stockholders.

We are subject to certain contractual and regulatory limitations on our ability to consummate future financings.

Pursuant to that certain securities purchase agreements we entered into in March 2022 with Streeterville Capital, LLC and related issuance of two promissory notes, we agreed to be subject to certain restrictions on our ability to issue securities during the term of the notes issued under the agreement. Specifically, we agreed to obtain Streeterville Capital’s consent prior to issuing any debt securities or certain equity securities where the pricing of such equity securities is tied to the public trading price of our common stock. Furthermore, we also must offer Streeterville the right to purchase up to 10% of future equity and debt securities offerings, subject to certain exceptions and limitations, in each case during the term of any note issued to Streeterville.

Furthermore, unless our public float exceeds $75 million, we will be subject to the restrictions set forth in General Instruction I.B.6 to Form S-3 that limit our ability to conduct primary offerings under a Form S-3 registration statement. Under such limitations, we may not sell, during any 12-month period, securities on Form S-3 having an aggregate market value of more than one-third of our public float. As of March 25, 2024, our public float calculated in accordance with General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 was $6.8 million. These restrictions may delay or prevent us from entering into funding arrangements or being able to access the capital markets on favorable terms or at all.

If we fail to comply with the restrictions and covenants in our March 2022 securities purchase agreement, there could be an event of default under the notes issued thereunder, which could result in an acceleration of payments due under those notes and other consequences.

Failure to meet the restrictions, obligations, and limitations under the March 2022 securities purchase agreement may result in an event of default in accordance with the terms of the notes issued thereunder. An event of default would, among other things, provide the noteholder with the right to increase the outstanding balance by 15% for certain major events of default and 5% for others. Additionally, upon an event of default, the noteholder may consider the note immediately due and payable. Furthermore, upon an event of default, the interest rate may also be increased to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted under applicable law.

We must increase revenue levels in order to finance our current operations and to implement our business strategies.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had a net loss of $13.9 million and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $110.2 million as of December 31, 2023. We need to increase current revenue levels from the sales of our solutions if we are to regain profitability, and our new INTRUSION Shield suite of products may take time to achieve market penetration which could negatively impact future revenues and results of operations. If we are unable to increase revenue levels, losses could continue for the near term and possibly longer, and we may not regain profitability or be able to implement our business plan, fund our liquidity needs, or continue our operations.

Business and Operational Risks

Most of our current revenues are generated from one family of solutions with a limited number of customers, and the decrease of revenue from sales of this family of solutions could materially harm our business and prospects.

Approximately 66.4% of our existing revenues result from sales of TraceCop a cybersecurity solution. TraceCop revenues were $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. We can offer no assurances that our new INTRUSION Shield solution will reduce our dependence on this single solution and in the absence of a shift in solution mix, we may continue to face risks if sales of this key solution to these limited customers were to decrease.

We may not be successful in our efforts to broaden the marketing and sale of the INTRUSION Shield.

We believe that we must expand our sales and marketing efforts for INTRUSION Shield to achieve marketplace acceptance and to generate revenue for the Company. However, these efforts depend, in large part, on the success of our channel partners as they market and sell INTRUSION Shield, which may not be successful. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to leverage channel and strategic partners, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from INTRUSION Shield to improve the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flow position.

The current geo-political climate may add uncertainty in the dealings of our customers and could cause them to delay indefinitely certain cybersecurity initiatives or to determine not to introduce or implement any new or innovative cyber-solution products into their information networks.

Continuing events in many regions around the world have introduced a significant level of uncertainty in the dealings of our current and potential customers that could cause them to be hesitant to implement new cybersecurity initiatives regardless of the efficacy of our INTRUSION Shield product. Further, these entities may also determine not to deploy their cash reserves in the face of such uncertainty. These uncertainties could depress the interest or the ability of companies and governmental entities to test, evaluate, and deploy our INTRUSION Shield in their network environments.

A large percentage of our current revenues are received from U.S. government entities, and the loss of these customers or our failure to widen the scope of our customer base to include general commercial enterprises could negatively affect our revenues.

A substantial percentage of our current revenues result from sales to U.S. government entities. If we were to lose one or more of these customers, our revenues could decline, and our business and prospects may be materially harmed. Further, sales to the government present risks in addition to those involved in sales to commercial customers, including potential disruption due to appropriation and spending patterns, delays in approving a federal budget and the government’s right to cancel contracts and purchase orders for its convenience. The factors that could cause us to lose these U.S. government customers or otherwise materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition, or results of operations include:

	·	budget constraints affecting government spending generally, or specific departments or agencies, and changes in fiscal policies or a reduction of available funding;

	·	re-allocation of government resources;

	·	disruptions in our customers’ ability to access funding from capital markets;

	·	curtailment of governments’ use of outsourced service providers and governments’ in-sourcing of certain services;

	·	the adoption of new laws or regulations pertaining to government procurement;

	·	government appropriations delays or blanket reductions in departmental budgets;

	·	suspension or prohibition from contracting with the government or any significant agency with which we conduct business;

	·	increased use of shorter duration awards, which increases the frequency we may need to recompete for work;

	·	impairment of our reputation or relationships with any significant government agency with which we conduct business;

	·	decreased use of small business set asides or changes to the definition of small business by government agencies;

	·	increased use of lowest-priced, technically acceptable contract award criteria by government agencies;

	·	increased aggressiveness by the government in seeking rights in technical data, computer software, and computer software documentation that we deliver under a contract, which may result in “leveling the playing field” for competitors on follow-on procurements;

	·	delays in the payment of our invoices by government payment offices; and

	·	national or international health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 public health pandemic.

While we expect that developing relationships with non-governmental customers will mitigate or eliminate this dependence on, and risk from, serving governmental entities, we can offer no assurances that we will be able to sufficiently diversify our customer portfolio in a time and manner to adequately mitigate this risk.

A decline in federal, state, or local government spending would likely negatively affect our product revenues and earnings.

The success of the cybersecurity solutions we sell depends substantially on the amount of funds budgeted by federal, state, and local government agencies that make up our current and potential customers. Global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme disruptions in the recent past, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. There can be no assurance that similar disruptions will not occur in the future. Deterioration in general economic conditions may result in lower tax revenues that could lead to reductions in government spending. Poor economic conditions could in turn lead to substantial decreases in our net sales or have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position, and cash flows.

We are highly dependent on sales of our current solutions through indirect channels, the loss of which would materially adversely affect our operations.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, we derived 2.6% and 31.5% of our revenues from sales through indirect sales channels, such as distributors, value-added resellers, system integrators, original equipment manufacturers and managed service providers. We must expand sales of our current solutions as well as any new solutions through these indirect channels in order to increase our revenues. We cannot assure you that our current solutions or future solutions will gain market acceptance in these indirect sales channels or that sales through these indirect sales channels will increase our revenues. Further, many of our competitors are also trying to sell their products and solutions through these indirect sales channels, which could result in lower prices and reduced profit margins for the sales of our solutions.

Our business depends on the continued service of our key management and technical personnel.

Our success depends upon the continued contributions of our key management, sales, marketing, research and development and operational personnel, including Anthony Scott, our President, and Chief Executive Officer; T. Joe Head, our Chief Technology Officer; Kimberly Pinson, our Chief Financial Officer; and other key technical personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of our key employees in the future could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. We also believe our future success will depend upon our ability to attract and retain additional highly skilled management, technical, marketing, research and development, and operational personnel with experience in managing large and rapidly changing companies, as well as training, motivating and supervising employees. The market for hiring and retaining certain technical personnel, including software engineers, has become more competitive and intense in recent years. Failure to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified technical personnel, including software engineers, or retain our key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

We could experience damage to our reputation in the cybersecurity industry in the event that our INTRUSION Shield solution fails to meet our customers’ needs or to achieve market acceptance.

Our reputation in the industry may be harmed if we experience delivery delays, or if our customers do not perceive the benefits of purchasing and using INTRUSION Shield as part of their comprehensive cybersecurity solution, our position as a leader in this technology space may be damaged and could affect the willingness of our customers, as well as potential customers, to purchase our other solutions that function separately from INTRUSION Shield. Any reputational damage could result in a decrease in orders for all our solutions, the loss of current customers, and a decrease in our overall revenues which could in turn have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we fail to respond to rapid technological changes in the network security industry, we may lose customers, or our solutions may become obsolete.

The network security industry is characterized by frequent product and service introductions, rapidly changing technology, and continued evolution of new industry standards. We have and must continue to introduce upgrades to our current solutions rapidly in response to changing circumstances and customer needs such as the creation and introduction of new computer viruses or other novel external attacks on computer networks. Further, our new INTRUSION Shield solution represents our efforts to continue to provide state-of-the art first-in-time innovation for our customer’s cybersecurity solutions. As a result, our success depends upon our ability to develop and introduce timely upgrades, enhancements, and new solutions to meet evolving customer requirements and industry standards. The development of technologically advanced network security products and solutions is a complex and uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation, rapid response, and accurate anticipation of technological and market trends. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify, develop, manufacture, market or support new or enhanced solutions successfully in a timely manner. Further, we or our competitors may introduce new solutions or enhancements that shorten the life cycle of our existing solutions or cause our existing solutions to become obsolete.

We must expend time and resources addressing potential cybersecurity risk, and any breach of our information security safeguards could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The threat of cyber-attacks requires additional time and money to be expended in efforts to prevent any breaches of our information security protocols. However, we can provide no assurances that we can prevent all such attempts from being successful, which could result in expenses to address and remediate such breaches as well as potentially losing the confidence of our customers who depend upon our services to prevent and mitigate such attacks on their respective business. Should a material breach of our information security systems occur, it would likely have a material adverse impact on our business operations, our customer relations, and our current and future sales prospects, resulting in a significant loss of revenue.

A breach of network security could harm public perception of our cybersecurity solutions, which could cause us to lose revenues.

If an actual or perceived breach of network security occurs in the network of a customer of our cybersecurity solutions, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to our solutions, the market perception of the effectiveness of our solutions could be harmed. This could cause us to lose current and potential end customers or cause us to lose current and potential value-added resellers and distributors. Because the techniques used by computer hackers to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques.

If our solutions do not interoperate with our customers’ networks, installations will be delayed or cancelled and could harm our business.

Our solutions are designed to interface with our customers’ existing networks, each of which has different specifications and utilize multiple protocol standards and products or solutions from other vendors. Many of our customers’ networks contain multiple generations of products that have been added over time as these networks have grown and evolved. Our solutions will be required to interoperate with many products and solutions within these networks as well as future products or solutions to meet our customers’ requirements. If we find errors in the existing software or defects in the hardware used in our customers’ networks, we may have to modify our software or hardware to fix or overcome these errors so that our solutions will interoperate and scale with the existing software and hardware, which could be costly and negatively impact our operating results. In addition, if our solutions do not interoperate with those of our customers’ networks, demand for our solutions could be adversely affected, orders for our solutions could be cancelled, or our solutions could be returned. This could hurt our operating results, damage our reputation, and seriously harm our business and prospects.

We face intense competition from both start-up and established companies that may have significant advantages over us and our solutions.

The market for our solutions is intensely competitive. There are numerous companies competing with us in various segments of the data security markets, and their products or solutions may have advantages over our solutions in areas such as conformity to existing and emerging industry standards, interoperability with networking and other cybersecurity products, management and security capabilities, performance, price, ease of use, scalability, reliability, flexibility, features, and technical support.

Our principal competitors in the data mining and advanced persistent threat market include Darktrace, Trellix, and Recorded Futures. Our current and potential competitors may have one or more of the following significant advantages over us:

	·	greater financial, technical, and marketing resources;
	·	better name recognition;
	·	more comprehensive security solutions;
	·	better or more extensive cooperative relationships; and
	·	larger customer base.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with our existing or new competitors. Some of our competitors may have, in relation to us, one or more of the following:

	·	longer operating histories;
	·	longer-standing relationships with OEM and end-user customers; and
	·	greater customer service, public relations, and other resources.

As a result, these competitors may be able to more quickly develop or adapt to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, or devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products or solutions. Additionally, it is likely that new competitors or alliances among existing competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.

If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may decline.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. Further, we are required to report any changes in internal controls on a quarterly basis. In addition, we are required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”).

If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we assert that our internal control over financial reporting is ineffective, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of the common stock could be negatively affected. We also could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”), or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources, and could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

Scarcity of products and materials in the supply chain could hinder or prevent the deployment of our INTRUSION Shield for our customers who elect to use the wired version of our solution.

Should any of the component parts required for the hardware interface our customers use to access and to utilize the INTRUSION Shield product become scarce, we may have to delay or cancel our fulfillment of orders that could defer potential revenues or even result in customer cancellations, which would have a negative effect on our financial position and results of operations.

We incur significantly increased costs because of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance matters and initiatives.

As a public company with an obligation to file reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act, we incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we would not incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act imposes various requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur to meet our additional disclosure obligations under the Exchange Act or the timing of such costs.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. We report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, in the first Annual Report on Form 10-K following the date on which we no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company, we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts including the potential of hiring additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

Investment Risks

We experience volatility in the market for our common stock, particularly with respect to swings in the market price as well as volatility in the trading of our common stock.

We experience significant shifts in the market value of our common stock as it trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq") as well as volatility in the trading volume of our shares on that market. For example, the market price of our common stock fluctuated between $78.00 and $4.40 during the year ended December 31, 2023. These fluctuations may result in a hesitancy for investors to purchase and hold shares of our common stock, continued depression of the market value of our stock, and ultimately negatively affect our ability to raise capital through the issuance and sale of our common stock, particularly through our At the Market (“ATM”) program or otherwise.

Nasdaq may delist our common stock from trading on its exchange, which could limit stockholders’ ability to trade our common stock.

Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market, which requires us to meet certain financial, public float, bid price and liquidity standards on an ongoing basis to continue the listing of our common stock. If we fail to meet these continued listing requirements, our common stock may be subject to delisting.

On September 26, 2023, the Company received the Notification Letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock over the thirty consecutive trading days from August 14, 2023, through September 25, 2023, had fallen below $1.00 per share and therefore, was not in compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement.

On October 26, 2023, we received a letter from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff Determination”) notifying us that, based on the Company's non-compliance with the $35 million minimum value listing standard for continued listing on the Nasdaq, as set forth in Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(b)(2), the Company’s securities are subject to delisting from Nasdaq.

The Company requested a hearing before the Hearings Panel. This hearing was held on February 1, 2024, at which time the Company presented a plan to regain and sustain compliance with all the applicable requirements for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. The Hearings Panel granted the Company an extension until April 23, 2024, in which to regain compliance and cure the deficiencies for continued listing.

The Company is executing a plan to gain compliance with an alternative Nasdaq listing criteria, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the equity standard) which requires a minimum of $2.5 million in net equity. Pursuant to this multi-step plan, the Company: 1) is continuing to utilize its ATM program, 2) closed on a private offering in November 2023 and is anticipating closing on an additional private offering of common stock in the near term, 3) sent warrant inducement letters to warrant holders from the Company’s 2022 registered direct offering and the November 2023 private offering temporarily reducing the exercise price of the outstanding warrants and 4) through a series of three transactions in the fourth quarter 2023 and two transactions in March 2024 exchanged $10.0 million in senior debt for $750 thousand in common stock and $9.3 million new preferred Series A stock.

In order to increase the share price of our common stock above the $1.00 Minimum Bid Requirement, we completed a reverse stock split of one share for twenty which was effective on March 22, 2024.

All of these steps combined provide a path for regaining compliance, however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain or maintain compliance with either Nasdaq listing criteria.

If our common stock is delisted and we are not able to list our common stock on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities would be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including limited availability of market quotations for our common stock and reduced liquidity for the trading of our securities. In addition, we could experience a decreased ability to issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.

Our equity incentive plans allow us to issue stock options and award shares of our common stock. We may in the future create additional equity incentive plans, which may at that time require us to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to cover the issuance of shares upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted or otherwise purchased under those plans. As a result, any shares issued or granted under the plans may be freely tradable in the public market. If equity securities are issued under the plans, if implemented, and it is perceived that they will be sold in the public market, then the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and have no plans to do so in the future.

Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board. To date, we have paid no cash dividends on our shares of common stock, and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operations of our business. Therefore, any return investors in our common stock may have will be in the form of appreciation, if any, in the market value of their shares of common stock.

Risks Related to our Intellectual Property

We must adequately protect our intellectual property to prevent loss of valuable proprietary information.

We rely primarily on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, and non-disclosure agreements to protect our proprietary technology. However, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our solutions or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our solutions is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property. This is particularly true in foreign countries whose laws may not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S. and may not provide us with an effective remedy against unauthorized use. If protection of our intellectual property proves to be inadequate or unenforceable, others may be able to use our proprietary developments without compensation to us, resulting in potential cost advantages to our competitors.

We may incur substantial expenses defending ourselves against claims of infringement.

There are numerous patents held by many companies relating to the design and manufacture of network security systems. Third parties may claim that our solutions infringe on their intellectual property rights. Any claim, with or without merit, could consume our management’s time, result in costly litigation, cause delays in sales or implementations of our solutions or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Royalty and licensing agreements, if required and available, may be on terms unacceptable to us or detrimental to our business. Moreover, a successful claim of product infringement against us or our failure or inability to license the infringed or similar technology on commercially reasonable terms could seriously harm our business.

Our solutions are highly technical and if they contain undetected errors, our business could be adversely affected, and we might have to defend lawsuits or pay damages in connection with any alleged or actual failure of our solutions and services.

Our solutions are highly technical and complex, are critical to the operation of many networks and, in the case of ours, provide and monitor network security and may protect valuable information. Our solutions have contained and may contain one or more undetected errors, defects, or security vulnerabilities. Some errors in our solutions may only be discovered after a solution has been installed and used by end customers. Any errors or security vulnerabilities discovered in our solutions after commercial release could result in loss of revenues or delay in revenue recognition, loss of customers and increased service and warranty cost, any of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, we could face claims for product liability, tort, or breach of warranty. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management’s attention. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage is inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our financial condition could be harmed.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

We recognize the importance of securing our data and information systems and have a process for assessing, mitigating and managing cybersecurity and related risks.

Our VP of Engineering, who reports to the CEO, leads our cybersecurity function and is responsible for managing our cybersecurity risk and the protection of our networks, systems, and data. The VP of Engineering uses both internal and external resources to execute this process including our own INTRUSION Shield technology, to help prevent, identify, escalate, investigate, and resolve security incidents in a timely manner. The Company, with the oversight of the CTO, also requires all employees to complete an annual cybersecurity training course.

Our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing our enterprise risk management activities. The Board of Directors receives an update on the Company’s risk management process and the risk trends related to cybersecurity at least annually.

Item 2. Properties.

Our corporate headquarters are currently located in 10,705 square feet of space at 101 East Park Blvd, Suite 1200, Plano Texas. This facility houses our corporate administration, engineering, sales, and marketing operations. The lease for this facility extends until March 2035. We also have engineers and other employees working remotely in Texas as well as several other states.

We believe that the existing facility will be adequate to meet our operational requirements through the expiration of the lease. We believe that our property insurance provides adequate coverage for our leased facilities. See Note 5 – Right-of-use Asset and Leasing Liabilities to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our obligations under leases.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Class Action Litigation

On April 16, 2021, a class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Sherman Division, captioned Celeste v. Intrusion Inc. et al., Case No. 4:21-cv-00307 (E.D. Tex.) against us, our now-former chief financial officer, and now-former chief executive officer alleging, among other things, that the defendants made false and/or misleading statements or omissions about our business, operations, and prospects in violation of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, as well as Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The Celeste lawsuit claimed compensatory damages and legal fees.

On May 14, 2021, a related class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Sherman Division, captioned Neely v. Intrusion Inc., et al., Case No. 4:12-cv-00374 (E.D. Tex.) against us, our now-former chief financial officer, and now-former chief executive officer. The Neely lawsuit alleged the same violations under the federal securities laws as those alleged in the Celeste lawsuit. The Neely lawsuit also sought compensatory damages and legal fees.

On November 23, 2021, the Court consolidated the Celeste and Neely actions, and appointed a lead plaintiff and lead plaintiff’s counsel. The lead plaintiff filed his amended complaint on February 7, 2022.

The parties to the consolidated class action held a mediation on April 5, 2022, at the conclusion of which the parties executed a settlement term sheet setting forth the material terms associated with the resolution of the action, subject to the preparation of formal documents and a plan of distribution approved by the Court. The settlement agreement was subject to certain terms and conditions and received final approval by the Court on December 16, 2022. At that time, a final judgement was entered dismissing the case, with the Court retaining jurisdiction over the action for purposes of enforcing the terms of the class settlement agreement. The $3.3 million settlement was paid by our insurance provider under our insurance policy as our retention had previously been exhausted.

The lead plaintiff in the class action filed a motion for distribution of settlement funds on February 21, 2023. The court approved the parties’ class action settlement and plan of allocation on March 22, 2023, and cancelled the previously-rescheduled March 31, 2023, hearing on the motion for distribution, all remaining matters in the class action then-pending have been fully and finally adjudicated.

Securities Investigation

On August 8, 2021, we received a notification from the SEC, Division of Enforcement, that it was conducting an investigation captioned In the Matter of Intrusion Inc. and requesting we produce certain documents and information. On November 9, 2021, the SEC served a subpoena to us in connection with this investigation which formally requested substantially similar information as in the prior request. On September 26, 2023, we consented to the entry of final judgment, in the act styled Securities and Exchange Commission v Intrusion Inc, No. 4:23-CV-00859 (E.D. Tex. Filed September 26, 2023). On October 5, 2023, the court approved the final judgment with no penalties assessed against the Company.

Stockholder Derivative Claim

On June 3, 2022, a stockholder derivative complaint was filed in U.S. District Court, District of Delaware by plaintiff Nathan Prawitt (the “Plaintiff Stockholder”) on behalf of Intrusion against certain of our current and former officers and directors (collectively the “Defendants”). Plaintiff alleges that Defendants through various actions breached their fiduciary duties, wasted corporate assets, and unjustly enriched Defendants by (a) incurring costs and expenses in connection with the ongoing SEC investigation, (b) incurring costs and expenses to defend us with respect to the consolidated class action, (c) settling class-wide liability with respect to the consolidated class action, as well as ancillary claims regarding sales of our common stock by certain of the Defendants. On September 28, 2023, we agreed to settle the claim. On October 2, 2023, public notice of the settlement agreement was given. The settlement agreement provides in part for (i) an amendment to our Bylaws, committee Charters, and other applicable corporate policies to implement certain measures set forth more fully therein, to remain in effect for no less than three years; (ii) attorneys’ fees and expenses to plaintiff’s counsel of $0.3 million; and (iii) the dismissal of all claims against the Defendants, including the Company, in connection with the action. The $0.3 million settlement payment was paid by our insurance provider under our insurance policy since our $0.5 million retention was previously exhausted. A hearing is scheduled for April 3, 2024, to obtain court approval of the settlement, agreement for the court to rule upon any objections to the proposed settlement, and for entry of final judgment in the matter.

In addition to these legal proceedings, we are subject to various other claims that may arise in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that any claims exist where the outcome of such matters would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, operating results, or cash flows. However, there can be no assurance such legal proceedings will not have a material impact on our future results.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Business Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market, where it is currently listed under the symbol “INTZ.” As of March 25, 2024, there were approximately ninety-five registered holders of record of our common stock. The Company does not have a history of paying dividends on its common stock and has no present intention to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

All equity compensation plans under which our common stock is reserved for issuance have previously been approved by our stockholders. The following table provides summary information as of December 31, 2023, for all our equity compensation plans (in thousands, except per share data). See Note 10 – Stock-Based Compensation to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion.

	Number of shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options⁽¹⁾		Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options		Number of shares unvested restricted stock		Weighted average grant date fair value		No. of shares of common stock remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		50	$	62.40		11	$	26.20		82
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		–		–		–		–		–
Total		50	$	62.40		11	$	26.20		82

(1)

Included in the outstanding options are 4 from the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, twenty from the 2015 Stock Option Plan and twenty-six from the 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

General

The following discussion and analysis include information management believes is relevant to understand and assess our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This section should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements, accompanying notes and the risk factors contained in this report.

Overview

Intrusion Inc. offers businesses of all sizes and industries products and services that leverage the Company’s exclusive threat intelligence database of over 8.5 billion IP addresses and domain names. After many years of gathering intelligence and providing our INTRUSION TraceCop and Savant solutions exclusively to government entities, we released our first commercial product in 2021, the INTRUSION Shield. INTRUSION Shield was designed to allow businesses to incorporate a Zero Trust, reputation-based security solution into their existing infrastructure to observe traffic flow and instantly block known malicious or unknown connections from both entering or exiting a network, making it an ideal solution for protecting from Zero-Day and ransomware attacks.

Much of 2022 was spent improving the INTRUSION Shield On-Premise performance and developing the Shield Cloud and End-Point solutions, both of which were released in September 2022. During 2023, our primary focus has been building out our sales reseller and channel platform and working with those partners to 1) increase our sales pipeline and 2) progress customer prospects, leads and opportunities through the sales lifecycle. Gaining traction with our Shield solutions has taken longer than initially anticipated. We feel that the progress made with our reseller and channel community along with refining our product messaging will help to shorten the sales cycle and grow revenues in future periods.

As discussed in more detail below, on December 31, 2023, we had $0.1 million in cash. If we are not able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on terms and conditions acceptable to us, we may be unable to implement our business plan, fund our liquidity needs or even continue our operations.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022

	Year Ended December 31,						Change
(in thousands)	2023			2022			$			%
Revenue	$	5,611		$	7,529			(1,918	)		-25.5%
Cost of Revenue		1,257			3,354			(2,097	)		-62.5%

Gross Profit		4,354			4,175			179			4.3%

Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing		5,670			6,510			(840	)		-12.9%
Research and development		5,556			6,465			(909	)		-14.1%
General and administrative		5,174			7,483			(2,309	)		-30.9%

Operating Loss		(12,046	)		(16,283	)		4,237			26.0%

Interest and Other Income		43			2,028			(1,985	)		-97.9%
Interest Expense		(1,888	)		(2,359	)		471			20.0%
Gain on Lease Termination		–			385			(385	)		-100.0%

Loss Before Income Taxes		(13,891	)		(16,229	)		2,338			14.4%
Income Tax		–			–			–			–
Net Loss	$	(13,891	)	$	(16,229	)		2,338			14.4%

Revenues

Total revenue decreased $1.9 million or 25.5% to $5.6 million in 2023 from $7.5 million in 2022. Consulting revenues decreased $2.3 million primarily resulting from the loss of a contract in the fourth quarter 2022 in which Intrusion’s prime sponsor chose not to renew the final option year of a contract that had been in place since 2018. This contract represented annual revenue totaling $2.6 million. While the loss of this contract significantly impacted Intrusion’s top-line revenue, the gross margin on this contract was 14% and, as a result, had a marginal impact on profitability. We are continuing to pursue new consulting opportunities and expect to see an increase in consulting revenues in 2024. The decline in consulting revenues was partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million in Shield revenues as a result of the expanded use of Shield from existing customers and new customers signed in 2023.

We announced a $5 million multi-year Shield award in October 2023. The rollout of the Shield services to this customer has been delayed due to factors outside of our control, we expect this project to be back on track beginning in the second quarter 2024. Additionally, we were informed by our largest Shield customer that they will not be renewing their contract. This customer was one of the original users of the product and had a non-standard custom implementation of INTRUSION Shield that is no longer supported. This non-renewal will impact revenues beginning in the second quarter 2024. We are beginning to see traction with our Shield products with multiple Shield sales that, essentially, are paid proof of values which have the potential for significant Shield sales growth beyond the initial engagement. On December 31, 2023, our Shield opportunities comprised a large percentage of our sales pipeline.

Concentration of Revenues.

Revenues from sales to various U.S. government entities totaled $2.6 million, or 46.2% of revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $5.0 million, or 65.8% of revenues, for the same period in 2022. In 2023 we had two government entities that individually accounted for over 10% of our revenues compared to three in 2022. Sales to commercial customers totaled $3.0 million or 53.8% of total revenue for year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2.6 million or 34.2% of total revenue for the same period in 2022. Two commercial customers individually accounted for over 10% of total revenues in both 2023 and 2022. We have increased our Shield sales and marketing efforts by expanding our reseller channels. We anticipate our concentration of revenues will vary among customers in future periods depending upon the timing of certain sales, we anticipate that sales to government customers, while comprising a significant portion of our revenues in future periods, will represent a lower percentage of our revenue base as we gain traction selling our Shield products into commercial markets.

Sales to the government present risks in addition to those involved in sales to commercial customers which could adversely affect our revenues, including, without limitation, potential disruption to appropriation and spending patterns and the government’s reservation of the right to cancel contracts and purchase orders for its convenience. Fourth quarter 2023 revenues declined 7% sequentially from third quarter 2023 primarily due to the continuing resolution and the absence of an approved federal budget, which has resulted in many new spending decisions from government customers being delayed. Specifically, a long-standing Department of Defense contract has not been funded for the 2024 government fiscal year, this resulted in lower consulting revenues in the fourth quarter and has also impacted first quarter 2024 revenues. Currently, we are not aware of any additional proposed cancellation or renegotiation of any of our existing arrangements with government entities and, historically, cancellations or renegotiated orders by government entities have not resulted in a material adverse effect on our business.

The Company’s similar product and service offerings are not viewed as individual segments, as its management analyzes the business as a whole and expenses are not allocated to each product offering.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the 12-months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 totaled $4.4 million or 77.6% compared to $4.2 million or 55.5%. The significantly improved gross margin in 2023 is mostly due to the loss of the low margin contract discussed above and Shield revenues representing a larger percentage of revenues, 28.4% compared to 15.6% in 2022. To the extent Shield revenues become a larger percentage of revenues, we anticipate we will continue to see favorable growth in gross profit margins.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023, totaled $16.4 million, a decrease of 19.8% when compared to $20.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The year over year change was most notably due to the reduced legal expense associated with the various litigation matters that arose in 2021 that for the most part are fully settled, and reduced contractor labor and employee costs. Employee headcount on December 31, 2023, totaled forty-nine compared to sixty-seven on December 31, 2022.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses decreased to $5.7 million in 2023, compared to $6.5 million in 2022. Certain discretionary marketing spends inclusive of participation in trade shows, utilization of third-party contractors for content and product messaging and travel, are likely to vary over time based on savings initiatives that may be necessary.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased to $5.6 million in 2023 compared to $6.5 million in 2022. Many of the cost reduction measures taken in 2023 related to research and development costs. Research and development costs may vary over time as we determine the frequency of new releases, improved functionality and enhancements needed to be competitive with our product offering.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses totaled $5.2 million in 2023 compared to $7.5 million in 2022. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to a reduction in legal costs of $1.4 million associated with various litigation matters that arose in 2021 and continued through 2023. The majority of all matters have since settled as described in more detail in Item 3. Legal Proceedings of this report. In late 2022 we hired an in-house General Counsel which also contributed to the reduced outside legal costs in 2023. Other factors contributing to the decreased spend include (i) reduced use of consultants and contractors in 2023, (ii) recruiting fees incurred in the 2022 period, and (iii) voluntary temporary reductions in director and officer compensation. Insurance expense for our Directors’ and Officers’ insurance policy increased in 2023 when compared to 2022 as a result of the class action lawsuits and related claims activity and, increasing coverage limits for our new policy year.

Interest Expense

Our interest expense consists primarily of interest related to the Streeterville notes entered into in March and June of 2022 and related debt issuance cost amortization as well as interest expense from finance leases. Interest expense for 2023 totaled $1.9 million, a decrease of $0.5 million. The decrease primarily relates to the reversal of interest recorded to accrete the value of the Streeterville notes to the stock-settled value for potential redemptions paid in stock as no redemption payments in cash or stock were made in 2023.

Interest and Other Income

Interest and other income were negligible in 2023. 2022 included $2.0 million related to the Cares Act Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”).

Gain on Lease Termination

In 2022 we recorded a gain of $0.4 million relating to the settlement of our lease abandonment lawsuit.

Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was 0% in 2023 and 2022 as valuation allowances have been recorded for the entire amount of the net deferred tax assets due to uncertainty of realization.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 (in thousands) were:

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(7,767	)	$	(13,190	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,448	)		(1,479	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		6,339			13,584
Change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(2,876	)	$	(1,085	)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, was ($7.8) million due to a net loss of ($13.9) million, offset by 1) adjustments for non-cash items of $4.7 million which are mostly comprised of depreciation, stock-based compensation, and interest related to Streeterville notes and 2) $1.4 million provided from working capital principally relating to the cash receipt of amounts due relating to ERC.

Net cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, was ($13.2) million due to a net loss of ($16.2) million offset by adjustments for non-cash items of $5.0 million which are mostly comprised of depreciation, stock-based compensation and interest related to Streeterville notes, and changes in working capital consisting primarily of a reduction in trade receivables of $0.5 million; an increase in other receivables relating principally to the remaining ERC refund outstanding ($1.5) million; an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses $0.2 million; and a decrease in operating lease liabilities ($1.0) million.

Investing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was ($1.4) million, which was principally the capitalization of internally developed software.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, totaled ($1.5) million and was primarily related to capitalized internal use software of ($1.2) million for the new Shield Cloud and End Point solutions as well as enhancements to the Shield On-Premise solution and, the purchase of equipment for use with the Shield On-Premise solution, in the data center and by employees of ($0.3) million.

Financing Activities

For year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $6.3 million which consisted principally of proceeds from sales of common stock using our ATM program of $4.7 million and a private placement in November 2023 of $2.3 million offset partially by a $0.4 million paydown on the Streeterville notes.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Primary sources of cash from financing activities included proceeds from the issuance of the two Streeterville notes payable, net of issuance costs, equal to $9.3 million (see Note 6 Notes Payable to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K), net proceeds received from our registered direct offering of $4.3 million, net proceeds from issuance of shares from our ATM program of $2.0 million, and proceeds received from a private placement sale of common stock equal to $0.1 million. Funds used in financing activities included ($1.5) million in principal repayments on the Streeterville notes payable and ($0.6) million payments on equipment financing leases.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $0.1 million and a working capital deficit of ($13.1) million. We need to raise additional funds to continue operations and comply with our financial obligations.

We are executing a plan to regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing standards as described more fully in Item 1A Risk Factors. This multi-step plan includes: 1) continued utilization of our ATM program, 2) private offerings of common stock, 3) a warrant inducement offer for the sale of common stock at a reduced exercise price to warrant holders from the Company’s 2022 registered direct offering and November 2023 private offerings, and 4) a series of three transactions in the fourth quarter 2023 and two transactions in March 2024 exchanging $10.0 million in senior debt for $750 thousand in common stock and $9.3 million new preferred Series A stock. While the debt for equity exchanges does not provide funding for operations, it substantially deleverages the company and reduces the working capital deficit. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to close on or obtain such financing on acceptable terms or at all and, in the case of equity or equity-linked financings, such financings will result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

Our principal sources of cash for funding operations in 2023 has been net proceeds received from sales of common stock using our ATM program of $4.7 million, a private placement offering completed in November 2023 of $2.3 million, and net funds through changes in working capital which includes receipt of the remaining ERC refund in the March quarter of $1.4 million. Our principal source of cash for funding operations and growth in 2022 was issuance of the two Streeterville notes which contributed $9.3 million, net of issuance costs, and $6.4 million from the sale and issuance of common stock and warrants.

ATM Program

B. Riley Securities, Inc. acts as sales agent under our ATM program, which allows us to potentially sell up to $50.0 million of our common stock using the shelf-registration statement on Form S-3 filed on August 5, 2021. On April 11, 2023, as a result of limitations under General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, and in agreement with the terms of the sales agreement, the Company revised the aggregate offering price of shares of common stock that we can sell pursuant to the ATM program to $15.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we received $4.7 million, net of fees for sales of common stock pursuant to the program.

For as long as our public float is less than $75 million, we will be subject to the limitations set forth in General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, which limit our ability to conduct primary offerings. Under such limitations, we may not sell, during any 12-month period, securities on Form S-3 having an aggregate market value of more than one-third of our public float. As of March 25, 2024, our public float calculated in accordance with General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 was $6.8 million.

Notes Payable

We entered into a securities purchase agreement (“SPA”) with Streeterville on March 10, 2022, pursuant to which Streeterville purchased two promissory notes with substantively identical terms. Streeterville purchased the first note on March 10, 2022, and the second note on June 29, 2022, each note with an aggregate principal amount of $5.4 million in exchange for $5.0 million less certain expenses. We received an aggregate of approximately $9.3 million, net of transaction expenses, in connection with these issuances.

In 2023 and 2022 we made $0.4 million and $1.5 million in principal payments, respectively. In the fourth quarter 2023 through 3 separate transactions, we exchanged $0.6 million in aggregate principal on the First Note for 93.6 thousand shares of our common stock. In March 2024, we exchanged $0.2 million in principal for 52.2 thousand shares of common stock. Also in March 2024, we exchanged $9.3 million in principle for 9,275 shares of our newly created Series A preferred stock. The issuance of both common and preferred shares was made pursuant to the exemption from the registration requirements afforded by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. The Series A preferred stock has a stated value of $1,100 per share and is subject to the preferences and designations as more fully described in our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation filed on March 15, 2024. Following the exchanges noted herein, the remaining balance on the First Note was $0.5 million. The maturity date for the First Note is September 2024.

There can be no assurance that we will improve our liquidity position or our ability to make redemption or principal payments.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to credit losses, income taxes, warranty obligations, maintenance contracts and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Capitalized Software Development

We capitalize internally developed software using the Agile software development methodology which allows us to accurately track, and record costs associated with new software development and enhancements.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 250-40 Internal Use Software Accounting Capitalization, certain development costs related to our products during the application development stage are capitalized as part of property and equipment. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. The preliminary stage includes such activities as conceptual formulation of alternatives, evaluation of alternatives, determination of existence of needed technology, and the final selection of alternatives. Once the application development stage is reached, internal and external costs are capitalized until the software is complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize product revenue upon shipment or after meeting certain performance obligations. These products can include hardware, software subscriptions and consulting services. Most of our sales are from consulting services. We also offer software on a subscription basis subject to SaaS. Warranty costs have not been material.

We recognize sales of its consulting services in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 whereby revenue from contracts with customers are recognized once the criteria under the five steps below are met:

	i)	identification of the contract with a customer;

	ii)	identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

	iii)	determination of the transaction price;

	iv)	allocation of the transaction price to the separate performance obligations; and

	v)	recognition of revenue upon satisfaction of a performance obligation.

Consulting services including reporting are typically done monthly, and revenue is matched accordingly. Product sales may include maintenance and customer support allocated revenue in an arrangement using estimated selling prices of the delivered goods and services based on a selling price hierarchy using the relative selling price method. All product offering and service offering market values are readily determined based on current and prior stand-alone sales. We defer and recognize maintenance, updates, and support revenue over the term of the contract period, which is generally one year.

Normal payment terms offered to customers, distributors and resellers are net 30 days domestically. We do not offer payment terms that extend beyond one year and rarely extend payment terms beyond our normal terms. If certain customers do not meet our credit standards, we require payment in advance to limit our credit exposure.

With our newest product, INTRUSION Shield, we began offering software on a subscription basis. INTRUSION Shield is a hosted arrangement subject to SaaS guidance under ASC Topic 606. SaaS arrangements are accounted for as subscription services not arrangements that transfer a license of intellectual property.

We utilize the five-step process, mentioned above, per ASC Topic 606 to recognize sales and will follow that directive, also, to define revenue items as individual and distinct. INTRUSION Shield services provided to our customers for a fixed monthly subscription fee include:

	·	access to Intrusion’s proprietary software and database to detect and prevent unauthorized access to our clients’ information networks;
	·	use of all software, associated media, printed materials, data, files, online documentation, and any equipment that Intrusion provides for customers to access the INTRUSION Shield; and
	·	tech support, post contract customer support (“PCS”) including daily program releases or corrections provided by Intrusion without additional charge.

Our contract provides for no other services, and our customers have no rebates or return rights, nor are any such rights anticipated to be offered as part of this service.

We satisfy our performance obligation when our INTRUSION Shield solution is available to detect and prevent unauthorized access to a client’s information networks. Revenue is recognized monthly over the term of the contract. The Company’s standard initial contract terms automatically renew unless notice is given 30 days before renewal. Upfront payment of fees is deferred and amortized into income over the period covered by the contract.

Allowances for Credit Losses

We maintain allowances for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Our receivables are uncollateralized, and we expect to continue this policy in the future. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, increased allowances may be required. Historically, our estimate for sales returns and credit losses have not differed materially from actual results.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We calculate the fair value of our assets and liabilities which qualify as financial instruments and include additional information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. Notes payable and financing and operating leases approximate fair value as they bear market rates of interest. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K).

Item 8. Financial Statements.

The information required by this Item 8 begins on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s evaluation included an assessment of elements such as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and the Company’s overall control environment. Based on its evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the year ended December 31, 2023, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Company reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report. This report shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section and is not incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

The Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

PART III

Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this Form 10-K because we will file a definitive Proxy Statement for our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders pursuant to Regulation 14A (the “Proxy Statement”) no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and certain information to be included therein is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.

SEC Form 10-K filed by Intrusion Inc.