uboh20221231c

uboh20221231c_10k.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File No.: 000-29283

UNITED BANCSHARES, INC.

(exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio	34-1516518
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer I.D. No.)
incorporation or organization)

105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, Ohio 45830

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (419) 659-2141

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s	Name of Each Exchange
Common Stock, No Par Value	UBOH	OTCQX Market

(Title of class)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller Reporting Company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $77,916,547, based upon the last sales price as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market as of June 30, 2022.

The number of shares of Common Stock, no par value outstanding as of February 28, 2023: 3,136,180

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 are incorporated by reference into Part II. Portions of the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 26, 2023are incorporated by reference into Part III.

Forward Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the "Act") provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their companies, so long as those statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the statement. From time to time, we have made or will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act. These statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Certain information, particularly information regarding future economic performance and finances and plans and objectives of management, contained or incorporated by reference in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, is forward-looking. Forward-looking statements usually can be identified by the use of words such as “goal,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “strategy,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “believe,” “estimate,” or other words of similar meaning, or by words or phrases indicating that an event or trend “may,” “should,” “will,” “is likely,” or that an event or trend is “probable” to occur or “continue,” has “begun,” “is scheduled,” or is “on track.” Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. Our disclosures in this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We may also make forward-looking statements in our other documents filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Forward-looking statements are not historical facts and, by their nature, are subject to assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results may differ materially from those set forth in our forward-looking statements. There is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those described in forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to:

	●	deterioration of commercial real estate market fundamentals;
	●	defaults by our loan counterparties or trends;
	●	adverse changes in credit quality trends;
	●	declining asset prices;
	●	our ability to accurately estimate collateral values, future levels of nonperforming loans, and other borrower fundamentals as part of our credit review process;
	●	changes in local, regional and international business, economic or political conditions affecting the regions in which we operate;
	●	the extensive and increasing regulation of the U.S. financial services industry;
	●	changes in accounting policies, rules and interpretations;
	●	increasing capital and liquidity standards under applicable regulatory rules;
	●	unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, including but not limited to, changes in the cost of liquidity, our ability to enter the financial markets and to secure alternative funding sources;
	●	our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiary, The Union Bank Company;
	●	breaches of security or failures of our technology systems due to technological or other factors and cybersecurity threats;
	●	operational or risk management failures by us or critical third-parties;
	●	adverse judicial proceedings;
	●	the occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or conflicts or terrorist attacks;
	●	a reversal of the U.S. economic recovery due to financial, political or other shocks;
	●	our ability to anticipate interest rate changes and manage interest rate risk;
	●	deterioration of economic conditions in the geographic regions where we operate;
	●	the soundness of other financial institutions;
	●	our ability to attract and retain talented executives and employees and to manage our reputational risks;
	●	our ability to timely and effectively implement our strategic initiatives; and
	●	increased competitive pressure due to industry consolidation.

Any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of subsequent events or circumstances. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider all risks and uncertainties disclosed in our SEC filings, including this report on Form 10-K and our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and 8-K and any other filings made with the SEC, all of which are or will upon filing be accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.theubank.com.

INDEX

		Page(s)
Part I
Item 1.	Business	4-16
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17-23
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	24
Item 2.	Properties	24
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	25
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25


Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	25
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	25
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	25
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	25
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	26
Item 9B.	Other Information	26


Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance of the Registrant	27
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	33
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	37
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence	39
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	40


Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	40


Signatures		42

PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

United Bancshares, Inc. (“UBOH”), an Ohio corporation, organized in 1985, is headquartered in Columbus Grove, Ohio. We are a financial holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), with consolidated total assets of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2022. UBOH is regulated as a one-bank holding company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and its principal asset and operating subsidiary is The Union Bank Company, an Ohio state chartered commercial bank (“Union Bank”). United Bancshares' primary objective is to be a high-performing, relationship-focused financial institution by concentrating its efforts on serving the financial needs of consumers and small businesses in the communities that it serves. As of December 31, 2022, UBOH and its subsidiary (collectively the “Corporation”) employed approximately 211 full-time equivalent employees.

United Bancshares, Inc.’s common stock has traded on theOTCQX Market under the symbol “UBOH” since August 2022.

The Company's core business operations are conducted through its subsidiaries:

Union Bank

Union Bank is an Ohio state-chartered bank supervised by the State of Ohio, Division of Financial Institutions (the “ODFI”), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Union Bank is a full service community bank offering a full range of commercial and consumer banking services.

Deposit services include checking accounts, savings and money market accounts; certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts. Additional supportive services include online banking, bill pay, mobile banking, Zelle payment service, ATM’s and safe deposit box rentals. Treasury management and remote deposit capture products are also available to commercial deposit customers. Deposits of Union Bank are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund, which is administered by the FDIC.

Loan products offered include commercial and residential real estate loans, agricultural loans, commercial and industrial loans, home equity loans, various types of consumer loans and small business administration loans. Union Bank’s residential loan activities consist primarily of loans for purchasing or refinancing personal residences. The majority of these loans are sold to the secondary market.

Wealth management services are offered by Union Bank through an arrangement with LPL Financial LLC, a registered broker/dealer. Licensed representatives offer a full range of investment services and products, including financial needs analysis, mutual funds, securities trading, annuities and life insurance.

Union Bank’s philosophy is to grow by building long-term relationships based on high quality service, high ethical standards, and safe and sound assets. In the operation of its business, Union Bank maintains a strong community orientation. Union Bank’s business model emphasizes personalized service, clients’ access to key decision makers, individualized attention, tailored products, and access to online banking tools. Union Bank’s management has placed a special emphasis on personalized attention to its customers’ needs and accomplishes this by continually working to build and support relationships with customers, local businesses and entrepreneurs. Union Bank empowers employees with the tools, knowledge, and support to serve our customers’ needs.

Through our twenty-two offices located in Bowling Green, Columbus Grove, Delaware, Delphos, Findlay, Gahanna, Gibsonburg, Kalida, Leipsic, Lima, Marion, Marysville, Ottawa, Paulding, Pemberville, Plymouth, and Westerville Ohio, we serve the Ohio counties of Allen, Delaware, Franklin, Hancock, Huron, Marion, Paulding, Putnam, Sandusky, Van Wert, and Wood.

Union Bank has two subsidiaries: UBC Investments, Inc. (“UBC”), an entity formed to hold its securities portfolio, and UBC Property, Inc. (“UBC Property”), an entity formed to hold and manage certain property that is acquired in lieu of foreclosure.

UBC Risk Management

UBC Risk Management, Inc. is located in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is a captive insurance subsidiary which insures various liability and property damage policies for the Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Additional information

Our executive offices are located at 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, OH 45830 and our telephone number is (419) 659-2141. Our website is www.theubank.com.

We make available free of charge, on or through the Investor Relations link on our website (www.theubank.com), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as well as proxy statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Also posted on our website and available in print upon request are the charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation, and Nominating Committees and our Senior Officer Code of Ethics. Within the time period required by the SEC and the OTCQX Market, we will post on our website any amendment to the Senior Officer Code of Ethics or the above-referenced governance documents, or you may request the documents by writing to our Chief Financial Officer at The Union Bank Co., 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, OH 45830 or by calling (419) 659-2141.

The SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that the Corporation electronically files with the SEC.

Competition

The Corporation competes for deposits with other commercial banks, savings associations and credit unions and issuers of commercial paper and other securities, such as shares in money market mutual funds. Primary factors in competing for deposits include customer service, interest rates, and convenience. In making loans, the Corporation competes with other commercial banks, savings associations, consumer finance companies, credit unions, leasing companies, mortgage companies, and other lenders. Competition is affected by, among other things, the general availability of lendable funds, general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels, and other factors that are not readily predictable. The financial services industry is likely to become more competitive as further technology advances enable more companies to provide financial services and liquidity in the marketplace comes at a higher premium. We compete by offering quality products and innovative services at competitive prices, and by maintaining our products and services offerings to keep pace with customer preferences in the regions that we operate.

In recent years, mergers and acquisitions have led to greater concentration in the banking industry, placing added competitive pressure on our core banking products and services. Consolidation continued during 2022, primarily through private merger and acquisition transactions, and led to redistribution of deposits and certain banking assets to other financial institutions. We expect this trend to continue during 2023. We, therefore, expect competition in the markets we serve to intensify with the advent of new technology and consolidation trends. As a matter of course, we continue to evaluate opportunities in the markets we serve or contiguous markets to improve our footprint, while balancing the efficiency of technology.

The Bank’s primary market area consists of the Ohio counties of a Allen, Delaware, Franklin, Hancock, Marion, Paulding, Putnam, Sandusky, and Wood, in which the Bank currently operates 18 total full-service banking offices.

Supervision and Regulation

General

The following discussion addresses the material elements of the regulatory framework applicable to financial holding companies, like UBOH, and our subsidiary bank, Union Bank. This regulatory framework is intended primarily to protect customers and depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) of the FDIC, and the banking system as a whole, rather than for the protection of security holders and creditors. We cannot predict changes in the applicable laws, regulations, and regulatory agency policies, yet such changes may have a material effect on our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.

UBOH

On October 10, 2018, UBOH elected to become a financial holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 as amended, in order to provide the flexibility to take advantage of the expanded powers available to a financial holding company under the Act. As a financial holding company, UBOH is subject to inspection, examination, and supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System pursuant to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. As a financial holding company, UBOH is still subject to all material regulations applicable to bank holding companies.

Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the "GLB Act"), enacted into law in 1999, a bank holding company that has elected to become a financial holding company may affiliate with securities firms and insurance companies and engage in other activities that are financial in nature. Activities that are "financial in nature" include securities underwriting, dealing and market-making, sponsoring mutual funds and investment companies, insurance underwriting and agency, merchant banking, and activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined to be closely related to banking. Federal Reserve Board approval is not required for UBOH to acquire a company, other than a bank holding company, bank, or savings association, engaged in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to activities that are financial in nature, as determined by the Federal Reserve Board. Prior Federal Reserve Board approval is required before UBOH may acquire the beneficial ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares, or substantially all of the assets, of a bank holding company, bank or savings association. If any subsidiary bank of UBOH ceases to be "well capitalized" or "well managed" under applicable regulatory standards, the Federal Reserve Board may, among other actions, order UBOH to divest the subsidiary bank. Alternatively, UBOH may elect to conform its activities to those permissible for a bank holding company that is not also a financial holding company. If any subsidiary bank of UBOH receives a rating under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 of less than “satisfactory,” UBOH will be prohibited from engaging in new activities or acquiring companies other than bank holding companies, banks, or savings associations.

Under federal law, bank and financial holding companies must also serve as a “source of financial strength” to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing financial assistance to them in the event of their financial distress. This support may be required when we do not have the resources to, or would prefer not to, provide it. In addition, certain loans by a bank or financial holding company to a subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits in, and certain other indebtedness of, the subsidiary bank, and federal law provides that in the bankruptcy of a bank or financial holding company, any commitment to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve has issued Supervisory Guidance and Regulations on the Payment of Dividends, Stock Redemptions, and Stock Repurchases by Bank Holding Companies (the “Policy Statement”). In the Policy Statement, the Federal Reserve stated that it is important for a banking organization’s board of directors to ensure that the dividend level is prudent relative to the organization’s financial position and is not based on overly optimistic earnings scenarios. As a general matter, the Policy Statement provides that the board of directors of a bank holding company should inform the Federal Reserve and should eliminate, defer, or significantly reduce its dividends if:

(1) net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends;

(2) the prospective rate of earnings retention is not consistent with the company’s capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or

(3) the company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.

Failure to do so could result in a supervisory finding that the organization is operating in an unsafe and unsound manner. Moreover, the Policy Statement requires a bank holding company to inform the Federal Reserve reasonably in advance of declaring or paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period (e.g., quarter) for which the dividend is being paid or that could result in a material adverse change to the organization’s capital structure. Declaring or paying a dividend in either circumstance could raise supervisory concerns.

Union Bank

As an Ohio state-chartered bank, and a member of the Depositor Insurance Fund, administered by the FDIC, Union Bank is supervised and regulated by the ODFI and the FDIC. As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance premiums, conducts examinations of, and requires reporting by FDIC-insured institutions under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended (the “FDIA”).

Various requirements and restrictions under the laws of the United States and the State of Ohio affect the operations of Union Bank, including restrictions on the nature and amount of loans which may be made and the interest that may be charged thereon, restrictions relating to investments and other activities, limitations on credit exposure to correspondent banks, limitations on activities based on capital and surplus, limitations on payment of dividends, and limitations on branching.

As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank, Union Bank is required to, among other things, maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. Union Bank receives dividends on its investment in FHLB stock. Under certain conditions, secured advances to Union Bank are available from the FHLB to meet operational requirements. Such advances are renewable and can be obtained up to specified dollar amounts. These advances are secured primarily by Union Bank’s eligible mortgage loans and FHLB stock.

Current regulatory capital requirements

Federal banking regulators have promulgated risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements applicable to Union Bank. The adequacy of regulatory capital is assessed periodically by federal banking agencies in their examination and supervision processes, and in the evaluation of applications in connection with certain expansion activities.

FDIC-supervised institutions must maintain the following minimum capital ratios:

• Common equity tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of 4.5 percent,

• Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of 6 percent,

• Total capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of 8 percent, and

• Tier 1 capital to average total assets ratio (tier 1 leverage ratio) of 4 percent.

FDIC regulations provide that any insured institution which has less than its minimum leverage capital requirement may be deemed to be engaged in an unsafe and unsound practice pursuant to Section 8 of the FDIA, unless the institution has entered into and is in compliance with a written agreement or has submitted and is in compliance with a plan approved by the FDIC to increase its leverage capital ratio and take other action as may be necessary. FDIC regulations further indicate that any insured depository institution with a tier 1 capital to total assets ratio of less than 2 percent may be deemed to be operating in an unsafe and unsound condition.

Notwithstanding the minimum capital requirements, an FDIC-supervised institution must maintain capital commensurate with the level and nature of all risks to which the institution is exposed. Furthermore, an FDIC supervised institution must have a process for assessing its overall capital adequacy in relation to its risk profile and a comprehensive strategy for maintaining an appropriate level of capital. The FDIC is not precluded from taking formal enforcement actions against an insured depository institution with capital above the minimum requirement if the specific circumstances indicate such action appropriate.

Additionally, FDIC-supervised institutions that fail to maintain capital at or above minimum leverage capital requirements may be issued a capital directive by the FDIC. Capital directives generally require an institution to restore its capital to the minimum leverage requirement within a specified time period.

The Corporation currently satisfies all capital requirements. The junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued in 2003 and the trust preferred securities from the acquisition of The Ohio State Bank (“OSB”), as described in Note 9 of the consolidated financial statements contained in the Corporation’s Annual Report, currently qualify as Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes. However, it is possible that regulations could change so that such securities do not qualify.

The federal banking regulators have established regulations governing prompt corrective action to resolve capital deficient banks. Under these regulations, institutions, which become undercapitalized, become subject to mandatory regulatory scrutiny and limitations that increase as capital decreases. Such institutions are also required to file capital plans with their primary federal regulator, and their holding companies must guarantee the capital shortfall up to 5% of the assets of the capital deficient institution at the time it becomes undercapitalized.

The FDIA requires the relevant federal banking regulator to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to an FDIC-insured depository institution that does not meet certain capital adequacy standards. Banks and savings associations are classified into one (1) of five (5) categories based upon capital adequacy, ranging from “well-capitalized” to “critically undercapitalized.” Restrictions on operations, management, and capital distributions begin to apply at “adequately capitalized” status and become progressively stricter as the insured depository institutions approaches “critically undercapitalized” status. Generally, the regulations require the appropriate federal banking agency to take prompt corrective action with respect to an institution which becomes “undercapitalized” and to take additional actions if the institution becomes “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Effective January 1, 2015, final rules promulgated by the FDIC pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, provide that for a depository institution to be considered well-capitalized it must maintain common equity tier 1 capital of at least 6.5%; tier 1 risk-based capital of at least 8%; total risk-based capital of at least 10%; and a tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5%. As of December 31, 2022, Union Bank has total risk-based capital of 16.7%, tier 1 risk-based capital and CET 1 capital of 15.5%, and tier 1 leverage capital of 10.1%.

While the Prompt Corrective Action requirements only apply to FDIC-insured depository institutions and not to bank or financial holding companies, the mandatory Prompt Corrective Action “capital restoration plan” required of an undercapitalized institution by its relevant regulator must be guaranteed to a limited extent by the institution’s parent bank or financial holding company.

The ability of a bank or financial holding company to obtain funds for the payment of dividends and for other cash requirements is largely dependent on the amount of dividends that may be declared by its subsidiary bank and other subsidiaries. However, the Federal Reserve Board expects the Corporation to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank, which may require it to retain capital for further investment in the subsidiary, rather than for dividends for shareholders of UBOH. The Bank may not pay dividends to UBOH if, after paying such dividends, it would fail to meet the required minimum levels under the risk-based capital guidelines and the minimum leverage ratio requirements. The Bank must have the approval of its regulatory authorities if a dividend in any year would cause the total dividends for that year to exceed the sum of the current year’s net income and the retained net income for the preceding two years, less required transfers to surplus. Payment of dividends by a bank subsidiary may be restricted at any time at the discretion of the regulatory authorities, if they deem such dividends to constitute an unsafe and/or unsound banking practice. These provisions could have the effect of limiting UBOH’s ability to pay dividends on its outstanding common shares. For more information about the payment of dividends by Union Bank to UBOH, please see Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements contained in the Corporation's Annual Report.

Federal Deposit Insurance Act

The FDIC’s DIF provides insurance coverage for certain deposits, which insurance is funded through assessments on banks, like Union Bank. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the amount of deposit insurance coverage for deposits increased to $250,000 per depositor. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the FDIC has established 2.0% as the designated reserve ratio (the “DRR”), that is, the ratio of the DIF to insured deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act directs the FDIC to amend its assessment regulations so that future assessments will generally be based upon a depository institution’s average total consolidated assets minus the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period, whereas assessments were previously based on the amount of an institution’s insured deposits. The minimum DIF rate increased from 1.15% to 1.35%, and the cost of the increase was borne by depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or more. At least semi-annually, the FDIC will update its loss and income projections for the DIF and, if needed, will increase or decrease assessment rates, following notice-and-comment rule making if required.

Conservatorship and receivership of insured depository institutions

Upon the insolvency of an insured depository institution, the FDIC will be appointed as receiver or, in rare circumstances, conservator for the insolvent institution under the FDIA. In an insolvency, the FDIC may repudiate or disaffirm any contract to which the institution is a party if the FDIC determines that performance of the contract would be burdensome and that disaffirming or repudiating the contract would promote orderly administration of the institution’s affairs. If the contractual counterparty made a claim against the receivership (or conservatorship) for breach of contract, the amount paid to the counterparty would depend upon, among other factors, the receivership assets available to pay the claim and the priority of the claim relative to others. In addition, the FDIC may enforce most contracts entered into by the insolvent institution, notwithstanding any provision that would terminate, cause a default, accelerate or give other rights under the contract solely because of the insolvency, the appointment of the receiver (or conservator), or the exercise of rights or powers by the receiver (or conservator). The FDIC may also transfer any asset or liability of the insolvent institution without obtaining approval or consent from the institution’s shareholders or creditors. These provisions would apply to obligations and liabilities of UBOH’s insured depository institution subsidiary, including any obligations under senior or subordinated debt issued to public investors.

Depositor preference

The FDIA provides that, in the event of the liquidation or other resolution of an insured depository institution, the claims of its depositors (including claims of its depositors that have subrogated to the FDIC) and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as receiver have priority over other general unsecured claims. If an insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will be placed ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including the institution’s parent bank, holding company, and subordinated creditors, in order of priority of payment.

The Dodd-Frank Act

The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, is complex and several of its provisions are still being implemented. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which has extensive regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services, and the Financial Stability Oversight Council, which has oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act altered the authority and duties of the federal banking and securities regulatory agencies, implemented certain corporate governance requirements for all public companies including financial institutions with regard to executive compensation, proxy access by shareholders, and certain whistleblower provisions, and restricted certain proprietary trading and hedge fund and private equity activities of banks and their affiliates.

Federal regulators continue to implement provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act created many new restrictions and an expanded framework of regulatory oversight for financial institutions, including depository institutions. Currently, federal regulators are still in the process of drafting the implementing regulations for some portions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Corporation is closely monitoring all relevant sections of the Dodd-Frank Act to ensure continued compliance with these regulatory requirements. The following discussion summarizes significant aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act that are already affecting or may affect UBOH and Union Bank:

	●	the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has been empowered to exercise broad regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority with respect to both new and existing consumer financial protection laws;
	●	the deposit insurance assessment base for federal deposit insurance has been expanded from domestic deposits to average assets minus average tangible equity;
	●	the prohibition on the payment of interest on commercial demand deposits has been repealed;
	●	the standard maximum amount of deposit insurance per customer has been permanently increased to $250,000;
	●	new corporate governance requirements require new compensation practices, including, but not limited to, providing shareholders the opportunity to cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation, requiring compensation committees to consider the independence of compensation advisors and meeting new executive compensation disclosure requirements;
	●	the Federal Reserve Board has established rules regarding interchange fees charged for electronic debit transactions by payment card issuers having assets over $10 billion. Although the cap is not applicable to Union Bank, it may have an adverse effect on Union Bank as the debit cards issued by Union Bank and other smaller banks, which have higher interchange fees, may become less competitive;
	●	“ability to repay” regulations generally require creditors to make a reasonable, good faith determination (considering at least 8 specified underwriting factors) of a consumer’s ability to repay any consumer credit transaction secured by a dwelling (excluding an open-end credit plan, timeshare plan, reverse mortgage or temporary loan) and provides a presumption that the creditor making a “qualified mortgage” satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements; and
	●	the authority of the Federal Reserve Board to examine financial holding companies and their non-bank subsidiaries was expanded.

Some aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are still subject to rulemaking and will take effect in the coming years, making it difficult to anticipate the full financial impact on the Corporation, their respective customers or the financial services industry more generally. However, the implementation of certain provisions have already increased compliance costs and the implementation of future provisions will most likely further increase both compliance costs and fees paid to regulators, along with possibly restricting the operations of the Corporation.

The Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)

The BSA requires all financial institutions (including banks and securities broker-dealers) to, among other things, maintain a risk-based system of internal controls reasonably designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism. It includes a variety of recordkeeping and reporting requirements (such as cash and suspicious activity reporting) as well as due diligence and know-your-customer documentation requirements. Union Bank has established and maintains an anti-money laundering program to comply with the BSA’s requirements.

Privacy Provisions of Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

Under GLB, federal banking regulators adopted rules that limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to non-affiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to non-affiliated third parties. The privacy provisions of GLB affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors.

Bank transactions with affiliates

Federal banking law and regulation imposes qualitative standards and quantitative limitations upon certain transactions by a bank with its affiliates, including the bank’s parent holding company and certain companies the parent holding company may be deemed to control for these purposes. Transactions covered by these provisions must be on arm’s-length terms and cannot exceed certain amounts which are determined with reference to the bank’s regulatory capital. Moreover, if the transaction is a loan or other extension of credit, it must be secured by collateral in an amount and quality expressly prescribed by statute, and if the affiliate is unable to pledge sufficient collateral, the holding company may be required to provide it.

Branching Authority

Ohio chartered banks have the authority under Ohio law to establish branches anywhere in the State of Ohio, subject to receipt of all required regulatory approvals. Additionally, in May 1997 Ohio adopted legislation “opting in” to the provisions of Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (the “Interstate Act”) which allows banks to establish interstate branch networks through acquisitions of other banks, subject to certain conditions, including certain limitations on the aggregate amount of deposits that may be held by the surviving bank and all of its insured depository institution affiliates. Effective with the enactment of The Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIA and the National Bank Act have been amended to remove the expressly required “opt-in” concept applicable to de novo interstate branching and now permits national and insured state banks to engage in de novo interstate branching if, under the laws of the state where the new branch is to be established, a state bank chartered in that state would be permitted to establish a branch.

Safety and Soundness Standards

The Federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines that establish operational and managerial standards to promote the safety and soundness of federally insured depository institutions. The guidelines set forth standards for internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, asset quality, and earnings.

In general, the safety and soundness guidelines prescribe the goals to be achieved in each area, and each institution is responsible for establishing its own procedures to achieve those goals. If an institution fails to comply with any of the standards set forth in the guidelines, the institution’s primary federal regulator may require the institution to submit a plan for achieving and maintaining compliance. If an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan that has been accepted by its primary federal regulator, the regulator is required to issue an order directing the institution to cure the deficiency. Until the deficiency cited in the regulator’s order is cured, the regulator may restrict the institution’s rate of growth, require the institution to increase its capital, restrict the rates the institution pays on deposits, or require the institution to take any action the regulator deems appropriate under the circumstances. Noncompliance with the standards established by the safety and soundness guidelines may also constitute grounds for other enforcement action by the federal banking regulators, including cease and desist orders and civil money penalty assessments.

Environmental Laws

Banks that hold mortgages on property as secured lenders are exempt from liability under Federal environmental protection laws if certain criteria are met. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) contains a secured creditor exemption that eliminates owner or operator liability for lenders who take an ownership interest in a property primarily to protect their interest in the facility as security on a loan, provided that the bank does not participate in the management of the facility. Generally, participation in management applies if a bank exercises decision-making control over a property’s environmental compliance, or exercises control at a level similar to a manager of the facility or property.

Other Regulations

Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by the Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. The Bank's loan operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as:

•

the Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

•

the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;

•

the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;

•

the Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1978, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;

•

the Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; and

•

the rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing these federal laws.

The deposit operations of the Bank are subject to:

•

the Truth-In-Savings Act, governing disclosures of account terms to consumer depositors;

•

the Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; and

•

the "Electronic Funds Transfer Act" and Regulation E issued by the Federal Reserve to implement that act, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers' rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services.

Statistical Financial Information Regarding the Corporation

The following schedules and tables analyze certain elements of the consolidated balance sheets and statements of income of the Corporation and its subsidiary and should be read in conjunction with the narrative analysis presented in ITEM 7, MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION and the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation, both of which are included in the 2022 Annual Report.

DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIA

The following are the average balance sheets for the years ended December 31:

	2022			2021			2020
ASSETS	(in thousands)
Interest-earning assets
Securities (1)
Taxable	$	158,151		$	117,830		$	102,448
Non-taxable		137,577			119,865			83,399
Interest-bearing deposits		46,508			98,889			42,906
Loans (2)		637,326			632,829			663,097
Total interest-earning assets		979,562			969,413			891,850
Non-interest-earning assets
Cash and due from banks		13,343			10,408			7,607
Premises and equipment, net		23,461			19,771			18,590
Accrued interest receivable and other assets		66,021			57,027			56,018
Allowance for loan losses		(10,385	)		(10,269	)		(6,237	)

	$	1,072,002		$	1,046,350		$	967,828

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities
Deposits
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	629,695		$	555,004		$	452,878
Time deposits		114,824			156,161			171,881
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		12,994			12,960			12,926
Other borrowings		6,882			7,305			50,533
Total interest-bearing liabilities		764,395			731,430			688,218
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
Demand deposits		208,102			193,810			168,179
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities		7,034			6,129			9,800

Shareholders' equity (3)		92,471			114,981			101,631

	$	1,072,002		$	1,046,350		$	967,828

(1)	Securities include securities available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value, and restricted bank stock carried at cost. The average balance includes monthly average balances of fair value adjustments and daily average balances for the amortized cost of securities.
(2)	Loan balances include principal balances of non-accrual loans and loans held for sale.
(3)	Shareholders’ equity includes average net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax.

DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED)

The following tables set forth, for the years indicated, the condensed average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the interest earned or paid on such amounts, and the average interest rates earned or paid thereon.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022							2021							2020
	Average				Yield/			Average				Yield/			Average				Yield/
	Balance		Interest		Rate			Balance		Interest		Rate			Balance		Interest		Rate
	(In Thousands)
Interest-earning assets
Securities (1)
Taxable	$	158,151	$	3,137		1.98	%	$	117,830	$	1,977		1.68	%	$	102,448	$	1,938		1.89	%
Non-taxable (2)		137,577		4,697		3.41	%		119,865		3,615		3.02	%		83,399		2,705		3.24	%
Loans (3, 4)		637,326		31,214		4.90	%		632,829		33,745		5.33	%		663,097		35,696		5.38	%
Interest-bearing deposits		46,508		894		1.92	%		98,889		251		0.25	%		42,906		259		0.60	%
Total interest-earning assets	$	979,562	$	39,942		4.08	%	$	969,413	$	39,588		4.08	%	$	891,850	$	40,598		4.55	%

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES
Deposits
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	629,695	$	1,692		0.27	%	$	555,004	$	904		0.16	%	$	452,878	$	1,321		0.29	%
Time deposits		114,824		630		0.55	%		156,161		1,377		0.88	%		171,881		2,677		1.56	%
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		12,994		649		4.99	%		12,960		429		3.31	%		12,926		526		4.07	%
Other borrowings		6,882		287		4.17	%		7,305		359		4.91	%		50,533		2,464		4.88	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	764,395	$	3,258		0.43	%	$	731,430	$	3,069		0.42	%	$	688,218	$	6,988		1.02	%


Net interest income, interest rate spread, tax equivalent basis			$	36,684		3.65	%			$	36,519		3.66	%			$	33,610		3.53	%

Net interest margin						3.74	%						3.77	%						3.77	%

(1)	Securities include securities available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value, and restricted bank stock carried at cost. The average balance includes monthly average balances of fair value adjustments and daily average balances for the amortized cost of securities.
(2)	Computed on tax equivalent basis for non-taxable securities and non-taxable loans (21% statutory rate).
(3)	Loan balances include principal balance of non-accrual loans and loans held for sale.
(4)	Interest income on loans includes fees of $3,111,000 in 2022, $8,368,000 in 2021 and $7,309,000 in 2020.

DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL (CONTINUED)

The following tables set forth the effect of volume and rate changes on interest income and expenses for the periods indicated. For purposes of these tables, changes in interest due to volume and rate were determined as follows:

Volume variance - change in volume multiplied by the previous year’s rate.

Rate variance - change in rate multiplied by the previous year’s volume.

Total variance - change in volume multiplied by the change in rate.

●

This variance was allocated to volume variances and rate variances in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each.

Interest on non-taxable securities has been adjusted to a fully tax equivalent basis using a statutory tax rate of 21% for 2021, 2020 and 2019 in the table that follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022 vs. 2021									2021 vs. 2020
	Total			Variance Attributable To						Total			Variance Attributable To
	Variance			Volume			Rate			Variance			Volume			Rate
INTEREST INCOME	(In Thousands)
Securities -
Taxable	$	1,160		$	757		$	403		$	40		$	272		$	(232	)

Non-taxable		1,082			571			511			909			1,111			(202	)

Loans		(2,531	)		238			(2,769	)		(1,976	)		(1,616	)		(360	)

Other		643			(198	)		841			(8	)		203			(211	)

Subtotal		354			1,368			(1,014	)		(1,035	)		(30	)		(1,005	)

INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits -
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits		788			135			653			(417	)		253			(670	)

Time deposits		(747	)		(308	)		(439	)		(1,300	)		(226	)		(1,074	)

Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures		220			1			219			(97	)		1			(98	)

Other borrowings		(72	)		(20	)		(52	)		(2,105	)		(2,123	)		18

Subtotal		189			(192	)		381			(3,919	)		(2,095	)		(1,824	)

NET INTEREST INCOME	$	165		$	1,560		$	(1,395	)	$	2,884		$	2,065		$	819

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO

Union Bank's investment securities portfolio is managed in accordance with a written policy adopted by the Board of Directors and administered by the Investment Committee.

Union Bank's securities portfolio is entirely categorized as available-for-sale. Securities classified as available-for-sale may be sold prior to maturity due to changes in interest rates, prepayment risks or to meet the company's liquidity needs. However, selling such securities at a loss may result in adverse consequences related to Other Than Temporary Impairment assessment. Given the interest rate environment, this imposes some limitations on selling AFS assets for liquidity needs of the Bank.

LOAN PORTFOLIO

Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates – The following table shows the amounts of loans outstanding as of December 31, 2022 which, based on remaining scheduled repayments of principal, are due in the periods indicated. Also, the amounts have been classified according to sensitivity to changes in interest rates for amounts due after one year. (Variable-rate loans are those loans with floating or adjustable interest rates.)

	Within one year		After one year but within five years		After five years but within 15 years		After 15 years
Residential 1-4 family real estate	$	3,549	$	11,682	$	85,443	$	28,709
Commercial and multi-family real estate		15,729		56,884		315,034		83,121
Commercial		35,920		20,402		20,001		1,607
Consumer		184		4,206		1,032		72
	$	55,382	$	93,174	$	421,510	$	113,509

	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate		Total
Residential 1-4 family real estate	$	53,214	$	72,620	$	125,834
Commercial and multi-family real estate		97,902		357,137		455,039
Commercial		27,669		14,341		42,010
Consumer		4,994		316		5,310
	$	183,779	$	444,414	$	628,193

SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE

The following schedule presents the ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans outstanding by loan category and related ratios for the years ended December 31:

	2022			2021			2020			2019			2018
Residential 1-4 family real estate		-0.03	%		-0.03	%		0.20	%		0.00	%		-0.02	%
Commercial and multi-family real estate		0.00	%		-0.01	%		0.03	%		-0.04	%		-0.05	%
Commercial		0.00	%		0.00	%		-0.01	%		0.08	%		-0.04	%
Consumer		-0.04	%		0.13	%		0.46	%		0.11	%		0.13	%
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding		-0.01	%		-0.01	%		0.05	%		-0.01	%		-0.04	%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans outstanding		1.38	%		1.70	%		1.58	%		0.72	%		0.63	%
Nonaccrual loans to total loans outstanding		0.14	%		0.05	%		0.15	%		0.17	%		0.26	%
Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans		963.22	%		3,235.94	%		1,052	%		428.97	%		244.08	%

The amount of loan charge-offs and recoveries fluctuate from year to year due to various factors relating to the condition of the general economy and specific business segments. The 2022 net recoveries related to 2 consumer and residential real estate credits with the largest individual charge off being $700. The 2021 net recoveries related to 10 consumer and commercial real estate credits with the largest individual charge-off being $3,100. The 2020 loan charge-offs related to 37 consumer, residential real estate, or commercial credits with the largest individual charge-off being $84,500. The 2019 net recoveries related to charge-offs of 23 consumer, residential real estate, HELOC, or commercial credits with the largest individual charge-off being $80,000. The 2018 net recoveries related to charge-offs of 28 consumer, residential real estate, HELOC, or commercial credits, with the largest individual charge-off being $85,000.

The Corporation recognized a (credit) provision for loan losses of ($1,000,000) in 2022, $300,000 in 2021, and $6,200,000 in 2020. The negative provision for loan losses in 2022 is a result of the continued waning impact of COVID related concerns. Problem and potential problem loans aggregated $8.1 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $24.7 million at December 31, 2021. The Corporation will continue to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, and especially the quality of those credits identified as problem or potential problem credits, to ensure the allowance for loan losses is maintained at an appropriate level.

The allowance for loan losses balance and the provision for loan losses are judgmentally determined by management based upon periodic reviews of the loan portfolio. In addition, management considered the level of charge-offs on loans as well as the fluctuations of charge-offs and recoveries on loans including the factors which caused these changes. Estimating the risk of loans and the amount of loss is necessarily subjective. Accordingly, the allowance is maintained by management at a level considered adequate to cover losses that are currently anticipated based on past loss experience, general economic conditions, information about specific borrower situations including their financial position and collateral value, and other factors and estimates which are subject to change over time. Beginning January 1, 2023, the Company will be required to adopt Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13,Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. See “Note 1 - New Accounting Pronouncements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the potential impact of adopting ASU 2016-13.

The following schedule is a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses allocated by type of loan and related ratios.

	December 31,
	2022					2021					2020					2019					2018
			Percentage					Percentage					Percentage					Percentage					Percentage
			of Loans in					of Loans in					of Loans in					of Loans in					of Loans in
			Each Category					Each Category					Each Category					Each Category					Each Category
	Allowance		to Total			Allowance		to Total			Allowance		to Total			Allowance		to Total			Allowance		to Total
	Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans			Amount		Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Real Estate	$	1,623		19.40	%	$	1,719		19.61	%	$	1,683		19.85	%	$	592		23.36	%	$	576		22.40	%
Commercial and Multi Family Real Estate		6,566		68.47	%		7,121		65.45	%		6,664		57.44	%		2,536		62.13	%		2,355		62.26	%
Commercial		1,134		11.33	%		1,414		14.03	%		1,515		21.65	%		939		13.12	%		534		14.16	%
Consumer loans		78		0.80	%		101		0.90	%		132		1.06	%		64		1.39	%		62		1.18	%
	$	9,401		100.0	%	$	10,355		100.0	%	$	9,994		100.0	%	$	4,131		100.0	%	$	3,527		100.0	%

The allowance for loan losses included no specific reserves for impaired loans at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

While the periodic analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses may require management to allocate portions of the allowance for specific problem loan situations, the entire allowance is available for any loan charge-offs that occur.

DEPOSITS

Deposits have traditionally been the Corporation’s primary funding source for use in lending and other investment activities. In addition to deposits, the Corporation derives funds from interest and principal repayments on loans and income from other earning assets. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows tend to fluctuate in response to economic conditions and interest rates. Deposits are attracted principally from within the Corporation's designated market area by offering a variety of deposit instruments, including regular savings accounts, demand deposit accounts, money market deposit accounts, term certificate accounts, and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees, and withdrawal penalties for the various types of accounts are established periodically by the Corporation’s management based on the Corporation's liquidity requirements, growth goals, and market trends. From time to time, the Corporation may also acquire brokered deposits. The amount of deposits from outside the Corporation’s market area is not significant.

The average amount of deposits and average rates paid are summarized as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2022					2021					2020
	Average		Average			Average		Average			Average		Average
	Amount		Rate			Amount		Rate			Amount		Rate
	(dollars in thousands)
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$	629,695		0.27	%	$	555,004		0.16	%	$	452,878		0.29	%
Time deposits		114,824		0.55	%		156,161		0.88	%		171,881		1.56	%
Demand deposits (non-interest bearing)		208,102		-			193,810		-			168,179		-
	$	952,621				$	904,975				$	792,938

There were no foreign deposits in any periods presented.

Total uninsured deposits greater than $250,000 were $159,940,000 at December 31, 2022, $256,517,000 at December 31, 2021, and $196,425,000 at December 31, 2020. These amounts represent an estimate calculated using a reasonable set of methodology and assumptions. Maturities of certificates of deposit and other time deposits of $250,000 or more outstanding at December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

	(in thousands)
Three months or less	$	4,745
Over three months and through six months		1,100
Over six months and through twelve months		3,189
Over twelve months		9,224
	$	18,258

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are risks inherent to the Corporation’s business. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect the Corporation are described below. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Corporation. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair the Corporation’s business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors. If any of the following risks actually occur, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to the Corporation’s Business

The Corporation is Subject to Interest Rate Risk

The Corporation’s earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon its net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets such as loans and securities and interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the Corporation’s control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest the Corporation receives on loans and securities and the amount of interest it pays on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect (i) the Corporation’s ability to originate loans and obtain deposits, (ii) the fair value of the Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities, and (iii) the average duration of the Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities portfolio. If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, the Corporation’s net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest rates received on loans and other investments fall more quickly than the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings. For example, in a rising interest rate environment, loans tend to prepay slowly and new loans at higher rates increase slowly, while interest paid on deposits increases rapidly because the terms to maturity of deposits tend to be shorter than the terms to maturity or prepayment of loans. Such differences in the adjustment of interest rates on assets and liabilities may negatively affect the Corporation's income.

Changing interest rates may decrease our earnings and asset values.

Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on the Corporation’s results of operations, any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Expected interest rate increases could negatively affect our income, if we are not able to anticipate corresponding changes in market forces.

The Corporation’s operating results are dependent to a significant degree on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from loans, investments, and other interest-earning assets and interest expense on deposits, borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities. The interest income and interest expense of the Corporation change as the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities change. Interest rates may change because of general economic conditions, the policies of various regulatory authorities, and other factors beyond the Corporation's control.

We are subject to credit risk related to the interest rate environment and the economic conditions of the markets in which we operate.

There are inherent risks associated with the Corporation’s lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where the Corporation operates as well as those across the State of Ohio, the United States, and abroad. Increases in interest rates and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans. The Corporation is also subject to various laws and regulations that affect its lending activities. Loans not secured by one-to-four family residential real estate are generally considered to involve greater risk of loss than loans secured by one- to- four- family residential real estate due, in part, to the effects of general economic conditions. The repayment of multifamily residential, nonresidential real estate, and commercial loans generally depends upon the cash flow from the operation of the property or business, which may be negatively affected by national and local economic conditions. Construction loans may also be negatively affected by such economic conditions, particularly loans made to developers who do not have a buyer for a property before the loan is made. The risk of default on consumer loans increases during periods of recession, high unemployment, and other adverse economic conditions. When consumers have trouble paying their bills, they are more likely to pay mortgage loans than consumer loans. In addition, the collateral securing such loans, if any, may decrease in value more rapidly than the outstanding balance of the loan.

An increase in non-performing loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loans losses and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Corporation is subject to liquidity risk in its operations, which could adversely affect the ability to fund various obligations.

Liquidity risk is the possibility of being unable to meet obligations as they come due, pay deposits when withdrawn, capitalize on growth opportunities as they arise, or pay dividends because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding on a timely basis, at a reasonable cost and within acceptable risk tolerances. Liquidity is derived primarily from retail deposit growth and retention, principal and interest payments on loans and investment securities, net cash provided from operation, and access to other funding sources. Liquidity is essential to our business. We must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale or pledging as collateral of loans and other assets could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity due to a market downturn or regulatory action that limits or eliminates our access to alternate funding sources. Our ability to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are nonspecific to us, such as severe disruption of the financial markets or negative expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole, as evidenced by recent turmoil in the domestic and worldwide credit markets.

Inflation can have an adverse impact on the Corporation's earnings and on our customers.

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. Beginning in 2021, and throughout 2022, there have been market indicators of a pronounced rise in inflation and the Federal Reserve Board has raised certain benchmark interest rates in an effort to combat inflation. As inflation increases, the value of our fixed-rate investment securities, particularly those with longer maturities, would decrease. In addition, inflation increases the cost of goods and services we use in our business operations, such as electricity and other utilities, which increases our noninterest expenses. Our customers are also affected by inflation and the rising costs of goods and services used in their households and businesses, which could have a negative impact on their ability to repay their loans with us.

Changes in accounting standards could impact the Corporation’s reported earnings.

Current accounting and tax rules, standards, policies, and interpretations influence the methods by which financial institutions conduct business and govern financial reporting and disclosures. These laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies and interpretations are constantly evolving and may change significantly over time. Events that may not have a direct impact on the Corporation, such as bankruptcy of major U.S. companies, have resulted in legislators, regulators, and authoritative bodies, such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and various taxing authorities, responding by adopting and/or proposing substantive revision to laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations. New accounting pronouncements and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. The Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by a change in accounting standards.

The Corporation’s Allowance for Loan Losses May Be Insufficient

The Corporation maintains an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, that represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations; specific credit risks; loan loss experience; current loan portfolio quality; present economic, political and regulatory conditions, and unidentified losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires the Corporation to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of the Corporation’s control, may require a potentially significant increase in the allowance for loan losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the provision for loan losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, the Corporation will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for loan and lease losses. Any increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses will result in a decrease in net income and, possibly, capital, and may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. While the Board of Directors of the Corporation believes that it uses the best information available to determine the allowance for loan losses, unforeseen market conditions could result in material adjustments, and net earnings could be significantly adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the final determination.

Prepayments of loans may negatively impact our business.

Generally, customers of the Corporation may prepay the principal amount of their outstanding loans at any time. The speed at which such prepayments occur, as well as the size of such prepayments, are within such customers’ discretion. If customers prepay the principal amount of their loans, and the Corporation is unable to lend those funds to other borrowers or invest the funds at the same or higher interest rates, the Corporation’s interest income will be reduced. A significant reduction in interest income could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Corporation may face increasing pressure from historical purchasers of our residential mortgage loans to repurchase those loans or reimburse purchasers for losses related to those loans.

The Corporation generally sells the fixed rate long-term residential mortgage loans it originates on the secondary market and retains adjustable-rate mortgage loans for its portfolios. In response to the financial crisis, the Corporation believes that purchasers of residential mortgage loans, such as government sponsored entities, are increasing their efforts to seek to require sellers of residential mortgage loans to either repurchase loans previously sold or reimburse purchasers for losses related to loans previously sold when losses are incurred on a loan previously sold due to actual or alleged failure to strictly conform to the purchaser's purchase criteria. As a result, the Corporation may face increasing pressure from historical purchasers of its residential mortgage loans to repurchase those loans or reimburse purchasers for losses related to those loans and the Corporation may face increasing expenses to defend against such claims. If the Corporation is required in the future to repurchase loans previously sold, reimburse purchasers for losses related to loans previously sold, or if the Corporation incurs increasing expenses to defend against such claims, its financial condition and results of operations would be negatively affected. Additionally, such actions would lower the Corporation’s capital ratios as a result of increased assets and reduced income through expenses and any losses incurred.

The Dodd-Frank Act may adversely impact the Corporation’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

If the Corporation is required to write-down goodwill and other intangible assets, its financial condition and results of operations would be negatively affected.

A substantial portion of the value of the merger consideration paid in connection with recent acquisitions was allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheet. The amount of the purchase price that is allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets is determined by the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable assets acquired. The Corporation is required to conduct an annual review to determine whether goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets are impaired.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of September 30th. An impairment test also could be triggered between annual testing dates if an event occurs, or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying amount. Examples of those events or circumstances would include a significant adverse change in business climate; a significant unanticipated loss of customers or assets under management; an unanticipated loss of key personnel; a sustained period of poor investment performance; a significant loss of deposits or loans; a significant reduction in profitability; or a significant change in loan credit quality.

The Corporation cannot assure that it will not be required to take an impairment charge in the future. Any material impairment charge would have a negative effect on the Corporation’s financial results and shareholders’ equity.

The Corporation’s Profitability Depends Significantly on Economic Conditions in the State of Ohio

The Corporation’s success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the State of Ohio and the specific local markets in which the Corporation operates. Unlike larger national or other regional banks that are more geographically diversified, the Corporation provides banking and financial services to customers primarily in the Ohio counties of Allen, Delaware, Franklin, Hancock, Huron, Putnam, Marion, Sandusky, Van Wert, and Wood. The local economic conditions in these areas have a significant impact on the demand for the Corporation’s products and services as well as the ability of the Corporation’s customers to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans and the stability of the Corporation’s deposit funding sources. A significant decline in general economic conditions, caused by inflation, significant supply chain disruptions, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences, unemployment, changes in securities markets or other factors could impact those local economic conditions and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Corporation Operates in a Highly Competitive Industry and Market Area

The Corporation faces substantial competition in all areas of its operations from a variety of different competitors, many of whom are larger and may have more financial resources. Such competitors primarily include national, regional, and community banks within the various markets the Corporation operates. The Corporation also faces competition from many other types of financial institutions, including, without limitation, savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, factoring companies and other financial intermediaries. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes as well as continued consolidation. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services as well as better pricing for those products and services than the Corporation can.

The Corporation’s ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:

	●	The ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term customer relationships based on top quality service, high ethical standards and safe, sound assets.

	●	The ability to expand the Corporation’s market position.

	●	The scope, relevance and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands.

	●	The rate at which the Corporation introduces new products and services relative to its competitors.

	●	Customer satisfaction with the Corporation’s level of service.

	●	Industry and general economic trends.

Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken the Corporation’s competitive position, which could adversely affect the Corporation’s growth and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Legislative or regulatory changes or actions could adversely impact our business

The financial services industry is extensively regulated. We are subject to extensive state and federal regulation, supervision and legislation that govern almost all aspects of our operations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended for the protection of consumers, depositors, borrowers, and the DIF, not to benefit our shareholders. Changes to laws and regulations or other actions by regulatory agencies may negatively impact us, possibly limiting the services we provide, increasing the ability of non-banks to compete with us or requiring us to change the way we operate. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the ability to impose restrictions on the operation of an institution and the ability to determine the adequacy of an institution’s allowance for loan losses. Failure by our bank or bank holding company to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and policies could result in sanctions being imposed by the regulatory agencies, including the imposition of civil money penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

The Corporation is subject to Environmental Liability Risk Associated with Lending Activities

A significant portion of the Corporation’s loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, the Corporation may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, the Corporation may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require the Corporation to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit the Corporation’s ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase the Corporation’s exposure to environmental liability. Although the Corporation may perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Corporation’s Controls and Procedures May Fail or Be Circumvented

Management regularly reviews and updates the Corporation’s internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the Corporation’s controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

UBOH Relies On Dividends from Its Subsidiary for Most of Its Revenue

UBOH is a separate and distinct legal entity from its subsidiary. It receives substantially all of its revenue from dividends from its subsidiaries. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on UBOH common stock, interest and principal on UBOH debt, and other operating expenses. Various federal and/or state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that Union Bank may pay to UBOH. Under these law and regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid by Union Bank in any calendar year is generally limited to the current year’s net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. In addition, the FDIC has issued policy statements that provide that insured banks should generally only pay dividends out of current operating earnings. Thus, the ability of Union Bank to pay dividends to UBOH in the future will be subject to Union Bank’s ability to earn profits in the future, and the federal statutory provisions, regulations, regulatory policies, and capital guidelines which are applicable to UBOH and Union Bank. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement provides, inter alia, that it is expected that dividends by a holding company will be eliminated in the event that a holding company is: (1) not reducing its debt consistent with the requirement that the debt-to-equity ratio be reduced to 0.30:1, or (2) not meeting the requirements of its loan agreement(s). Also, UBOH’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors. In the event Union Bank is unable to pay dividends to UBOH, UBOH may not be able to service debt, pay obligations or pay dividends on UBOH’s common stock or trust preferred securities. The inability to receive dividends from Union Bank could have a material adverse effect on UBOH’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Corporation May Not Be Able To Attract and Retain Skilled People

The Corporation’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities engaged in by the Corporation can be intense and the Corporation may not be able to hire such people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of the Corporation’s key personnel could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business because of their skills, knowledge of the Corporation’s market, years of industry experience, and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.

The Corporation’s Business could be Adversely Affected by Third-Party Service Providers, Data Breaches and Cyber-Attacks

The Corporation faces the risk of operational disruption, failure, or capacity constraints due to its dependency on third-party vendors for components of its business infrastructure. While the Corporation has selected these third-party vendors through its vendor management processes, the Corporation does not control their operations. As such, any failure on the part of these business partners to perform their various responsibilities could also adversely affect the Corporation’s business and operations.

Further, the Corporation may be affected by data breaches at retailers and other third parties who participate in data interchanges with the Corporation and its customers that involve the theft of customer credit and debit card data, which may include the theft of the Corporation’s debit card PIN numbers and commercial card information used to make purchases at such retailers and other third parties. Such data breaches could result in the Corporation’s incurring significant expenses to reissue debit cards and cover losses, which could result in a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s results of operations.

To date, the Corporation has not experienced any material losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, but there can be no assurance that the Corporation will not suffer such attacks or attempted breaches or incur resulting losses in the future. The Corporation’s risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats. The Corporation’s plans to continue to implement internet and mobile banking to meet customer demand, and the current economic and political environment. As cyber and other data security threats continue to evolve, the Corporation may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify and enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities.

The Corporation’s assets at risk for cyber-attacks include financial assets and non-public information belonging to customers. The Corporation utilizes several third-party vendors who have access to the Corporation’s assets via electronic media. Certain cyber security risks arise due to this access, including cyber espionage, blackmail, ransom, and theft. The Corporation employs many preventive and detective controls to protect its assets and provides mandatory recurring information security training to all employees. The Corporation maintains certain insurance coverage to prevent material financial loss from cyber-attacks.

The financial services industry, as well as the broader economy, may be subject to new legislation, regulation, and government policy.

With a recent shift in control of the House of Representatives in January 2023, we expect a more balanced approach to overall speed and severity of new legislation. The Democrats have retained control of the U.S. Senate, albeit with a slight majority of 51-49. Without control of both chambers of Congress, we expect the White House to pursue greater regulation and oversight through executive action. The expectation is that the White House will pursue greater oversight and will also pay increased attention to consumer fees as well as the banking sector’s role in providing COVID-19-related assistance. The prospects for the enactment of major banking reform legislation under the new Congress are unclear at this time. Moreover, the presidential administration, since taking office in January 2021, has produced, and likely will continue to produce, certain changes in the leadership and senior staffs of the federal banking agencies, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Treasury Department. The potential impact of any changes in agency personnel, policies and priorities on the financial services sector, including the Bank, cannot be predicted at this time.

The Corporation Continually Encounters Technological Change

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. The Corporation’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address the needs of its customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in the Corporation’s operations. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. The Corporation may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business and, in turn, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Emergence of nonbank alternatives to the financial system.

Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions. Technology and other changes, including the emergence of “Fintech Companies” are allowing parties to complete financial transactions through alternative methods that historically have involved banks. For example, consumers can complete transactions, such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost of deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Damage to the Corporation’s reputation could damage its businesses.

Maintaining trust in the Corporation is critical to our ability to attract and maintain customers, investors, and employees. Damage to our reputation can therefore cause significant harm to our business and prospects. Harm to our reputation can arise from numerous sources, including, among others, employee misconduct, security breaches, compliance failures, litigation or regulatory outcomes, or governmental investigations. Our reputation could also be harmed by the failure of an affiliate, a vendor or other third party with which we do business, to comply with laws or regulations. In addition, a failure or perceived failure to deliver appropriate standards of service and quality, to treat customers and clients fairly, or to handle or use confidential information of customers or clients appropriately or in compliance with applicable privacy laws and regulations can result in customer dissatisfaction, litigation and heightened regulatory scrutiny, all of which can lead to lost revenue, higher operating costs and harm to our reputation. Adverse publicity or negative information posted on social media websites regarding the Corporation, whether or not true, may result in harm to the prospects. Should any of these or other events or factors that can undermine our reputation occur, there is no assurance that the additional costs and expenses that we may need to incur to address the issues giving rise to the reputational harm could not adversely affect our earnings and results of operations, or that damage to our reputation will not impair our ability to retain our existing or attract new customers, investors and employees.

The Corporation Is Subject To Claims and Litigation Pertaining to Fiduciary Responsibility

From time to time, customers make claims and take legal action pertaining to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities. Whether customer claims and legal action related to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal action are not resolved in a manner favorable to the Corporation they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect the market perception of the Corporation and its products and services as well as impact customer demand for those products and services. Any financial liability or reputation damage could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Severe Weather, Natural Disasters, Acts of War or Terrorism and Other External Events Could Significantly Impact the Corporation’s Business

Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on the Corporation’s ability to conduct business. This could also include the potential effects of coronavirus on international trade, supply chains, travel, employee productivity and other economic activities. Such events could affect the stability of the Corporation’s deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue and/or cause the Corporation to incur additional expenses. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Associated with the Corporation’s Industry

The Earnings of Financial Services Companies are significantly affected by General Business and Economic Conditions

The Corporation’s operations and profitability are impacted by general business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, money supply, political issues, legislative and regulatory changes, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, broad trends in industry and finance, and the strength of the U.S. economy and the local economies in which the Corporation operates, all of which are beyond the Corporation’s control. Deterioration in economic conditions could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for the Corporation’s products and services, among other things, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Financial Services Companies Depend on the Accuracy and Completeness of Information about Customers and Counterparties

In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, the Corporation may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports and other financial information. The Corporation may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports or other financial information could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business and, in turn, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable

Item 2. Properties

At December 31, 2022, the Corporation and the Bank conducted its business from its headquarters and operations center at 105 Progressive Drive Columbus Grove, Ohio. There are eighteen full-service banking centers and three loan production offices in northwest and central Ohio listed below.

Full-Service Branch Locations:

Bowling Green		Kalida
1300 North Main Street		110 East North Street

Columbus Grove		Leipsic
101 Progressive Drive		318 South Belmore Street

Delaware		Lima
30 Coal Bend Road		701 Shawnee Road
		1410 Bellefontaine Avenue
Delphos		3211 Elida Road
114 East Third Street
		Marion
		111 South Main Street
Findlay		220 Richland Road
1500 Bright Road
		Westerville
Gahanna		468 Polari Parkway
461 Beecher Road
		Ottawa
Gibsonburg		245 West Main Street
230 West Madison Street
		Paulding
Pemberville		103 East Perry Street
132 East Front Street
Pemberville
132 East Front Street

Loan Production Offices:

Findlay		Marysville
222 S. Main St., Unit 1		240 W. Fifth St.

Plymouth
2660 US Highway 224 Suite 3

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

As of March 8, 2023, there are no pending legal proceedings to which the Corporation or its subsidiary are a party or to which any of their property is subject except routine legal proceedings to which the Corporation or its subsidiary are a party incident to its banking business. None of such proceedings are considered by the Corporation to be material.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Additional information required herein is incorporated by reference from (“Description of the Corporation”) United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2022 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13.

Stock Repurchase Program

The table below includes certain information regarding the Corporation’s repurchase of United Bancshares, Inc. common stock during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2022:

Period	Total number of shares purchased		Weighted Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of a publicly announced plan or program (1)		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan or program (1)
10/01/2022 - 10/31/2022		-	$	-		0		338,693

11/01/2022 - 11/30/2022		10,000	$	18.59		10,000		328,693

12/01/2022 - 12/31/2022		76,953	$	23.64		76,953		251,740

(1)

A stock repurchase program (“Plan”) was announced on July 29, 2005 (100,000 shares authorized) and expanded by 100,000 shares on December 23, 2005, 200,000 shares on March 20, 2007, 200,000 shares on December 17, 2014, and 200,000 shares on November 18, 2021. The Plan authorizes the Corporation to repurchase up to 800,000 of the Corporation’s common shares from time to time in a program of market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions as the securities laws and market conditions permit.

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

The information required herein is incorporated by reference from (“Five Year Summary of Selected Financial Data”) United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2022 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13.

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information required herein is incorporated by reference to page 5 through 17 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis”) of United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2022 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13.

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not required of smaller reporting companies.

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The information required herein is incorporated by reference from pages 19 through 64 of United Bancshares’ Annual Report to Shareholders for 2022 (“Annual Report”), which is included herein as Exhibit 13.

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Management of the Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. An evaluation was performed under the supervision, and with the participation, of the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022. Based on the results of the evaluation, and as of the time of that evaluation, the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The Corporation is responsible for the preparation, integrity, and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. Management of the Corporation and its subsidiary are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The purpose is to provide reasonable assurance to the Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Corporation’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Management maintains internal controls over financial reporting. The internal controls contain control processes, and actions are taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified. The internal controls are evaluated on an ongoing basis by the Corporation’s Management and Audit Committee. Even effective internal controls, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations – including the possibility of circumvention or overriding of controls – and therefore can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time.

Management assessed the Corporation’s internal controls as of December 31, 2022, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2022, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

There were no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.

Other Information

None.

PART III

Our Proxy Statement will be filed with the SEC no later than March 30, 2023, in preparation for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled for April 26, 2023. As permitted in Paragraph G(3) of the General Instructions for Form 10-K, we are incorporating by reference to that statement portions of the information required by Part III as noted in Item 10 through Item 14 below.

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

DIRECTORS

The nominees identified below have been nominated to serve as directors until the 2024 annual meeting of shareholders and until their respective successors are elected and qualified. Mr. Benroth, Mr. Huffman, Mr. Rigel, Mr. Roach, Mr. Schutt, Mr. Unverferth and Mr. Young are incumbent directors whose present terms will expire at the 2023 annual meeting. The following table sets forth information concerning the directors of United Bancshares:

Name	Age	Principal Occupation(1)	Positions Held with United Bancshares	Director of United Bancshares Since	Director of The Union Bank Company Since(2)

Robert L. Benroth	60	Putnam County Auditor and Chief Financial Officer	Director	2003	2001

Herbert H. Huffman	72	Retired Educator	Director	2018	1993

H. Edward Rigel	80	Farmer, Rigel Farms, Inc.	Director	2000	1979

David P. Roach	72	Vice-President and General Manager for First Family Broadcasting of Ohio(3)	Director	2001	1997

Daniel W. Schutt	75	Retired Banker(4)	Director and Chairman	2005	2005

R. Steven Unverferth	70	Chairman, Unverferth Manufacturing Company, Inc.	Director	2005	1993

Brian D. Young	56	President and Chief Executive Officer of United Bancshares(5)	Director, President and CEO	2012	2008

(1)	Except as otherwise indicated in this Proxy Statement, each nominee has held the occupation identified for at least five years preceding the date of this Proxy Statement.
(2)	Indicates year first elected or appointed to the Board of Directors of The Union Bank Company, a subsidiary of United Bancshares, or either of its former affiliate banks, Bank of Leipsic or the Citizens Bank of Delphos.
(3)	Mr. Roach previously served as a Manager at Maverick Media Radio Stations of Ohio.
(4)	Mr. Schutt is now retired. Mr. Schutt has served as Vice Chairman of United Bancshares since April of 2015 and Chairman since 2018.
(5)	Mr. Young is the current President and Chief Executive Officer of United Bancshares and has served in such capacity since August 2012.

The Board of Directors has set the size of the Board at seven directors. In the future, should the Board of Directors determine that additional new members would be beneficial to the Corporation, it will take action to increase the size of the Board and work with the Nominating Committee to find suitable candidates for placement on the Board.

Director Qualifications

Robert L. Benroth is a current director of United Bancshares and The Union Bank Company. He currently serves as Auditor and Chief Financial Officer for Putnam County. Mr. Benroth joined the Board of The Union Bank Company in 2001 and the Board of United Bancshares in 2003. He serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee, and is a member of the Nominating Committee and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Committee. Mr. Benroth is a past member of the Accountancy Board of Ohio.

Mr. Benroth brings to the Board a breadth of relevant experience in accounting and financial matters and serves as the Board’s “Audit Committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K. Further, Mr. Benroth brings to the Board an institutional knowledge of The Union Bank Company due to his extensive tenure as a member of its Board.

Herbert H. Huffman is a current director of United Bancshares and The Union Bank Company. He joined the Board of The Union Bank in 1993 and the Board of United Bancshares in 2018. Mr. Huffman is a retired educator who spent 35 years in the Ottawa-Glandorf school system. He earned a Bachelor’s degree from the University of Findlay and a Master’s degree from the University of Dayton. Mr. Huffman brings to the Board extensive knowledge of the Bank and the United Bancshares as well as many of the communities in which the Bank operates. Mr. Huffman is a member of the Compensation Committee and Audit Committee.

H. Edward Rigel is currently a director of United Bancshares and a director of The Union Bank Company. He joined the Board of the Bank of Leipsic in 1979 (and, subsequent to the acquisition of the Bank of Leipsic by The Union Bank Company, the Board of The Union Bank Company in 2000) and the Board of United Bancshares in 2000. He is also President of Rigel Farms, Inc., a role that he has occupied since 1979. Mr. Rigel serves as Chairman of the Nominating Committee and is a member of the Audit Committee.

Mr. Rigel’s executive and management experience have equipped him to contribute to the Board’s oversight of the Corporation’s management and business activities. He also brings to the Board an institutional knowledge of the Bank of Leipsic, The Union Bank Company and United Bancshares due to his extensive tenures on those respective Boards.

David P. Roach is currently a director of United Bancshares and a director of The Union Bank Company. He joined the Board of the Citizens Bank of Delphos in 1997 (and, subsequent to the acquisition of the Citizens Bank of Delphos by The Union Bank Company, the Board of The Union Bank Company in 2001) and the Board of United Bancshares in 2001. He is currently the Vice-President and General Manager for First Family Broadcasting of Ohio. Mr. Roach is a member of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee.

Mr. Roach’s extensive executive and management experience have equipped him to contribute to the Board’s oversight of management and business activities. Further, Mr. Roach brings relevant experience and an institutional knowledge of the Corporation developed through his long tenure on the Citizens Bank of Delphos, The Union Bank Company and United Bancshares Boards.

Daniel W. Schutt is currently a director and has served in that capacity for The Union Bank Company and United Bancshares since 2005. Mr. Schutt has also served as Vice Chairman of United Bancshares since April of 2015 and has served as Chairman of United Bancshares since April of 2018. Mr. Schutt formerly served as President and Chief Executive Officer of United Bancshares from January 2005 until his retirement in July 2012. He also served as President of The Union Bank Company from January 2005 to March 2010 and as its Chief Executive Officer and Chairman from January 2005 until his retirement from those roles in July 2012. Mr. Schutt is a member of the Nominating Committee and Compensation Committee.

Mr. Schutt brings valuable insight and industry knowledge to the Board with over 40 years of experience, including over 25 years of experience as an executive, within the banking industry. During his tenure as past President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Schutt has developed unique insights into the business activities of the Corporation and its subsidiaries and provides a wealth of institutional knowledge to the Board.

R. Steven Unverferth is currently a director of United Bancshares and The Union Bank Company. He is also the current Chairman and former President of Unverferth Manufacturing Company, Inc., a large agricultural equipment manufacturer. Mr. Unverferth became affiliated with the Board of The Union Bank Company in 1993 and joined the Board of United Bancshares in 2005. Mr. Unverferth serves as the Chairman of the Compensation Committee and is a member of the Audit Committee.

Mr. Unverferth brings to the Board an extensive executive management and agricultural experience which equip him to contribute to the Board’s oversight of the Corporation’s management and business activities. Further, Mr. Unverferth brings to the Board an institutional knowledge of The Union Bank Company due to his extensive tenure as a member of its Board.

Brian D. Young is currently a director and the President and Chief Executive Officer of United Bancshares and The Union Bank Company. Mr. Young has been a director of The Union Bank Company since 2008 and of United Bancshares since 2012.

Mr. Young brings to the Board extensive experience in all aspects of the bank operations and management. Having served in numerous roles at The Union Bank Company and United Bancshares over the past 18 years, Mr. Young provides invaluable insight and institutional knowledge and provides the Board information as to the operations of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, identifying near- and long-term challenges and opportunities for the Corporation.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table identifies each of the current executive officers of United Bancshares.

Name	Age	Principal Occupation	Positions Held with United Bancshares	Director of United Bancshares Since	Director of The Union Bank Company Since

Denise Giesige	55	Secretary of United Bancshares(1)	Secretary	N/A	N/A

Klint D. Manz	39	Chief Financial Officer(2)	CFO	N/A	N/A

Brian D. Young	56	President and Chief Executive Officer of United Bancshares	Director, President and CEO	2012	2008

(1)

Ms. Giesige was appointed the Secretary of United Bancshares and Human Resource Manager of The Union Bank Company on September 5, 2022. Prior to this appointment, Ms. Giesige served as the interim Secretary since July 19, 2022, and as Human Resource Specialist for The Union Bank Company since January 14, 2022. Ms. Giesige has been with the Company for 21 years.

(2)

Mr. Manz was appointed the Chief Financial Officer on July 19, 2022. Prior to this appointment, Mr. Manz served at The Union Bank Company as the Chief Lending Officer since January 1, 2021, and the Loan Product Manager since December 2, 2019. Mr. Manz has maintained his role as the Chief Lending Officer. Prior to this time Mr. Manz served as Assistant Controller, Profitability Account Manager and Commercial/Agriculture Lender with a bank with assets in excess of $3 billion.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors Meetings

The Board of Directors met 12 times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and each director attended at least 75% of the combined total of meetings of the Board of Directors and meetings of each committee on which such director served during 2022. United Bancshares encourages its directors to attend its Annual Meetings of Shareholders. However, one director was not able to attend the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. All of the directors of United Bancshares also serve as directors of United Bancshares’ depository subsidiary, The Union Bank Company. Independent members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation meet in executive session without management present, and are scheduled to do so at least two times per year. The Board of Directors has designated Daniel W. Schutt as the presiding director for these meetings.

Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight

The Chairman of the Board is an outside director and presides at meetings of the Board. The Chairman is appointed on an annual basis by at least a majority vote of the remaining directors. Currently, the offices of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are separated. Such separation enables the Chairman to devote his time to managing the Board and the Chief Executive Officer to focus on the operations of the Corporation. The Corporation has no fixed policy with respect to separation of the offices of the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and the Board believes it is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders to review the leadership structure from time to time.

The Board of Directors is responsible for consideration and oversight of risks facing the Corporation, and is responsible for ensuring that material risks are identified and managed appropriately. Several oversight functions are delegated to committees of the Board with such committees regularly reporting to the full Board the results of their respective oversight activities. As part of this process, the Board reviews management’s risk-assessment process and periodically reviews the most important enterprise risks to ensure that compensation programs do not encourage excessive risk-taking. Additional review or reporting on enterprise risks is conducted as needed or as requested by the Board or a Board committee.

Shareholder Communications

Our shareholders may communicate directly with the members of the Board of Directors or the individual chairman of standing committees of the Board of Directors by writing directly to those individuals at the following address: 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, Ohio 45830. The Corporation’s general policy is to forward, and not to intentionally screen, any mail received at the Corporation’s corporate office that is sent directly to members of the Corporation’s Board of Directors.

Hedging Practices

The Corporation has not adopted any practice or policies regarding the ability of directors or employees (including officers), or their designees, to purchase financial instruments, or otherwise engage in transactions, that are designed to hedge or offset any decrease in the market value of the Company’s stock held by such insiders.

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Nominating Committee

The Corporation has a Nominating Committee, the members of which are H. Edward Rigel (Chairman), Robert L. Benroth, David P. Roach and Daniel W. Schutt. Each member of the Nominating Committee is independent within the meaning of applicable NASDAQ Rules. The Nominating Committee, which was formed in 2003, is responsible for reviewing the qualifications of potential candidates for the Board of Directors, including those potential candidates submitted by shareholders. In addition, the Nominating Committee recommends to the Board of Directors candidates for election as directors at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders and candidates to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors. United Bancshares does not have a formal policy regarding consideration of such recommendations; however, any recommendations received from shareholders will be evaluated in the same manner that potential nominees suggested by the Board of Directors are evaluated, as described below. Shareholders may send director nomination recommendations to the Secretary of the Corporation at 105 Progressive Drive, Columbus Grove, Ohio 45830. In addition, any shareholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as directors by following the procedures outlined in the Corporation’s Code of Regulations.

The Nominating Committee of our Board of Directors considers candidates to fill new directorships created by expansion and vacancies that may occur and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect to such candidates. The Board has not adopted a policy with respect to minimum qualifications for directors, rather the Nominating Committee evaluates each individual in the context of the Board as a whole, with the objective of recommending a group of persons that can best implement our business plan, perpetuate our business and represent shareholder interests. It is a policy of the Nominating Committee that candidates for director possess the highest personal and professional integrity, have demonstrated exceptional ability and judgment, and have skills and expertise appropriate for the Corporation and serving the long-term interest of the Corporation’s shareholders. The committee, in making its nominations, considers all relevant qualifications of candidates for board membership, including, among other things, factors such as an individual’s business experience, industry knowledge and experience, financial background, breadth of knowledge about issues affecting the Corporation, public company experience, bank and other regulatory experience, diversity, current employment and other board memberships, and whether the candidate will be independent under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Global Select Market. In some cases, the Nominating Committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific Board needs that arise from time to time. In the case of incumbent directors whose terms of office are set to expire, the committee also reviews such director’s overall service to the Corporation during his or her term and any relationships and transactions that might impair such director’s independence.

While the Corporation does not have a formal diversity policy for Board membership, the Board seeks directors who represent a mix of backgrounds and experiences that will enhance the quality of the Board’s deliberations and decisions. The Nominating Committee considers, among other factors, diversity with respect to viewpoint, skills, experience and community involvement in its evaluation of candidates for Board membership. Such diversity considerations are discussed by the Nominating Committee in connection with the general qualifications of each potential nominee.

The Nominating Committee’s process for identifying and evaluating nominees is as follows: (1) in the case of incumbent directors whose terms of office are set to expire, the Nominating Committee reviews such directors’ overall service to the Corporation during their term, including the number of meetings attended, level of participation, quality of performance, and any related party transactions with the Corporation during the applicable time period; and (2) in the case of new director candidates, the Nominating Committee first conducts any appropriate and necessary inquiries into the backgrounds and qualifications of possible candidates after considering the function and needs of the Board of Directors. The Nominating Committee may conduct an interview of a possible candidate and then meet to discuss and consider such candidate’s qualifications, including whether the nominee is independent for purposes of the NASDAQ Rules. It then selects a candidate for recommendation to the Board of Directors by majority vote. In seeking potential nominees, the Nominating Committee uses its network of contacts and those who have expressed interest to compile a list of potential candidates. To date, the Nominating Committee has not paid a fee to any third party to assist in the process of identifying or evaluating director candidates.

The Nominating Committee meets as many times as necessary to determine the nominees for the Board of Directors for the next Annual Meeting. The Nominating Committee met a total of two times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. The Nominating Committee has adopted a written charter which may be found on the Corporation’s website at http://ir.theubank.com.

Compensation Committee

United Bancshares has a Compensation Committee, the members of which are Herbert H. Huffman, David P. Roach, Daniel W. Schutt and R. Steven Unverferth (Chairman). Each member of the Compensation Committee is independent within the meaning of applicable NASDAQ Rules and all are non-employee directors within the meaning of Section 162 of the Internal Revenue Code and Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act. In determining the independence of Compensation Committee members, the Board of Directors considers the source and amount of compensation received by the members and whether the member is affiliated with the Corporation or its subsidiary. The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing the compensation, performance and retention related issues with respect to the executive officers of United Bancshares. A written charter for the Compensation Committee was adopted on February 18, 2014, as required by NASDAQ Rule 5605(d)(1), which may be found on the Corporation’s website at http://ir.theubank.com. The Compensation Committee met two times during 2022.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for developing recommendations with respect to the compensation to be paid to the Corporation’s executive officers and for the performance review of the Chief Executive Officer as well as developing the executive compensation principles, policies and programs for all of our executive officers. In establishing the final compensation for the named executive officers, the Compensation Committee proposes the compensation amounts to the Board of Directors, which makes any necessary changes to the compensation and gives final approval of the compensation. The Compensation Committee has the sole authority to engage the services of any compensation consultant or advisor. The corporation did not engage any such consultant or advisor with respect to compensation in 2022. Brian D. Young, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, participated with respect to compensation decisions concerning other executive officers of the Corporation for 2022, but did not participate with respect to any determinations regarding his own compensation.

Audit Committee

The Corporation has an Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the members of which are R. Steven Unverferth, H. Edward Rigel, Herbert H. Huffman and Robert L. Benroth (Chairman). The Audit Committee was created and a written charter for the Audit Committee was adopted on August 8, 2000, and amended on February 15, 2005. All of the members of the Audit Committee are (i) independent directors as defined in NASDAQ Rule 5605(a)(2); (ii) meet the criteria for independence set forth in Rule 10A(m)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (iii) have not participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the Corporation or any current subsidiary of the Corporation at any time during the past three years. The Board of Directors has determined that Robert L. Benroth is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Audit Committee has the sole authority to retain and dismiss the independent auditors and reviews their performance and independence with management. The primary functions of the Audit Committee are to oversee: (i) the audit of the financial statements of the Corporation provided to the SEC, the Corporation’s shareholders and to the general public; (ii) the Corporation’s internal financial and accounting controls and processes; and (iii) the independent audit process. The Audit Committee met a total of six times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. A copy of the Audit Committee Charter may be found on the Corporation’s website at http://ir.theubank.com.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

The Audit Committee has (i) reviewed and discussed our audited financial statements for 2022 with our management: (ii) discussed with our independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB and the Commission, (iii) received the written disclosures and the letter from our independent registered public accounting firm required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent accountant's communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence; and (iv) has discussed with our independent registered public accounting firm its independence. Based on the review and discussions with management and our independent registered public accounting firm referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the board that the audited financial statements be included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Audit Committee

R. Steven Unverferth

H. Edward Rigel

Herbert H. Huffman

Robert L. Benroth, Chairman

DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires United Bancshares’ officers and directors and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Corporation’s equity securities to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required to furnish United Bancshares with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Except as otherwise indicated below, and based solely on review of the copies of such forms filed electronically with the Commission, or written representations from certain reporting persons that no additional reports were required, the Corporation believes that during 2022 all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its officers and directors were met.

SEC Form 10-K filed by United Bancshares Inc.