SEC Form 10-Q filed by AAR Corp.

9/23/25 5:27:54 PM ET

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AAR CORP_August 31, 2025

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended August 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-6263

AAR CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		36-2334820
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One AAR Place, 1100 N. Wood Dale Road Wood Dale, Illinois		60191
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(630) 227-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock, $1.00 par value

AIR

New York Stock Exchange

NYSE Texas

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 31, 2025 there were 36,112,491 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended August 31, 2025

Table of Contents

		Page
Part I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	35

Part II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 5.	Other Information	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	37

Exhibit Index		37
Signatures		38

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements

AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025

(In millions, except share data)


ASSETS

	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
	(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	80.0	$	96.5
Restricted cash		11.6		12.7
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $12.4 and $10.7, respectively		363.5		354.8
Contract assets		146.7		140.3
Inventories		861.5		809.2
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		103.6		97.1
Total current assets		1,566.9		1,510.6

Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $285.1 and $278.7, respectively		161.9		158.5

Other assets:
Goodwill		543.1		530.8
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $33.6 and $29.5, respectively		225.9		219.6
Rotable assets supporting long-term programs		173.4		172.4
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		91.0		93.3
Other non-current assets		167.5		159.4
		1,200.9		1,175.5
	$	2,929.7	$	2,844.6

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial

Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025

(In millions, except share data)


LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
	(Unaudited)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	313.5	$	303.1
Accrued liabilities		225.0		251.6
Total current liabilities		538.5		554.7

Long-term debt		1,022.1		968.0
Operating lease liabilities		77.9		79.6
Deferred tax liabilities		21.5		18.4
Other liabilities		20.4		12.3
		1,141.9		1,078.3

Equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, authorized 250,000 shares; none issued		––		––
Common stock, $1.00 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 45,300,786 shares at cost		45.3		45.3
Capital surplus		503.5		505.2
Retained earnings		1,003.8		969.4
Treasury stock, 9,188,295 and 9,470,781 shares at cost, respectively		(298.1)		(302.7)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5.2)		(5.6)
Total equity		1,249.3		1,211.6
	$	2,929.7	$	2,844.6

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial

Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024

(Unaudited)

(In millions, except share data)


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Sales:
Sales from products	$	487.8	$	396.9
Sales from services		251.8		264.8
		739.6		661.7
Cost of sales:
Cost of products		400.7		331.1
Cost of services		205.2		213.4
		605.9		544.5
Gross profit		133.7		117.2
Provision for credit losses		0.6		0.2
Selling, general, and administrative		71.2		75.9
Earnings from joint ventures		3.0		2.3
Operating income		64.9		43.4
Gains (Losses) related to sale and exit of businesses, net		0.7		(0.1)
Other expense, net		(0.1)		(0.1)
Interest expense		(18.8)		(18.8)
Interest income		0.3		0.5
Income before income taxes		47.0		24.9
Income tax expense		12.6		6.9
Net income	$	34.4	$	18.0

Earnings per share - basic	$	0.96	$	0.50
Earnings per share – diluted		0.95		0.50

Share data used for earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic		35.7		35.2
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted		35.9		35.6

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial

Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024

(Unaudited)

(In millions)


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Net income	$	34.4	$	18.0
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments		0.4		1.5
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		0.4		1.5
Comprehensive income	$	34.8	$	19.5

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial

Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024

(Unaudited)

(In millions)


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Cash flows used in operating activities:
Net income	$	34.4	$	18.0
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		13.8		13.5
Amortization of financing costs		0.7		0.7
Stock-based compensation expense		5.3		5.0
Earnings from joint ventures		(3.0)		(2.3)
Provision for credit losses		0.6		0.2
Gain on sale of business		(1.0)		—
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(8.5)		(23.7)
Contract assets		(6.4)		(24.5)
Inventories		(51.8)		(14.8)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3.5		(8.5)
Rotable assets supporting long-term programs		(3.5)		(6.5)
Accounts payable		10.0		19.4
Accrued and other liabilities		(26.7)		(10.9)
Other		(12.3)		15.8
Net cash used in operating activities		(44.9)		(18.6)
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Property, plant, and equipment expenditures		(8.7)		(7.9)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(11.9)		2.9
Other		(3.2)		(0.3)
Net cash used in investing activities		(23.8)		(5.3)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term borrowings		153.0		—
Short-term borrowings (repayments), net		(97.0)		(5.0)
Financing costs		(2.5)		—
Stock compensation activity		(2.4)		(4.1)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		51.1		(9.1)
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(17.6)		(33.0)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		109.2		96.1
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	91.6	$	63.1

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial

Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024

(Unaudited)

(In millions)


									Accumulated
									Other
	Common		Capital		Retained		Treasury		Comprehensive
	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Stock		Loss		Total Equity
Balance, May 31, 2025	$	45.3	$	505.2	$	969.4	$	(302.7)	$	(5.6)	$	1,211.6
Net income		—		—		34.4		—		—		34.4
Stock option activity		—		2.5		—		4.2		—		6.7
Restricted stock activity		—		(4.2)		—		0.4		—		(3.8)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—		0.4		0.4
Balance, August 31, 2025	$	45.3	$	503.5	$	1,003.8	$	(298.1)	$	(5.2)	$	1,249.3


									Accumulated
									Other
	Common		Capital		Retained		Treasury		Comprehensive
	Stock		Surplus		Earnings		Stock		Loss		Total Equity
Balance, May 31, 2024	$	45.3	$	493.9	$	956.9	$	(297.5)	$	(8.8)	$	1,189.8
Net income		—		—		18.0		—		—		18.0
Stock option activity		—		0.9		—		0.2		—		1.1
Restricted stock activity		—		(4.4)		—		4.2		—		(0.2)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—		1.5		1.5
Balance, August 31, 2024	$	45.3	$	490.4	$	974.9	$	(293.1)	$	(7.3)	$	1,210.2

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial

Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Basis of Presentation

AAR CORP. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein collectively as “AAR,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our,” unless the context indicates otherwise. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of AAR and its subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.

We have prepared these statements without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of May 31, 2025 has been derived from audited financial statements. To prepare the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain information and note disclosures, normally included in comprehensive financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations of the SEC. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2025.

In the opinion of management, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments (which consist only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet of AAR CORP. and its subsidiaries as of August 31, 2025, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, and the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year presentation to conform to the fiscal 2026 presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU updates income tax disclosure requirements by requiring specific categories and greater disaggregation within the income tax rate reconciliation and disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU would be applied on a prospective basis with retrospective application permitted. We expect this ASU to only impact our disclosures with no impacts to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU includes new disclosure requirements about specific expense categories, including but not limited to, purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and selling expenses that are included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and the ASU can be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. We expect this ASU to only impact our disclosures with no impacts to our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

2. Acquisitions

Acquisition of Aerostrat

On August 11, 2025, we acquired the outstanding shares of Aerostrat Corp. (“Aerostrat”) for a base purchase price of $15.0 million plus contingent consideration of up to $5.0 million. Aerostrat is a leading long-range maintenance planning software provider used by airlines, maintenance, repair, and overhaul (“MRO”) facilities, and cargo companies to automate complex scheduling, ensure production capacity, and simplify aircraft allocation.

The base purchase price was paid at closing except for $3.1 million which was placed on deposit with an escrow agent to secure potential indemnification obligations and fund post-closing adjustments for working capital and indebtedness. The contingent consideration includes $1.0 million subject to the successful launch of certain product offering by December 31, 2026 and up to $4.0 million based on the achievement of adjusted revenue targets by August 1, 2028. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was $5.0 million at the acquisition date and has been included in the purchase price.

We accounted for the acquisition using the acquisition method and included the results of Aerostrat’s operations in our consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the acquisition. Aerostrat’s results are reported within our Integrated Solutions segment. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition of $0.5 million were expensed as incurred.

The purchase price was allocated to identifiable assets and liabilities based on information available at the date of acquisition. The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary and will potentially change in future periods as fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are finalized, including those related to working capital and intangible assets. The final determination of the fair values will be completed within the one-year measurement period. The preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows:


Current assets	$	0.7
Intangible assets		10.3
Deferred revenue		(0.6)
Deferred tax liabilities		(2.6)
Net assets acquired		7.8
Goodwill		12.3
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	20.1

Acquired amortizable intangible assets include customer relationships of $4.7 million and developed technology of $4.9 million which are being amortized over 10 years and 20 years, respectively. Intangible assets also include tradenames of $0.7 million which are indefinite-lived. The goodwill associated with the Aerostrat acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes and is primarily attributable to the benefits we expect to derive from expected synergies including complementary products and services, cross-selling opportunities and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as their assembled workforce.

Acquisition of Triumph Group’s Product Support Business

On March 1, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Triumph Group, Inc.’s Product Support business (“Product Support”) for an initial purchase price of $725.0 million. The post-closing adjustments for cash, working capital and indebtedness were resolved in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 resulting in a $2.9 million reduction in the purchase price. Product Support is a leading global provider of specialized MRO capabilities for critical aircraft components in the commercial and defense markets, providing MRO services for structural components, engine and airframe accessories, interior refurbishment and wheels and brakes. Product Support also designs proprietary designated engineering representative repairs and parts manufacturer approval parts.

Product Support’s results are reported within our Repair & Engineering segment. The purchase price was paid at closing and was funded with debt financing.We accounted for the acquisition using the acquisition method and included the results of Product Support’s operations in our consolidated financial statements from the effective date of the acquisition.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

The final fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows:


Accounts receivable	$	42.3
Contract assets		18.7
Inventory		62.8
Rotable assets		21.9
Property & equipment		44.6
Intangible assets		179.4
Investment in joint venture		17.9
Other assets		4.1
Accounts payable		(21.6)
Other liabilities		(14.9)
Net assets acquired		355.2
Goodwill		364.8
Purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	720.0

Acquired amortizable intangible assets include customer relationships of $96.1 million and developed technology of $83.3 million which are being amortized over 12.5 years and 20 years, respectively. The goodwill associated with the Product Support acquisition is deductible for tax purposes and is primarily attributable to the benefits we expect to derive from expected synergies including facility rationalization, complementary products and services, cross-selling opportunities, in-sourcing repair services and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as their assembled workforce.

As part of our integration activities, we are consolidating our facility footprint which includes closing our Garden City, New York component repair facility and relocating those operations to certain Product Support facilities. We expect to have the transition of the facility’s operations completed in fiscal 2026. Expenses recognized for integration activities, including facility closure costs, product line exits, severance, retention, and other related costs were $1.0 million and $1.5 million during the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Acquisition of Trax USA Corp.

On March 20, 2023, we acquired the outstanding shares of Trax USA Corp. (“Trax”) for a purchase price of $120.0 million plus contingent consideration of up to $20.0 million based on Trax’s adjusted revenue in calendar years 2023 and 2024. Trax is a leading provider of aircraft MRO and fleet management software supporting a broad spectrum of maintenance activities for a diverse global customer base of airlines and MROs.

The purchase price was paid at closing except for $12.0 million which was placed on deposit with an escrow agent to secure potential indemnification obligations and fund post-closing adjustments for working capital and indebtedness. The post-closing adjustments for working capital and indebtedness were finalized in the second quarter of fiscal 2024, resulting in a purchase price reduction of $1.8 million and the release of $3.0 million from escrow. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, an additional $4.4 million was released from escrow. The remaining escrow balance of $5.3 million is expected to be released in fiscal 2026.

The contingent consideration is based on an adjusted cumulative revenue target across calendar years 2023 and 2024. The adjusted cumulative revenue target is based on revenue recognized under U.S. GAAP adjusted for certain events related to deferred revenue, customer commitments, and other adjustments. The contingent consideration also required certain of the former owners’ continued employment through December 31, 2024 and is treated as compensation expense within Selling, general and administrative expenses.

We recognized compensation expense of $1.5 million in the three-month period ended August 31, 2024. As of August 31, 2025, we had a contingent consideration liability of $8.1 million, which was classified as Accrued liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. We expect to finalize the contingent consideration in fiscal 2026.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

3. Discontinued Operations

During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, we decided to pursue the sale of our Contractor-Owned, Contractor-Operated (“COCO”) business previously included in our Expeditionary Services segment. Due to this strategic shift, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of our COCO business have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures throughout these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements relate to our continuing operations.

Following the sale of the last operating contract of the COCO business in 2020, our continuing involvement in the COCO business is limited to the lease of certain aircraft which is an obligation of the acquirer of the COCO business. The assets and liabilities of our discontinued operations are primarily comprised of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease-related liabilities. Assets of discontinued operations are classified within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $5.2 million and $6.2 million as of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, respectively. Liabilities of discontinued operations are classified within Accrued liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $4.9 million and $5.8 million as of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, respectively.

4. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

Our unit of accounting for revenue recognition is a performance obligation included in our customer contracts. A performance obligation reflects the distinct good or service that we must transfer to a customer. At contract inception, we evaluate if the contract should be accounted for as a single performance obligation or if the contract contains multiple performance obligations. In some cases, our contract with the customer is considered one performance obligation as it includes factors such as whether the good or service being provided is significantly integrated with other promises in the contract, whether the service provided significantly modifies or customizes another good or service or whether the good or service is highly interdependent or interrelated. If the contract has more than one performance obligation, we determine the standalone price of each distinct good or service underlying each performance obligation and allocate the transaction price based on their relative standalone selling prices.

The transaction price of a contract, which can include both fixed and variable amounts, is allocated to each performance obligation identified. Some contracts contain variable consideration, which could include incremental fees or penalty provisions related to performance. Variable consideration that can be reasonably estimated based on current assumptions and historical information is included in the transaction price at the inception of the contract but limited to the amount that is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. Variable consideration that cannot be reasonably estimated is recorded when known.

Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time based on transfer of control of products and services to our customers. The majority of our sales from products typically represent distinct performance obligations and are recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment. In connection with certain sales of products, we also provide logistics services, which include inventory management, replenishment, and other related services. The price of such services is generally included in the price of the products delivered to the customer, and revenues are recognized upon delivery of the product, at which point the customer has obtained control of the product. We do not account for these services separate from the related product sales as the services are inputs required to fulfill part orders received from customers.

For our performance obligations that are satisfied over time, we measure progress in a manner that depicts the performance of transferring control to the customer. As such, we utilize the input method of cost-to-cost to recognize revenue over time as this depicts when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer. Revenue is recognized based on the relationship of actual costs incurred to date to the estimated total cost at completion of the performance obligation.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

We are required to make certain judgments and estimates, including estimated revenues and costs, as well as inflation and the overall profitability of the arrangement. Key assumptions involved can include customer volume, future labor costs and efficiencies, repair or overhaul costs, overhead costs, and ultimate timing of product delivery. Differences may occur between the judgments and estimates made by management and actual program results. For contracts that are deemed to be loss contracts, we establish forward loss reserves for total estimated costs that are in excess of total estimated consideration in the period in which they become known.

We utilize the portfolio approach to estimate the amount of revenue to recognize for certain contracts which require over time revenue recognition. Such contracts are grouped together either by revenue stream, customer or product line with each portfolio of contracts grouped together based on having similar characteristics. The portfolio approach is utilized only when the result of the accounting is not expected to be materially different than if applied to individual contracts.

We also may enter into offset agreements or conditions as part of obtaining orders for our products and services from certain government customers in foreign countries. These agreements are designed to enhance the social and economic environment of the foreign country by requiring the contractor to promote investment in the country. These agreements also may be satisfied through our use of cash or other means of providing financial support for in-country projects with local companies. The amounts ultimately applied against our offset agreements are based on negotiations with the customer and satisfaction of our offset obligations are included in the estimates of our total costs to complete the contract.

When contracts are modified, we consider whether the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Contract modifications that are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract, due to the significant integration with the original goods or services provided, are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract with the effect of the contract modification recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. When the modifications include additional performance obligations that are distinct, they are accounted for as a new contract and performance obligation, which are recognized prospectively.

Certain contracts with customers have options for the customer to acquire additional goods or services. In most cases, the pricing of these options are reflective of the standalone selling price of the good or service. These options do not provide the customer with a material right and are accounted for only when the customer exercises the option to purchase the additional goods or services. If the option on the customer contract was not indicative of the standalone selling price of the good or service, the material right would be accounted for as a separate performance obligation.

Under most of our U.S. government contracts, if the contract is terminated for convenience, we are entitled to payment for items delivered and fair compensation for work performed, the costs of settling and paying other claims, and a reasonable profit on the costs incurred or committed.

In the performance of our government contracts, we routinely request contract modifications that require additional funding from the customer. Most often, these requests are due to customer-directed changes in the scope of work. While we are entitled to recovery of these costs under our contracts, the administrative process with our customer may be protracted. Based on the circumstances, we periodically file requests for equitable adjustment (“REAs”) that are sometimes converted into claims. In some cases, these REAs are disputed by our customer. We believe our outstanding modifications, REAs and other similar claims will be resolved without material impact to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, agencies of the U.S. and other governments audit our claimed costs and conduct inquiries and investigations of our business practices with respect to government contracts to determine whether our operations are conducted in accordance with these requirements and the terms of the relevant contracts. U.S. government agencies, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”), routinely audit our claimed indirect costs, for compliance with the Cost Accounting Standards and the Federal Acquisition Regulations. These agencies also conduct reviews and investigations and make inquiries regarding our accounting and other systems in connection with our performance and business practices with respect to our government contracts and subcontracts.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Costs to fulfill and obtain a contract are considered for capitalization based on contract specific facts and circumstances. The incremental costs to fulfill a contract, including setup and implementation costs prior to beginning the period of performance, are capitalized when expenses are incurred prior to the start of satisfying a performance obligation. The capitalized costs are subsequently expensed over the contract’s period of performance.

We have elected to use certain practical expedients permitted under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. Shipping and handling fees and costs incurred associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in Cost of sales on our Consolidated Statements of Income, and are not considered a performance obligation to our customers. Our reported Sales on our Consolidated Statements of Income include sales and related non-income taxes. We also utilize the “as invoiced” practical expedient in certain cases where performance obligations are satisfied over time and the invoiced amount corresponds directly with the value we are providing to the customer.

Cumulative Catch-up Adjustments

Changes in estimates and assumptions related to our arrangements accounted for using the cost-to-cost method are recorded using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. These changes are primarily adjustments to the estimated profitability for our long-term programs where we provide component inventory management, supply chain logistics programs, and/or repair services.

For the three-month period ended August 31, 2025, we recognized no cumulative catch-up adjustments. For the three-month period ended August 31, 2024, we recognized favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments of $2.4 million.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The timing of revenue recognition, customer billings, and cash collections results in a contract asset or contract liability at the end of each reporting period. For instances where we recognize revenue prior to having an unconditional right to payment, we record a contract asset or liability. When an unconditional right to consideration exists, we reduce our contract asset or liability and recognize an unbilled or trade receivable. When amounts are dependent on factors other than the passage of time in order for payment from a customer to be due, we record a contract asset which consists of costs incurred where revenue recognized over time using the cost-to-cost model exceeds the amounts billed to customers. Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Certain customers make advance payments prior to the satisfaction of our performance obligations on the contract. These amounts are recorded as contract liabilities until such performance obligations are satisfied, either over time as costs are incurred or at a point in time when deliveries are made. Contract assets and contract liabilities are determined on a contract-by-contract basis.

Net contract assets and liabilities are as follows:


	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025		Change
Contract assets – current	$	146.7	$	140.3	$	6.4
Contract assets – non-current		33.2		28.4		4.8
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue – current		(32.3)		(40.3)		8.0
Deferred revenue on long-term contracts		(8.4)		(6.4)		(2.0)
Net contract assets	$	139.2	$	122.0	$	17.2

Contract assets – non-current is reported within Other non-current assets, deferred revenue – current is reported within Accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue on long-term contracts is reported within Other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from the timing difference between our performance of services and payments from customers.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

During fiscal 2024, we experienced delayed collections from one of our significant regional airline customers and issued the customer a Notice of Payment and Other Defaults during the second quarter of fiscal 2024 to request payment and reserve our rights under our agreements. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we terminated a power-by-the-hour (“PBH”) program with this customer which resulted in a net termination charge of $4.8 million. The charge included a reduction in contract assets and revenue of $7.8 million and the establishment of repair reserves of $2.5 million partially offset by a $5.5 million gain recognized from the customer’s obligation to purchase the rotable assets we utilized to perform the PBH services. In conjunction with the termination for default, the customer was obligated to purchase the rotable assets, and we sold the assets to the customer in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 for $18.7 million.

We expect full payment from the customer of all amounts due under the terminated agreement and all other agreements and do not believe a reserve for credit loss is warranted. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2025 included accounts receivable of $33.5 million, including $9.0 million past due, and contract assets of $3.2 million related to this customer.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, our Mobility business received a stop-work order from our U.S. Government customer on the Next Generation Pallet contract as the program was terminated for convenience by the customer. Under the conditions for the termination for convenience, we have the right to submit a proposal for recovery of our incurred costs. In conjunction with the termination, we expensed equipment and inventory of $12.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and recognized a contract asset of $9.5 million reflecting the estimated recovery on our incurred costs.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2025, we submitted our termination settlement proposal to the customer and increased our contract asset to $13.5 million based on the revised estimated recovery. In conjunction with the termination settlement proposal submission, we also expensed an additional $1.0 million of equipment and other costs.

Changes in our deferred revenue were as follows for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Deferred revenue at beginning of period	$	(46.7)	$	(21.9)
Revenue deferred		(87.0)		(84.4)
Revenue recognized		93.7		74.2
Other ⁽¹⁾		(0.7)		3.9
Deferred revenue at end of period	$	(40.7)	$	(28.2)

(1)Other includes cumulative catch-up adjustments, foreign currency translation, acquisitions, and other adjustments.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of August 31, 2025, we had approximately $490 million of remaining performance obligations, also referred to as firm backlog, which excludes unexercised contract options and potential orders under our indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contracts. We expect that approximately 75% of this backlog will be recognized as revenue over the next 12 months, an additional 20% of the firm backlog over the following 12 months, and the balance thereafter. The amount of remaining performance obligations that are expected to be recognized as revenue beyond 12 months primarily relates to our long-term programs where we provide component inventory management, supply chain logistics programs, and/or repair services.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Disaggregation of Revenue

Third-party sales across the major customer markets for each of our operating segments for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Parts Supply:
Commercial	$	254.5	$	210.4
Government and defense		63.3		39.3
	$	317.8	$	249.7

Repair & Engineering
Commercial	$	195.7	$	191.2
Government and defense		18.9		26.4
	$	214.6	$	217.6

Integrated Solutions:
Commercial	$	72.4	$	70.0
Government and defense		112.6		98.9
	$	185.0	$	168.9

Expeditionary Services:
Commercial	$	0.7	$	1.3
Government and defense		21.5		24.2
	$	22.2	$	25.5

Consolidated sales by geographic region for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
U.S./Canada	$	519.1	$	473.4
Europe/Africa		99.7		108.8
Asia/South Pacific		89.7		64.0
Other		31.1		15.5
	$	739.6	$	661.7

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

5. Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents cash on hand that is legally restricted as to withdrawal or usage. As of August 31, 2025, restricted cash includes $8.3 million on deposit with escrow agents related to our recent acquisitions of Trax and Aerostrat and $3.3 million required to be set aside by a contractual agreement to provide servicing related to receivable securitization arrangements.

The restrictions related to our acquisitions lapse at the time of resolution of certain contingencies including tax contingencies. The restrictions related to the receivable securitization arrangements lapse at the time we remit the customer payments collected by us as servicer of previously sold customer receivables to the purchaser.

6. Accounts Receivable

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of market or credit risk consist principally of trade receivables. While our trade receivables are diverse and represent a number of entities and geographic regions, the majority are with the U.S. government and its contractors and entities in the aviation industry. The composition of our accounts receivable is as follows:


	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
U.S. Government contracts:
Trade receivables	$	32.6	$	26.6
Unbilled receivables		9.1		13.4
		41.7		40.0
All other customers:
Trade receivables		299.4		283.4
Unbilled receivables		22.4		31.4
		321.8		314.8
	$	363.5	$	354.8

7. Equity

Stock - Based Compensation

In July 2025, as part of our annual long-term stock incentive compensation, we granted 85,605 shares of performance-based restricted stock and 64,795 shares of time-based restricted stock to eligible employees. The grant date fair value per share for these shares was $79.45 (the closing price per share of our common stock on the grant date). We also granted 24,178 shares of time-based restricted stock to members of the Board of Directors with a grant date fair value per share of $61.41 (the closing price per share of our common stock on the grant date).

Expense charged to operations for restricted stock during each of the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 was $4.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively.

In July 2025, as part of our annual long-term stock incentive compensation, we granted 154,185 stock options to eligible employees at an exercise price per share of $79.45 and grant date fair value per share of $28.71. The fair value of stock options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:


Risk-free interest rate	3.9	%
Expected volatility of common stock	34.1	%
Dividend yield	0.0	%
Expected option term in years	4.8

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 was $4.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Expense charged to operations for stock options during the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based on the equity’s grant date fair value. For participants who are or become retirement-eligible during the service period, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the period ending on the date the participant becomes retirement-eligible.

Earnings per Share

The potential dilutive effect of 64,000 shares relating to stock options was excluded from the computation of weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted for the three-month period ended August 31, 2025 as the shares would have been anti-dilutive. At August 31, 2024, no stock options were determined to be anti-dilutive.

8. Inventories

The summary of inventories is as follows:


	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
Aircraft and engine parts, components and finished goods	$	694.6	$	659.4
Raw materials and parts		135.8		119.9
Work-in-process		31.1		29.9
	$	861.5	$	809.2

9. Supplemental Cash Flow Information


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Interest paid	$	8.5	$	9.0
Income taxes paid		5.6		5.2
Income tax refunds received		—		0.1
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining or re-measuring ROU assets		1.6		0.8

10. Sale of Receivables

On February 23, 2018, we entered into a Purchase Agreement with Citibank N.A. (“Purchaser”) for the sale, from time to time, of certain accounts receivable due from certain customers (the “Purchase Agreement”). Under the Purchase Agreement, the maximum amount of receivables sold is limited to $150 million and Purchaser may, but is not required to, purchase the eligible receivables we offer to sell. The term of the Purchase Agreement runs through February 22, 2026, but, the Purchase Agreement may also be terminated earlier under certain circumstances. The term of the Purchase Agreement shall be automatically extended for annual terms unless either party provides advance notice that they do not intend to extend the term.

We have no retained interests in the sold receivables, other than limited recourse obligations in certain circumstances, and only perform collection and administrative functions for the Purchaser. We account for these receivable transfers as sales under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and de-recognize the sold receivables from our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At August 31, 2025, we have utilized $21.0 million which reduced the availability under the Purchase Agreement to $129.0 million.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

During the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, we sold $49.2 million and $50.9 million, respectively, of receivables under the Purchase Agreement and remitted $46.2 million and $35.6 million, respectively, to the Purchaser on their behalf. As of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, we had collected cash of $3.3 million and $7.4 million, respectively, which was not yet remitted to the Purchaser as of those dates and was classified as Restricted cash on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We recognize discounts on the sale of our receivables and other fees related to the Purchase Agreement in Other expense, net on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We incurred discounts on the sale of our receivables of $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

11. Financing Arrangements

A summary of the carrying amount of our debt is as follows:


	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
Senior Notes	$	700.0	$	550.0
Amended Revolving Credit Facility with interest payable monthly		330.0		427.0
Debt premium, net		2.9		—
Debt issuance costs, net		(10.8)		(9.0)
Long-term debt	$	1,022.1	$	968.0

Credit Agreement

On December 14, 2022, we entered into a new credit agreement with various financial institutions as lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as administrative agent for the lenders (the “Credit Agreement”) that included an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) that we can draw upon for working capital and general corporate purposes. In conjunction with the Credit Agreement, we terminated our revolving credit facility under the credit agreement dated April 12, 2011, as amended, (the “2011 Credit Agreement”) with the outstanding borrowings under the 2011 Credit Agreement at the date of its termination rolled over to the Credit Agreement.

On March 1, 2024, we entered into an amendment (the “Revolver Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement, which governs the Company’s existing revolving credit facility (the revolving credit facility as amended by the Revolver Amendment, the “Amended Revolving Credit Facility”). Among other things, the Revolver Amendment (i) increased the aggregate commitments under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility to $825.0 million from $620 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, (ii) increased the maximum leverage ratio permitted under the financial covenants applicable to the Amended Revolving Credit Facility and (iii) included an additional pricing level that will increase the applicable interest rate margins on the Amended Revolving Credit Facility to 250 basis points (in the case of secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”)) and 150 basis points (in the case of Base Rate loans) if our adjusted total debt to EBITDA ratio exceeds 3.75:1.00.

Under certain circumstances, we may request an increase to the lending commitments under the Credit Agreement by an aggregate amount of up to $300 million, not to exceed $1,125 million in total. The Credit Agreement expires on December 14, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at an applicable variable rate based on SOFR plus 112.5 to 250 basis points based on certain financial measurements plus 10 basis points if a SOFR loan, or at the offered fluctuating Base Rate plus 12.5 to 150 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a Base Rate loan.

Borrowings outstanding under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility at August 31, 2025 were $330.0 million and there were $9.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, which reduced the availability of this facility to $485.9 million.

Our Credit Agreement requires us to comply with leverage and interest coverage ratios and comply with certain affirmative and negative covenants, including those relating to financial reporting and notification, compliance with applicable laws, and limitations on additional liens, indebtedness, acquisitions, investments and disposition of assets. Our Credit Agreement also requires our significant domestic subsidiaries to provide a guarantee of payment under the Credit Agreement.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Senior Notes – Original Issuance

On March 1, 2024, we issued $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Notes”) to fund a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of the Product Support business. The Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Base Indenture”), dated as of March 1, 2024, between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Trustee”), as trustee, and a First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2024 (together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), among us, the Note Guarantors (as defined below) and the Trustee.

Our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the Amended Revolving Credit Facility (collectively, the “Note Guarantors”) guaranteed (the “Note Guarantees”) all of the Company’s obligations under the Notes and the Indenture. The Notes and the Note Guarantees have not been, and will not be, registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.75% per year, payable semiannually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing September 15, 2024. The Notes will mature on March 15, 2029. At any time prior to March 15, 2026, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date plus an applicable “make-whole” premium. At any time prior to March 15, 2026, the Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Notes with net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 106.75% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. On or after March 15, 2026, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at specified redemption prices if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on March 15 of the years indicated below:


2026	103.375	%
2027	101.688	%
2028 and thereafter	100.000	%

The Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed by each of the Note Guarantors. The Notes and the Note Guarantees are the general unsecured obligations of us or each of the Note Guarantors and, as applicable, (i) rank equal in right of payment to all of our or such Note Guarantor’s existing and future senior indebtedness, (ii) rank senior in right of payment to all of our or such Note Guarantor’s obligations that are, by their terms expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes or the Note Guarantees, (iii) are effectively subordinated to all of our or such Note Guarantor’s secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and (iv) in the case of the Note Guarantees, are structurally subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries that are not Note Guarantors.

The Indenture contains customary covenants, including limitations on the ability of us and our restricted subsidiaries to (i) incur debt, certain disqualified stock and preferred stock, (ii) create liens, (iii) pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase equity, (iv) prepay subordinated debt or make certain investments, (v) transfer and sell assets, (vi) engage in consolidations, mergers or dispositions of all or substantially all of our or their assets, (vii) enter into agreements that restrict dividends, loans and other distributions from subsidiaries and (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates. These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications described in the Indenture. In addition, the Indenture contains a number of customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the Indenture or the Notes and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events.

Senior Notes – Subsequent Issuance

On August 14, 2025, we issued an additional $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes (the “Additional Notes”). The Additional Notes were issued under the existing Indenture and other than with respect to the date of issuance and the offering price, the Additional Notes have the same terms as the Notes.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Debt issuance costs of $2.5 million were incurred in connection with the Additional Notes which were issued at an original issuance premium 102% of their principal amount, or $3.0 million. The premium and debt issuance costs are amortized and recognized as interest expense using the effective interest rate method, or, when the results are not materially different, on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the related debt. The premium and debt issuance costs are classified withing Long-term debt on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and are amortized into interest expense over the contractual term of the Notes.

At August 31, 2025, our variable and fixed rate debt had a fair value that approximates their carrying values and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as their fair values are determined based upon one or more significant unobservable inputs.

At August 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the financial and other covenants in our financing agreements.

12. Other Non-current Assets

Investment in AAR Sumisho Aviation Services (ASAS)

Our investments in joint ventures include a 50% ownership interest in a joint venture to provide aviation aftermarket supply chain solutions to Japanese defense and global commercial markets. Each of the partners in the ASAS joint venture have provided financial guarantees to third-parties to guarantee the payments for ASAS’s financing arrangements, including inventory purchases. No liabilities have been recognized on the outstanding guarantees. We are unable to estimate our maximum exposure under these guarantees as they are largely dependent on the volume of inventory purchase orders outstanding.

Our sales to the ASAS JV, including service fees earned by us on providing support to the ASAS JV, were $5.0 million and $1.7 million during the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Investment in Indian Joint Venture

Our investments in joint ventures previously included a 40% ownership interest in a joint venture in India to operate an airframe maintenance facility. We had also guaranteed 40% of the Indian joint venture’s debt and each of the partners in the Indian joint venture had a loan to the joint venture proportionate to its equity ownership.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, we executed a Share Purchase Agreement with our Indian joint venture partners whereby we agreed to sell our equity to those partners for $0.1 million conditional on the repayment of our loan and the release of our guarantee of the Indian joint venture’s debt. During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, we were released from our debt guarantee obligations and de-recognized the related $9.4 million guarantee liability. In the second quarter of fiscal 2025, we received $2.1 million reflecting the principal value of our shareholder loan. In conjunction with these transactions, the Share Purchase Agreement, and transition services arrangements, we recognized a gain of $2.1 million during fiscal 2025. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of August 31, 2025 includes a receivable of $0.7 million from our former Indian joint venture partners for our transition services.

Investments in Aircraft Joint Ventures

Under the terms of servicing agreements with certain of our aircraft joint ventures, we provide administrative services and technical advisory services, including aircraft evaluations, oversight and logistical support of the maintenance process and records management. We also provide evaluation and inspection services prior to the purchase of an aircraft and remarketing services with respect to the divestiture of aircraft by the joint ventures. During the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, we received $1.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for such services.

Investment in xCelle Americas, LLC (“xCelle”)

Our investments in joint ventures include a 49.9% ownership interest in a joint venture to provide component repair services including overhaul of nacelles on next generation aircraft. In March 2025, we provided a loan to xCelle for $3.3 million with semi-annual principal payments over the five-year term of the loan. Interest is payable semi-annually at SOFR plus 2.7%.

Table of Contents

AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

13. Defined Benefit Pension Settlement

During the three-month period ended August 31, 2023, we settled all future obligations under our frozen U.S. defined benefit retirement plan (the “U.S. Retirement Plan”). The settlement included a combination of lump-sum payments to participants who elected to receive them and the transfer of the remaining benefit obligations to a third-party insurance company under group annuity contracts. The purchase of the group annuity contracts was funded directly by assets of the U.S. Retirement Plan and required no additional cash or asset contributions from us. As a result of the settlements, we recognized a non-cash, pre-tax pension settlement charge of $26.7 million ($16.1 million after-tax) related to the accelerated recognition of all unamortized net actuarial losses in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Surplus plan assets remained after the settlement and have been primarily used to fund certain contributions associated with one of our qualified 401(k) plans. Surplus plan assets not used for these 401(k) contributions would be subject to a 20% excise tax upon withdrawal. As of August 31, 2025, our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet included $0.8 million of remaining surplus plan assets. We expect to utilize the assets over the next twelve months to fund our non-elective, discretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan.

14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Changes in our accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) by component for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Currency
	Translation		Pension
	Adjustments		Plans		Total
Balance at June 1, 2025	$	(2.4)	$	(3.2)	$	(5.6)
Other comprehensive income		0.4		—		0.4
Balance at August 31, 2025	$	(2.0)	$	(3.2)	$	(5.2)

Balance at June 1, 2024	$	(5.5)	$	(3.3)	$	(8.8)
Other comprehensive income		1.5		—		1.5
Balance at August 31, 2024	$	(4.0)	$	(3.3)	$	(7.3)

15. Sale of Landing Gear Overhaul Business

On December 19, 2024, we entered into an agreement to divest our LGO business to GA Telesis for $51 million subject to post-closing adjustments for working capital, cash, and debt. In the third quarter of fiscal 2025 , the LGO assets and liabilities were reclassified to assets and liabilities held for sale and we recognized a non-cash, pre-tax impairment charge of $63.0 million to adjust the carrying value of the LGO assets to their estimated fair value. Goodwill of $14.6 million was also reclassified to assets held for sale and was included in the determination of the impairment charge.

The LGO business was reported within our Repair & Engineering segment. The divestiture did not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results and, therefore, did not qualify for presentation as discontinued operations.

The sale closed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 with net proceeds received of $48.0 million. We recognized $6.6 million of additional loss on the sale resulting from purchase price adjustments in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. We recognized a gain of $1.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 for the final resolution of the purchase price adjustments.

Table of Contents

AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

16. Business Segment Information

Our operating segments are comprised of:

●

Parts Supply, primarily consisting of our sales of used serviceable material (“USM”), including aircraft, engine and airframe parts and components and distribution of new parts (“Distribution”);

●

Repair & Engineering, primarily consisting of our MRO services across airframes (“Airframe MRO”) and components (“Component Services”);

●

Integrated Solutions, primarily consisting of our fleet management and operations of customer-owned aircraft, customized performance-based supply chain logistics programs in support of the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”), the U.S. Department of State (“DoS”) and foreign governments, flight hour component inventory and repair programs for commercial airlines, and integrated software solutions, including Trax; and

●

Expeditionary Services, primarily consisting of products and services supporting the movement of equipment and personnel by the U.S. and foreign governments and non-governmental organizations with sales derived from the engineering, design, integration, and manufacture of pallets, shelters, and containers.

The accounting policies for the segments are the same as those described in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2025. Cost of sales consists principally of the cost of products, including material used in manufacturing operations, direct labor, and overhead.

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer and he evaluates performance on our operating segments using operating income as the primary profitability measure. Our operating segments are aligned principally around differences in products and services and is consistent with how our CODM allocates resources, assesses performance, and makes decisions.

The Company has not aggregated operating segments for purposes of identifying reportable segments. Inter-segment sales are recorded at fair value, which results in intercompany profit on inter-segment sales that is eliminated in consolidation. Corporate selling, general and administrative expenses include centralized functions such as legal, finance, treasury and human resources with a portion of the costs allocated to our operating segments.

Significant expenses for each segment are as follows:


	Three Months Ended August 31, 2025
					Selling,		Other
			Cost of		General and		Segment		Operating
	Sales		Sales		Administrative		Items		Income
Parts Supply	$	317.8	$	256.5	$	23.3	$	(2.9)	$	40.9
Repair & Engineering		214.6		172.0		22.0		0.2		20.4
Integrated Solutions		185.0		159.3		16.2		(0.2)		9.7
Expeditionary Services		22.2		17.6		1.6		—		3.0
	$	739.6	$	605.4	$	63.1	$	(2.9)	$	74.0
Corporate and other										(9.1)
										64.9
Gains related to sale and exit of businesses, net										0.7
Other expense, net										(0.1)
Interest expense										(18.8)
Interest income										0.3
Income before income taxes									$	47.0

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended August 31, 2024
					Selling,		Other
			Cost of		General and		Segment		Operating
	Sales		Sales		Administrative		Items		Income
Parts Supply	$	249.7	$	199.7	$	20.3	$	(0.4)	$	30.1
Repair & Engineering		217.6		175.0		23.1		(1.6)		21.1
Integrated Solutions		168.9		144.1		17.2		(0.1)		7.7
Expeditionary Services		25.5		25.7		1.5		—		(1.7)
	$	661.7	$	544.5	$	62.1	$	(2.1)	$	57.2
Corporate and other										(13.8)
										43.4
Losses related to sale and exit of businesses										(0.1)
Other expense, net										(0.1)
Interest expense										(18.8)
Interest income										0.5
Income before income taxes									$	24.9

Selected financial information for each segment is as follows:


	Three Months Ended August 31, 2025
	Third-Party		Inter-segment		Total
	Sales		Sales		Sales
Parts Supply	$	317.8	$	2.1	$	319.9
Repair & Engineering		214.6		22.0		236.6
Integrated Solutions		185.0		1.5		186.5
Expeditionary Services		22.2		—		22.2
	$	739.6	$	25.6	$	765.2


	Three Months Ended August 31, 2024
	Third-Party		Inter-segment		Total
	Sales		Sales		Sales
Parts Supply	$	249.7	$	2.5	$	252.2
Repair & Engineering		217.6		22.6		240.2
Integrated Solutions		168.9		0.3		169.2
Expeditionary Services		25.5		—		25.5
	$	661.7	$	25.4	$	687.1


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Capital expenditures:
Parts Supply	$	0.3	$	—
Repair & Engineering		4.9		2.5
Integrated Solutions		2.1		1.6
Expeditionary Services		0.7		3.4
Corporate and discontinued operations		0.7		0.4
	$	8.7	$	7.9

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Depreciation and amortization: ¹
Parts Supply	$	2.9	$	2.6
Repair & Engineering		6.6		6.6
Integrated Solutions		4.5		4.0
Expeditionary Services		0.4		0.4
Corporate and discontinued operations		4.7		4.9
	$	19.1	$	18.5

¹Includes amortization of stock-based compensation.


	Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025		2024
Earnings from joint ventures:
Parts Supply	$	2.9	$	0.5
Repair & Engineering		0.1		1.8
	$	3.0	$	2.3


	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
Total assets:
Parts Supply	$	875.0	$	818.8
Repair & Engineering		1,166.1		1,155.2
Integrated Solutions		660.0		620.8
Expeditionary Services		82.6		79.0
Corporate and discontinued operations		146.0		170.8
	$	2,929.7	$	2,844.6


	August 31,		May 31,
	2025		2025
Investments in joint ventures:
Parts Supply	$	11.3	$	8.4
Repair & Engineering		23.5		23.9
	$	34.8	$	32.3

17. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various claims and legal actions, including environmental matters, arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not a party to any material pending legal proceeding (including any governmental or environmental proceeding) other than routine litigation incidental to our business except for the following:

Russian Bankruptcy Litigation

During calendar years 2016 and 2017, certain subsidiaries of the Company purchased four engines from VIM-AVIA Airlines, LLC (“VIM-AVIA”), a company organized in Russia. Subsequent to the purchase of the engines, VIM-AVIA declared bankruptcy in Russian courts, and shortly thereafter the receiver of the VIM-AVIA bankruptcy estate (“Receiver”) and one of the major creditors of VIM-AVIA filed a clawback action in the Arbitration Court of the Russian Republic of Tartarstan (the “Russian Trial Court”) against our subsidiaries alleging that the contracts entered into with VIM-AVIA in the 2016-2017 timeframe are invalid. The clawback action alleged that our subsidiaries owe the VIM-AVIA bankruptcy estate approximately $13 million, the alleged fair market value of the four engines at the time of sale.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

On March 3, 2023, the Russian Trial Court awarded a $1.8 million judgment against the Company relating to one engine, and dismissed all the other claims against the Company relating to the three remaining engines. The Company recognized a corresponding charge of $1.8 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Further court proceedings and multiple appeals ensued in 2024 and 2025.

On September 26, 2023, the Russian Eleventh Arbitration Court of Appeal (the “Russian Appellate Court”) issued an order (i) affirming the Russian Trial Court’s adverse judgment against the Company relating to one of the four engines; (ii) reversing the Russian Trial Court’s dismissal of the claims relating to the remaining three engines; and (iii) awarding a judgment against the Company in the total amount of $13.0 million. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recognized a charge for $11.2 million representing the judgment against the Company for the remaining three engines.

Ultimately, on October 11, 2024, the Russian Court of Cassation issued a ruling that effectively affirmed (i) the $1.8 million judgment against the Company relating to one of the four engines, and (ii) the dismissal of the Receiver’s clawback claims relating to the remaining three engines. On February 10, 2025, the Russian Supreme Court denied both the Company’s request and the Receiver’s request for review of the October 11, 2024 ruling. The $1.8 million judgment against the Company is now final and not subject to further review in the Russian courts. The Receiver’s claims against the Company in the VIM / AVIA bankruptcy litigation have therefore been concluded and $11.2 million liability was reversed in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.

The Company believes that the claims brought against it by the Receiver, and the resulting $1.8 million judgment against it, were a result of, among other things, a hostile business and legal environment for foreign companies in Russia, which has been caused by developments in the Russia/Ukraine conflict, including the imposition of a range of sanctions and export controls on Russian entities and individuals by the U.S. and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies.

Although there can be no assurances, the Company also believes it would have strong defenses to any attempt that may be made to recognize and enforce the judgment outside of Russia. The Company’s ability to satisfy the judgment, in whole or in part, may be restricted by the Company’s obligation to comply with U.S. trade restrictions likely applicable to undisclosed creditors of the VIM-AVIA bankruptcy estate. As of August 31, 2025, our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet included a liability for the matter, including accrued interest, of $2.0 million classified as long-term in Other liabilities.

Performance Guarantee

In conjunction with the fiscal 2021 sale of our Composites business, we retained a performance guarantee to a customer of the Composites business (the “Customer”) under an existing contract providing flap track fairings on the A220 aircraft (“A220 Contract”). The term of the A220 Contract and our performance guarantee extend for the duration that A220 aircraft are in service and the customer continues to maintain support for the A220 aircraft. The performance guarantee does not contain a financial cap.

In March 2022, the buyer of the Composites business (the “Buyer”) filed for bankruptcy and moved to have the bankruptcy court reject the A220 Contract. The Customer also notified us that it believes the Buyer has failed to timely deliver products in accordance with the terms of the A220 Contract and that the Customer has incurred losses related to the asserted non-compliance that the Customer believes is covered by our performance guarantee. To date, the Customer has provided us with limited details in support of the extent of the Customer’s claimed losses with respect to the A220 Contract and its contention that we may be responsible under our performance guarantee to reimburse the Customer for any portion of its claimed losses. The Customer filed suit against us during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 claiming damages of at least $32 million.

In this regard, while we are continuing to seek additional detail around the facts and legal basis underlying the claim for losses the Customer attributed to the A220 Contract and the Customer’s corresponding claim under the performance guarantee, we strongly disagree with the premise of the Customer’s claim based on the information available and known to us at this time, and we believe that we have numerous defenses available against this claim that we will vigorously pursue. While it is reasonably possible that we will incur a loss from the claim under the performance guarantee, we are unable to estimate the range of loss on this claim. There can be no assurance that the Customer’s claim under the performance guarantee will not have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial position and cash flows.

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AAR CORP. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

August 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Self-Reporting of Potential Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations

As previously disclosed, in 2019, the Company retained outside counsel to investigate possible violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) relating to certain transactions in Nepal and South Africa and self-reported these matters to the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DoJ”), the SEC, and the U.K. Serious Fraud Office.

On December 19, 2024, after cooperating with the DoJ’s and SEC’s investigations, the Company resolved with the DoJ pursuant to a Non-Prosecution Agreement (“NPA”) and with the SEC pursuant to a Cease-and-Desist Order (the “SEC Order”), both dated December 19, 2024. Pursuant to the NPA, the DoJ agreed that it will not prosecute the Company for conduct described in the NPA provided that the Company complies with the terms of the NPA for the NPA’s 18-month term.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2025, we recognized a charge for the $55.6 million under the NPA and SEC Order.

Enforcement Proceeding in Nepal

As previously disclosed, the Company became aware via news reports that Nepal’s Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority (“CIAA”) apparently initiated a criminal proceeding in April 2024 against over 35 entities and individuals, including AAR International, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company. The charges alleged violations of Nepalese public procurement law and were related to the same transactions in Nepal that the Company previously self-reported, as described above. The proceeding also named a former AAR International, Inc. employee, as well as John Holmes in his capacity as president of AAR International, Inc. at the time of the alleged conduct.

AAR International, Inc. does not accept or admit these charges, and neither AAR International, Inc. nor Mr. Holmes appeared before the Special Court for several reasons including because the Company believes that any proceedings before the Special Court lack appropriate due process protections.

Based on news reports and judgments from the Nepalese court, we understand that several defendants were convicted in connection with the charges, including AAR International, Inc. The conviction against AAR International, Inc. purportedly carries a fine of approximately $0.9 million as well as a prison sentence of 1.5 years. AAR understands that Mr. Holmes was not personally convicted, but because under Nepalese law it is the responsibility of the company’s principal business executive to accept the sentence of the company, Mr. Holmes has been assigned the company’s sentence by the court. The Company does not currently intend to participate in the proceedings, and does not intend to pay the fine, believing the proceedings and outcome lack due process. The Company does not believe that the outcome of these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations, financial position, or cash flows. We recognized a liability for the $0.9 million fine in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.

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Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Dollars in millions)

General Overview and Outlook

We report our activities in four business segments:

●

Repair & Engineering, primarily consisting of our MRO services across airframes (“Airframe MRO”) and components (“Component Services”);

●

Our chief operating decision making officer (“CODM”) is our Chief Executive Officer and he evaluates performance on our operating segments using operating income as the primary profitability measure. Our operating segments are aligned principally around differences in products and services. The Company has not aggregated operating segments for purposes of identifying reportable segments. Inter-segment sales are recorded at fair value which results in intercompany profit on inter-segment sales that is eliminated in consolidation. Corporate selling, general and administrative expenses include centralized functions such as legal, finance, treasury and human resources with a portion of the costs allocated to our operating segments.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2026, we executed a restructuring plan to streamline operations and reduce costs. As part of this plan, we eliminated approximately 60 positions and recognized severance charges of $1.0 million.

Parts Supply

Our Parts Supply segment primarily consists of sales and leasing of USM and aftermarket distribution of new, original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”)-supplied replacement parts.

USM is an important category of the aviation aftermarket in which parts removed from engines or airframes can be refurbished to be utilized as replacement parts in the aftermarket. We utilize a network of third-party repair facilities to perform this work. USM parts often represent a cost-effective and more timely solution for operators when compared to sourcing new parts.

We also distribute new OEM-supplied replacement parts to aircraft operators, airlines, government customers and other MRO companies across the world. Our parts are supplied to narrow-body, wide-body and regional aircraft. In most cases, we enter exclusive relationships with OEM manufacturers for a given market where we are the only provider of that supplier’s product category. We provide global scale, independence, and highly technical sales capabilities across both commercial and government end-markets.

Repair & Engineering

Our Airframe MRO services are primarily comprised of major airframe inspection, maintenance, repair, and overhaul services, painting services, line maintenance, airframe modifications, structural repairs, avionics service and installation, exterior and interior refurbishment and engineering services and support for many types of commercial and military aircraft. Component Services are primarily comprised of MRO services for structural components, engine and airframe accessories, and interior refurbishment.

We are currently expanding both our Miami and Oklahoma City airframe maintenance facilities to meet growing customer demand. In Miami, we are constructing a 114,000 square foot facility with three bays adjacent to our existing hangar. In Oklahoma City, we are constructing an 80,000 square foot facility with three bays and warehouse space adjacent to our existing hangar. The Oklahoma City expansion is expected to be complete in early calendar 2026 and the Miami expansion is expected to be complete in mid-to-late calendar 2026.

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In fiscal 2025, we sold our Landing Gear Overhaul (“LGO”) business to GA Telesis for net proceeds of $48 million subject to post-closing adjustments for working capital, cash, and debt. We recognized a loss on the divestiture of $71.1 million which included goodwill of $14.6 million.

Our Repair & Engineering segment also develops Parts Manufacturer Approval (“PMA”) parts for aftermarket applications. PMA is a designation under Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) regulations that permits the design of approved parts for specific aircraft components that can be provided by non-OEM sources at cost-efficient and sometimes improved availability.

Integrated Solutions

Our Integrated Solutions segment primarily consists of our fleet management and operations of customer-owned aircraft, customized performance-based supply chain logistics programs in support of the DoD and foreign governments, flight hour component inventory and repair programs for commercial airlines and integrated software solutions including Trax.

Fleet management and operations of customer-owned aircraft is performed for the DoS under the INL/A WASS contract. We are the prime contractor on this ten-year performance-based contract which began in fiscal 2018. Our services under the contract include operating and maintaining the global DoS fleet of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft.

Supply chain logistics programs are primarily comprised of material planning, sourcing, logistics, information and program management and parts and component repair and overhaul. Flight hour component inventory and repair programs for commercial airlines are primarily comprised of outsourcing programs for airframe parts and components including warranty claim management in support of our airline customers’ maintenance activities.

Our integrated software solutions are primarily comprised of our Trax software which we acquired in fiscal 2023. Trax has the first fully cloud-based electronic enterprise resource platform for the MRO industry and also offers a full suite of “paperless” mobility apps that are in process of automating MRO workflows with artificial intelligence. In addition, we acquired Aerostrat, a leading long-range maintenance planning software company, in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 for a purchase price of $15 million plus contingent consideration of up to $5 million.

Expeditionary Services

The Expeditionary Services segment primarily consists of products and services supporting the movement of equipment and personnel by the U.S. and foreign governments and non-governmental organizations. We design, manufacture, and repair transportation pallets and a wide variety of containers and shelters used in support of military and humanitarian tactical deployment activities. The containers and shelters are used in numerous mission requirements, including armories, supply and parts storage, refrigeration systems, tactical operation centers, briefing rooms, laundry and kitchen facilities, water treatment, and sleeping quarters. Shelters include both stationary and vehicle-mounted applications. We also provide engineering, design, and system integration services for specialized command and control systems.

Over the long-term, we expect to see strength in our aviation products and services given our offerings of value-added solutions to both commercial and government and defense customers. We believe long-term commercial aftermarket growth trends are favorable. As we continue to invest in the pipeline of opportunities in the government market, our long-term strategy continues to emphasize investing in the business and capitalizing on opportunities in both the commercial and government markets.

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Discussion of Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2025			2024			% Change
Sales:
Commercial	$	523.3		$	472.9		10.7	%
Government and defense		216.3			188.8		14.6	%
	$	739.6		$	661.7		11.8	%

Gross Profit:
Commercial	$	89.5		$	92.8		(3.6)	%
Government and defense		44.2			24.4		81.1	%
	$	133.7		$	117.2		14.1	%

Gross Profit Margin:
Commercial		17.1	%		19.6	%
Government and defense		20.4	%		12.9	%
Consolidated		18.1	%		17.7	%

Consolidated sales for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 increased $77.9 million, or 11.8%, over the prior year quarter primarily due to an increase in sales to commercial customers. Consolidated sales to commercial customers increased $50.4 million, or 10.7%, over the prior year quarter primarily due to strong demand and volume growth in our Parts Supply segment from both our new parts Distribution and USM. Our consolidated sales to government customers increased $27.5 million, or 14.6%, primarily due to volume growth in our Parts Supply segment from new parts Distribution activities.

Consolidated cost of sales increased $61.4 million, or 11.3%, over the prior year quarter which was largely in line with the consolidated sales increase of 11.8% discussed above.

Consolidated gross profit for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 increased $16.5 million, or 14.1%, over the prior year quarter. Gross profit on sales to government customers increased $19.8 million, or 81.1%, with the gross profit margin increased to 20.4% from 12.9% in the prior year quarter. These increases across government customers are primarily attributable to strong demand and volume growth for our new parts Distribution activities.

Gross profit on sales to commercial customers decreased $3.3 million, or 3.6%, from the prior year quarter with the gross profit margin decreased to 17.1% from 19.6%. These decreases are primarily due to lower profitability in our power-by-the-hour programs activities.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $4.7 million, or 6.2%, from the prior year quarter primarily due to the FCPA matters which were settled in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.

As a percent of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 9.6% from 11.5% in the prior year primarily due to settlement of the FCPA matters.

Interest Expense

Interest expense remained consistent at $18.8 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to the prior year quarter reflecting the impact of lower interest rates offset by higher average borrowings used to fund inventory and other investments in the business. Our average borrowing rate on our Revolving Credit Facility was 6.14% in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to 6.80% in the prior year quarter.

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Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate for continuing operations was 26.8% for the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to 27.7% in the prior year quarter. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to higher tax benefits from stock compensation in fiscal 2026.

Operating Segment Results of Operations

Three-Month Periods Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024

Parts Supply Segment


	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2025			2024			% Change
Third-party sales	$	317.8		$	249.7		27.3	%
Operating income		40.9			30.1		35.9	%
Operating margin		12.9	%		12.1	%

Sales in the Parts Supply segment increased $68.1 million, or 27.3%, over the prior year quarter primarily due to double-digit increases in both our new parts Distribution activities which increased 23.9% and in our USM activities which increased 32.1%. Whole asset sales in our aftermarket parts trading activities increased $27.8 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 over the prior year quarter.

Operating income in the Parts Supply segment increased $10.8 million, or 35.9%, over the prior year quarter, primarily due to volume growth in our new parts Distribution activities.

Repair & Engineering Segment


	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2025			2024			% Change
Third-party sales	$	214.6		$	217.6		(1.4)	%
Operating income		20.4			21.1		(3.3)	%
Operating margin		9.5	%		9.7	%

Sales in the Repair & Engineering segment decreased $3.0 million, or 1.4%, from the prior year quarter primarily due to the divestiture of our LGO business in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. The LGO business contributed sales of $19.2 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. In addition, sales increased $13.2 million at our airframe maintenance facilities in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 over the prior year quarter.

Operating income in the Repair & Engineering segment decreased $0.7 million, or 3.3%, from the prior year quarter primarily due to lower profitability in our Component Services activities. Operating margin decreased to 9.5% from 9.7% in the prior year quarter, reflecting the lower profitability in our Component Services activities.

Integrated Solutions Segment


	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2025			2024			% Change
Third-party sales	$	185.0		$	168.9		9.5	%
Operating income		9.7			7.7		26.0	%
Operating margin		5.2	%		4.6	%

Sales in the Integrated Solutions segment increased $16.1 million, or 9.5%, over the prior year quarter primarily due to higher government program activity.

Changes in estimates and assumptions related to our arrangements accounted for using the cost-to-cost method are recorded using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. In the first quarter of fiscal 2026, we recognized no cumulative catch-up adjustments compared to favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments of $2.4 million in the prior year quarter. These adjustments primarily relate to our long-term, power-by-the-hour programs where we provide component inventory management and repair services.

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Operating income in the Integrated Solutions segment increased $2.0 million, or 26.0%, over the prior year quarter and the operating margin increased to 5.2% from 4.6%. These increases were primarily attributable to our government programs activity and its sales growth as well as higher profitability from the mix of products and services.

Expeditionary Services Segment


	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2025			2024			% Change
Third-party sales	$	22.2		$	25.5		(12.9)	%
Operating income (loss)		3.0			(1.7)		276.5	%
Operating margin		13.5	%		(6.7)	%

Sales in the Expeditionary Services segment decreased $3.3 million, or 12.9%, from the prior year period. During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, our Next Generation Pallet contract was terminated for convenience by our U.S. Government customer and we recognized sales of $9.5 million in that period reflecting our estimated recovery on our incurred costs. This sales decrease from the prior year period was partially offset by sales growth across multiple product lines including pallets, containers, and shelters.

Operating income in the Expeditionary Services segment increased $4.7 million, or 276.5%, over the prior year quarter primarily due to the prior year impact of the termination of the Next Generation Pallet contract. In conjunction with the termination, we expensed equipment and inventory of $12.7 million and recognized a contract asset of $9.5 million reflecting the estimated recovery on our incurred costs. Operating margin increased to 13.5% from (6.7)% in the prior year quarter, primarily due to the prior year contract termination.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position

Our operating activities are funded and commitments met through the generation of cash from operations. Our ability to generate cash from operations is influenced primarily by our operating performance and changes in working capital. In addition to operations, our current capital resources include an unsecured revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement referred to below and an accounts receivable financing program. Periodically, we may also raise capital through common stock and debt financings in the public or private markets. We continually evaluate various financing arrangements, including the issuance of common stock or debt, which would allow us to improve our liquidity position and finance future growth on commercially reasonable terms. Our continuing ability to borrow from our lenders and issue debt and equity securities to the public and private markets in the future may be negatively affected by a number of factors, including the overall health of the credit markets, general economic conditions, airline industry conditions, geo-political events, our debt service obligations, and our operating performance.

At August 31, 2025, our liquidity and capital resources included working capital of $1,028.4 million inclusive of cash of $80.0 million. We expect that our cash on hand, coupled with future cash flows from operations and other available sources of liquidity discussed below, will provide ample liquidity to enable us to meet our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months and foreseeable future thereafter.

Borrowings

On March 1, 2024, we entered into an amendment (the “Revolver Amendment”) to our Credit Agreement, which governs the Company’s existing revolving credit facility (the revolving credit facility as amended by the Revolver Amendment, the “Amended Revolving Credit Facility”). Among other things, the Revolver Amendment (i) increased the aggregate commitments under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility to $825.0 million from $620.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, (ii) increased the maximum leverage ratio permitted under the financial covenants applicable to the Amended Revolving Credit Facility and (iii) included an additional pricing level that increases the interest rate margins on the Amended Revolving Credit Facility to 250 basis points (in the case loans based on the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”)) and 150 basis points (in the case of Base Rate loans) if our adjusted total debt to EBITDA ratio exceeds 3.75:1.00.

Under certain circumstances, we may request an increase to the lending commitments under the Credit Agreement by an aggregate amount of up to $300 million, not to exceed $1,125 million in total. The Credit Agreement expires on December 14, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a variable rate based on SOFR plus 112.5 to 250 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a SOFR loan, or at the offered fluctuating Base Rate plus 12.5 to 150 basis points based on certain financial measurements if a Base Rate loan.

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At August 31, 2025, borrowings outstanding under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility were $330.0 million and there were approximately $9.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, which reduced the availability under this facility to $485.9 million. There are no other terms or covenants limiting the availability of the Amended Revolving Credit Facility. As of August 31, 2025, we also had other financing arrangements that did not limit availability on our Amended Revolving Credit Facility, including foreign lines of credit of $10.0 million.

On March 1, 2024, we issued $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Notes”) to fund a portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of the Product Support business. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.75% per year, payable semiannually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing September 15, 2024. The Notes will mature on March 15, 2029.

At any time prior to March 15, 2026, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date plus an applicable “make-whole” premium. At any time prior to March 15, 2026, the Company may also redeem up to 40% of the Notes with net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 106.75% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. On or after March 15, 2026, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at specified redemption prices ranging from 100.000% to 103.375% depending on the date of redemption.

On August 14, 2025, we issued an additional $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes (the “Additional Notes”). Other than with respect to the date of issuance and the offering price, the Additional Notes have the same terms as the Notes. Debt issuance costs of $2.5 million were incurred in connection with the Additional Notes which were issued at an original issuance premium 102% of their principal amount, or $3.0 million.

Our financing arrangements require us to comply with leverage and interest coverage ratios and comply with certain affirmative and negative covenants, including those relating to financial reporting and notification, compliance with applicable laws, and limitations on additional liens, indebtedness, acquisitions, investments and disposition of assets. Our financing arrangements also generally require our significant domestic subsidiaries to provide a guarantee of payment. At August 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the financial and other covenants under each of our financing arrangements.

Sale of Receivables

We maintain a Purchase Agreement with Citibank N.A. (“Purchaser”) for the sale, from time to time, of certain accounts receivable due from certain customers (the “Purchase Agreement”). Under the Purchase Agreement, the maximum amount of receivables sold is limited to $150.0 million and Purchaser may, but is not required to, purchase the eligible receivables we offer to sell. The term of the Purchase Agreement expires after February 22, 2026, but, the Purchase Agreement may be terminated earlier under certain circumstances. The term of the Purchase Agreement is automatically extended for annual terms unless either party provides advance notice that they do not intend to extend the term.

We have no retained interests in the sold receivables, other than limited recourse obligations in certain circumstances, and only perform collection and administrative functions for the Purchaser. We account for these receivable transfers as sales under Accounting Standards Codification 860, Transfers and Servicing, and de-recognize the sold receivables from our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. At August 31, 2025, we have utilized $21.0 million which reduced the availability under the Purchase Agreement to $129.0 million.

Customer Matters

During fiscal 2024, we experienced delayed collections from one of our significant regional airline customers and issued the customer a Notice of Payment and Other Defaults during the second quarter of fiscal 2024 to request payment and reserve our rights under our agreements. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we terminated a power-by-the-hour (“PBH”) program with this customer which resulted in a net termination charge of $4.8 million. The charge included a reduction in contract assets and revenue of $7.8 million and the establishment of repair reserves of $2.5 million partially offset by a $5.5 million gain recognized from the customer’s obligation to purchase the rotable assets we utilized to perform the PBH services. In conjunction with the termination for default, the customer is obligated to purchase the rotable assets and we sold the assets to the customer in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 for $18.7 million.

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Stock Repurchase Program

On December 16, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a renewal of our stock repurchase program, under which we may repurchase up to $150 million of our common stock with no expiration date. No repurchases were made during the three-month period ended August 31, 2025. Since inception of the renewal authorization, we have repurchased 2.4 million shares for an aggregate purchase price of $107.5 million. The timing and amount of repurchases are subject to prevailing market conditions and other considerations, including our liquidity and acquisition and other investment opportunities.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $44.9 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to $18.6 million in the prior year quarter. The increase in cash used in operating activities over the prior year of $26.3 million was primarily attributable to working capital changes, including increased inventory investments in both new parts and used serviceable material in the current year.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $23.8 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to $5.3 million in the prior year period. The increase in cash used in investing activities over the prior year of $18.5 million was primarily related to the acquisition of the Aerostrat business in the first quarter of fiscal 2026.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $51.1 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2026 compared to cash used of $9.1 million in the prior year quarter. The increase in cash provided by financing activities over the prior year of $60.2 million was primarily related to net proceeds from incremental borrowings in the current year to finance the Aerostrat acquisition as well as inventory and other investments in the business.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

We make a number of significant estimates, assumptions and judgments in the preparation of our financial statements. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2025 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies. There have been no significant changes to the application of our critical accounting policies during the first quarter of fiscal 2026.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements often address our expected future operating and financial performance and financial condition, or targets, goals, commitments, and other business plans, and often may also be identified because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms.

These forward-looking statements are based on beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions and estimates based on information available to us as of the dates such assumptions and estimates are made, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated, depending on a variety of factors, including: (i) factors that adversely affect the commercial aviation industry; (ii) adverse events and negative publicity in the aviation industry; (iii) a reduction in sales to the U.S. government and its contractors; (iv) cost overruns and losses on fixed-price contracts; (v) nonperformance by subcontractors or suppliers; (vi) our ability to manage our operational footprint; (vii) a reduction in outsourcing of maintenance activity by airlines; (viii) a shortage of skilled personnel or work stoppages; (ix) competition from other companies; (x) financial, operational and legal risks arising as a result of operating internationally; (xi) inability to integrate acquisitions effectively and execute operational and financial plans related to the acquisitions; (xii) failure to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions; (xiii) circumstances associated with divestitures; (xiv) inability to recover costs due to fluctuations in market values for aviation products and equipment; (xv) cyber or other security threats or disruptions; (xvi) a need to make significant capital expenditures to keep pace with

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technological developments in our industry; (xvii) restrictions on use of intellectual property and tooling important to our business; (xviii) inability to fully execute our stock repurchase program and return capital to stockholders; (xix) limitations on our ability to access the debt and equity capital markets or to draw down funds under loan agreements; (xx) non-compliance with restrictive and financial covenants contained in our debt and loan agreements; (xxi) changes in or non-compliance with laws and regulations related to federal contractors, the aviation industry, international operations, safety, and environmental matters, and the costs of complying with such laws and regulations; and (xxii) exposure to product liability and property claims that may be in excess of our liability insurance coverage. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize adversely, or should underlying assumptions or estimates prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described.

For a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Part I, “Item 1A, Risk Factors” and our other filings from time to time with the SEC. These events and uncertainties are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many are beyond our control. The risks described in these reports are not the only risks we face, as additional risks and uncertainties are not currently known or foreseeable or impossible to predict accurately or risks that are beyond our control or deemed immaterial may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk includes fluctuating interest rates under our credit agreements, changes in foreign exchange rates, and credit losses on accounts receivable. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2025 for a discussion of accounts receivable exposure.

Foreign Currency Risk. Revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are translated at average exchange rates during the period, and balance sheet accounts are translated at period-end exchange rates. Balance sheet translation adjustments are excluded from the results of operations and are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. A hypothetical 10 percent devaluation of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies would not have had a material impact on our financial position or continuing operations for the quarter ended August 31, 2025.

Interest Rate Risk. Refer to the section Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2025. There were no significant changes during the quarter ended August 31, 2025.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of August 31, 2025. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures. Therefore, effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of August 31, 2025 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported in a timely manner.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended August 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

The information in Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference. There are no matters which constitute material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party other than those incorporated into this item by reference from Note 17 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the quarter ended August 31, 2025 contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2025.

Item 5 – Other Information

On August 6, 2025, John M. Holmes, the Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, adopted a pre-arranged trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act (the “10b5-1 Plan”). Mr. Holmes’s 10b5-1 Plan provides for the potential sale of up to an aggregate 61,539 shares of the Company’s common stock between November 5, 2025, and February 2, 2026, pursuant to the terms of the 10b5-1 Plan. Mr. Holmes adopted the 10b5-1 Plan during an open trading window in accordance with the Company’s Insider Trading Policy.

Aside from as described above, no other director or “officer” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K during the three months ended August 31, 2025.

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Item 6 – Exhibits

The exhibits to this report are listed on the following index:

Exhibit No.	Description		Exhibits

10.	Material Contracts	10.1*	Form of AAR CORP. Fiscal 2026 Short-Term Incentive Plan (filed herewith).

		10.2*	Form of AAR CORP. Fiscal 2026 Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (filed herewith).

		10.3*	Form of AAR CORP. Fiscal 2026 Restricted Stock Agreement (filed herewith).

		10.4*	Form of AAR CORP. Fiscal 2026 Performance Restricted Stock Agreement (filed herewith).

		10.5*	Form of Fiscal 2026 Director Restricted Stock Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2025).

31.	Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certifications	31.1	Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Registrant (filed herewith).

		31.2	Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Registrant (filed herewith).

32.	Section 1350 Certifications	32.1	Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Registrant (filed herewith).

		32.2	Section 906 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Registrant (filed herewith).

101.	Interactive Data File	101	The following materials from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three-months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three-months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three-months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the three-months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.**

104.	Cover Page Interactive Data File	104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).

*	Management contract and compensatory arrangement.

Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		AAR CORP.
		(Registrant)



Date:	September 23, 2025	/s/ SEAN M. GILLEN
		Sean M. Gillen
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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Date	Price Target	Rating	Analyst
1/16/2025	$83.00	Overweight	KeyBanc Capital Markets
1/29/2024		Outperform	William Blair
12/1/2023	$80.00	Buy	Stifel
10/22/2021	$45.00	Outperform	RBC Capital
7/16/2021	$51.00 → $52.00	Outperform	Credit Suisse

SEC Form 10-Q filed by AAR Corp.

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