UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File Number 001-40133

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

86-1369123

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

4875 White Bear Parkway, White Bear Lake, MN 55110

(Address of principal executive offices)

(877) 900-3277

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	COCH	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Redeemable Warrants, each exercisable for one share of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	COCHW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐

Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller Reporting Company	☒

		Emerging Growth Company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 1, 2025, the registrant had 21,326,619 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Three Months ended March 31, 2025

Table of Contents

		Page

PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	1
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	2
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	4
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	41

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	42
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	42
ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	42
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	42
ITEM 5.	Other Information	42
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	43
PART III	SIGNATURES	46

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	5,312		$	5,483
Accounts receivable, net		42			38
Other receivable		23			780
Inventories		1,657			1,708
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,278			1,375
Total current assets		8,312			9,384
Property and equipment, net		1,220			1,275
Operating lease right-of-use asset (related party)		853			879
Total assets	$	10,385		$	11,538

Liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,662		$	1,652
Accrued expenses		5,057			4,416
Other current liabilities		415			573
Forward purchase agreement warrant liability		51			472
Product warranty liability, current portion		265			282
Operating lease liability, current portion (related party)		145			143
Total current liabilities		7,595			7,538
Term loans payable (related party)		23,106			18,716
Product warranty liability, net of current portion		1,771			1,771
Operating lease liability, net of current portion (related party)		778			802
Publicly traded warrant liability		468			662
Other liability		891			891
Total liabilities		34,609			30,380

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 14)

Stockholders’ deficit
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 10,000,000 shares designated as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 4,126,667 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024		—			—
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 400,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 21,326,609 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024		2			2
Additional paid-in capital		266,861			266,013
Accumulated deficit		(290,970	)		(284,734	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(117	)		(123	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(24,224	)		(18,842	)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	10,385		$	11,538

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Net revenues	$	46		$	59
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of goods sold		226			153
Research and development		2,748			2,360
Sales and marketing		358			325
General and administrative		1,821			2,105
Total costs and operating expenses		5,153			4,943
Operating loss		(5,107	)		(4,884	)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement put option liability		—			103
Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability		421			(262	)
Change in fair value of publicly traded warrant liability		194			(1,177	)
Interest expense, related party		(495	)		(36	)
Other expense, net		(11	)		(14	)
Total other income (expense), net		109			(1,386	)
Net loss		(4,998	)		(6,270	)

Cumulative preferred dividends		(1,238	)		(1,365	)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(6,236	)	$	(7,635	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.41	)
Weighted-average Class A Common Stock outstanding, basic and diluted		21,326,609			18,599,982
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment		6			(1	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		6			(1	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(4,992	)	$	(6,271	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	For the Three Months ended March 31, 2025
	Series A Preferred Stock				Class A Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Loss			Deficit
Balance at December 31, 2024		4,126,667	$	—		21,326,609	$	2	$	266,013	$	(284,734	)	$	(123	)	$	(18,842	)
Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock		—		—		—		—		—		(1,238	)		—			(1,238	)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		160		—			—			160
Issuance of warrants associated with Term Loans		—		—		—		—		688		—			—			688
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—		—		—			6			6
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(4,998	)		—			(4,998	)
Balance at March 31, 2025		4,126,667	$	—		21,326,609	$	2	$	266,861	$	(290,970	)	$	(117	)	$	(24,224	)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Series A Preferred Stock				Class A Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Loss				Deficit
Balance at December 31, 2023		4,500,000	$	—		18,599,982	$	2	$	255,596	$	(257,256	)	$	(118	)	$	(1,776	)
Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock		—		—		—		—		—		(1,365	)		—			(1,365	)
Sale of Class A Common Stock through forward purchase agreement		—		—		—		—		1,683		—			—			1,683
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		123		—			—			123
Issuance of warrants associated with Term Loans		—		—		—		—		179		—			—			179
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—		—		—			(1	)		(1	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(6,270	)		—			(6,270	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		4,500,000	$	—		18,599,982	$	2	$	257,581	$	(264,891	)	$	(119	)	$	(7,427	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(4,998	)	$	(6,270	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		61			34
Interest expense and amortization of debt discount on term loans payable (related party)		495			—
Amortization of prepaid insurance		247			270
Stock-based compensation		160			123
Change in fair value of publicly traded warrant liability		(194	)		1,177
Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability		(421	)		262
Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement put option liability		—			(103	)
Change in operating lease right-of-use asset (related party)		26			31
Change in inventory reserve		(23	)		89
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(4	)		(119	)
Other receivable		757			144
Inventories		74			(140	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(75	)		(56	)
Accounts payable		10			(641	)
Operating lease liability (related party)		(22	)		(27	)
Accrued expenses		199			(357	)
Product warranty liability		(17	)		(6	)
Other liability		—			—
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,725	)		(5,589	)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(6	)		—
Deposits on equipment not yet placed in service		—			(109	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(6	)		(109	)

Cash flows from financing activities
Payments on insurance financing loans		(233	)		(257	)
Proceeds from the issuance of term loans (related party)		5,000			5,000
Dividends paid to stockholders of Series A Preferred Stock		(1,213	)		—
Proceeds from the sale of Common Stock associated with forward purchase agreement, net of transaction costs		—			1,683
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,554			6,426

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		6			(1	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash		(171	)		727
Cash, beginning of period		5,483			4,218
Cash, end of period	$	5,312		$	4,945

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	13		$	14
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued and unpaid dividends on Series A Preferred Stock	$	25		$	1,365
Financing of prepaid insurance	$	75		$	65
Warrants issued with term loans (related party)	$	688		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

Envoy Medical, Inc. (“Envoy Medical” or the “Company”) is a hearing health company focused on providing innovative medical technologies across the hearing loss spectrum. Envoy Medical’s technologies are designed to shift the paradigm within the hearing industry and bring both providers and patients the hearing devices they desire. The Company’s first commercial product, the Esteem® Fully Implanted Active Middle Ear Implant (“Esteem FI-AMEI”), is a fully implanted active middle ear hearing device. The Esteem FI-AMEI was approved for sale in 2010 by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).

Envoy Medical believes the fully implanted Acclaim® Cochlear Implant (“Acclaim CI”) is a first-of-its-kind cochlear implant. Envoy Medical’s fully implanted technology includes a sensor designed to leverage the natural anatomy of the ear instead of a microphone to capture sound. The Acclaim CI is designed to address severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss that is not adequately addressed by hearing aids. The Acclaim CI will only be indicated for adults who have been deemed adequate candidates by a qualified physician. The Acclaim CI received the Breakthrough Device Designation from the FDA in 2019.

On September 29, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), a merger transaction between Envoy Medical Corporation, Anzu Special Acquisition Corp I (“Anzu”) and Envoy Merger Sub, Inc., a directly, wholly owned subsidiary of Anzu (“Merger Sub”) was completed (hereinafter, the “Merger” or “Business Combination”) pursuant to the business combination agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”). In connection with the closing of the Merger (the “Closing”), Merger Sub merged with Envoy Medical Corporation, with Envoy Medical Corporation surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Anzu. In connection with the Closing, Anzu changed its name to Envoy Medical, Inc. The Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and the Company’s public warrants commenced trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) on October 2, 2023 under the symbols “COCH” and “COCHW,” respectively.

On April 17, 2023, prior to entering into the Business Combination Agreement, Anzu and Envoy Medical Corporation entered into an agreement (as amended to date, the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) with Meteora Special Opportunity Fund I, LP (“MSOF”), Meteora Capital Partners, LP (“MCP”), Meteora Select Trading Opportunities Master, LP (“MSTO”) and Meteora Strategic Capital, LLC (“MSC” and, collectively with MSOF, MCP and MSTO, the “Sellers” or “Meteora parties”) for an over-the-counter equity prepaid forward transaction.

Pursuant to the terms of the Forward Purchase Agreement, on the Closing Date, the Sellers purchased 425,606 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Recycled Shares”) directly from the redeeming stockholders of Anzu. Also, effective upon the Closing Date, the Company paid to the Sellers a prepayment amount of $4.5 million required under the Forward Purchase Agreement directly from the trust account and transferred to the Sellers 8,512 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Share Consideration”). During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Sellers sold the full amount of the Recycled Shares and, pursuant to the Forward Purchase Agreement, the Company received $4.00 per share sold, or $1.7 million.

In addition, pursuant to the subscription agreement dated April 17, 2023 (as amended to date, the “Subscription Agreement”), by and between Anzu and Anzu SPAC GP I LLC (the “Sponsor”), the Company issued, and certain affiliates of the Sponsor purchased, concurrently with the Closing, an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”) in a private placement (the “PIPE Transaction”) at a price of $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Envoy Medical and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Envoy Medical Corporation and Envoy Medical GmbH (Ansbach) (GmbH), which operates a sales office in Germany. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Unaudited financial information

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for the full year. As such, the information included in this report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, which are included in the Company’s Form 10-K, dated and filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, but does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Going Concern

Since inception, the Company has incurred cumulative losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $291.0 million at March 31, 2025. From February 2024 to March 2025, the Company received advances of $25.0 million from term loans provided by a related party (see Note 8). In February 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $1.7 million from the sale of 425,606 shares of Common Stock held by the Meteora parties (see Note 1). On various dates in 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $1.8 million from the exercise by the Meteora parties of Shortfall Warrants, as defined below, for 664,883 shares of Common Stock (see Note 9). The Company had cash of $5.3 million as of March 31, 2025.

Management believes that its existing cash balances combined with future capital raises through debt and equity and cash receipts from product sales will be sufficient to fund ongoing operations through at least one year from the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its strategic plans, that the Company’s cash balances and future capital raises will be sufficient to support its ongoing operations, or that any additional financing will be available in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient financing when needed or events or circumstances occur such that the Company does not meet its strategic plans, the Company may be required to reduce certain of its discretionary spending. The Company may be unable to develop new or enhanced production methods, or be unable to fund capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to achieve its intended business objectives. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include adjustments to reflect the possible effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to the useful lives of property and equipment, the net realizable value of inventory, product warranty liability, stock-based compensation expense, the present value of the lease liability, the fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability, publicly traded warrant liability, and the outcome of litigation. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effect of changes, if any, are reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Revisions

Cumulative Preferred Dividends

The Company corrected the presentation of cumulative preferred dividends that were not included on the previously issued condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company now presents these cumulative preferred dividends as a component of net loss attributable to common stockholders. The Company determined that the correction was not material to the three months ended March 31, 2024 and therefore, amendment of the previously filed reports is not required.

Contingent Sponsor Shares

The Company corrected the presentation of Common Stock outstanding that previously included 1,000,000 contingent sponsor shares that were included in the previously issued condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2024. These contingent sponsor shares are now excluded from the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024. The Company determined that the correction was not material to any prior annual or interim periods and therefore, amendments of previously filed reports are not required.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The effect of the contingent sponsor shares revision on the Common Stock amounts on each of the impacted financial statement line items within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments			As Revised
Balance at December 31, 2023		19,599,982		(1,000,000	)		18,599,982
Balance at March 31, 2024		19,599,982		(1,000,000	)		18,599,982

Financing of Prepaid Insurance

The Company corrected the presentation of prepaid insurance expenses and insurance financing liabilities, including the related amortization and interest expense, that were not included on the previously issued condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company determined that the correction was not material to any prior annual or interim periods and therefore, amendments of previously filed reports are not required.

The effect of the cumulative preferred dividends, contingent sponsor shares, and financing of prepaid insurance revisions on each of the impacted financial statement line items within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	As Previously Reported			Adjustments			As Revised
General and administrative	$	2,119		$	(14	)	$	2,105
Total costs and operating expenses		4,957			(14	)		4,943
Operating loss		(4,898	)		14			(4,884	)

Other expense, net		—			(14	)		(14	)
Total other income (expense), net		(1,372	)		(14	)		(1,386	)

Cumulative preferred dividends		—			(1,365	)		(1,365	)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(6,270	)	$	(1,365	)	$	(7,635	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.41	)
Weighted-average Class A Common Stock outstanding, basic and diluted		19,599,982			(1,000,000	)		18,599,982

The effect of the financing of prepaid insurance revision on the accumulated deficit amounts on each of the impacted financial statement line items within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	As Previously Reported			Adjustments			As Revised
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(257,242	)	$	(14	)	$	(257,256	)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	(264,877	)	$	(14	)	$	(264,891	)

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The effect of the financing of prepaid insurance revision on each of the impacted financial statement line items within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	As Previously Reported			Adjustments			As Revised
Amortization of prepaid insurance	$	—		$	270		$	270
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(43	)		(13	)		(56	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,846	)		257			(5,589	)

Payments on insurance financing loans		—			(257	)		(257	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		6,683			(257	)		6,426

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	—		$	14		$	14

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Financing of prepaid insurance	$	—		$	65		$	65

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable, net. Periodically, the Company maintains deposits in accredited financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash with financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

With respect to accounts receivable, the Company performs credit evaluations of its customers and does not require collateral. There have been no material losses on the Company’s accounts receivable. There were no customers that accounted for 10.0% or more of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. There were no customers that accounted for 10.0% or more of the accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024

Cash

The Company maintains cash balances in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company grants credit to customers in the normal course of business, but generally does not require collateral or other security to support amounts due. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for credit losses. Management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers based on financial information provided by the customer. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses by considering numerous factors, including delinquency trends along with ongoing customer credit evaluations. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible. Payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for credit losses. The Company had no material bad debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The allowance for credit losses was not material as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. The Company records write-downs of inventories that are obsolete, past the manufacturer’s recommended ‘use by’ date, or in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value based on a consideration of marketability and product life cycle stage, historical net sales and demand forecasts which consider the assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory on hand that is not expected to be sold or utilized is considered excess, and the Company recognizes the write-down in cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. The write-down is determined by the excess of cost over net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal and transportation. At the time of loss recognition, a new cost basis is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances would not result in an increase in the cost basis.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of the assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and resulting gains or losses are included in operating results. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to seven years for property and equipment.

Operating Leases

The Company determines if an agreement is a lease at inception. The Company elected not to recognize the right to use an underlying asset (“ROU asset”) and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which are those that have a lease term of twelve months or less, and includes renewal options in the measurement of lease liabilities only when the option to purchase or renew a lease for the underlying asset is reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company has elected as an accounting policy to account for lease components and associated non-lease components as a single component.

The Company leases its headquarters office space under an operating lease with a related party and also leases office space in Germany under an operating lease (see Note 6). The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is performed at the inception of the arrangement and as necessary at modification. An operating lease is recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the operating lease asset representing the right to use the ROU asset for the lease term and the lease liability representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company excludes variable lease payments when measuring the ROU asset and lease liability, except for those that depend on an index, a rate or are in-substance fixed payments.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition, ROU assets include initial direct costs incurred by the lessee as well as any lease payments made at or before the commencement date and exclude lease incentives. The discount rate implicit within the Company’s leases is generally not determinable; therefore, the Company determines the discount rate using its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets held and used by the Company, including property and equipment and ROU assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset should be tested for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the entity-specific undiscounted net cash flows of that asset. If the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized if the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The Company did not incur any impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company calculates the fair value of its assets and liabilities that qualify as financial instruments and includes this additional information in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of cash, accounts receivable, other receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of the operating lease liability also approximates fair value since the instrument is recorded utilizing market rates of interest. The carrying value of the term loans payable also approximates fair value based upon current borrowing rates with similar maturities. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Fair Value Measurement

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy established in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

	●	Level 1 - Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

	●	Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

●

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s forward purchase agreement warrant liability is considered to be a Level 3 financial instrument measured at fair value and is described below (see Note 3).

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign-currency risks. The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the other income (expense) section of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The Company accounts for its publicly traded warrant liability in accordance with ASC 815-40. Accordingly, the Company recognized the warrant instruments as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. The publicly traded warrant liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the change in fair value of publicly traded warrant liability line item in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company accounts for its Forward Purchase Agreement in accordance with ASC 815-40. Accordingly, the Company recognized the forward purchase agreement warrant liability at fair value at each reporting period. The forward purchase agreement put option liability was, and the forward purchase agreement warrant liability is, subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value is recognized in the change in fair value of forward purchase agreement put option liability and change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability line items, respectively, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The forward purchase agreement put option liability was derecognized as of March 31, 2024 due to the sale of the Recycled Shares associated with the forward purchase agreement during the first quarter of 2024.

SPAC Excise Tax Liability

The Company recognized an excise tax liability of $2.2 million upon completion of the Company’s Business Combination as an incremental cost to repurchase the Company’s treasury shares, with an offsetting tax liability recognized. The SPAC excise tax liability is recorded in accrued expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers as follows:

●

identify the contract with a customer;

●

identify the performance obligations in the contract;

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

●

determine the transaction price;

●

allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

●

recognize revenue when or as performance obligations are satisfied.

Revenue is recognized as performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which generally occurs as control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer (“transaction price”). To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price using either the expected value or most likely amount method. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available.

The Company primarily derives revenue from the sale of its hearing device products. Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of the product to a customer, which occurs at a point in time, at the time the Company is notified the product has been implanted or used by the customer in a surgical procedure. The Company also sells prepaid battery replacement options, which is replacement of the sound processor / battery assembly (the “Battery”) for existing patients who need a new Battery.

Revenue from extended warranty plans is recognized ratably over time and was immaterial for each of three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Amounts received from a customer prior to fulfillment of the performance obligation are included as accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are immaterial as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities performed as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the products; and therefore these activities are not assessed as a separate performance obligation to its customers.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive, which is based on the invoiced price. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and are short term in nature. The Company’s contracts do not include variable consideration.

Payment terms differ by geography and customer, but payment is generally required within 30 days from the date of product utilization. The Company also offers extended payment plans on a limited basis. Amounts due to the Company under payment plans that extend beyond 12 months are immaterial as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and therefore the Company did not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold is comprised of the costs of merchandise sold, as well as the related inbound freight costs and labor directly attributable to bringing certain goods to a salable condition. In categorizing costs, the Company captures applicable depreciation and costs to maintain and run revenue generating technology, equipment related costs and any personnel-related costs as cost of goods sold.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Product Warranty

The Company provides a limited warranty for its implantable components. At the time product revenue is recognized, the Company reserves for estimated future costs that may be incurred under its warranties based on historical experience. The limited warranty liability is recorded in accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of accrued limited warranty was immaterial and the Company’s warranty payments were immaterial.

During 2013, the Company offered a lifetime warranty to clinical trial patients to cover batteries and surgery related costs. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under this lifetime warranty and records a liability in the amount of such costs at its present value. The lifetime warranty is recorded in product warranty liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the aggregate product warranty liability was $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, of which $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, was classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Patents

All patent-related costs incurred in connection with filing and prosecuting patent applications are expensed as incurred due to the uncertainty about the recovery of the expenditure. Amounts incurred are classified as general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Costs

Expenditures for research and development activities are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries, employee benefits and laboratory testing expenses. Expenses related to clinical trials will be based on costs incurred pursuant to contracts with research institutions that are used to conduct and manage clinical trials on the Company’s behalf.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those items are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty of realizing the related benefits.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only to the extent the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the position. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company has elected to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the provision for income taxes.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded an uncertain tax benefit within other liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $0.1 million resulting from a refund remitted to the Company related to payments and carryforwards reported by Anzu on its final tax return prior to the Business Combination on September 29, 2023.

Subsequently in the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company also received a notice from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) indicating an additional refund of $0.8 million was to be remitted to the Company, which was received in the first quarter of 2025. This refund is also considered to be the result of estimated tax payments made by Anzu as reported on its short period tax return filed for the period January 1, 2023 to September 29, 2023, prior to the Business Combination. The Company is uncertain whether the IRS treated the transaction as an IRC 368(a)(1)(F) reorganization (“F reorganization”) or as an IRC 368(a)(1)(A) reorganization (“A reorganization”). During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received this refund in the amount of $0.8 million. The Company has determined that it is appropriate to retain the funds, under the premise that the transaction was treated as an F reorganization rather than an A reorganization, however, given the uncertainty of that outcome, the Company has recorded an uncertain tax position liability recorded within other liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Euro is the functional currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiary in Germany. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the end-of-the-period exchange rates, and the revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average rates for the respective reporting period. Unrealized translation gains and losses are recorded as a translation adjustment, which is included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ deficit as well as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Net Loss per Share

The Company’s Series A Preferred Stock certificate of designation entitles the holders to participate in dividends on an as converted basis when declared on Common Stock. As a result, the Series A Preferred Stock meets the definition of a participating security, which requires the Company to apply the two-class method to compute both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that would otherwise have been available to common stockholders. The two-class method requires income available to holders of the Company’s Common Stock for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to share in the earnings as if all income for the period had been distributed. In periods where there is a net loss, no allocation of undistributed net loss to the Series A Preferred Stock is performed as the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are not contractually obligated to participate in the Company’s losses. The Company reported net losses of $6.2 million and $7.6 million attributable to the stockholders of the Company’s Common Stock for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the potential exercise of warrants or options, and the potential conversion of preferred stock into Common Stock, under the if-converted method. In periods where a net loss is recorded, no effect is given to potentially dilutive securities, because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock-based payment awards granted through June 30, 2024 is estimated using the Black-Scholes option model with a volatility figure derived from using a determined peer group of other companies’ stock prices since the trading history of the Company’s stock was too short to provide accurate data. The fair value of stock-based payment awards granted subsequent to June 30, 2024 is estimated using the Black-Scholes option model with a volatility figure derived from using the trading history of the Company’s Common Stock. Given limited historical exercise data, the Company accounts for the expected term of all options in all periods in accordance with the “simplified” method, which is used for “plain-vanilla” options, as defined in ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining life consistent with the expected term of the options.

The Company has adopted the guidance from Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Compensation Accounting, and has determined not to apply a forfeiture rate and has made the accounting election that forfeitures will be recognized when the actual forfeiture takes place and therefore no estimated forfeiture rate will be recorded.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company has determined that its CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making decisions, allocating resources and evaluating performance. Consequently, the Company has determined it operates in one operating and reportable segment.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. For smaller reporting companies, ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and should be applied on a full or modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which will add required disclosures of significant expenses for each reportable segment, as well as certain other disclosures to help investors understand how the CODM evaluates segment expenses and operating results. The new standard will also allow disclosure of multiple measures of segment profitability if those measures are used to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective for the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 12 for related disclosures.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The standard will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on the Company’s disclosures within its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), that requires public companies to disclose, in interim and reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the financial statements. For public business entities, it is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and is effective on either a prospective basis or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on the Company’s disclosures within the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables provide information related to the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2025
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Forward purchase agreement warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	51	$	51
Publicly traded warrant liability		468		—		—		468
	$	468	$	—	$	51	$	519

	December 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Forward purchase agreement warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	472	$	472
Publicly traded warrant liability		662		—		—		662
	$	662	$	—	$	472	$	1,134

The fair value of the forward purchase agreement warrant liability is a Level 3 fair value measurement, and was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation models. The use of significant unobservable inputs could result in those inputs being different at the reporting dates and which could result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement at the reporting dates. The following table presents the quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements of the forward purchase agreement warrant liability as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Stock price	$	1.30		$	1.43
Initial exercise price	$	10.46		$	10.46
Annual volatility		89.0	%		130.0	%
Remaining term (in years)		0.75			1.00
Risk-free rate		4.05	%		4.08	%

The Company has classified the publicly traded warrant liability within Level 1 of the hierarchy as the warrant is separately listed and traded in an active market. The publicly traded warrant’s listed price in an active market was used as the fair value.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Company’s Level 3 instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	Forward Purchase Agreement Warrant Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	472
Change in fair value		(421	)
Balance as of March 31, 2025	$	51

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, nor into and out of Level 3, during the periods presented.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. Inventories

Inventories, consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Raw materials	$	1,439	$	1,386
Work-in-progress		54		203
Finished goods		164		119
	$	1,657	$	1,708

5. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Lab equipment	$	3,106		$	3,106
Production equipment		2,249			2,249
Computer equipment		654			648
Office equipment		102			102
Total		6,111			6,105
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(4,891	)		(4,830	)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,220		$	1,275

Depreciation expense was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

6. Operating Leases

The Company leases its headquarters office space in Minnesota and leases office space in Germany. The headquarters office space lease is with a stockholder, which is considered a related party. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company and the landlord agreed to modify the lease to extend the lease term for three (3) additional years through December 31, 2030. Additionally, the Company requested and the landlord provided an additional 1,664 square feet of usable office space, for a total of 11,540 square feet of rentable space. Accordingly, base rent was increased to $6 thousand per month and increases each year by approximately four percent. Also, tenant improvements completed by the landlord totaling $0.15 million will be repaid in three $50 thousand annual payments beginning July 1, 2027. As a result of the modification, the Company recognized an increase to the ROU asset and operating lease liability of $0.5 million.

The lease of the office space in Germany is not with a related party and is immaterial.

The components of leases and lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Operating lease right-of-use asset (related party)	$	853	$	879

Operating lease liability, current portion (related party)	$	145	$	143
Operating lease liability, net of current portion (related party)		778		802
	$	923	$	945

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Operating lease cost	$	51	$	97
	$	51	$	97

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Other supplemental information of lease amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows:

Three Months Ended

March 31,

2025

2024

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liability

113

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease term - in years		5.8			6.0
Weighted-average discount rate		9.9	%		9.9	%

Future minimum lease payments associated with these leases were as follows as of March 31, 2025 (in thousands):

2025 (remaining)	$	185
2026		223
2027		230
2028		195
2029		198
Thereafter		151
		1,182
Less: Imputed interest		(259	)
	$	923

7. Product Warranty Liability

Changes in warranty liability were as follows (in thousands):

	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	2,053
Utilization		(17	)
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	2,036

The assumptions utilized in developing the liability as of March 31, 2025 include an estimated cost per unit of $6 thousand, an average Battery life of five years, inflationary increase of 3.8%, and an average patient life calculated based on probabilities outlined in the PRI-2012 mortality tables, published from the Society of Actuaries. Additionally, a discount rate of 5.2% was used in the calculation as of March 31, 2025.

8. Debt (Related Party)

Term Loans

In February 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “February 2024 Term Loan”) with a minimum principal amount of $5.0 million and up to $10.0 million to GAT Funding, LLC (“GAT”), an entity controlled by Glen A. Taylor, a member of the Company’s board of directors and a controlling stockholder of the Company. At closing, the Company drew down $5.0 million from the February 2024 Term Loan. Provided that no event of default had occurred and the Company submitted a request for funding certifying that the Company had less than $7.5 million of net tangible assets, the Company had the ability to draw the remaining $5.0 million in $2.5 million tranches, as long as each request was made prior to February 1, 2025. In both May 2024 and July 2024, the Company requested and received additional advances of $2.5 million under the February 2024 Term Loan. As of March 31, 2025, the balance outstanding on the February 2024 Term Loan was $9.5 million, net of discount.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The February 2024 Term Loan has a five-year term and matures on February 27, 2029. The principal amount drawn bears interest at a rate of 8.0% per annum and is paid quarterly in arrears after the second anniversary of the February 2024 Term Loan. Interest will accrue and is not payable for the first two years of the term and will compound and be added to the principal balance of the February 2024 Term Loan both on the first and second anniversary of the February 2024 Term Loan. The Company may prepay the accrued interest and principal of the February 2024 Term Loan without penalty, with 10 days’ notice.

In August 2024, the Company issued an additional promissory note (the “August 2024 Term Loan”) with a principal amount of up to $10.0 million to GAT. At closing, the Company drew down $5.0 million from the August 2024 Term Loan. Provided that no event of default had occurred and the Company submitted a request for funding certifying that the Company had less than $7.5 million of net tangible assets, the Company had the ability to draw the remaining $5.0 million in $2.5 million tranches, as long as each request is made prior to August 1, 2025. In December 2024, the Company requested and received an additional advance of $5.0 million under the August 2024 Term Loan. As of March 31, 2025, the balance outstanding on the August 2024 Term Loan was $9.3 million, net of discount.

The August 2024 Term Loan has a five-year term and matures on August 27, 2029. The principal amount drawn bears interest at a rate of 8.0% per annum and is paid quarterly in arrears after the second anniversary of the August 2024 Term Loan. Interest will accrue and is not payable for the first two years of the term and will compound and be added to the principal balance of the August 2024 Term Loan both on the first and second anniversary of the August 2024 Term Loan. The Company may prepay the accrued interest and principal of the August 2024 Term Loan without penalty, with 10 days’ notice.

As a commitment fee, the Company was required to issue warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of its Common Stock for each $2.5 million of principal funded under the February 2024 Term Loan and August 2024 Term Loan. The warrants have an exercise price equal to the closing price on the date of funding of the applicable tranche.

At closing of the initial funding of the February 2024 Term Loan, the Company issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.24 per share. These warrants expire on February 27, 2026. Upon the second draw made in May 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.04 per share. These warrants expire on February 28, 2026. Upon the third draw made in July 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share. These warrants expire on July 23, 2026.

At closing of the initial funding of the August 2024 Term Loan, the Company issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.97 per share. These warrants expire on August 27, 2026. Upon the second draw made in December 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.20 per share. These warrants expire on December 11, 2026.

In March 2025, the Company issued a promissory note (the “March 2025 Term Loan” and, collectively with the February 2024 Term Loan and August 2024 Term Loan, the “Term Loans”) with a minimum principal amount of $5.0 million and up to $10.0 million to GAT. At closing, the Company drew down $5.0 million from the March 2025 Term Loan. Provided that no event of default has occurred and the Company submits a request for funding certifying that the Company has less than $7.5 million of net tangible assets, the Company has the ability to draw the remaining $5.0 million in $2.5 million tranches, as long as each request is made prior to March 2026. As of March 31, 2025, the balance outstanding on the March 2025 Term Loan was $4.3 million, net of discount.

The March 2025 Term Loan has a five-year term and matures on March 6, 2030. The principal amount drawn bears interest at a rate of 8.0% per annum and is paid quarterly in arrears after the second anniversary of the March 2025 Term Loan. Interest will accrue and is not payable for the first two years of the term and will compound and be added to the principal balance of the March 2025 Term Loan both on the first and second anniversary of the March 2025 Term Loan. The Company may prepay the accrued interest and principal of the March 2025 Term Loan without penalty, with 10 days’ notice.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As a commitment fee, the Company will issue warrants to purchase 375,000 shares of its Common Stock for each $2.5 million of principal funded under the March 2025 Term Loan. The warrants will have an exercise price equal to the closing price on the date of funding of the applicable tranche and a termination date as of the third anniversary of the initial closing for all warrants. At closing of the initial funding, the Company issued GAT warrants to purchase 750,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.35 per share.

The Term Loans were accounted for as a conventional debt instrument and are accounted for in accordance with ASU 2020-06.

As a result of the issuance of the warrants with the initial closing of the February 2024 Term Loan, which met the criteria for equity classification under applicable U.S. GAAP, the Company recorded the fair value of the warrants on the issuance date in the amount of $0.2 million as a debt discount and additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result of the additional draws made in May 2024 and July 2024, the Company recorded the fair value of the additional warrants in the amount of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, as debt discounts and additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, these debt discounts are being recorded to interest expense, related party over the term of the February 2024 Term Loan.

As a result of the issuance of the warrants with the initial closing of the August 2024 Term Loan, which met the criteria for equity classification under applicable U.S. GAAP, the Company recorded the fair value of the warrants on the issuance date in the amount of $0.5 million as a debt discount and additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result of the additional draw made in December 2024, the Company recorded the fair value of the additional warrant in the amount of $0.3 million as a debt discount and additional paid-in capital. Subsequently, these debt discounts are being recorded to interest expense, related party over the term of the August 2024 Term Loan.

As a result of the issuance of the warrants with the initial closing of the March 2025 Term Loan, which met the criteria for equity classification under applicable U.S. GAAP, the Company recorded the fair value of the warrants on the issuance date in the amount of $0.7 million as a debt discount and additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Subsequently, this debt discount is being recorded to interest expense, related party over the term of the March 2025 Term Loan.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option model to estimate the fair value of warrants issued in connection with the Term Loans. In applying the Black-Scholes option model, the Company used the following assumptions in the valuation of warrants issued during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Risk-free rate		3.9	%		4.6	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Expected term (years)		2.0			1.8
Expected volatility		136.0	%		42.4	%
Stock price	$	1.35		$	3.05

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company uses a present value calculation of future cash flows to estimate the fair value of the Term Loans at the date of issuance. The Company used the following inputs in the valuation of Term Loans issued during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Principal	$	5,000,000		$	5,000,000
Coupon rate		8.0	%		8.0	%
Issuance date		3/6/2025			2/27/2024
Interest type		Fixed - rate			Fixed - rate
Payment frequency		Maturity			Maturity
Interest day count		Actual / 365			Actual / 365
Maturity		3/6/2030			2/27/2029
Market rate ⁽¹⁾		11.7	%		7.8	%

(1) Discounted using the interpolated S&P CCC yield curve commensurate with the remaining term of the note.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 the Company recognized $0.5 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, of interest expense in relation to the Term Loans, at effective interest rate ranging from 9.66% to 12.41%. Included within this interest expense total, the Company recognized $012 million and less than $0.1 million of debt discount amortization during the three months endd March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, accrued interest of $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, is recorded in accrued expenses and unamortized debt discount of $1.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, is recorded within term loans payable (related party) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

9. Common Stock

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company was authorized to issue 400,000,000 shares of Common Stock. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Company’s Common Stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (see Note 10).

Contingent Sponsor Shares

Pursuant to the sponsor support and forfeiture agreement dated April 17, 2023 by and between Anzu, Envoy Medical Corporation and the Sponsor, as amended or modified from time to time (the “Sponsor Support Agreement”), and as of the date of issuance, 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock held by the Sponsor were unvested and subject to the restrictions and forfeiture provisions set forth in the Sponsor Support Agreement (the “Contingent Sponsor Shares”). The Contingent Sponsor Shares were to vest upon the FDA’s approval of the Acclaim CI (the “FDA Approval”). If a change of control of the Company occurred following the Closing, then the conditions for vesting of any Contingent Sponsor Shares that remain unvested as of immediately prior to the consummation of the change of control were to be deemed to have been achieved and such Contingent Sponsor Shares would have immediately vested as of immediately prior to the consummation of such change of control.

As of December 20, 2024 the Company and the Sponsor entered into an agreement to remove the vesting restriction on the Contingent Sponsor Shares, more fully described in Note 10 under “Sponsor Induced Conversion”.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Outstanding Warrants

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 (in number of warrant shares):

	Shortfall Warrants		Publicly Traded Warrants		Term Loan Warrants
December 31, 2024		3,209,511		14,166,666		2,000,000
Issued		—		—		750,000
Exercised		—		—		—
Forfeited		—		—		—
March 31, 2025		3,209,511		14,166,666		2,750,000

Term Loan Warrants

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 750,000 and 500,000 shares, respectively, of its Common Stock to a related party in conjunction with the Term Loans (see Note 8) (the “Term Loan Warrants”). The Term Loan Warrants are all outstanding as of March 31, 2025.

Forward Purchase Agreement Warrant Liability

Pursuant to the terms of the Forward Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to the Meteora parties warrants to purchase 3,874,394 shares of Common Stock (the “Shortfall Warrants”). As issued, the Shortfall Warrants had an exercise price determined based on the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock, subject to a $4.00 price floor (the “Exercise Price Floor”), which Exercise Price Floor is adjustable for certain issuances of Common Stock at a price below the then-current Exercise Price Floor. The Shortfall Warrants had an expiration date of June 30, 2024 upon issuance. The fair value of the Shortfall Warrants is presented in the forward purchase agreement warrant liability line on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The change in fair value of the Shortfall Warrants each period is recorded within the change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability line on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On June 24, 2024, the Company and the Meteora parties entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Shortfall Warrants to extend the expiration of the Shortfall Warrants to December 31, 2024. On July 29, 2024, the Company and the Meteora parties entered into an amendment to adjust the Exercise Price Floor of certain Shortfall Warrants from $4.00 to $2.00 for 1,000,000 of the Shortfall Warrants, $3.00 for an additional 1,000,000 Shortfall Warrants, and with remainder of the Shortfall Warrants retaining the $4.00 Exercise Price Floor. On December 19, 2024, the Company and the Meteora parties entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Shortfall Warrants to extend the expiration date of the Shortfall Warrants to December 31, 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Meteora parties did not exercise any Shortfall Warrants. As of March 31, 2025, Shortfall Warrants to purchase 3,209,511 shares of Common Stock remained outstanding.

10. Series A Preferred Stock

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended and restated, authorized the Company to issue 100,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value preferred stock, of which 10,000,000 shares have been designated as Series A Preferred Stock.

Pursuant to a convertible promissory note, dated April 17, 2023, between Envoy Medical Corporation and GAT (the “Envoy Bridge Note”), the Sponsor Support Agreement and the Subscription Agreement, the Company has outstanding an aggregate of 4,126,667 shares of Series A Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, originally issued to the following investors:

	●	1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to GAT pursuant to the Envoy Bridge Note;

	●	2,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement; and

●

1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to certain affiliates of the Sponsor in the PIPE Transaction pursuant to the Subscription Agreement.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As described subsequently in this note, on December 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Conversion and Waiver Agreement with the Sponsor whereby 373,333 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into Common Stock.

The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have the following rights and preferences:

Voting Rights

The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are not entitled to vote or receive notice of any meeting of stockholders, except in the case that the Company creates any equity or debt instrument that ranks senior or pari passu to the rights of the Series A Preferred Stock or in the case of any adverse change to the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series A Preferred Stock.

Conversion Rights

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time after the date of issuance into such number of shares of Common Stock as determined by dividing the issuance price of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock of $10.00, by the conversion price, which was $11.50 per share as of March 31, 2025 and is adjustable for certain dilutive events.

Redemption

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock are not entitled to any redemption rights, other than those under their liquidation rights discussed below. The Company does not have the option to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock.

Dividend Rights

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend which accrues at the rate of 12% of the original issuance price of $10.00 per share per annum (“Regular Dividend”). The Regular Dividend accrues on a daily basis from and including the issuance date of such shares, whether or not declared, and will be payable in cash on a quarterly basis. If the Company fails to pay the Regular Dividends on the dividend payment date, then an additional dividend on the amount of the unpaid portion shall automatically accrue at 12%.

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock are also entitled to dividends or distributions (“Participating Dividends”) senior to Common Stock of the Company when such dividends are declared. There were no Participating Dividends declared as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Specifically pursuant to the 2,500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued subject to the Sponsor Support Agreement, any dividends arising will accrue and not require timely payment at any time when the Company has less than $10.0 million of net tangible assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not meet the $10.0 million net tangible asset requirement and deferred payment on the dividends related to the $2.5 million of Series A Preferred Stock shares held by the Sponsor. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had accrued $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in unpaid dividends as a result of the Sponsor Support Agreement.

With respect to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock other than the Series A Preferred Stock subject to the Sponsor Support Agreement held by the Sponsor, the Company had accrued zero and $0.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, in unpaid Regular Dividends.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Liquidation Preference

In the event of any liquidation, deemed liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets or surplus funds of the Company to the holders of any security of the Company that ranks junior to the Series A Preferred Stock, including, but not limited to, the Common Stock, an amount per share of Series A Preferred Stock equal to the greater of i) $10.00 plus any unpaid cash dividends and ii) the amount the holder would have received, if such holder, immediately prior to such involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Company, had converted such shares of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock.

Sponsor Induced Conversion

On December 20, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Conversion and Waiver Agreement (the “Conversion Agreement”) with the Sponsor.

As of the Effective Date of the Conversion Agreement, Sponsor was the holder of 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock and the Contingent Sponsor Shares. The Contingent Sponsor Shares were unvested and subject to certain restrictions and risk of forfeiture under the Sponsor Support Agreement until certain milestones were achieved. Pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Company may, under certain circumstances, accrue Regular Dividends and defer cash payment to the Sponsor until such circumstances are resolved.

Pursuant to the terms of the Conversion Agreement, the Sponsor and the Company agreed that, upon the Effective Date of the Conversion Agreement: (i) the Sponsor waived the Company’s obligation to pay the $3.7 million of dividends accrued on the Series A Preferred Stock as of the Effective Date; (ii) the Company waived the restriction and vesting requirement for the Contingent Sponsor Shares, making these shares unrestricted and freely tradable; (iii) the Company agreed to make a voluntary, temporary reduction in the conversion price, pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designation, of all of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock effective December 20, 2024 through January 20, 2025 from $11.50 per share of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of a share of Series A Preferred Stock to $3.63 per share (the “Conversion Price Reduction”), with the conversion ratio determined by dividing the $10.00 original issue price of the Series A Preferred Stock by such Conversion Price; and (iv) the Sponsor agreed to convert 373,333 shares of Series A Preferred Stock into 1,028,986 shares of Common Stock at the temporary Conversion Price.

As the Company was legally released from its obligation to pay certain accrued dividends to the Sponsor, the Company derecognized the accrued dividends in the amount of $3.7 million as a result of the Conversion Agreement. The Company determined that the release of the accrued dividends represents paid-in-kind consideration in the form of a stock dividend, as the Sponsor agreed to receive Common Stock at a reduced conversion price under the Conversion Agreement in exchange for waiving the Company’s obligation to pay the accrued dividends.

Additionally, the Company determined that the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock was an induced conversion as the reduced conversion price was only offered for a limited time and included the issuance of all equity securities issuable pursuant to the conversion privileges included in the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock for each share of Series A Preferred Stock that was converted to Common Stock.

11. Stock Options

On April 17, 2023, the Company’s board of directors adopted a new equity incentive plan, and the plan was approved by the stockholders on September 27, 2023 (the “2023 Equity Incentive Plan”). An aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock are reserved and may be issued under the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan, provided that until such time as certain milestones are achieved the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan will be 2,500,000 shares. As of March 31, 2025, there were options to acquire 2,295,904 shares of Common Stock outstanding under the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company initially values options at fair value on the grant date. For awards with periodic vesting, the Company recognizes the related expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award, which generally vest based on continued service over four years and expire ten years from the date of grant, subject to periodic adjustments to ensure that the cumulative amount of expense recognized through the end of any reporting period is at least equal to the portion of the grant date value of the award that has vested through that date. Certain stock options granted in 2023 under the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan have a certain percentage that are exercisable at any time following the date of grant and then vest based on continuous service over three years and expire ten years from the date of grant.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option model to estimate the fair value of stock options. In applying the Black-Scholes option model, the Company used the following assumptions in the valuation of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Expected volatility		76.0	%		50.0	%
Expected dividend yield		—			—
Expected life (years)		6.08			6.25
Risk-free rate		4.4	%		3.0	%

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025:

	Options			Weighted-average Exercise Price per Option		Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2024		2,214,769		$	2.38		8.9	$	4,956
Granted		90,000		$	1.54		9.9	$	—
Terminated		(8,865	)	$	2.68		N/A	$	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2025		2,295,904		$	2.34		8.7	$	—
Exercisable and vested at March 31, 2025		1,300,997		$	2.39		8.6	$	—

The stock-based compensation expense related to option grants was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The weighted average grant date fair value of option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested balance at December 31, 2024		988,128		$	1.81
Granted		90,000		$	1.07
Vested		(74,356	)	$	1.65
Forfeited		(8,865	)	$	1.83
Unvested balance at March 31, 2025		994,907		$	1.75

As of March 31, 2025, stock-based compensation related to unvested option awards of $1.7 million remains unamortized, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

Total stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options was classified as follows on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Research and development expense	$	63	$	27
Sales and marketing expense		4		3
General and administrative expense		93		93
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	160	$	123

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In September 2023, the Company established an employee stock purchase plan under which eligible employees may direct the Company to withhold up to 15% of their gross pay to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the offering date stock price or exercise date stock price. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no shares of Common Stock purchased under the employee stock purchase plan.

12. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the CODM in deciding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company has determined that its CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

The Company has one reportable segment: hearing. The hearing segment derives revenue from the sale of the Esteem FI-AMEI implants and replacement components to Esteem FI-AMEI implants. The Company enters into arrangements with patients to provide them with the Esteem FI-AMEI device, personal programmer devices, sound processor replacements, and Battery replacements.

The Company derives revenue primarily in the United States and manages the business activities on a consolidated basis.

The accounting policies of the hearing segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM assesses performance for the hearing segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net loss that also is reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as total assets.

The CODM uses net loss to evaluate the results generated from segment assets (return on assets) in deciding whether to make investments into the hearing segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for entering into significant contracts, hiring of key management or executive personnel, making significant capital investment decisions, or changing Company-wide strategy.

Net loss is used to monitor budget versus actual results and assist the CODM in understanding the Company’s cash flows and liquidity position, which is critical as a development state entity. This allows the CODM to make the appropriate spending decisions for the Company.

The following table summarizes the significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Net revenues	$	46		$	59
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of goods sold		226			153
Research and development		2,748			2,360
Sales and marketing		358			325
General and administrative		1,821			2,105
Total costs and operating expenses		5,153			4,943
Operating loss		(5,107	)		(4,884	)

Other segment items⁽¹⁾		615			(1,336	)
Interest expense, related party		(495	)		(36	)
Other expense, net		(11	)		(14	)
Total other income (expense), net		109			(1,386	)
Net loss	$	(4,998	)	$	(6,270	)

⁽¹⁾

Other segment items include the change in fair value of forward purchase agreement put option liability, change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability, and change in fair value of publicly traded warrant liability.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

13. Related Party Transactions

The Company had various transactions with a member of its board of directors and a controlling stockholder of the Company, which is considered a related party.

	●	The Company leases its headquarters office space in Minnesota from a company owned by the stockholder. The lease is considered a common control leasing arrangement. The lease liability due to the stockholder was $0.9 million and $0.9 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. See Note 6 for additional information related to this lease including the operating lease cost for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

	●	The Company received Term Loans from the stockholder during 2024 and 2025 (see Note 8).

	●	The Company has a shared services arrangement with a company that is indirectly owned by the stockholder, for certain support services used in the course of business. This arrangement originated on January 1, 2022 with a term of two years that automatically renews each year thereafter unless terminated by either party. In relation to the shared services arrangement, the Company expensed less than $0.1 million during both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

14. Commitment and Contingencies

The Company is party to various litigation matters arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business.

On November 14, 2023, the Company, Whitney Haring-Smith (the former chief executive officer and a former director of the Company), Daniel Hirsch (the former chief financial officer of the Company), and Anzu SPAC GP I LLC were named as defendants in a complaint filed by Atlas Merchant Capital SPAC Fund I LP (“Atlas”) in the Delaware Court of Chancery. Atlas alleges that it was not allowed to redeem its shares of the Company’s Common Stock and that the defendants acted to prevent Atlas’s attempt to redeem its shares. The defendants assert that Atlas did not comply with the requirements for redeeming shares set forth in the Company’s organizational documents. Atlas asserts damages in the amount of approximately $9.4 million, pre- and post-judgment interest, costs, and reasonable attorneys’ fees. The Company has standard indemnification obligations to Dr. Haring-Smith and Mr. Hirsch. The Company believes that the lawsuit is meritless and has been defending this matter vigorously. The Company is unable to predict the outcome of this legal proceeding.

The Company has business liability insurance to cover litigation costs exceeding $50 thousand. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded accruals for potential losses related to any existing or pending litigation claims as the Company’s management determined that there are no matters where a potential loss is probable and reasonably estimable.

ENVOY MEDICAL, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15. Net Loss per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(4,998	)	$	(6,270	)
Less: Cumulative preferred dividends		(1,238	)		(1,365	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(6,236	)	$	(7,635	)

Denominator:
Weighted-average Common Stock outstanding, basic and diluted		21,326,609			18,599,982
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.41	)

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities below, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to stockholders of Common Stock for these periods is the same.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Stock options		2,295,904		1,999,689
Series A Preferred Stock (as converted to common stock)		3,588,406		3,913,043
Publicly traded warrants		14,166,666		14,166,666
Shortfall Warrants		3,209,511		3,874,394
Contingent Sponsor Shares		—		1,000,000
Term Loan Warrants		2,750,000		500,000
		26,010,487		25,453,792

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”), as well as the information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, dated and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 31, 2025 (the “Form 10-K”), which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to the “Company,” “Envoy Medical,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other similar terms refer (i) prior to the Closing Date, to Envoy Medical Corporation and (ii) after the Closing Date, to Envoy Medical, Inc.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Report, including statements as to future results of operations and financial position, revenue and other metrics, products, business strategy and plans, objectives of management for future operations of the Company, market size and growth, competitive position and technological and market trends, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

	●	changes in the market price of shares of our Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”);

	●	unpredictability in the medical device industry, the regulatory process to approve medical devices, and the clinical development process of the Company’s products;

	●	potential need to make design changes to products to meet desired safety and efficacy endpoints;

	●	changes in federal or state reimbursement policies that would adversely affect sales of the Company’s products;

	●	introduction of other scientific advancements, including gene therapy or pharmaceuticals, that may impact the need for hearing devices such as cochlear implants or fully implanted active middle ear implants;

	●	competition in the medical device industry, and the failure to introduce new products and services in a timely manner or at competitive prices to compete successfully against competitors;

	●	disruptions in relationships with the Company’s suppliers, or disruptions in the Company’s own production capabilities for some of the key components and materials of its products;

●

changes in the need for capital and the availability of financing and capital to fund these needs;

	●	changes in interest rates or rates of inflation;

	●	changes in tariff regulations, duties and tax requirements;

	●	legal, regulatory and other proceedings that could be costly and time-consuming to defend;

	●	changes in applicable laws or regulations, or the application thereof on the Company;

●

a loss of any of the Company’s key intellectual property rights or failure to adequately protect intellectual property rights;

	●	the Company’s ability to maintain the listing of its securities on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”);

	●	the effects of catastrophic events, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts; and

●

other risks and uncertainties indicated in the Company’s Form 10-K, including those set forth under the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Nothing in this Report should be regarded as a representation by any person that the forward-looking statements set forth herein will be achieved or that any of the contemplated results of such forward-looking statements will be achieved. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The Company does not give any assurance that it will achieve its expected results and does not undertake any duty to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

As described above, Envoy Medical entered into a business combination agreement with Anzu Special Acquisition Corp I (“Anzu”) on April 17, 2023 (as amended, the “Business Combination Agreement”). The transactions under the Business Combination Agreement (collectively, the “Business Combination”) were completed on September 29, 2023, in connection with which Anzu changed its name to Envoy Medical, Inc. (and together with its subsidiaries, “Envoy Medical”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”, unless the context otherwise requires).

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, together with the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report. It should also be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, together with related notes thereto included in the Form 10-K, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

All dollar amounts are expressed in thousands of United States dollars (“$”), unless otherwise indicated.

Overview

We are a hearing health company focused on providing innovative medical technologies across the hearing loss spectrum. Our technologies are designed to shift the paradigm within the hearing industry and bring both providers and patients the hearing devices they desire. Founded in 1995, our vision is to create fully implanted hearing devices that leverage the natural ear - not an artificial microphone - to pick up sound. In recent years, we have focused almost exclusively on developing the fully implanted Acclaim® cochlear implant (the “Acclaim CI”), our lead product candidate.

We believe that the Acclaim CI is a first-of-its-kind cochlear implant. Our fully implanted technology includes a sensor designed to leverage the natural anatomy of the ear instead of a microphone to capture sound. The Acclaim CI is designed to address severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss that is not adequately addressed by hearing aids. The Acclaim CI will only be indicated for adults who have been deemed adequate candidates by a qualified physician. The Acclaim CI received the Breakthrough Device Designation from the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) in 2019.

Our first product, the Esteem ® Fully Implanted Active Middle Ear Implant (“Esteem FI-AMEI”), received FDA approval in 2010. The Esteem FI-AMEI is a fully implanted active middle ear hearing device and remains the only FDA approved fully implanted hearing device in the US market. Unfortunately, the Esteem FI-AMEI failed to gain commercial traction, primarily due to a lack of reimbursement or insurance coverage from third-party payors.

Despite the commercial challenges, approximately 1,000 Esteem FI-AMEI devices were implanted. Some devices were implanted in the early 2000s during clinical trials, providing Envoy Medical with over two decades of experience with our implantable sensor technology. Throughout our experience, our sensor technology proved a viable alternative and robust option to external or implanted microphones.

In late 2015, we made the decision to shift our focus from the Esteem FI-AMEI to a new product that would leverage our sensor technology and incorporate it into a cochlear implant. As a result, we now have the Acclaim CI, a fully implanted cochlear implant. We believe that Acclaim CI gives us the opportunity to disrupt the existing cochlear implant market. The cochlear implant market is one that already has established market acceptance and reimbursement pathways. In the United States, before we can market a new Class III medical device, like the Acclaim CI, we must first receive FDA approval via the premarket application approval process.

The Investigational Device Exemption (“IDE”) to begin a pivotal clinical study on the fully implanted Acclaim CI was granted by the FDA in October of 2024. Seven investigational sites were selected prior to the end of 2024. To date, five of the seven investigational sites have received Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) approvals and been successfully activated. The two remaining sites are waiting for IRB approval and activation.

The IDE was approved as a “staged” clinical trial with the first stage allowing enrollment of 10 study participants. Envoy Medical may request expansion into the second stage once it has discussed initial three to six month data on the 10 study participants with the FDA. If allowed by the FDA to proceed into the second stage, an additional 46 study participants will be enrolled for a total study population of 56 patients.

The first two surgeries took place in February of 2025 and all 10 patients in the first stage were implanted by mid-April. To date, six of the 10 patients have been “activated” (i.e., devices turned on).

Timing of expansion beyond the first stage is dependent on data collection and subsequent discussions with the FDA about the data. Envoy Medical is currently targeting expansion into the second stage in the fourth quarter of 2025 or the first quarter of 2026.

Each implanted study participant will be followed through their 12 month visit. After all 56 patients have been through their 12 month visits, the data will be collected and analyzed in accordance with the clinical study protocol and statistical analysis plan. Upon finalization of the results, Envoy Medical intends to submit a Premarket Approval (“PMA”) application to the FDA. The FDA will have 180 days to review the PMA unless a panel review is requested. If a panel review is requested, it may add several months of additional review time to the PMA. As a result, Envoy Medical currently anticipates obtaining the FDA’s decision on our PMA at some point within the second half of 2027 or first half of 2028, depending on the FDA’s review process and timeline.

The FDA approval process is uncertain and there can be no guarantees of whether the Acclaim CI will ever successfully receive FDA approval. In addition, we cannot predict the effects that changes to federal regulatory staffing, funding, and policies and procedures will have on the timeline and ultimate FDA approval decision. As a result, we cannot guarantee that we will receive FDA approval on a specific timeline, or at all.

We had a net loss of $5.0 million and $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $291.0 million and $284.7 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We have funded our operations to date primarily through the issuance of equity securities, term debt and convertible debt and in September 2023, we received $11.7 million proceeds from the Business Combination (see Note 1, “Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation” of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included elsewhere in this Report). We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future, and expect our research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures will continue to increase. In particular, we expect our expenses to increase as we continue our development of the Acclaim CI and seek the necessary regulatory approvals for our product candidate, as well as hire additional personnel, pay fees to outside consultants, attorneys and accountants, and incur other increased costs associated with being a public company. In addition, if and when we seek and obtain regulatory approval to commercialize the Acclaim CI in the United States, we will also incur increased expenses in connection with commercialization and marketing of such product. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials, if any, and our expenditures on other research and development activities. We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly in connection with our ongoing activities, if and as we:

	●	continue our research and development efforts for the Acclaim CI product candidate, including through clinical trials;

	●	seek additional regulatory and marketing approvals in jurisdictions outside the United States;

	●	establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize our product candidate;

	●	rely on our third-party suppliers and manufacturers to obtain adequate supply of materials and components for our products;

	●	seek to identify, assess, acquire, license, and/or develop other product candidates and subsequent generations of our current product candidate;

	●	seek to maintain, protect, and expand our intellectual property portfolio;

	●	seek to identify, hire, and retain additional skilled personnel;

	●	create additional infrastructure to support our operations as a public company and our product candidate development and planned future commercialization efforts; and

●

experience any delays or encounter issues with respect to any of the above, including, but not limited to, failed studies, complex results, safety issues or other regulatory challenges that require longer follow-up of existing studies or additional supportive studies in order to pursue marketing approval.

We expect that our financial performance may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year due to the development status of our Acclaim CI product and our efforts to obtain regulatory approval and commercialize the Acclaim CI product.

The Acclaim CI has not yet been approved for sale. We do not expect to generate any product sales unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidate. If we obtain regulatory approval for the Acclaim CI, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution. As a result, until such time, if ever, that we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources, including collaborations, licenses or similar arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed or on favorable terms, if at all. Any failure to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and on our ability to pursue our business plans and strategies, including our research and development activities. If we are unable to raise capital, we will need to delay, reduce, or terminate planned activities to reduce costs.

Macroeconomic Conditions

Our business and financial performance are impacted by macroeconomic conditions. Global macroeconomic challenges, such as the effects of the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the Middle East conflict, supply chain constraints, tariffs and trade wars, market uncertainty, volatility in exchange rates, inflationary trends, interest rates, and evolving dynamics in the global trade environment have impacted our business, financial performance, and our ability to raise capital.

Furthermore, a recession or market correction resulting from macroeconomic factors could materially affect our business and the value of our Common Stock. The occurrence of any such events may lead to reduced disposable income which could adversely affect the number of Esteem FI-AMEI implants and replacement components sold as a result of customer and patient reluctance to seek treatment due to financial considerations.

Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including pandemics or international tensions, could also result in significant disruption of global economic conditions and consumer trends, as well as a significant disruption in financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital, which could in the future negatively affect our liquidity.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Currently, we derive substantially all our revenue from the sale of the Esteem FI-AMEI implants and replacement components to Esteem FI-AMEI implants. We enter arrangements with patients to provide them with the Esteem FI-AMEI device, personal programmer devices, sound processor / battery assembly (“Battery”) replacements, and/or an optional Care Plan, each of which are outputs of our ordinary activities in exchange for consideration. Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of the product to a customer, which occurs at a point in time, when we are notified the product has been implanted or used by the customer in a surgical procedure. New implantations of the Esteem FI-AMEI are not expected to be more than a few per year and may be as low as zero. Although we believe it to be unlikely, Esteem FI-AMEI implantations could potentially increase with favorable reimbursement policy and coverage changes. We will continue our efforts to pursue positive reimbursement changes for fully implanted active middle ear implants. There will be continued nominal revenue from replacement of sound processors for patients who need a new Battery.

Upon commercialization of our Acclaim CI product, we expect that Acclaim CI revenues will more than exceed our Esteem FI-AMEI revenue. We are targeting FDA approval for the Acclaim CI in 2027.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes direct and indirect costs related to the manufacturing and distribution of the Esteem FI-AMEI, including materials, labor costs for personnel involved in the manufacturing process, distribution-related services, indirect overhead costs, and charges for excess and obsolete inventory reserves and inventory write-offs.

We expect cost of goods sold to increase or decrease in absolute dollars primarily as, and to the extent, our revenue grows or declines, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist of costs incurred for our research activities, primarily our discovery efforts and the development of the Acclaim CI product. We also incur R&D costs related to continuing to support, and improving upon where possible, our Esteem FI-AMEI product. We expense R&D costs as incurred, which include:

	●	salaries, employee benefits, and other related costs for our personnel engaged in R&D functions;

	●	service fees incurred under agreements with independent consultants, including their fees and related travel expenses engaged in R&D functions;

	●	costs of laboratory testing including supplies and acquiring, developing, and manufacturing study materials; and

●

facility-related expenses, which include direct depreciation costs and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and other operating costs.

Costs for certain development activities are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information and data provided to us by our vendors, service providers and our clinical sites.

Our R&D expenses are currently tracked on a program-by-program basis. The majority of our R&D expenses incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were for the development of the Acclaim CI.

Our products require human clinical trials to obtain regulatory approval for commercial sales. We cannot determine with certainty the size, duration, or completion costs of future clinical trials, or if or when they may be completed. Furthermore, we do not know if the clinical trials will show positive or negative results, or what those results will mean for regulatory approval or commercialization efforts.

The duration, costs and timing of future clinical trials and development of our products will depend on a variety of factors, including:

	●	the scope, rate of progress, and expense of our ongoing, as well as any additional, clinical trials and other R&D activities;

	●	interest in or demand for both investigational site and subject enrollment;

	●	future clinical trial results;

	●	potential changes in government regulation;

	●	potential changes in the reimbursement landscape; and

●

the timing and receipt of any regulatory approvals.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of our Acclaim CI product could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that implant. If the FDA or another regulatory authority were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those that we currently anticipate, or if we experience significant delays in the enrollment in any clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development.

R&D activities are central to our business model. We expect that our R&D expenses will continue to increase for the foreseeable future as we initiate clinical trials for the Acclaim CI product and prepare the product for possible commercialization, should it gain regulatory approval(s). If the Acclaim CI product enters later stages of clinical trials and ongoing development, the product will generally incur higher R&D expenses than those in earlier stages of research and development, primarily due to simultaneously running clinical trials while also iterating the product for commercialization and preparing for the needs of commercialization. There are numerous factors associated with the successful commercialization of the Acclaim CI product or any products we may develop in the future, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. Additionally, future commercial and regulatory factors beyond our control will impact our clinical development program and plans.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and other related costs for personnel in our sales and marketing functions. Sales and marketing expenses also include certain indirect costs associated with efforts to secure insurance reimbursement of our products. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in the foreseeable future as we increase our sales and marketing personnel to support our continuing growth.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and other related costs for personnel in our executive, operations, legal, human resources, finance, insurance premiums, and administrative functions. Administrative expenses also include professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, accounting, tax and audit services, travel expenses and facility-related expenses, which include direct depreciation costs and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, technology, and other operating costs.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in the foreseeable future as we increase our administrative personnel to support our continuing growth, our costs of expanding our operations and operating as a public company. These increases will likely include the hiring of additional personnel and legal, regulatory, and other fees and services associated with maintaining compliance with Nasdaq and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance costs and investor relations costs associated with being a public company.

Change in Fair Value of Forward Purchase Agreement Put Option Liability

We recognized the forward purchase agreement put option liability at fair value at each reporting period. The liability was subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value was recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The forward purchase agreement put option liability has been derecognized as of March 31, 2024 due to the sale of the shares associated with the forward purchase agreement during the first quarter of 2024.

Change in Fair Value of Forward Purchase Agreement Warrant Liability

We recognize the forward purchase agreement warrant liability at fair value at each reporting period. The liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value is recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during each reporting period.

Change in Fair Value of Publicly Traded Warrant Liability

We recognize the publicly traded warrant liability at fair value at each reporting period. The liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and any change in fair value is recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during each reporting period.

Interest Expense, Related Party

Interest expense, related party consists of accrued interest for the term loans held by a related party (the “Term Loans”), as well as amortization of the debt discount recorded as a result of the warrants issued with the Term Loans. Amortization of the debt discount is recorded over the respective terms of the Term Loans.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 consists of interest incurred on insurance financing loans.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

	Three Months ended March 31,						Change in
(In thousands, except percentages)	2025			2024			$			%
Net revenues	$	46		$	59		$	(13	)		(22.0	)%
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of goods sold		226			153			73			47.7	%
Research and development		2,748			2,360			388			16.4	%
Sales and marketing		358			325			33			10.2	%
General and administrative		1,821			2,105			(284	)		(13.5	)%
Total costs and operating expenses		5,153			4,943			210			4.3	%
Operating loss		(5,107	)		(4,884	)		(223	)		4.6	%
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement put option liability		—			103			(103	)		(100.0	)%
Change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability		421			(262	)		683			(260.7	)%
Change in fair value of publicly traded warrant liability		194			(1,177	)		1,371			(116.5	)%
Interest expense, related party		(495	)		(36	)		(459	)		1275.0	%
Other expense, net		(11	)		(14	)		3			(22.4	)%
Total other income (expense), net		109			(1,386	)		1,495			(107.9	)%
Net loss	$	(4,998	)	$	(6,270	)	$	1,272			(20.3	)%

Net Revenues

Net revenues decreased $13 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to the decrease in the number of Battery replacement sales due to supply chain limitations.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold increased $73 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase is primarily due to an increase in headcount in preparation of production growth of the Esteem FI-AMEI product, new supplier expenses and an adjustment to the inventory reserve.

Research and Development Expenses

The following table summarizes the components of our R&D expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31				Change in
(In thousands, except percentages)	2025		2024		$		%
R&D product costs	$	1,467	$	1,342	$	125		9.3	%
R&D personnel costs		1,061		857		204		23.8	%
Other R&D costs		220		161		59		36.6	%
Total research and development costs	$	2,748	$	2,360	$	388		16.4	%

R&D expenses increased $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase is primarily due to an increase in headcount and contractors in our engineering and clinical departments for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as we increased headcount across our clinical and cochlear departments in preparation for our pivotal clinical study for the Acclaim CI. The Company incurred additional expenses related to the pivotal clinical study in the form of initial site start-up costs, parts and supplies, and data capturing platforms.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $33 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase is primarily due to increased headcount, travel, and the addition of a patient engagement program, partially offset by the reduction of legal and professional fees to secure insurance reimbursement for the Esteem FI-AMEI product.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $284 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease is primarily due to reduced legal fees and professional service costs in 2025 compared to 2024, partially offset by an increase in headcount and miscellaneous administrative expenses.

Change in Fair Value of Forward Purchase Agreement Put Option Liability

The change in the fair value of the forward purchase agreement put option liability was $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to a gain of $103 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the first quarter of 2024, the shares associated with the forward purchase agreement put option were sold.

Change in Fair Value of Forward Purchase Agreement Warrant Liability

The gain from the change in the fair value of the forward purchase agreement warrant liability was $421 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to a loss of $262 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to the decrease in stock price.

Change in Fair Value of Publicly Traded Warrant Liability

The gain from the change in the fair value of the publicly traded warrant liability was $194 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to a loss of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This increase is due to a decrease in the Company’s closing price for those warrants during the period.

Interest Expense, Related Party

Interest expense, related party increased $459 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase is due to additional issuances of Term Loans between the two periods.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense decreased by $3 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to a reduction in interest incurred on insurance financing loans.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we advance the clinical development of our products and fund the process of clinical FDA trials. We have funded our operations to date primarily with proceeds from issuing equity securities, term loans, convertible notes and proceeds from the Business Combination. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $5.3 million and $5.5 million of cash, respectively.

We proactively manage our access to capital to support liquidity and continued growth. Our sources of capital include issuances of our Common Stock, Series A preferred stock (“Preferred Stock”), warrants, convertible debt, term debt and other financing agreements such as the forward purchase agreement, and proceeds from the sales of the Esteem FI-AMEI implants and replacement components. See Note 1, “Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation”, of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included elsewhere in this Report.

We may seek to raise any necessary additional capital through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements and other marketing and distribution arrangements. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in acquiring additional funding at levels sufficient to fund our operations or on terms favorable to us. If we are unable to raise sufficient financing when needed or events or circumstances occur such that we do not meet our strategic plans, we may be required to reduce certain discretionary spending, be unable to develop new or enhanced production methods, or be unable to fund capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to achieve our intended business objectives. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. To the extent that we raise additional capital through additional collaborations, strategic alliances, or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our Acclaim CI, future revenue streams, research programs or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity or convertible debt offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends.

Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section of the Form 10-K titled “Risk Factors – Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations.”

Cash Flows

The following table presents a summary of our cash flow for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31
	2025			2024
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(3,725	)	$	(5,589	)
Investing activities		(6	)		(109	)
Financing activities		3,554			6,426
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		6			(1	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash	$	(171	)	$	727

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily used to fund a net loss of $5.0 million and $0.9 million of cash inflows from net changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities, adjusted for non-cash expenses in an aggregate amount of $0.4 million.

The $0.9 million of cash inflows from net changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease of $0.8 million in other receivables due to the receipt of an income tax refund and other typical fluctuations resulting from timing of cash receipts and disbursements within operating accounts. We will continue to evaluate our capital requirements for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs, which could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the current inflationary environment, rising interest rates, and other risks detailed in the section of this Report titled “Risk Factors.”

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily used to fund a net loss of $6.3 million, adjusted for non-cash expenses in aggregate amount of $1.9 million and $1.2 million of cash used from net changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.

The $1.2 million of cash outflows from net changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to decreases of 1) $0.6 million in accounts payable primarily due to payments made for professional services, Acclaim CI prototype parts, and a clinical trial and 2) $0.4 million in accrued expenses primarily due to payments of Series A Preferred Stock dividends as well as an increase of 3) $0.1 million in inventories primarily due to purchases of Battery replacement parts for the Esteem FI-AMEI.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $6 thousand and consisted of purchases of computer equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $0.1 million and consisted of a deposit on equipment not yet placed in service.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $3.6 million and was a result of proceeds from the issuance of Term Loans in the amount of $5.0 million, partially offset by dividends paid to preferred stockholders in the amount of $1.2 million and payments made on insurance financing loans of $0.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $6.4 million. This was driven by the $5.0 million proceeds from Term Loans as well as the receipt of $1.7 million from the sale of Common Stock associated with the forward purchase agreement, partially offset by payments made on insurance financing loans of $0.3 million.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal commitments consist of our operating leases for office space, a litigation matter arising from the Company’s Business Combination, and term loans entered into during 2024 and 2025 with GAT Funding, LLC in several installments totaling $25.0 million in outstanding principal as of March 31, 2025. Our obligations for leases are described in Note 6, “Operating Leases”, information on our open litigation matter is included in Note 14, “Commitments and Contingencies”, and details on the term loans are described in Note 8, “Debt (Related Party)” of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included elsewhere in this Report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented, we did not have, nor do we currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Related Party Arrangements

Our related party arrangements consist of receiving term loan financings, leasing our headquarters office space, and contracting for IT services from a stockholder. For further information on the related party arrangements, refer to Note 6, “Operating Leases”, Note 8, “Debt (Related Party)” and Note 13, “Related Party Transactions”, of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included elsewhere in this Report.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Certain amounts included in or affecting the condensed consolidated financial statements presented in this Form 10-Q and related disclosure must be estimated, requiring management to make assumptions with respect to values or conditions which cannot be known with certainty at the time the condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared. Management believes that the accounting policies set forth below comprise the most important “critical accounting policies” for the Company. A “critical accounting policy” is one which is both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that involves difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Management evaluates such policies on an ongoing basis, based upon historical results and experience, consultation with experts and other methods that management considers reasonable in the particular circumstances under which the judgments and estimates are made, as well as management’s forecasts as to the manner in which such circumstances may change in the future.

Fair Value Measurements

We determine the fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy established in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

	●	Level 1 - Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

	●	Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

●

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Management uses valuation techniques in measuring the fair value of financial instruments, where active market quotes are not available.

The following table summarizes the activity for our Level 3 instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	Forward Purchase Agreement Warrant Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	472
Change in fair value		(421	)
Balance as of March 31, 2025	$	51

The fair value of the forward purchase agreement warrant liability, which is a Level 3 fair value measurement, was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Key estimates and assumptions impacting the fair value measurement include (i) the Company’s stock price, (ii) the initial exercise price, (iii) volatility, (iv) the remaining term and (v) the risk-free rate.

Research and Development Expenses

We will incur substantial expenses associated with prototyping, improvements, testing and clinical trials. Accounting for clinical trials relating to activities performed by external vendors requires us to exercise significant estimates regarding the timing and accounting for these expenses. We estimate costs of R&D activities conducted by service providers, which include the conduct of sponsored research and contract manufacturing activities. The diverse nature of services being provided for our clinical trials and other arrangements, the different compensation arrangements that exist for each type of service and the lack of timely information related to certain clinical activities complicates the estimation of accruals for services rendered by third parties in connection with clinical trials. We record the estimated costs of R&D activities based upon the estimated amount of services provided but not yet invoiced and include these costs in accrued expenses or prepaid expenses on the consolidated balance sheets and within R&D expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In estimating the duration of a clinical study, we evaluate the start-up, treatment and wrap-up periods, compensation arrangements and services rendered attributable to each clinical trial and fluctuations are regularly tested against payment plans and trial completion assumptions.

We estimate these costs based on factors such as estimates of the work completed and budget provided and in accordance with agreements established with our collaboration partners and third-party service providers. We make significant judgments and estimates in determining the accrued liabilities and prepaid expense balances in each reporting period. As actual costs become known, we adjust our accrued liabilities or prepaid expenses. We have not experienced any material differences between accrued costs and actual costs incurred since our inception.

Our expenses related to clinical trials will be based on estimates of patient enrollment and related expenses at clinical investigator sites as well as estimates for the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions that may be used to conduct and manage clinical trials on our behalf. We will accrue expenses related to clinical trials based on contracted amounts applied to the level of patient enrollment and activity. If timelines or contracts are modified based upon changes in the clinical trial protocol or scope of work to be performed, we will modify our estimates of accrued expenses accordingly on a prospective basis.

Product Warranty

During 2013, we offered a lifetime warranty to clinical trial patients to cover Battery and surgery related costs. We estimate the costs that may be incurred under this lifetime warranty and record a liability in the amount of such costs at its present value. The assumptions utilized in developing the liability include an estimated cost per unit of $6 thousand, an average Battery life of five years, inflationary increases, discount rate, and an average patient life calculated on probabilities outlined in the PRI-2012 mortality tables, published from the Society of Actuaries.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock-based payment awards granted through June 30, 2024 is estimated using the Black-Scholes option model with a volatility figure derived from using a determined peer group of other companies’ stock prices since the trading history of our stock was too short to provide accurate data. The fair value of stock-based payment awards granted subsequent to June 30, 2024 is estimated using the Black-Scholes option model with a volatility figure derived from using the trading history of our Common Stock. We account for the expected term of options in accordance with the “simplified” method, which is used for “plain-vanilla” options, as defined in ASC Topic 718, Share-based Payment. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining life consistent with the expected term of the options.

We adopted the guidance from Accounting Standards Update 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Compensation Accounting, and we determined not to apply a forfeiture rate and have made the accounting election that forfeitures will be recognized when the actual forfeiture takes place therefore no estimated forfeiture rate will be recorded.

Recently Issued/Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements and recently adopted accounting pronouncements is included in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included elsewhere in this Report.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or no not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard, until such time we are no longer considered to be an emerging growth company. At times, we may elect to early adopt a new or revised standard.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including currency risk, credit and counterparty risk, and inflation risk, as set out below. We manage and monitor these exposures to ensure appropriate measures are implemented in a timely and effective manner.

Currency Risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrume

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Envoy Medical Inc.