hyln-20230630

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-38823

HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware						83-2538002
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)						(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1202 BMC Drive, Suite 100, Cedar Park, TX						78613
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(833) 495-4466

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

HYLN

The New York Stock Exchange

As of July 28, 2023, 181,220,377 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	22

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	23
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	23
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	23
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	23
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	23
Item 5.	Other Information	23
Item 6.	Exhibits	23

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	48,205	$	119,468
Accounts receivable	804		1,136
Inventory	892		74
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	15,853		9,795
Short-term investments	183,440		193,740
Total current assets	249,194		324,213

Property and equipment, net	8,942		5,606
Operating lease right-of-use assets	7,908		6,470
Intangible assets, net	237		200
Other assets	1,946		1,686
Long-term investments	122,694		108,568
Total assets	$	390,921	$	446,743

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	2,087	$	2,800
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	768		347
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,581		11,535
Total current liabilities	18,436		14,682

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	7,899		6,972
Other liabilities	1,441		1,515
Total liabilities	27,776		23,169

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)

Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 181,152,151 and 179,826,309 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	18		18
Additional paid-in capital	401,439		397,810
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	(38,312)		25,746
Total stockholders’ equity	363,145		423,574
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	390,921	$	446,743

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues
Product sales and other	$	266	$	172	$	576	$	512
Total revenues	266		172		576		512
Cost of revenues
Product sales and other	307		2,145		998		4,244
Total cost of revenues	307		2,145		998		4,244
Gross loss	(41)		(1,973)		(422)		(3,732)
Operating expenses
Research and development	27,439		20,057		48,357		35,865
Selling, general and administrative	11,098		12,167		22,079		21,991
Total operating expenses	38,537		32,224		70,436		57,856
Loss from operations	(38,578)		(34,197)		(70,858)		(61,588)

Interest income	3,349		855		6,811		1,140
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets	(1)		(133)		1		(135)
Other income (expense), net	3		—		(12)		—
Net loss	$	(35,227)	$	(33,475)	$	(64,058)	$	(60,583)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.19)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.35)	$	(0.35)

Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	180,966,908		173,897,517		180,544,821		173,741,910

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	179,826,309	$	18	$	397,810	$	25,746	$	423,574
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	869,263	—		(176)		—		(176)
Share-based compensation	—	—		2,040		—		2,040
Net loss	—	—		—		(28,831)		(28,831)
Balance at March 31, 2023	180,695,572	18		399,674		(3,085)		396,607
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	456,579	—		44		—		44
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,721		—		1,721
Net loss	—	—		—		(35,227)		(35,227)
Balance at June 30, 2023	181,152,151	$	18	$	401,439	$	(38,312)	$	363,145





	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	173,468,979	$	17	$	374,795	$	179,103	$	553,915
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	336,155	—		(92)		—		(92)
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,563		—		1,563
Net loss	—	—		—		(27,108)		(27,108)
Balance at March 31, 2022	173,805,134	17		376,266		151,995		528,278
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	193,834	—		15		—		15
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,922		—		1,922
Net loss	—	—		—		(33,475)		(33,475)
Balance at June 30, 2022	173,998,968	$	17	$	378,203	$	118,520	$	496,740

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(64,058)	$	(60,583)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,132		554
Amortization and accretion of investments, net	(789)		1,043
Noncash lease expense	658		613
Inventory write-down	231		3,313
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets	(1)		135
Share-based compensation	3,761		3,485

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	332		(44)
Inventory	(1,049)		(3,375)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,763)		595
Accounts payable	(713)		(4,794)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	3,418		4,024
Operating lease liabilities	(748)		(537)
Net cash used in operating activities	(63,589)		(55,571)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment and other	(3,952)		(559)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	2		—

Payments for security deposit, net	(45)		—
Purchase of investments	(99,193)		(106,797)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments	95,646		104,492
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,542)		(2,864)

Cash flows from financing activities


Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	84		54
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(216)		(131)

Net cash used in financing activities	(132)		(77)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(71,263)		(58,512)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	120,133		259,110
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	48,870	$	200,598

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:

Acquisitions of property and equipment included in accounts payable and other	$	554	$	66
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	2,096	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except as separately indicated)

Note 1. Overview

Hyliion Holdings Corp. is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Cedar Park, Texas. References to the “Company,” “Hyliion,” “we,” or “us” in this report refer to Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires.

The Company designs and develops hybrid and fully electric powertrain systems for Class 8 semi-trucks, which modify semi-tractors into hybrid and range-extending electric vehicles, respectively. The Hypertruck ERXTM system utilizes an intelligent electric powertrain with advanced algorithms to optimize emissions performance and efficiency with no new infrastructure required. The Hypertruck ERX system enables fleets to reduce the cost of ownership while providing the ability to deliver net-negative carbon emissions when fueled by renewable natural gas, and operate fully electric when needed.

We have begun the build of our first production unit of the Hypertruck ERX system 12-liter variant as of mid-2023. Additionally, in 2022 the Company acquired new fuel agnostic capable generator technology with which it plans to develop and commercialize as the Hypertruck KARNO system and a KARNO generator to be used in stationary power applications. Finally, the Company recently announced an agreement with Hyzon Motors USA Inc. (“Hyzon”) to jointly develop a prototype fuel cell powered vehicle, with limited research and development in the first phase.

The Company is currently selling its hybrid system, which utilizes intelligent electric drive axles with advanced algorithms and battery technology to optimize vehicle performance, enabling fleets to access an easy, efficient way to decrease fuel expenses, lower emissions and/or improve vehicle performance (“Hybrid”).

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022 was derived from audited financial statements for the fiscal year then ended, but does not include all necessary disclosures required with respect to annual financial statements. In the opinion of the Company, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all recurring adjustments and normal accruals necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the dates and periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2022 Annual Report. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year or for any future period.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company is an early-stage growth company and has generated negative cash flows from operating activities since inception. At June 30, 2023, the Company had total equity of $363.1 million, inclusive of cash and cash equivalents of $48.2 million and total investments of $306.1 million. Based on this, the Company has sufficient funds to continue to execute its business strategy for the next twelve months from the issuance date of the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve revenue recognition, inventory, warranties, acquisitions, income taxes and valuation of share-based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Supplier Risk

The Company is dependent on certain suppliers, the majority of which are single source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of the Company’s products in a timely manner at prices, quality levels and volumes

that are acceptable, or the Company’s inability to efficiently manage these components from these suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents only if in checking, savings or money market accounts. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions which it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances to date. The Company believes its credit risk, with respect to these financial institutions to be minimal.

Restricted Cash

The Company has provided its corporate headquarters lessor with a letter of credit for $0.7 million to secure the performance of the Company's lease obligations, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the lessor. Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is summarized as follows:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	48,205	$	119,468	$	199,933	$	258,445
Restricted cash included in other assets	665		665		665		665
	$	48,870	$	120,133	$	200,598	$	259,110

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at a gross invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for potential account losses on the balance based on the Company’s evaluation of the anticipated impact of current economic conditions, changes in the character and size of the balance, past and expected future loss experience and other pertinent factors. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accounts receivable included amounts receivable from customers of $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, allowance for doubtful accounts on customer receivables was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

The portion of our net accounts receivable from significant customers is summarized as follows:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Customer A	55	%	82	%
Customer C	—		12
Customer G	24		—
Customer H	21		—
	100	%	94	%

Investments

The Company’s investments consist of corporate bonds, U.S. treasury and agency securities, state and local municipal bonds and commercial paper, all of which are classified as held-to-maturity, with a maturity date of 36-months or less at the time of purchase. The Company determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Investments are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization, along with interest, is included in interest income. The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of securities sold.

Investments are impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company evaluates investments for impairment by considering the length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost or amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer as well as specific events or circumstances that may influence the operations of the issuer and the Company’s intent to sell the security or the likelihood that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded to other income (expense) and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level I: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access at the measurement date;

Level II: Significant other observable inputs other than level I prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

Level III: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, however the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of investments are based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. As a result, investments are classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue

The Company follows five steps to recognize revenue from contracts with customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which are:

•Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer;

•Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract;

•Step 3: Determine the transaction price;

•Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue is comprised of sales of Hybrid systems for Class 8 semi-trucks, Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with Hybrid systems and specific other features and services that meet the definition of a performance obligation, including internet connectivity and data processing. We provide installation services for the Hybrid system onto the customers’ vehicle. The Company’s products are marketed and sold to end-user fleet customers in North America. When our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations and where material, the contract transaction price is allocated on a relative standalone selling price basis to each performance obligation.

We recognize revenue on Hybrid system sales and Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with Hybrid systems upon delivery to, and acceptance of the vehicle by, the customer, which is when control transfers. Contracts are reviewed for significant financing components and payments are typically received within 30 days of delivery. The sale of a Hybrid system to an end-use fleet customer consists of a completed modification to the customer vehicle and the installation services involve significant integration of the Hybrid system with the customer’s vehicle. Installation services are not distinct within the context of the contract and together with the sale of the Hybrid system represent a single performance obligation. We do not offer any sales returns. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and we have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control has transferred to the customer as a cost of revenue. Our policy is to exclude taxes collected from customers from the transaction price of contracts. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we began

taking deposits to secure future Hypertruck ERX production slots. Such deposits were immaterial at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

When a Class 8 semi-truck with a Hybrid system upfit is sold to a customer, judgment is required to determine if we are the principal or agent in the arrangement. We consider factors such as, but not limited to, which entity has the primary responsibility for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good or service, which entity has inventory risk before the specified good or service has been transferred to a customer and which entity has discretion in establishing the price for the specified good or service. We have determined that we are the principal in transactions involving the resale of Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with the Hybrid system.

The disaggregation of our revenue sources is summarized as follows and is attributable to the U.S.:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Hybrid systems and other	$	266	$	172	$	320	$	512
Class 8 semi-truck prepared for Hybrid system upfit	—		—		256		—
Total product sales and other	$	266	$	172	$	576	$	512

The portion of our revenues from significant customers is summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Customer A	28	%	—	%	60	%	18	%
Customer B	—		61		—		35
Customer D	—		—		—		17
Customer E	—		—		—		11
Customer G	62		—		29		—
	90	%	61	%	89	%	81	%

Warranties

We provide limited assurance-type warranties under our contracts and do not offer extended warranties or maintenance contracts. The warranty period typically extends for the lesser of two years or 200,000 miles following transfer of control and solely relates to correction of product defects during the warranty period. We recognize the cost of the warranty upon transfer of control based on estimated and historical claims rates and fulfillment costs, which are variable. Should product failure rates and fulfillment costs differ from these estimates, material revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of revenue.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development costs did not meet the requirements to be recognized as an asset as the associated future benefits were at best uncertain and there was no alternative future use at the time the costs were incurred. Research and development costs include, but are not limited to, outsourced engineering services, allocated facilities costs, depreciation on equipment utilized in research and development activities, internal engineering and development expenses, materials, internally-developed software and employee related expenses (including salaries, benefits, travel, and share-based compensation) related to development of the Company’s products and services.

Note 3. Investments

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, fair value and maturities of our held-to-maturity investments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:


			Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	50,913	$	—	$	(81)	$	50,832
U.S. government agency bonds	17,691		—		(386)		17,305
State and municipal bonds	35,221		—		(259)		34,962
Corporate bonds and notes	202,309		1		(2,149)		200,161
	$	306,134	$	1	$	(2,875)	$	303,260


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	36,675	$	2	$	(161)	$	36,516
U.S. government agency bonds	12,441		6		(328)		12,119
State and municipal bonds	40,104		28		(628)		39,504
Corporate bonds and notes	213,088		76		(3,344)		209,820
	$	302,308	$	112	$	(4,461)	$	297,959


	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	183,440	$	182,117	$	193,740	$	191,094
Due after one year through five years	122,694		121,143		108,568		106,865
	$	306,134	$	303,260	$	302,308	$	297,959

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value measurements of our financial assets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2023
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	48,205	$	—	$	—	$	48,205
Restricted cash	665		—		—		665
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		50,832		—		50,832
U.S. government agency bonds	—		17,305		—		17,305
State and municipal bonds	—		34,962		—		34,962
Corporate bonds and notes	—		200,161		—		200,161
	$	48,870	$	303,260	$	—	$	352,130


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	119,468	$	—	$	—	$	119,468
Restricted cash	665		—		—		665
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		36,516		—		36,516
U.S. government agency bonds	—		12,119		—		12,119
State and municipal bonds	—		39,504		—		39,504
Corporate bonds and notes	—		209,820		—		209,820
	$	120,133	$	297,959	$	—	$	418,092

Note 5. Inventory

The carrying value of our inventory at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is summarized as follows:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	761	$	—

Finished goods	131		74
	$	892	$	74

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded inventory write-downs of nil and $0.2 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded inventory write-downs of $2.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. These write-downs are included in cost of revenues.

Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is summarized as follows:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Production machinery and equipment	$	8,479	$	5,897
Vehicles	2,013		817
Leasehold improvements	1,304		1,002
Office furniture and fixtures	223		162
Computers and related equipment	1,604		1,367
	13,623		9,245
Less: accumulated depreciation	(4,681)		(3,639)
Total property and equipment, net	$	8,942	$	5,606

Note 7. Share-Based Compensation

During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted 2.5 million and 2.1 million, respectively, restricted stock units which will vest over a period of one to three years, some of which include performance criteria based on the achievement of key Company milestones. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, 0.6 million and 0.5 million, respectively, restricted stock units and options were forfeited. Share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $1.7 million and $3.8 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $1.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively.

Note 8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued professional services and other	$	11,041	$	5,834
Accrued compensation and related benefits	3,581		4,773
Other accrued liabilities	959		928
	$	15,581	$	11,535

Note 9. Warranties

The change in warranty liability for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is summarized as follows and included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	535	$	238	$	527	$	44
Accrual for warranties issued	120		124		153		331
Net changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties	(23)		9		(23)		—
Warranty charges	(66)		(23)		(91)		(27)
Balance at end of period	$	566	$	348	$	566	$	348

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. The Company believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 11. Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(35,227)	$	(33,475)	$	(64,058)	$	(60,583)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	180,966,908		173,897,517		180,544,821		173,741,910

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.19)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.35)	$	(0.35)

Potential common shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follows:


	Three and Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023	2022
Unexercised stock options	2,053,599	2,761,006
Unvested restricted stock units*	4,063,027	4,154,423
	6,116,626	6,915,429

* Potential common shares from unvested restricted stock units for the periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 include 649,584 and 1,361,667 shares, respectively, where no accounting grant date has been established.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References to the “Company,” “Hyliion,” “we,” or “us” in this report refer to Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary Hyliion Inc., unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto in our 2022 Annual Report.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our strategy, prospects, plans, objectives, future operations, future revenue and earnings, projected margins and expenses, markets for our services, potential acquisitions or strategic alliances, financial position, and liquidity and anticipated cash needs and availability. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words and similar expressions or the negatives thereof are intended to identify forward-looking statements. However, not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements represent our management’s expectations as of the date of this filing and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of the forward-looking statements, and you should be aware that results and events could differ materially and adversely from those contained in the forward-looking statements due to a number of risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other documents we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”) that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other documents we file from time to time with the Commission. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any duty, to publicly update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, new developments, or otherwise and even if experience or future changes make it clear that any projected results expressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or future quarterly reports, press releases or company statements will not be realized. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q do not reflect the potential impact of any divestitures, mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations that have not been completed as of the date of this filing. In addition, the inclusion of any statement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q does not constitute an admission by us that the events or circumstances described in such statement are material. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. In addition, the industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors including those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These and other factors could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Our mission is to be the leading provider of electrified solutions for the commercial vehicle industry as well as other industries. Our goal is to reduce the carbon intensity and greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions in the transportation sector by providing electrified solutions for Class 8 vehicles that aim to reduce the cost of operation while utilizing existing fueling infrastructure and allowing for the use of a variety of fuels. Our solutions help support our customers’ pursuit of sustainability and financial goals by reducing GHG emissions and operating costs. Our current products and products under development utilize control software, data analytics, battery systems, fully integrated electric motors, and power electronics to produce our electrified powertrain systems.

Hypertruck ERX System

Late in 2023 we plan to begin selling the Hypertruck ERX powertrain platform (“Hypertruck ERX system”), with estimated sales in the year of 30 units. The Hypertruck ERX system is a complete electrified powertrain system leveraging an onboard CNG-fueled generator to supplement battery range to transform an OEM platform into a range-extended electric vehicle (“REEV”). The Hypertruck ERX system leverages the experience and operating data from our Hybrid system to offer a solution to replace the traditional diesel or CNG powertrain installed in new vehicles. Its onboard CNG generator functions as an electric range-extender, addressing the market need of having a fully electric drive truck that can travel long distance between refuels as there is not yet a national reliable electric recharging network for battery electric vehicles (“BEV”) do. The system’s batteries are recharged by the onboard CNG generator, which when fueled by renewable natural gas (“RNG”), can offer commercial vehicle owners a reduction in their GHG emissions and potentially a net-carbon-negative-capable electrified powertrain option.

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We believe CNG/RNG is the appropriate fuel source today, as it is cleaner and less expensive than diesel and broadly available. Over time, other fuels are expected to become available to reduce emissions, including hydrogen. Therefore, we have showcased a multistage roadmap that starts with utilizing a CNG/RNG generator and evolves into offering fuel-agnostic and hydrogen-based solutions. The control software driving the Hypertruck system is designed to be adaptable to different fuel and generator types in accordance with customer and regulatory requirements, thereby reducing future capital investment and time to market.

For long-haul trucking, an electric powertrain with a CNG-fueled range extender generator is preferable today to a pure BEV due to both the comparable cost of fuels and existing availability of CNG fueling infrastructure compared to electric battery charging infrastructure. Class 8 semi-trucks can currently be refueled with CNG through an existing, geographically diverse, public and truck-accessible network of natural gas refueling stations established across North America. Globally, RNG, CNG and liquified natural gas (“LNG”) are also widely used for land-based transport and trucking. We believe there is a greater opportunity for more rapid adoption of our electrified powertrain solutions compared to pure electric solutions, because of the extended range available between refueling events and due to the greater availability of refueling infrastructure compared to other electrified solutions.

We plan to begin delivering trucks with the Hypertruck ERX system to customers in late 2023 and our first application will be deployed on a Class 8 Peterbilt 579 sleeper semi-truck utilizing a 12-liter generator. The Cummins 12-liter California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) certification will expire at the end of 2023. As a result, we have begun work on integrating a Cummins 15-liter generator, expected to be released in 2024, on the next variant of the Hypertruck ERX system, which also includes cost-and-weight-saving design changes. We expect the Hypertruck ERX system with the 15-liter generator to be available in late 2024 or early 2025. We expect that the 12-liter variant of the Hypertruck ERX system will be able to be sold in all states except California in 2024.

We also announced during the second quarter that the next version of the Hypertruck ERX platform will be a day cab model which is expected to be ready for commercialization in 2025. We have received broad customer interest in a day cab variant due to the challenges fleets have experienced with plug-in electric day cab trucks, including cost, limited battery range, and difficulty obtaining vehicle charging infrastructure. We have heard from fleets that the additional weight of the Hypertruck ERX sleeper variant will hinder its ability to operate in heavy-haul applications. Therefore, for the day cab variant, we are exploring ways to reduce battery and tank sizes to remove weight in addition to the weight savings of moving to a day cab.

Additionally, the CARB's recently-enacted Advanced Clean Fleets Regulation (“ACF”) includes earlier mandates as soon as 2027 for converting day cab trucks to cleaner alternatives including the Hypertruck ERX system.

KARNO System

In September 2022 we acquired assets including new hydrogen and fuel-agnostic-capable generator technology from General Electric Company's GE Additive business (“KARNO generator”). The KARNO generator emerged out of GE’s long-running research and development investments in metal additive manufacturing across multiple industries and in areas such as generator thermal and performance design. Initial testing indicates the KARNO generator is expected to comply with emissions standards of CARB and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), even when utilizing conventional fuels. The technology is also expected to achieve a meaningful efficiency improvement over today’s conventional internal combustion engine (“ICE”) generators and could be more efficient than most available fuel cells. We expect these efficiency improvements to in turn enable fuel cost reductions and improved vehicle range while reducing operating costs.

The technology should also provide for significant reductions in maintenance costs, noise and vibration compared to conventional ICE generators due to its unique design and single moving part per generator shaft. The KARNO generator is expected to be capable of operating with over 20 different fuel types including hydrogen, natural gas, propane, ammonia and conventional fossil fuels. The technology uses heat to drive a sealed linear generator to produce electricity. The heat is produced by reacting fuels through a flameless oxidation process. We are currently advancing development of the KARNO generator technology and plan for it to be the primary power source for the Hypertruck KARNO powertrain system (“Hypertruck KARNO system”) which we expect to commercialize in the coming years, with early fleet trials expected in 2026. We are currently completing assembly of an operational Hypertruck KARNO system prototype, which we expect to demonstrate with potential customers in the second half of 2023.

Finally, we are pursuing commercialization of the KARNO generator for stationary power generation applications as well, particularly for electric vehicle charging, conversion of waste and flare gas to electricity, renewables matching and for primary or backup power in buildings, data centers and other applications that could benefit from a low-cost, low-emissions, micro-grid power source. We expect deployments of KARNO generator stationary units in 2024 in initial revenue generating operations. We anticipate that the KARNO generator used in the Hypertruck KARNO system and in stationary applications will be nearly identical.

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Hypertruck Fuel Cell System

In March 2023, we announced a new agreement with Hyzon Motors USA Inc. (“Hyzon”) to develop a fuel cell powered vehicle. This development is part of the third step in our multi-stage product roadmap towards a hydrogen future. The vehicle will use Hyliion’s electric powertrain system and Hyzon’s fuel cell technology as the generator. The powertrain will be integrated into a Peterbilt chassis and may be the predecessor of a future production truck (“Hypertruck Fuel Cell”). Completion of the prototype vehicle is expected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Hybrid System

We currently offer the Hyliion Hybrid (“Hybrid”) system, which is an electrified powertrain system that augments existing Class 8 semi-trucks and aims to improve vehicle performance or reduce fuel usage, depending on application. The Hybrid system can either be installed on a new vehicle prior to entering service or retrofit onto an existing in-service vehicle. This feature gives our customers the flexibility to continue using their preferred vehicle brands and maintain their existing fleet maintenance and operations strategies.

We began selling the Hybrid system in late 2021 and it has been installed on a variety of our customers’ commercial vehicles, utilizing multiple original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) platforms. Our Hybrid system deployments are with innovative fleets in the transportation and logistics sector and include a variety of duty cycles, use cases and geographical regions. A common application is to install the Hybrid system on a compressed natural gas (“CNG”) powered truck with a conventional drivetrain. The Hybrid system aims to improve performance by giving a power boost to the CNG drivetrain when needed, along with regenerative braking and an optional fully electric auxiliary power system. Across these customer installations, and over the entire Hyliion fleet, we have accumulated millions of real-world road miles on Class 8 semi-trucks.

As we continue our journey of developing and delivering electrified Class 8 semi-truck powertrain solutions, we have seen a market shift and greater demand from fleets toward fully-electrified powertrain solutions, such as the Hypertruck ERX, as opposed to hybrid solutions. We are continuing to deliver our Hybrid system at low volumes to fleets that are requesting it, however are directing development and fleet discussions toward the Hypertruck ERX powertrain portfolio.

Key Factors Affecting Operating Results

We believe that our performance and future success depend on several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including but not limited to current economic uncertainties, supply chain disruptions, inflation and rising interest rates as well as those discussed below and referenced in Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

Successful Commercialization of Our Drivetrain Solutions

We began selling our Hybrid system in the fourth quarter of 2021. Our first early development Hypertruck ERX showcase unit was unveiled on August 31, 2021 at the ACT Expo in Long Beach, California and we’ve offered potential customers the opportunity to experience its operation in demonstration events and in real-world applications hauling freight for shippers.

The Hybrid system offers fleets a solution that is easy to install, service and operate. It draws upon the real-world feedback we have received from customers and the millions of miles logged with the system. In addition, we continually assess the potential demand impact for the Hybrid system offering in light of recent changes within the competitive landscape.

In November 2021, we began our Hypertruck ERX roadshow, which consists of numerous technology fleet experiences focused on demonstrating the features and benefits of the electric powertrain firsthand. The roadshow consists of “Ride and Drive” events and in-depth product education of the Hypertruck ERX system's features and benefits, including how it enables fleet decarbonization goals while also reducing total cost of ownership. Our development timeline will continue through 2023 as we place verification trucks into extended fleet trials with potential customers, seek certification of our powertrain from regulators, and as we approach first customer deliveries late in the year.

We have been tracking key development milestones on a roadmap that we first laid out in late 2021. We completed assembly of the first verification vehicles in early 2022 that we subsequently used for design validation, on-road testing, customer Ride and Drive events and fleet trials with customers. We successfully completed summer testing of the Hypertruck ERX system with rigorous operations in high temperature conditions. We also deployed verification vehicles into controlled fleet trials with customers, accompanied by Hyliion engineering personnel, where the trucks are used in standard freight hauling operations with the fleets’ customers. In late 2022 we began subjecting verification vehicles to winter testing where we observed system operation in extremely cold conditions.

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Supply chain constraints in 2022 were widespread in the trucking industry, causing shortages or longer-lead times for key components needed for truck production and delays in our originally anticipated timeline. While such constraints have lessened in recent quarters, we continue to experience unexpected delays receiving critical components needed for assembly of our latest verification vehicle model, including wiring harnesses. As a result, we had fewer verification vehicles available during the second quarter than we anticipated and are requiring additional time to confirm operational reliability. Consequently, we delayed the start of extended customer fleet trials from the second quarter of 2023 to the third quarter.

We have worked with Peterbilt to secure build slots for this calendar year to mitigate the risk of supply chain impacts to our Hypertruck ERX development and production schedule. We also continue to work closely with our extended supply base to ensure the delivery of components needed for the quarters ahead and are diligently seeking alternative sources of supply for components that meet our technical specifications with shorter lead times.

We plan to release the Hypertruck ERX system into commercial production for delivery to customers in late 2023 leveraging a 12-liter natural gas engine as the onboard generator. At the end of the second quarter of 2023, we began assembly of the first production truck by installing our Hypertruck ERX powertrain system into a de-contented chassis from Peterbilt. Prior to delivering production trucks to customers, we plan to complete extended fleet trials with customers and finalize powertrain certifications with CARB, the EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Companies, including Hyliion, in the truck electrification space face a number of challenges as they develop and scale the production of new clean vehicles and as customers employ these vehicles in their fleets. We continue to assess our business model and strategic priorities to ensure we are utilizing capital as effectively as possible. Our initial plan was to quickly ramp up Hypertruck ERX powertrain production and full truck sales. However, after assessing the costs and growth in working capital that we would incur by executing this plan, we have begun to shift to more capital-efficient ways to achieve growth in customer demand over the long-term while consuming less cash in the short-term. Our new goal is to continue the installation of production powertrain systems into trucks that we began late in the second quarter of 2023 while slowing the growth rate of production and sales that we originally anticipated. At the same time, we are investing in powertrain cost and weight reduction enhancements, which customers will demand, and planning a more rapid shift to selling powertrains versus full trucks. Our new strategy was developed in light of market conditions in order to remain conservative with our existing cash and investment balances. We expect to delivery 30 Hypertruck ERX systems by the end of 2023.

We plan to begin by selling the entire vehicle directly to customers but then begin shifting to become a powertrain company and to sell our solutions directly to the OEMs for them to integrate into their production facilities. OEM industry trends indicate that vehicle manufacturers will work to de-content components that their Tier 1 suppliers are providing as they work to vertically integrate. We plan to continually improve and differentiate our product offerings in an effort to offer the OEMs differentiated solutions and reduce the ability to de-content.

In 2024, we plan to complete our fuel agnostic Hypertruck KARNO system integration design, on our journey to a hydrogen-based future. We will also explore other adjacent markets to leverage the KARNO generator technology for cost savings and emissions reductions including stationary power generation. Ultimately, we plan to release a fuel cell powered vehicle that also uses Hyliion’s electric powertrain system.

We anticipate that a substantial portion of our capital resources and efforts in the near future will be focused on the continued development and commercialization of our drivetrain solutions, the development of the KARNO generator, and for working capital purposes as we ramp up production volumes of the Hypertruck ERX system. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements, if any, will depend on many factors, including but not limited to, the pace at which we shift to selling powertrains versus trucks, the scope and results of our research and development efforts, the breadth of product offerings we plan to commercialize, as well as factors that are outside of our control.

Customer Demand

In 2022, we announced our Founders Program, which comprised a group of initial customers that committed to purchase the first 210 Hypertruck ERX units. Delivery of these units was expected to occur between the fourth quarter of 2023 and the end of the first quarter of 2024. Recently, we began revisiting these initial agreements with customers, which are non-binding and subject to finalization of terms, with a goal of restructuring and simplifying the Founders program. Specifically, we are seeking to improve economic terms for Hyliion, including having fleets absorb more of the component cost inflation we’ve experienced over the past year. Sales negotiations are ongoing, with the likely outcome that the first 30 production trucks will be delivered to customers by year end.

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We also believe that the successful completion of testing, validation, and certification work that is ongoing will be an inflection point for orders as some customers are waiting for final development and powertrain certification before placing orders. As these milestones are achieved, we expect to continue to grow our order backlog for additional truck deliveries in 2024 and beyond. We will assess our production plans for 2024 as we receive feedback from fleet trials and initial deliveries. We continue to target leaders in the trucking industry with aggressive sustainability initiatives for inclusion in our early adopter programs.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was signed into law in August 2022, under which the Hypertruck ERX system will qualify fleets to receive a 30% tax credit up to $40,000 per vehicle adopted. We expect this incentive to drive further interest in and demand for the Hypertruck ERX system.

We began selling the Hybrid system in the fourth quarter of 2021 and generated $2.1 million in revenue in 2022 from selling Hybrid systems, where our powertrain technology is retrofitted onto existing trucks, and full trucks with the Hybrid system pre-installed. We recorded $576 thousand in Hybrid sales in the six months ended June 30, 2023, which included a full truck with a Hybrid system installed and other Hybrid systems.

Key Components of Statements of Operations

Revenue

We currently generate revenues from sales of Hybrid systems for Class 8 semi-trucks and limited quantities of Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with the Hybrid system.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes all direct costs such as labor and materials, overhead costs, warranty costs and any write-down of inventory to net realizable value.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the discovery and development of our electrified powertrain solutions, which include:

•personnel-related expenses including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation, for personnel performing research and development activities;

•fees paid to third parties such as contractors for outsourced engineering services and to consultants;

•expenses related to truck components for development and test vehicles, materials, supplies and other third-party services;

•depreciation for equipment used in research and development activities;

•acquired in-process research and development from asset acquisition; and

•allocation of general overhead costs.

We expect to continue to invest in research and development activities to achieve operational and commercial goals and as we develop new platforms that incorporate our Hypertruck ERX system.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses for our corporate, executive, finance, sales, marketing and other administrative functions, expenses for outside professional services, including legal, audit and accounting services, as well as expenses for facilities, depreciation, amortization, travel, sales and marketing costs. Personnel-related expenses consist of salaries, benefits and share-based compensation. Factors that also affect selling, general and administrative expense include the total number of employees, costs incurred as a result of operating as a public company, including compliance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, legal, audit, insurance, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income currently consists primarily of interest income earned on our investments. As a result of our acquisition of the KARNO generator technology, we plan to assume a government contract with the United States Office of Naval Research that is not expected to have a material impact on our business.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 to Three Months Ended June 30, 2022

Our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 (the “current quarter”) and 2022 on a consolidated basis are summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Revenues
Product sales and other	$	266	$	172	$	94	54.7	%
Total revenues	266		172		94		54.7	%
Cost of revenues
Product sales and other	307		2,145		(1,838)		(85.7)	%
Total cost of revenues	307		2,145		(1,838)		(85.7)	%
Gross loss	(41)		(1,973)		1,932		(97.9)	%
Operating expenses
Research and development	27,439		20,057		7,382		36.8	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	11,098		12,167		(1,069)		(8.8)	%
Total operating expenses	38,537		32,224		6,313		19.6	%
Loss from operations	(38,578)		(34,197)		(4,381)		12.8	%

Interest income	3,349		855		2,494		291.7	%
Loss on disposal of assets	(1)		(133)		132		(99.2)	%
Other income, net	3		—		3		N/A
Net loss	$	(35,227)	$	(33,475)	$	(1,752)	5.2	%

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.19)	$	(0.19)	$	—	—	%

Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	180,966,908		173,897,517		7,069		4.1	%

Revenue

Sales associated with our Hybrid products increased $0.1 million. While we continue to expect additional Hybrid system sales for the remainder of 2023, we anticipate reduced sales of the Hybrid product following the start of Hypertruck ERX system deliveries late in 2023.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues associated with our Hybrid products decreased $1.8 million. We expect a difference in timing between recognition of revenues and cost of revenues due to write-down of inventory to net realizable value in periods generally when the components are received, which may not coincide with the period in which sales of systems with those components installed are realized. The decrease in cost of revenues includes:

•A decrease in inventory write-downs of $2.0 million attributable to inventory on hand that had a cost higher than its expected net realizable value as we purchased less inventory in the current quarter; partially offset by

•An increase in costs associated with sales of Hybrid systems of $0.1 million.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased $7.4 million due to:

•An increase of $3.7 million for the design and testing of our Hypertruck KARNO system which was acquired in September 2022; and

•An increase of $3.7 million for the design and testing of our Hypertruck ERX system variants, excluding Hypertruck KARNO system, including an increase of production truck components which were expensed to Research and Development as they were received before the beginning of Hypertruck ERX system commercialization and a decrease

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in expenses related to validation vehicle components, services and personnel as we approach commercialization of the Hypertruck ERX powertrain system.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased $1.1 million primarily due to:

•A decrease of $1.1 million in professional services; and

•A decrease of $0.7 million for insurance costs; partially offset by

•An increase of $0.6 million in personnel and benefits due to workforce growth over the past year and inflation; and

•An increase of $0.3 million in marketing and advertising as we exhibited our Hypertruck KARNO system.

Other Income (Expense)

Total other income increased $2.6 million primarily due to an increase in interest income on investments.

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 to Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

The following table summarizes our results of operations on a consolidated basis for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (the “current six months”) and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Revenues
Product sales and other	$	576	$	512	$	64	N/A
Total revenues	576		512		64		N/A
Cost of revenues
Product sales and other	998		4,244		(3,246)		N/A
Total cost of revenues	998		4,244		(3,246)		N/A
Gross loss	(422)		(3,732)		3,310		N/A
Operating expenses
Research and development	48,357		35,865		12,492		34.8	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	22,079		21,991		88		0.4	%
Total operating expenses	70,436		57,856		12,580		21.7	%
Loss from operations	(70,858)		(61,588)		(9,270)		15.1	%

Interest income	6,811		1,140		5,671		497.5	%
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets	1		(135)		136		N/A
Other expense, net	(12)		—		(12)		N/A
Net loss	$	(64,058)	$	(60,583)	$	(3,475)	5.7	%

Net loss per

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Hyliion Holdings Corp.