itw-20250331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the quarterly period ended	March 31, 2025

	OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 1-4797

ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

36-1258310

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

155 Harlem Avenue

Glenview

60025

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 847-724-7500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock	ITW	New York Stock Exchange
0.625% Euro Notes due 2027	ITW27	New York Stock Exchange
3.250% Euro Notes due 2028	ITW28	New York Stock Exchange
2.125% Euro Notes due 2030	ITW30	New York Stock Exchange
1.00% Euro Notes due 2031	ITW31	New York Stock Exchange
3.375% Euro Notes due 2032	ITW32	New York Stock Exchange
3.00% Euro Notes due 2034	ITW34	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding at March 31, 2025: 293.0 million


	Table of Contents

	PART I - Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33

	PART II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	35

Signatures		36

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Income (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions except per share amounts	2025		2024
Operating Revenue	$	3,839	$	3,973
Cost of revenue	2,161		2,145
Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses	706		676
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	21		25
Operating Income	951		1,127
Interest expense	(68)		(71)
Other income (expense)	12		16
Income Before Taxes	895		1,072
Income Taxes	195		253
Net Income	$	700	$	819

Net Income Per Share:
Basic	$	2.39	$	2.74
Diluted	$	2.38	$	2.73

Shares of Common Stock Outstanding During the Period:
Average	293.6		298.9
Average assuming dilution	294.5		300.0

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions	2025		2024
Net Income	$	700	$	819

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	—		(51)
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	(1)		1
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1)		(50)

Comprehensive Income	$	699	$	769

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Financial Position (Unaudited)


In millions except per share amounts	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	873	$	948
Trade receivables	3,153		2,991
Inventories	1,663		1,605
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	348		312
Total current assets	6,037		5,856

Net plant and equipment	2,085		2,036
Goodwill	4,903		4,839
Intangible assets	572		592
Deferred income taxes	440		369
Other assets	1,431		1,375
	$	15,468	$	15,067

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	981	$	1,555
Accounts payable	594		519
Accrued expenses	1,477		1,576
Cash dividends payable	439		441
Income taxes payable	289		217
Total current liabilities	3,780		4,308

Noncurrent Liabilities:
Long-term debt	7,282		6,308
Deferred income taxes	127		119
Other liabilities	1,037		1,015
Total noncurrent liabilities	8,446		7,442

Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock (Authorized- 700.0 shares; par value of $0.01 per share):
Issued- 550.0 shares in 2025 and 2024 Outstanding- 293.0 shares in 2025 and 294.0 shares in 2024	6		6
Additional paid-in-capital	1,705		1,669
Retained earnings	29,154		28,893
Common stock held in treasury	(25,746)		(25,375)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,878)		(1,877)
Noncontrolling interest	1		1
Total stockholders' equity	3,242		3,317
	$	15,468	$	15,067

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


In millions except per share amounts	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Common Stock Held in Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-controlling Interest		Total

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	6	$	1,669	$	28,893	$	(25,375)	$	(1,877)	$	1	$	3,317
Net income	—		—		700		—		—		—		700
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		20		—		7		—		—		27
Stock-based compensation expense	—		16		—		—		—		—		16
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(3)		—		—		(3)
Dividends declared ($1.50 per share)	—		—		(439)		—		—		—		(439)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(1)		—		(1)

Balance at March 31, 2025	$	6	$	1,705	$	29,154	$	(25,746)	$	(1,878)	$	1	$	3,242

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	6	$	1,588	$	27,122	$	(23,870)	$	(1,834)	$	1	$	3,013
Net income	—		—		819		—		—		—		819
Common stock issued for stock-based compensation	—		15		—		4		—		—		19
Stock-based compensation expense	—		15		—		—		—		—		15
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(375)		—		—		(375)
Excise tax on repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(2)		—		—		(2)
Dividends declared ($1.40 per share)	—		—		(418)		—		—		—		(418)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		(50)		—		(50)

Balance at March 31, 2024	$	6	$	1,618	$	27,523	$	(24,243)	$	(1,884)	$	1	$	3,021

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions	2025		2024
Cash Provided by (Used for) Operating Activities:
Net income	$	700	$	819
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	74		72
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets	21		25
Change in deferred income taxes	(17)		44
Net provision for (recoveries of) uncollectible accounts	2		(3)
(Income) loss from investments	1		3



Stock-based compensation expense	16		15
Cumulative effect of change in inventory accounting method	—		(117)
Other non-cash items, net	3		6
Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
(Increase) decrease in-
Trade receivables	(120)		(139)
Inventories	(37)		(12)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(65)		(38)
Increase (decrease) in-
Accounts payable	64		22
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(123)		(166)
Income taxes	72		57
Other, net	1		1
Net cash provided by operating activities	592		589
Cash Provided by (Used for) Investing Activities:
Acquisition of businesses (excluding cash and equivalents)	2		(57)
Additions to plant and equipment	(96)		(95)
Proceeds from investments	—		6
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment	3		2


Other, net	(1)		(8)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(92)		(152)
Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities:
Cash dividends paid	(441)		(419)
Issuance of common stock	44		41
Repurchases of common stock	(375)		(375)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt with original maturities of three months or less	202		952

Repayments of debt with original maturities of more than three months	—		(700)
Other, net	(18)		(23)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(588)		(524)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Equivalents	13		(19)
Cash and Equivalents:
Increase (decrease) during the period	(75)		(106)
Beginning of period	948		1,065
End of period	$	873	$	959
Supplementary Cash Flow Information:
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest	$	53	$	76
Cash Paid During the Period for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds	$	139	$	152

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(1) Significant Accounting Policies

Financial Statements— The unaudited financial statements included herein have been prepared by Illinois Tool Works Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company"). In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. It is suggested that these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to financial statements included in the Company's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform with current year reporting.

Inventories— Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and include material, labor and factory overhead. As of December 31, 2023, the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method was used to determine the cost of inventories at certain U.S. businesses representing approximately 23% of total inventories, and the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, which approximates current cost, was used for all other inventories.

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company changed the method used to determine the cost of inventory at certain U.S. businesses from LIFO to the FIFO method, as the Company believes the FIFO method is preferable because it provides a more consistent method for valuing inventory across the Company’s operations, improves comparability with peers, and better reflects the current value of inventories at the balance sheet date.

The LIFO provision for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $6 million of expense and was not material to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Therefore, the Company recorded the pre-tax cumulative effect of this change in accounting method of $117 million as a reduction of Cost of revenue in the first quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 6. Inventories for additional information regarding the Company’s inventory balances.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments. The more significant provisions of this new guidance include the requirement to disclose significant segment expenses and certain disclosures made annually under existing guidance are required for interim periods. The Company adopted this new guidance beginning with its annual reporting for the year ended December 31, 2024 and applied the new disclosure requirements retrospectively to all periods presented. The new guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows for any period. Refer to Note 10. Segment Information for additional information.

In December 2023, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. The new guidance will require consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information presented in the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2025 and is required to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application to prior periods allowed. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements related to certain costs and expenses recorded in the income statement. The primary provisions of this new guidance require companies to provide additional footnote disclosures disaggregating income statement line items that include purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. The guidance will be effective for the Company beginning with its annual reporting for the year ending December 31, 2027 and is required to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application to prior periods allowed. The Company is currently assessing the impact the guidance will have on its disclosures.

(2) Acquisitions

On January 2, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $57 million, net of cash acquired. On April 1, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of one business in the Test & Measurement and Electronics segment for $59 million, net of cash acquired. The Company has completed the allocation of purchase price for both of these acquisitions. These acquisitions were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

(3) Operating Revenue

The Company's 86 diversified operating divisions are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. Operating revenue by product category, which is consistent with the Company's segment presentation, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions	2025		2024
Automotive OEM	$	786	$	816
Food Equipment	627		631
Test & Measurement and Electronics	652		696
Welding	472		476
Polymers & Fluids	429		432
Construction Products	443		488
Specialty Products	435		440
Total segments	3,844		3,979
Intersegment revenue	(5)		(6)
Total operating revenue	$	3,839	$	3,973

The following is a description of the product offerings, end markets and typical revenue transactions for each of the Company's seven segments:

Automotive OEM— This segment is a global, niche supplier to top tier OEMs, providing unique innovation to address pain points for sophisticated customers with complex problems. Businesses in this segment produce components and fasteners for automotive-related applications. This segment primarily serves the automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers market. Products in this segment include:

•plastic and metal components, fasteners and assemblies for automobiles, light trucks and other industrial uses.

Products sold in this segment are primarily manufactured to the customer's specifications and are sold under long-term supply agreements with OEM auto manufacturers and other top tier auto parts suppliers. The Company typically recognizes revenue for products in this segment at the time of shipment. Certain products may be produced utilizing tooling that is owned by the customer that the Company developed and is reimbursed by the customer for the associated cost. In these arrangements, the Company typically retains a contractual right to use the customer-owned tooling for the purpose of fulfilling its obligations under the supply agreement. The Company records reimbursements for the cost of customer-owned tooling as a cost offset rather than operating revenue as tooling is not considered a product offering central to the Company's operations.

Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings. This segment primarily serves the food service, food retail and food institutional/restaurant markets. Products in this segment include:

•warewashing equipment;

•cooking equipment, including ovens, ranges and broilers;

•refrigeration equipment, including refrigerators, freezers and prep tables;

•food processing equipment, including slicers, mixers and scales;

•kitchen exhaust, ventilation and pollution control systems; and

•food equipment service, maintenance and repair.

Revenue for equipment sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, the Company may recognize revenue upon completion of installation and acceptance by the customer. Annual service contracts are typically sold separate from equipment and the related

revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the annual service period. Operating revenue for on-demand service repairs and parts is recorded upon completion and customer acceptance of the work performed.

Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and maintenance, repair, and operations, or "MRO" solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics. This segment primarily serves the electronics, general industrial, automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers, energy, industrial capital goods and consumer durables markets. Products in this segment include:

•equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials, structures, gases and fluids;

•electronic assembly equipment;

•electronic components and component packaging;

•static control equipment and consumables used for contamination control in clean room environments; and

•pressure sensitive adhesives and components for electronics, medical, transportation and telecommunications applications.

Revenue for products sold in this segment is typically recognized at the time of shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been completed. In other limited arrangements involving the sale of highly specialized systems that include a high degree of customization and installation at the customer site, revenue is recognized over time if the product does not have an alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work performed to date. Revenue for transactions meeting these criteria is recognized over time as work is performed based on the costs incurred to date relative to the total estimated costs at completion.

Welding— This segment is a branded value-added equipment and specialty consumable manufacturer with innovative and leading technology. Businesses in this segment produce arc welding equipment, consumables and accessories for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. This segment primarily serves the general industrial market, which includes fabrication, shipbuilding and other general industrial markets, and construction, energy, MRO, industrial capital goods and automotive original equipment manufacturers and tiers markets. Products in this segment include:

•arc welding equipment; and

•metal arc welding consumables and related accessories.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Polymers & Fluids— This segment is a branded supplier to niche markets that require value-added, differentiated products. Businesses in this segment produce engineered adhesives, sealants, lubrication and cutting fluids, and fluids and polymers for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance. This segment primarily serves the automotive aftermarket, general industrial and MRO markets. Products in this segment include:

•adhesives for industrial, construction and consumer purposes;

•chemical fluids which clean or add lubrication to machines;

•epoxy and resin-based coating products for industrial applications;

•hand wipes and cleaners for industrial applications;

•fluids, polymers and other supplies for auto aftermarket maintenance and appearance;

•fillers and putties for auto body repair; and

•polyester coatings and patch and repair products for the marine industry.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions. This segment primarily serves the residential construction, renovation/remodel and commercial construction markets. Products in this segment include:

•fasteners and related fastening tools for wood and metal applications;

•anchors, fasteners and related tools for concrete applications;

•metal plate truss components and related equipment and software; and

•packaged hardware, fasteners, anchors and other products for retail.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment.

Specialty Products— This segment is focused on diversified niche market opportunities with substantial patent protection producing beverage packaging equipment and consumables, product coding and marking equipment and consumables, and appliance components and fasteners. This segment primarily serves the food and beverage, consumer durables, general industrial, airlines, industrial capital goods and printing and publishing markets. Products in this segment include:

•conveyor systems and line automation for the food and beverage industries;

•plastic consumables that multi-pack cans and bottles and related equipment;

•foil, film and related equipment used to decorate consumer products;

•product coding and marking equipment and related consumables;

•plastic and metal closures and components for appliances;

•airport ground support equipment; and

•components for medical devices.

Products in this segment are primarily manufactured to meet anticipated customer demand. The Company typically recognizes revenue for these products at the time of product shipment. In limited circumstances where significant obligations to the customer are unfulfilled at the time of shipment, typically involving installation of equipment and customer acceptance, revenue is recognized when such obligations have been completed.

(4) Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 21.7% and 23.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included a discrete tax benefit of $21 million related to the reversal of a valuation allowance on net operating loss carryforwards. The effective tax rates also included discrete tax benefits related to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $4 million and $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. These tax returns are routinely audited by the tax authorities in these jurisdictions, including the Internal Revenue Service, His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, German Fiscal Authority, French Fiscal Authority, and Australian Tax Office, and a number of these audits are currently ongoing, which may increase the amount of the unrecognized tax benefits in future periods. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that within the next twelve months the amount of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits may be decreased by approximately $12 million related predominantly to the potential resolution of federal, state and foreign examinations. The Company has recorded its best estimate of the potential exposure for these issues.

(5) Net Income Per Share

Net income per basic share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares assuming dilution for stock options and restricted stock units. Dilutive shares reflect the potential additional shares that would be outstanding if the dilutive stock options outstanding were exercised and the unvested restricted stock units vested during the period. The computation of net income per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions except per share amounts	2025		2024
Net Income	$	700	$	819
Net income per share—Basic:
Weighted-average common shares	293.6		298.9
Net income per share—Basic	$	2.39	$	2.74
Net income per share—Diluted:
Weighted-average common shares	293.6		298.9
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock units	0.9		1.1
Weighted-average common shares assuming dilution	294.5		300.0
Net income per share—Diluted	$	2.38	$	2.73

Options that were considered antidilutive were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share. There were 0.2 million antidilutive options outstanding for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

(6) Inventories

Inventories as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


In millions	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Raw material	$	626	$	635
Work-in-process	203		193
Finished goods	834		777
Total inventories	$	1,663	$	1,605

(7) Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	Pension				Other Postretirement Benefits
In millions	2025		2024		2025		2024
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	8	$	9	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	23		23		6		6
Expected return on plan assets	(32)		(33)		(7)		(5)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)	1		2		(2)		(1)


Total net periodic benefit cost (income)	$	—	$	1	$	(2)	$	1

The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within Cost of revenue and Selling, administrative, and research and development expenses in the Statement of Income while the other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented within Other income (expense).

The Company expects to contribute approximately $22 million to its pension plans and $31 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in 2025. As of March 31, 2025, contributions of $11 million to pension plans and $10 million to other postretirement benefit plans have been made.

(8) Debt

Total debt as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows:


In millions	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Short-term debt	$	981	$	1,555
Long-term debt	7,282		6,308
Total debt	$	8,263	$	7,863

Short-term debt included commercial paper of $981 million and $778 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on commercial paper as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 4.37% and 4.56%, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, Short-term debt also included $777 million related to the Euro-denominated credit agreement entered into on May 5, 2023 (the "Euro Credit Agreement"). On February 24, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to the Euro Credit Agreement to extend the termination date from April 30, 2025 to February 28, 2027, with an option to further extend the termination date to September 15, 2027. The amendment also decreased the interest rate spread applicable to the loans from 0.75% to 0.70% and removed the option for a one-month interest period. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $811 million outstanding under the Euro Credit Agreement with an interest rate of 3.20%, which was included in Long-term debt.

The Company also has a $3.0 billion revolving credit facility with a termination date of October 21, 2027, which is available to provide additional liquidity, including to support the potential issuances of commercial paper. No amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The approximate fair value and related carrying value of the Company's total long-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt presented as short-term debt, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


In millions	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Fair value	$	6,991	$	6,806
Carrying value	7,282		7,085

The approximate fair values of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, were based on a valuation model using Level 2 observable inputs which included market rates for comparable instruments for the respective periods.

(9) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions	2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	(1,877)	$	(1,834)

Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period	(47)		(28)

Income taxes	47		(23)
Total foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	—		(51)


Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income	(1)		1
Income taxes	—		—
Total pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax	(1)		1

Ending balance	$	(1,878)	$	(1,884)

Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments reclassified to income related primarily to the amortization of actuarial gains and losses. Refer to Note 7. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits for additional information.

The outstanding balances of the Euro notes issued in May 2014, May 2015, June 2019 and May 2024, and the term loan under the Euro Credit Agreement are designated as hedges of a portion of the Company’s net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations to reduce foreign currency risk associated with the investment in these operations. Changes in the value of this debt resulting from fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. Dollar exchange rate have been recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amount of pre-tax gain (loss) related to this debt recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) was a loss of $196 million and a gain of $97 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The carrying value of the outstanding balance of Euro-denominated debt that was designated as a net investment hedge as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion, respectively. Refer to Note 8. Debt for additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding Euro debt.

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the ending balance of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of after-tax cumulative translation adjustment losses of $1.6 billion in both periods, and after-tax unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit costs of $267 million and $326 million, respectively.

(10) Segment Information

The Company's operations are organized and managed based on similar product offerings and end markets, and are reported to senior management as the following seven segments: Automotive OEM; Food Equipment; Test & Measurement and Electronics; Welding; Polymers & Fluids; Construction Products; and Specialty Products. The following is a description of the Company's seven segments:

Food Equipment— This segment is a highly focused and branded industry leader in commercial food equipment differentiated by innovation and integrated service offerings.

Test & Measurement and Electronics— This segment is a branded and innovative producer of test and measurement and electronic manufacturing and MRO solutions that improve efficiency and quality for customers in diverse end markets. Businesses in this segment produce equipment, consumables, and related software for testing and measuring of materials and structures, as well as equipment and consumables used in the production of electronic subassemblies and microelectronics.

Construction Products— This segment is a branded supplier of innovative engineered fastening systems and solutions.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the President & Chief Executive Officer. The CODM primarily uses operating income and related operating margins in assessing the current and expected long-term performance of the Company’s segments, including the application of the Company’s enterprise strategies which focus on profitable growth and continuous improvement to margins and returns through the application of the Company’s business model. Operating income and margins are also used by the CODM when evaluating segment investments in capital projects and restructuring initiatives. The CODM regularly reviews summarized financial information related to segment operating revenue, variable margins, overhead expenses, operating income and operating margins as compared to forecasted results.

Intersegment sales transactions are accounted for at prices consistent with sales to third parties and are not considered material. Segments are allocated a fixed overhead charge for general corporate administrative expenses based on a percentage of the segment's operating revenue. Expenses not allocated to the segments are reported separately as Unallocated. Because the Unallocated category includes a variety of items, it is subject to fluctuations on a quarterly and annual basis.

Segment operating revenue, significant expenses and operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
In millions	2025		2024
Operating revenue:
Automotive OEM	$	786	$	816
Food Equipment	627		631
Test & Measurement and Electronics	652		696
Welding	472		476
Polymers & Fluids	429		432
Construction Products	443		488
Specialty Products	435		440
Total segments	3,844		3,979
Intersegment revenue	(5)		(6)
Operating Revenue	$	3,839	$	3,973
Variable cost of revenue:
Automotive OEM	$	435	$	457
Food Equipment	284		293
Test & Measurement and Electronics	282		305
Welding	214		216
Polymers & Fluids	205		207
Construction Products	200		229
Specialty Products	201		210
Total segments	$	1,821	$	1,917
Overhead expenses:
Automotive OEM	$	200	$	197
Food Equipment	177		174
Test & Measurement and Electronics	231		228
Welding	105		104
Polymers & Fluids	110		114
Construction Products	113		116
Specialty Products	99		100
Total segments	$

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Illinois Tool Works Inc.