UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-32288

NEPHROS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

delaware		13-3971809
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

380 Lackawanna Place South Orange, NJ		07079
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(201) 343-5202

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading symbol		Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share		NEPH		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ YES ☒ NO

As of May 6, 2024, 10,544,139 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited).	3
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS – March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS – Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	16
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	22
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.	22
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	23
Item 1A. Risk Factors	23
Item 5. Exhibits	23
SIGNATURES	24

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,633		$	4,307
Accounts receivable, net		1,518			1,496
Inventory		2,779			2,470
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		200			132
Total current assets		8,130			8,405
Property and equipment, net		142			152
Lease right-of-use assets		1,680			1,807
Intangible assets, net		373			381
Goodwill		759			759
License and supply agreement, net		257			271
Other assets		75			86
TOTAL ASSETS	$	11,416		$	11,861
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		1,114			873
Accrued expenses		413			794
Current portion of lease liabilities		402			446
Total current liabilities		1,929			2,113
Lease liabilities, net of current portion		1,307			1,390
TOTAL LIABILITIES		3,236			3,503

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 13)		-			-

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023		-			-
Common stock, $.001 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 10,544,139 and 10,543,675 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		10			10
Additional paid-in capital		152,745			152,754
Accumulated deficit		(144,575	)		(144,406	)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		8,180			8,358
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	11,416		$	11,861

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Net revenue:
Product revenues	$	3,506		$	3,662
Royalty and other revenues		16			35
Total net revenues		3,522			3,697
Cost of goods sold		1,335			1,586
Gross margin		2,187			2,111
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		2,142			2,124
Research and development		212			239
Depreciation and amortization		33			54
Total operating expenses		2,387			2,417
Operating loss		(200	)		(306	)
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense		(1	)		(1	)
Interest income		25			12
Other (expense) income, net		7			(11	)
Total other income:		31			-
Net loss		(169	)		(306	)

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.03	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		10,501,771			10,297,429

Comprehensive loss	$	(169	)	$	(306	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income		Deficit			Subtotal			Interest		Equity
	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Accumulated						Noncontrolling		Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income		Deficit			Subtotal			Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2023		10,501,508	$	10	$	152,754		$	-	$	(144,406	)	$	8,358		$	-	$	8,358
Net loss		-		-		-			-		(169	)		(169	)		-		(169	)
Stock option exercises		464		-		-			-		-			-			-		-
Stock-based compensation		-		-		(9	)		-		-			(9	)		-		(9	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		10,501,972	$	10	$	152,745		$	-	$	(144,575	)	$	8,180		$	-	$	8,180

	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Accumulated						Noncontrolling			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income		Deficit			Subtotal			Interest			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022		10,297,429	$	10	$	148,413	$	-	$	(142,831	)	$	5,592		$	3,289		$	8,881
Net loss		-		-		-		-		(306	)		(306	)		-			(306	)
Change in non-controlling interest		-		-		3,262		-		-			3,262			(3,262	)		-
Stock-based compensation		-		-		346		-		-			346			(27	)		319
Balance, March 31, 2023		10,297,429	$	10	$	152,021	$	-	$	(143,137	)	$	8,894		$	-		$	8,894

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(169	)	$	(306	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment		11			10
Amortization of intangible assets, license and supply agreement and finance lease right-of-use asset		23			44
Stock-based compensation		(9	)		319
Inventory impairments and writeoffs		73			91
Change in right of use asset		125			87
Gain on foreign currency transactions		(3	)		-
Decrease (increase) in operating assets:
Accounts receivable		(22	)		(677	)
Inventory		(382	)		714
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(69	)		10
Other assets		11			(6	)
(Decrease) increase in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable		244			(21	)
Accrued expenses		(380	)		98
Lease liabilities		(125	)		(87	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(672	)		276

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
		-			-
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal payments on finance lease liability		(2	)		(2	)
Principal payments on equipment financing		-			(1	)
Payments on secured note payable		-			(71	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(2	)		(74	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(674	)		202
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		4,307			3,634
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	3,633		$	3,836
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest expense	$	1		$	1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Operations

Nephros, Inc. (“Nephros” or the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on April 3, 1997. The Company was founded by health professionals, scientists and engineers affiliated with Columbia University to develop advanced end stage renal disease (“ESRD”) therapy technology and products.

Beginning in 2009, Nephros introduced high performance liquid purification filters to meet the demand for water purification in certain medical markets. The Company’s filters, generally classified as ultrafilters, are primarily used in hospitals for the prevention of infection from waterborne pathogens, such as legionella and pseudomonas, and in dialysis centers for the removal of biological contaminants from water and bicarbonate concentrate. The Company also develops and sells water filtration products for commercial applications, focusing on the hospitality and food service markets. The water filtration business is a reportable segment, referred to as the Water Filtration segment.

In July 2018, the Company formed a subsidiary, Specialty Renal Products, Inc. (“SRP”), to drive the development of its second-generation hemodiafiltration system and other products focused on improving therapies for patients with renal disease. After SRP’s formation, the Company assigned to SRP all of the Company’s rights to three patents relating to the Company’s hemodiafiltration technology, which were carried at zero book value. On March 9, 2023, the SRP Stockholders approved a plan of dissolution to wind down SRP’s operations, liquidate SRP’s remaining assets and dissolve SRP, and SRP filed a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware on April 13, 2023. As a result of the SRP Stockholders’ approval of the plan of dissolution and provisions therein and after satisfying all of SRP’s liabilities, there are no assets available for distribution to the holders of any of SRP’s capital stock, including its Series A Preferred Stock. As such, the value recorded to non-controlling interest was written to zero and the impact reclassified to the Company’s additional paid-in capital as the Company retained control of SRP.

The Company’s primary U.S. facility is located at 380 Lackawanna Place, South Orange, New Jersey 07079. This location along with our Whippany, NJ facility, houses the Company’s corporate headquarters, research, manufacturing, and distribution facilities.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Results as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The consolidated interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in only one business segment from which the Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the financial performance of the Company.

Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Nephros, Inc. and its subsidiary, SRP, which was dissolved pursuant to a plan of dissolution adopted by its stockholders on March 9, 2023 and the subsequent filing of a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware on April 13, 2023. All intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses, during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Included in these estimates are assumptions about the collection of accounts receivable, value of inventories, useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets, the assessment of expected cash flows used in evaluating goodwill and other long-lived assets, the assessment of the ability to continue as a going concern and assumptions used in determining stock compensation such as expected volatility and risk-free interest rate.

Liquidity

In connection with SRP’s plan of dissolution and pursuant to an agreement between the Company and SRP entered into on May 24, 2023, SRP assigned substantially all of its remaining assets to the Company in satisfaction of the entire loan balance. See “Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity – Noncontrolling Interest” Accordingly, as of March 31, 2024, there was no outstanding balance of this loan.

The Company has sustained operating losses every quarter through March 31, 2024, generating an accumulated deficit of $144.6 million as of March 31, 2024. However, in 2023, the Company’s operating cash flow was positive due to increased sales, improved gross margins, careful expense management, a reduction in inventory, and the dispositions of the Pathogen Detection Systems and SRP businesses. These actions resulted in the Company generating cash from operations of approximately $0.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Conversely, net cash from operations was negative for the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to an operating loss, payment of prior year annual bonuses, and an increase in inventory. The Company continues to focus on growth in sales and managing tight expenses in order to turn cash flow positive from operations. The investment in inventory in the first quarter of 2024 is preparing for higher volumes in the future. The Company believes that the tight focus on operations and its current cash balances are sufficient to fund its current operating plan through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. However, in the event that the Company’s operating results do not meet its expectations, the Company may need to further reduce discretionary expenditures such as headcount, R&D projects, and other variable costs.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Effective

In March, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “ASC 718-Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards,” which provides guidance to assist entities in determining whether profits interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. The guidance is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2025, including interim periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The guidance is effective for the Company’s annual reporting period ending December 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company deposits its cash in financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any impairment losses on its cash. The Company also limits its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations when deemed necessary.

Major Customers

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s revenues, respectively:

Customer	2024			2023
A		31	%		20	%
B		7	%		10	%
C		2	%		19	%
Total		40	%		49	%

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively:

Customer	2024			2023
A		24	%		12	%
B		10	%		6	%
Total		34	%		18	%

Accounts Receivable

The Company recognizes an allowance that reflects a current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of a financial asset, including trade receivables. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering a number of factors, including the length of time balances are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligations to the Company and the expected condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are determined to be uncollectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $11,000 as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Depreciation Expense

Depreciation related to equipment utilized in the manufacturing process is recognized in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, depreciation expense was approximately $1,000.

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue related to product sales when product is shipped via external logistics providers and the other criteria of ASC 606 are met. Product revenue is recorded net of returns and allowances. There was no allowance for sales returns for the three months ended March 31, 2024, or 2023. In addition to product revenue, the Company recognizes revenue related to sales of services to customers, royalties, and other agreements in accordance with the five-step model in ASC 606. Other revenues recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023 were approximately $16,000 and $35,000, respectively.

Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain financial instruments and other items at fair value.

To determine the fair value, the Company uses the fair value hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use to value an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs based on assumptions about the factors market participants would use to value an asset or liability.

To measure fair value, the Company uses the following fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques and also includes instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level of classification for each reporting period.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash equivalents consisted of money market funds. The Company values its cash equivalents using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics and classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value measurements of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
March 31, 2024
Cash	$	1,076	$		$
Money market funds		2,557
		-
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,633	$	-	$	-

December 31, 2023
Cash	$	274	$		$
Money market funds		2,515
Certificate of deposit		1,518
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,307	$	-	$	-

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The carrying amounts of the secured long-term note payable, lease liabilities and equipment financing approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 because those financial instruments bear interest at rates that approximate current market rates for similar agreements with similar maturities and credit.

Note 5 – Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method and consists of raw materials and finished goods. The Company’s inventory components as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows:

Schedule of Inventory, Net

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Finished goods	$	2,390	$	2,144
Raw materials		389		326
Total inventory	$	2,779	$	2,470

Note 6 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 are set forth in the table below. Gross carrying values and accumulated amortization of the Company’s intangible assets by type are as follows:

Schedule of Intangible Assets

	March 31, 2024							December 31, 2023
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships		540		(167	)		373		540		(159	)		381
Total intangible assets	$	540	$	(167	)	$	373	$	540	$	(159	)	$	381

The Company recognized amortization expense of approximately $8,000 and $11,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. All were recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of March 31, 2024, future amortization expense for each of the next five years is (in thousands):

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

Fiscal Years
2024 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2024)			24
2025			32
2026			32
2027			32
2028			32
2029			32

Goodwill

Goodwill had a carrying value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets of $0.8 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 7 – License and Supply Agreement, net

On April 23, 2012, the Company entered into a License and Supply Agreement (as thereafter amended, the “License and Supply Agreement”) with Medica S.p.A. (“Medica”), an Italy-based medical product manufacturing company, for the marketing and sale of certain filtration products based upon Medica’s proprietary Medisulfone ultrafiltration technology in conjunction with the Company’s filtration products, and for an exclusive supply arrangement for the filtration products. Under the License and Supply Agreement, Medica granted to the Company an exclusive license, with right of sublicense, to market, promote, distribute, offer for sale and sell the filtration products worldwide, with certain limitations on territory, during the term of the License and Supply Agreement. In addition, the Company granted to Medica an exclusive license under the Company’s intellectual property to make the filtration products during the term of the License and Supply Agreement. The filtration products covered under the License and Supply Agreement includes both certain products based on Medica’s proprietary Versatile microfiber technology and certain filtration products based on Medica’s proprietary Medisulfone ultrafiltration technology. In December 2023, the Company signed a new agreement with Medica which extends the term until December 31, 2028, unless earlier terminated by either party in accordance with the terms of the License and Supply Agreement.

In exchange for the license, the gross value of the intangible asset capitalized was $2.3 million. License and supply agreement, net, on the consolidated balance sheet is $0.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Accumulated amortization is $2.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The intangible asset is being amortized as an expense over the life of the License and Supply Agreement. Amortization expense of approximately $14,000 and $33,000 was recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of December 11, 2023, the Company contractually has agreed to pay interest per month at the EURIBOR 360-day rate plus 500 basis points calculated on the principal amount of any outstanding invoices that are overdue by more than 15 days beyond the original payment terms. There was no interest recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or March 31, 2023.

In addition, for the period beginning April 23, 2014 through December 31, 2023, the Company paid Medica a royalty rate of 3% of net sales of the filtration products sold, subject to reduction as a result of a supply interruption pursuant to the terms of the License and Supply Agreement. Approximately $96,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was recognized as royalty expense and is included in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Approximately $96,000 of this royalty expense was included in accounts payable as of March 31, 2023.

Note 8 – Secured Note Payable

On March 27, 2018, the Company entered into a Secured Promissory Note Agreement (the “Secured Note”) with Tech Capital for a principal amount of $1.2 million. As of March 31, 2023, the principal balance of the Secured Note was paid off.

The Secured Note had a maturity date of April 1, 2023. The unpaid principal balance accrued interest at a rate of 8% per annum. Principal and interest payments were due on the first day of each month commencing on May 1, 2018. The Secured Note was subject to terms and conditions of and was secured by security interests granted by the Company in favor of Tech Capital under the Loan and Security Agreement entered into on August 17, 2017 and subsequently amended on December 20, 2019 (the “Loan Agreement”). An event of default under such Loan Agreement was an event of default under the Secured Note and vice versa.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company made payments under the Secured Note of approximately $71,000. Included in the total payments made, approximately $1,000 was recognized as interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Note 9 – Leases

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, warehouse space, an automobile, and office equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 5 years.

Lease cost, as presented below, includes costs associated with leases for which right-of-use (“ROU”) assets have been recognized as well as short-term leases.

The components of total lease costs were as follows:

Schedule of Components of Lease Cost

	Three months ended March 31, 2024		Three months ended March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	125	$	92
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		2		2
Interest on lease liabilities		1		1
Total finance lease cost		3		3
Variable lease cost		11		4
Total lease cost	$	139	$	99

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	Three months ended March 31, 2024		Three months ended March 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	158	$	87
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	2	$	2

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,678		$	1,803
Finance lease right-of-use assets	$	2		$	4

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	400		$	442
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		1,307			1,390
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,707		$	1,832

Current portion of finance lease liabilities	$	2		$	4
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		-			-
Total finance lease liabilities	$	2		$	4

Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases		4.1 years			4.3 years
Finance leases		0.4 years			0.6 years

Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases		8.0	%		8.0	%
Finance leases		8.0	%		8.0	%

As of March 31, 2024, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
	(in thousands)
2024 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2024)	$	404		$	2
2025		435			-
2026		450			-
2027		450			-
2028		251			-
Total future minimum lease payments		1,990			2
Less imputed interest		(283	)		-
Total	$	1,707		$	2

Note 10 – Stock Plans and Share-Based Payments

The fair value of stock options and restricted stock is recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company calculates stock-based compensation expenses in accordance with ASC 718. The fair value of stock-based awards is amortized over the vesting period of the award.

Stock Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not grant stock options to purchase shares of common stock to employees.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was ($17,000) and $179,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, approximately ($18,000) and $1,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The net credit to stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was due to the reversal of expense related to an immaterial error associated with the forfeiture of unvested options for employee terminations that occurred in prior fiscal periods partially offset by stock based compensation expense of approximately $58,000 related to unvested employee stock options. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, approximately $159,000 and $20,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

There was no tax benefit related to expense recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, as the Company is in a net operating loss position. As of March 31, 2024, there was $579,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted under the equity compensation plans, which will be amortized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.8 years.

Restricted Stock

Total stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations was approximately $8,000 and $13,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $8,000 and $13,000, respectively, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

No shares of restricted stock were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2024.During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 23,781 shares of restricted stock were issued to employees, 133,722 shares of restricted stock were issued to board members all related to services rendered during the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, 30,000 shares of restricted stock were issued to contractors during the period ended March 31, 2023. All restricted shares issued during the three months ended March 31, 2023, have a vesting period of six months.

As of March 31, 2024, there was approximately $7,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted under the equity compensation plans, which will be amortized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of approximately 0.1 years.

The aggregate shares of common stock legally issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 is greater than the aggregate shares of common stock outstanding for accounting purposes by the amount of unvested restricted shares.

SRP Equity Incentive Plan

SRP’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan was approved on May 7, 2019 under which 150,000 shares of SRP’s common stock are reserved for the issuance of options and other awards. This plan is no longer operational, due to the wind down of SRP’s operations and its April 2023 dissolution.

Due to the Company’s acquisition of the non-controlling interest in SRP during the three months ended March 31, 2023, all remaining equity-based awards have been forfeited and no further expense will be incurred related to these awards. There were no SRP stock options or other equity awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, a credit of approximately ($27,000) was recognized for expense related to the SRP equity-based awards. Stock-based compensation expense related to the SRP equity-based awards is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity

Noncontrolling Interest

In separate transactions in September 2018 and February 2022, SRP issued and sold an aggregate of 700,003 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.5 million. Of such shares, the Company purchased 62,500 shares in the February 2022 transaction, maintaining a 62.5% ownership stake in SRP. Approximately $188,000 of the proceeds from the February 2022 sales were recorded as an increase to the equity of the non-controlling interests. In addition to the Company’s purchase of Series A Preferred Stock from SRP,, the Company also loaned to SRP the principal amount of $1.3 million, $1.0 million of which was advanced during the year ended December 31, 2020.

In March 2023, the board of directors of SRP adopted, and the stockholders of SRP approved, a plan to wind down SRP’s operations and dissolve, and in April 2023, SRP filed a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware. In accordance with its plan of dissolution, after SRP satisfied its other outstanding liabilities, SRP assigned to the Company all of its remaining assets, including its intellectual property rights, in satisfaction of outstanding indebtedness owed to the Company in the approximate amount of $1.5 million. No other assets are available for distribution to any of SRP’s stockholders, including the Company, in respect of their shares of SRP capital stock, including the Series A Preferred. As a result of the dissolution described above, it was determined approximately $24,000 of inventory likely had no value and was written off in the period ended March 31, 2023.

Note 12 – Net Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the number of weighted average common shares issued and outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding for the period, plus amounts representing the dilutive effect from the exercise of stock options and warrants and unvested restricted stock, as applicable. The Company calculates dilutive potential common shares using the treasury stock method, which assumes the Company will use the proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants to repurchase shares of common stock to hold in its treasury stock reserves.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they would be antidilutive:

	March 31,
	2024		2023
Shares underlying options outstanding		1,591,622		1,420,564
Unvested restricted stock		42,167		187,503

Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments

In exchange for the rights granted under the License and Supply Agreement with Medica (see Note 7 – License and Supply Agreement, net), the Company agreed to make certain minimum annual aggregate purchases from Medica over the term of the License and Supply Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has agreed to make minimum annual aggregate purchases from Medica of €4.2 million (approximately $4.6 million). As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s aggregate purchase commitments totaled €2.8 million (approximately $3 million).

Contractual Obligations

See Note 9 – Leases for a discussion of the Company’s contractual obligations.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion includes forward-looking statements about our business, financial condition and results of operations including discussions about management’s expectations for our business. These statements represent projections, beliefs and expectations based on current circumstances and conditions and in light of recent events and trends, and these statements should not be construed either as assurances of performances or as promises of a given course of action. Instead, various known and unknown factors are likely to cause our actual performance and management’s actions to vary, and the results of these variances may be both material and adverse.

Business Overview

We are a commercial-stage company that develops and sells high performance water solutions to the medical and commercial markets.

Our medical water filters, mostly classified as ultrafilters, are used primarily by hospitals for the prevention of infection from waterborne pathogens, such as legionella and pseudomonas, and in dialysis centers for the removal of biological contaminants from water and bicarbonate concentrate. Because our ultrafilters capture contaminants as small as 0.005 microns in size, they minimize exposure to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and endotoxins.

Our commercial water filters improve the taste and odor of water and reduce biofilm, cysts, particulates, and scale build-up in downstream equipment. Our products are marketed primarily to the food service, hospitality, convenience store, and health care markets, and are also sold into medical institutions to supplement our medical filters.

We previously held a majority stake in Specialty Renal Products, Inc. (“SRP”), a development-stage medical device company that was focused primarily on developing hemodiafiltration (“HDF”) technology. In May 2022, SRP received510(k) clearance from the FDA for SRP’s second-generation model of the OLpūrH2H Hemodiafiltration System, which enables nephrologists to provide HDF treatment to patients with end stage renal disease. In January 2023, SRP management began exploring strategic partnerships to support a commercial launch of the HDF product but was unsuccessful in identifying a partner. By late February 2023, SRP had nearly exhausted its capital resources and, due to its limited capital and lack of prospects for securing a strategic partnership or additional financing, the board of directors of SRP adopted a plan on March 6, 2023 to wind down SRP operations, liquidate its remaining assets and dissolve the company. That plan was approved by SRP’s stockholders on March 9, 2023, and on April 13, 2023, SRP filed a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware. SRP’s cash resources were sufficient to satisfy all of its outstanding liabilities other than its obligations to us under a loan with an outstanding balance of approximately $1.5 million. Accordingly, SRP assigned to Nephros all of its remaining assets, including its intellectual property rights in the HDF2 device, in satisfaction of its outstanding loan balance. Although we have no current plans to do so, we may re-evaluate opportunities for HDF in the future.

Our Products

Water Filtration Products

We develop and sell water filtration products used in both medical and commercial applications. Our water filtration products employ multiple filtration technologies, as described below.

In medical markets, our primary filtration mechanism is to pass liquids through the pores of polysulfone hollow fiber. Our filters’ pores are significantly smaller than those of competing products, resulting in highly effective elimination of waterborne pathogens, including legionella bacteria (the cause of Legionnaires disease) and viruses, which are not eliminated by most other microbiological filters on the market. Additionally, the fiber structure and pore density in our hollow fiber enables significantly higher flow rates than in other polysulfone hollow fiber.

Our primary sales strategy in medical markets is to sell through value-added resellers (“VARs”). Leveraging VARs has enabled us to rapidly expand our access to target customers with limited sales staff expansion. In addition, while we are currently focused on medical markets, the VARs that support these customers also support a wide variety of commercial and industrial customers. We believe that our VAR relationships have and will continue to facilitate growth in filter sales outside of the medical industry.

In commercial markets, we develop and sell our filters, for which carbon-based absorption is the primary filtration mechanism. These products allow us to improve water’s odor and taste, to reduce scale and heavy metals, and to reduce other water contaminants for customers who are primarily in the food service, convenience store, and hospitality industries. These commercial products are also sold into medical markets, as supplemental filtration to our medical filters.

In commercial markets, our model combines both direct and indirect sales. Through our employee sales staff, have sold products directly to a number of convenience stores, hotels, casinos, and restaurants. We have also signed an agreement with a partner to be the exclusive distributor to resell select water filters and related products to customers in the commercial food and beverage markets subject to meeting certain minimum thresholds.

Target Markets

Our ultrafiltration products currently target the following markets:

	●	Hospitals and Other Healthcare Facilities: Filtration of water for washing and drinking as an aid in infection control. The filters produce water that is suitable for wound cleansing, cleaning of equipment used in medical procedures, and washing of surgeons’ hands.
	●	Dialysis Centers and Home/Portable Dialysis Machines: Filtration of water or bicarbonate concentrate used in hemodialysis.
	●	Commercial Facilities: Filtration and purification of water for consumption, including for use in ice machines and soft drink dispensers.
	●	Military and Outdoor Recreation: Individual water purification devices used by soldiers and backpackers to produce drinking water in the field, as well as filters customized to remote water processing systems.

Hospitals and Other Healthcare Facilities. Nephros filters are a leading tool used to provide proactive protection to patients in high-risk areas (e.g., ice machines, surgical rooms, NICUs) and reactive protection to patients in broader areas during periods of water pathogen outbreaks. Our products are used in hundreds of medical facilities to aid in infection control, both proactively and reactively.

As of 2023, according to the American Hospital Association, there are approximately 6,129 hospitals in the U.S., with approximately 920,000 beds. Over 34 million patients were admitted to these hospitals. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) estimates that healthcare associated infections (“HAI”) occur in approximately 1 out of every 31 hospital patients, which calculates to over one million patients in 2023. HAIs affect patients in hospitals or other healthcare facilities and are not present or incubating at the time of admission. They also include infections acquired by patients in the hospital or facility, but appearing after discharge, and occupational infections among staff. Many HAIs are caused by waterborne bacteria and viruses that can thrive in aging or complex plumbing systems often found in healthcare facilities.

In January 2022, the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) expanded its requirements – originally implemented in 2017 – for facilities to develop policies and procedures that inhibit the growth and spread of legionella and other opportunistic pathogens in building water systems. In this 2022 update, CMS requires teams to be assigned to the development of formal water management plans (“WMPs”), as well as detailed documentation regarding the development of the WMPs and their execution. CMS surveyors regularly review policies, procedures, and reports documenting water management implementation results to verify that facilities are compliant with these requirements. We believe that these CMS regulations may have a positive impact on the sale of our HAI-inhibiting ultrafilters.

We currently have FDA 510(k) clearance on the following portfolio of medical device products for use in the hospital setting to aid in infection control:

●	The DSU-H and SSU-H are in-line, 0.005-micron ultrafilters that provide dual- and single-stage protection, respectively, from waterborne pathogens. They are primarily used to filter potable water feeding ice machines, sinks, and medical equipment, such as endoscope washers and surgical room humidifiers. The DSU-H has an up to 6-month product life in a typical hospital setting, while the SSU-H has an up to 3-month product life.

●	The S100 is a point-of-use, 0.01-micron microfilter that provides protection from waterborne pathogens. The S100 is primarily used to filter potable water feeding sinks and showers. The S100 has an up to 3-month product life when used in a hospital setting.

●	The HydraGuard^TM and HydraGuard^TM - Flush are 0.005-micron cartridge ultrafilters that provide single-stage protection from waterborne pathogens. The HydraGuard ultrafilters are primarily used to filter potable water feeding ice machines and medical equipment, such as endoscope washers and surgical room humidifiers. The HydraGuard has an up to 6-month product life and the HydraGuard - Flush has an up to 12-month product life when used in a hospital setting.

Our complete hospital infection control product line, including in-line, and point-of-use can be viewed on our website at https://www.nephros.com/infection-control/. We are not including the information on our website as a part of, nor incorporating it by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Dialysis Centers - Water/Bicarbonate. In the dialysis water market, Nephros ultrafiltration products are among the highest performing products on the market. The DSU-D, SSU-D and the SSUmini have become the standard endotoxin filter in many portable reverse osmosis systems. The EndoPur^®, our large-format ultrafilter targeted at dialysis clinic water systems, provides the smallest pore size available.

To perform hemodialysis, all dialysis clinics have dedicated water purification systems to produce water and bicarbonate concentrate, two essential ingredients for making dialysate, the liquid that removes waste material from the blood. According to the National Institute of Health, there are approximately 7,100 dialysis clinics in the United States servicing approximately 500,000 patients annually. We estimate that there are over 100,000 hemodialysis machines in operation in the United States.

We currently have FDA 510(k) clearance on the following portfolio of medical device products for use in the dialysis setting to aid in bacteria, virus, and endotoxin retention:

	●	The DSU-D, SSU-D and SSUmini are in-line, 0.005-micron ultrafilters that provide protection from bacteria, viruses, and endotoxins. All of these products have an up to 12-month product life in the dialysis setting and are used to filter water following treatment with a reverse osmosis (“RO”) system, and to filter bicarbonate concentrate. These ultrafilters are primarily used in the water lines and bicarbonate concentrate lines leading into dialysis machines, and as a polish filter for portable RO machines.

	●	The EndoPur is a 0.005-micron cartridge ultrafilter that provides single-stage protection from bacteria, viruses, and endotoxins. The EndoPur has an up to 12-month product life in the dialysis setting and is used to filter water following treatment with an RO system. More specifically, the EndoPur is used primarily to filter water in large RO systems designed to provide ultrapure water to an entire dialysis clinic. The EndoPur is a cartridge-based, “plug and play” market entry that requires no plumbing at installation or replacement. The EndoPur is available in 10”, 20”, and 30” configuration.

Commercial and Industrial Facilities. Our commercial NanoGuard^® product line accomplishes ultrafiltration via small pore size (0.005 micron) technology, filtering bacteria and viruses from water. In addition, our commercial filtration offerings include technologies that are primarily focused on improving odor and taste and on reducing scale and heavy metals from filtered water.

Our commercial market focus is on the hotel, restaurant, and convenience store markets. In March 2022, we entered into an agreement to provide water filtration systems to an organization that services approximately 3,000 Quick Service Restaurants (“QSR”). Effective January 1, 2023, we entered into a new supply agreement with this commercial partner, which superseded the March 2022 agreement. Under the January 2023 agreement, we engaged this commercial partner to be our exclusive distributor to the food, beverage and hospitality industries. We continue to pursue other national accounts, which, over time, may result in step-change increases in commercial market revenue.

Over time, we believe that the same water safety management programs currently underway at medical facilities may migrate to commercial markets. As the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens expands, links to contamination sources will become more efficient and the data more readily available. In cases where those sources are linked to restaurants, hotels, office buildings and residential complexes, the corporate owners of those facilities will likely face increasing liability exposure. We expect that building owners will come to understand ASHRAE-188, which outlines risk factors for buildings and their occupants, and provides water safety management guidelines. We believe, in time, most commercial buildings will need to follow the basic requirements of ASHRAE-188: create a water management plan, perform routine testing, and establish a plan to treat the building in the event of a positive test.

As demand for water testing and microbiological filtration grows, we will be ready to deploy our expertise and solutions based on years of experience servicing the medical market. We believe that we have an opportunity to offer unique expertise and products to the commercial market, and that our future revenue from the commercial market could even surpass our infection control revenue.

We currently market the following portfolio of proprietary products for use in the commercial, industrial, and food service settings:

	●	The NanoGuard set of products are in-line, 0.005-micron ultrafilter that provides dual-stage retention of any organic or inorganic particle larger than 15,000 Daltons. NanoGuard products are designed to fit a variety of existing plumbing configurations, including 10” and 20” standard housings, and Nephros and Everpure® manifolds. Included in the NanoGuard product line are both conventional and flushable filters.

	●	The Nephros line of commercial filters provide a variety of technology solutions that improve water quality in food service, convenience store, hospitality, and industrial applications. Nephros filters improve water taste and odor, and reduce sediment, dirt, rust particles and other solids, chlorine and heavy minerals, lime scale build-up, and both particulate lead and soluble lead.

Nephros commercial products combine effectively with NanoGuard ultrafiltration technologies to offer full-featured solutions to the commercial water market, including to existing users of Everpure filter manifolds.

Critical Accounting Policies

For the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies as identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We are subject to recently issued accounting standards, accounting guidance and disclosure requirements. For a description of these new accounting standards, see Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Liquidity,” of the Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Results of Operations

Fluctuations in Operating Results

Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past, including recently, and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our annual results of operations will be impacted in the foreseeable future by several factors, including market acceptance of our products, expense management, and progress to achieve positive operating cash flow. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The following table sets forth our summarized, consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except percentages):

	2024			2023			$ Increase (Decrease)			% Increase (Decrease)
Total net revenue	$	3,522		$	3,697		$	(175	)		(5	)%
Cost of goods sold		1,335			1,586			(251	)		(16	)%
Gross margin		2,187			2,111			76			4	%
Gross margin %		62	%		57	%		-			5	%
Selling, general and administrative expense		2,142			2,124			18			1	%
Research and development expense		212			239			(27	)		(11	)%
Depreciation and amortization expense		33			54			(21	)		(39	)%
Operating loss		(200	)		(306	)		106			(35	)%
Interest expense		(1	)		(1	)		-			0	%
Interest income		25			12			13			108	%
Other (expense) income, net		7			(11	)		18			164	%
Net loss	$	(169	)	$	(306	)	$	137			(45	)%

Overall, net revenue decreased by $175,000, or 4.7%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease was primarily driven by decreased revenue from emergency response orders, which were unusually large in the first quarter of 2023 and not repeated in the comparable 2024 period. However, the decrease in emergency response orders was partially offset by increased revenue from programmatic or recurring sales, which were 12% more than the same period in 2023. This increase in programmatic sales was due to the growth in our sales personnel in 2024.

Gross Profit Margin

Consolidated gross profit margin was approximately 62% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to approximately 57% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase of approximately 5 percentage points was driven by reductions in shipping expenses and more favorable pricing terms with our largest supplier.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expense increased $18,000, or 1%, primarily due to the hiring of a new CEO and CFO to replace one person acting in both positions, and increased hires to support the sales organization. The increase in salaries, bonus and employee benefit expense associated with the new employees was partially offset by a reduction in commissions and a one-time reversal of stock compensation expense of approximately $75,000 (see Note 10 – Stock Plans and Share-Based Payments)

Research and Development Expense

Consolidated research and development expense decreased approximately $27,000 due to the wind down of SRP in 2023.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expenses were approximately $33,000 and $54,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Interest Income

Interest income was approximately $25,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to approximately $12,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income was approximately $7,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and other expense was approximately $11,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily as a result of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our liquidity and capital resources as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and is intended to supplement the more detailed discussion that follows. The amounts stated are expressed in thousands.

Liquidity and Capital Resources	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,633	$	4,307
Other current assets		4,497		4,098
Working capital		6,201		6,292
Stockholders’ equity		8,180		8,358

As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $144.6 million and we may incur additional operating losses from operations until such time, if ever, that we are able to increase product sales and/or licensing revenue to achieve profitability.

Based on cash that is available for our operations and projections of our future operations, we believe that our cash balances will be sufficient to fund our current operating plan through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, our operating plans are designed to help control operating costs, to increase revenue, and to raise additional capital until such time as we generate sufficient cash flows to fund operations. If there were a decrease in the demand for our products due to either economic or competitive conditions, or if we are otherwise unable to achieve our plan or achieve our anticipated operating results, there could be a significant reduction in liquidity due to our possible inability to cut costs sufficiently. In such event, the Company may need to take further actions to reduce its discretionary expenditures, including further reducing headcount, reducing spending on R&D projects, and reducing other variable costs.

Our future liquidity sources and requirements will depend on many other factors, including:

	●	the market acceptance of our products, and our ability to effectively and efficiently produce, market and sell our products;
	●	the costs involved in filing and enforcing patent claims and the status of competitive products; and
	●	the cost of litigation, including potential patent litigation and any other actual or threatened litigation.

We expect to put our current capital resources toward the development, marketing, and sales of our water filtration products and working capital purposes.

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net cash used in operating activities in 2024 was primarily due to the net loss of approximately $0.2 million, an increase in inventory of approximately $0.4 million, and a decrease in accrued expenses of approximately $0.4 million, offset by an increase in accounts payable of approximately $0.2 million. Net cash provided by operating activities in 2023 was primarily due to a decline in inventory of approximately $0.7 million and an increase in accrued expenses of approximately $0.1 million offset by an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $0.7 million.

The company had no investing activities for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $2,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to payments on our equipment financing debt. Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to principal payments on debt.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2024.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements”. Such statements include statements regarding the efficacy and intended use of our technologies under development, the timelines and strategy for bringing such products to market, the timeline for regulatory review and approval of our products, the availability of funding sources for continued development of such products, and other statements that are not historical facts, including statements which may be preceded by the words “intends,” “may,” “will,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “estimates,” “aims,” “believes,” “hopes,” “potential” or similar words. Forward-looking statements are not guaranties of future performance, are based on certain assumptions and are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results may differ materially from the expectations contained in the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks that:

	●	we face significant challenges in obtaining market acceptance of our products, which, if not obtained, could adversely affect our potential sales and revenues;
	●	product-related deaths or serious injuries or product malfunctions could trigger recalls, class action lawsuits and other events that could cause us to incur expenses and may also limit our ability to generate revenues from such products;
	●	we face potential liability associated with the production, marketing and sale of our products, and the expense of defending against claims of product liability could materially deplete our assets and generate negative publicity, which could impair our reputation;

	●	to the extent our products or marketing materials are found to violate any provisions of the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FDC Act”) or any other statutes or regulations, we could be subject to enforcement actions by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or other governmental agencies;
	●	we may not be able to obtain funding when needed or on terms favorable to us in order to continue operation;
	●	we may not have sufficient capital to successfully implement our business plan;
	●	we may not be able to effectively market our products;
	●	we may not be able to sell our water filtration products at competitive prices or profitably;
	●	we may encounter problems with our suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors;
	●	we may encounter unanticipated internal control deficiencies or weaknesses or ineffective disclosure controls and procedures;
	●	we may not be able to obtain appropriate or necessary regulatory approvals to achieve our business plan;
	●	we may not be able to secure or enforce adequate legal protection, including patent protection, for our products;
	●	we may not be able to achieve sales growth in key geographic markets.

More detailed information about us and the risk factors that may affect the realization of forward-looking statements, including the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is set forth in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and our other reports filed with the SEC. We urge investors and security holders to read those documents free of charge at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which is designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management in a timely manner. Management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud have been or will be detected.

At the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item. However, in addition to other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the important information in the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial might materially adversely affect our actual business, financial condition and/or operating results

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description of Exhibit

31.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

31.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

32.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **

32.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*		Filed herewith

**		Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NEPHROS, INC.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Robert Banks
	Name:	Robert Banks
	Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Judy Krandel
	Name:	Judy Krandel
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Nephros Inc.