UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

Or.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-41497

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada		99-3749880
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

4501 Santa Rosa Dr. Midland, TX 79707

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(432) 695-6997

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	NUAI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants	NUAIW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer‌	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 11, 2025, the registrant had 26,153,893 shares of common stock issued and 25,979,535 shares of common stock outstanding.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

		Page
PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	1
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	2
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	3
	Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	4
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Control and Procedures	47
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	49
SIGNATURES		50

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,199,825		$	1,053,744
Accounts receivable, net		969,458			851,304
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		730,086			967,176
Restricted investments		1,360,117			1,333,789
Total current assets		8,259,486			4,206,013

Oil and natural gas properties, net (full cost)		482,909			790,093
Property, plant and equipment, net		4,598,909			3,809,742
Equity facility derivative asset		158,255			16,999
Investment in joint venture		75,000			-
Prepaid expenses – non-current		240,000			360,000
TOTAL ASSETS	$	13,814,559		$	9,182,847

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	942,214		$	1,730,610
Accrued liabilities		486,590			319,327
Excise taxes payable		1,351,061			1,155,726
Withholding taxes payable		770,046			594,561
Share issuance liability		—			423,750
Notes payable – current		2,304,153			—
Convertible note, net of discount		5,256,904			2,233,712
Embedded derivative liability		480,490			—
Due to related parties		—			1,354
Other current liabilities		52,557			47,577
Total current liabilities		11,644,015			6,506,617

Embedded derivative liability		—			309,181
Asset retirement obligation		2,307,928			2,198,064
Notes payable – noncurrent		—			2,217,823
Total liabilities		13,951,943			11,231,685

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)

Stockholders’ Deficit
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2025, and December 31,2024		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 245,000,000 shares authorized, 25,656,628 issued and 25,482,270 outstanding at June 30, 2025; 70,000,000 shares authorized, 13,165,152 issued and 12,990,794 shares outstanding at December 31, 2024		2,567			1,318
Treasury stock, 174,358 shares at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		(17	)		(17	)
Additional paid-in capital		20,558,565			11,722,100
Accumulated deficit		(20,698,499	)		(13,772,239	)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(137,384	)		(2,048,838	)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	13,814,559		$	9,182,847

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Revenues, net
Oil, natural gas, and product sales, net	$	209,114		$	20,377		$	535,569		$	349,588
Total Revenues, net		209,114			20,377			535,569			349,588

Costs and expenses
Lease operating expenses		308,385			225,368			568,865			728,927
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		232,018			255,149			430,427			499,193
General and administrative expenses		1,532,520			1,043,122			3,469,174			1,788,186
Total Costs and expenses		2,072,923			1,523,639			4,468,466			3,016,306

Loss from operations		(1,863,809	)		(1,503,262	)		(3,932,897	)		(2,666,718	)

Other income (expense)
Interest income		10,948			8,074			26,328			24,668
Interest expense		(1,515,986	)		(79,484	)		(2,958,108	)		(139,822	)
Change in fair value of derivative asset		156,659			—			141,256			—
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(99,274	)		—			91,703			—
Other, net		(294,542	)		66,799			(294,542	)		133,597
Total other (expense) income, net		(1,742,195	)		(4,611	)		(2,993,363	)		18,443
Loss before income taxes		(3,606,004	)		(1,507,873	)		(6,926,260	)		(2,648,275	)

Income tax expense		—			418,114			—			699,484
Net loss	$	(3,606,004	)	$	(1,089,759	)	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791	)

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.30	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		16,904,066			6,425,375			15,390,821			6,425,375

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024

																Total
	Common Stock				Treasury Stock						Paid-in		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balance, January 1, 2025		13,165,152	$	1,318		(174,358	)	$	(17	)	$	11,722,100	$	(13,772,239	)	$	(2,048,838	)
Sale of common stock		835,000		84		—			—			2,198,359		—			2,198,443
Common shares issued for services		125,000		12		—			—			423,738		—			423,750
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—		(3,320,256	)		(3,320,256	)
Balance, March 31, 2025		14,125,152	$	1,414		(174,358	)	$	(17	)	$	14,344,197	$	(17,092,495	)	$	(2,746,901	)
Sale of common stock		11,531,476		1,153		—			—			6,214,368		—			6,215,521
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—		(3,606,004	)		(3,606,004	)
Balance, June 30, 2025		25,656,628	$	2,567		(174,358	)	$	(17	)	$	20,558,565	$	(20,698,499	)	$	(137,384	)

							Retained			Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Earnings (Accumulated			Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit)			(Deficit)
Balance, January 1, 2024		6,421,829	$	643	$	517,843	$	10,145		$	528,631
Sale of common stock		3,546		1		11,999		—			12,000
Net loss		—		—		—		(859,032	)		(859,032	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		6,425,375	$	644	$	529,842	$	(848,887	)	$	(318,401	)
Net loss		—		—		—		(1,089,759	)		(1,089,759	)
Balance, June 30, 2024		6,425,375	$	644	$	529,842		(1,938,646	)		(1,408,160	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NEW ERA ENERGY & DIGITAL, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depletion, depreciation, amortization, and accretion		430,427			499,194
Change in fair value of derivative asset		(141,256	)		—
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(91,703	)		—
Deferred income tax benefit		—			(699,484)
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs		2,344,697			—
Accrued interest expense on note payable and other current liabilities		86,330			101,953
Interest income on restricted investments and notes receivable		(26,328	)		(24,669)
Compensation – assignment of property		—			166,449
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivables		(118,154	)		(34,603)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		357,090			23,315
Accounts payable		(788,397	)		543,963
Accrued liabilities		(180,379	)		176,777
Excise tax payable		195,335			—
Withholding tax payable		175,485			—
Due to related parties		(1,354	)		170,603
Other liabilities – current		4,980			(44,890)
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,679,487	)		(1,070,183)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Investment in property, plant and equipment, net		(802,546	)		(200,000)
Investment in joint venture		(75,000	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(877,546	)		(200,000)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Issuance of common stock		8,413,964			12,000
Proceeds from note payable		—			1,089,528
Proceeds from convertible note, net of transaction costs		2,790,000			—
Repayment on convertible notes		(1,416,667	)		—
Debt issuance costs		(84,183	)		—
Proceeds from related party		—			77,500
Net cash provided by financing activities		9,703,114			1,179,028
Net Change in Cash and cash equivalents		4,146,081			(91,155)
Cash and cash equivalents – Beginning of period		1,053,744			120,010
Cash and cash equivalents – End of period	$	5,199,825			$ 28,855
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash interest payments	$	462,331			$ 34,264
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures accrued in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	—		$	(152,894	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization and Nature of Operations

New Era Helium, Inc.(the “Company”, “NEW ERA”, “we,”, “us,” or “our”), formerly known as Roth CH Holdings, Inc. (“Roth V”), is a Nevada corporation. On August 13, 2025, the Company changed its name from New Era Helium, Inc. to New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. The Company was formed on February 6, 2023, through a Reorganization Agreement and Plan Share Exchange (the “Agreement”) with Solis Partners, LLC (“Solis Partners”) as described further in the paragraph below. The Company’s primary operations include the exploration, development, and production of helium, natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”). The Company’s producing oil and gas assets and non-producing acreage are primarily located in Chaves County, New Mexico. The Company also owns overriding royalty interests located in Howard County, Texas.

The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Solis Partners is a Texas limited liability company. Solis Partners owns and operates the Company’s producing oil and gas assets and non-producing acreage. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary NEH Midstream LLC (“NEH Midstream”) is a Texas limited liability company, formed August 4, 2023. NEH Midstream is the owner of the helium offtake and tolling agreements. NEH Midstream is in the process of constructing a natural gas processing facility in which NEH Midstream will be the owner and operator.

On December 6, 2024, the Company completed the business combination (the “Business Combination) contemplated by the Business Combination and Plan of Organization dated January 3, 2024 (the “Business Combination Agreement”) (as amended on June 5, 2024, August 8, 2024, September 11, 2024 and September 30, 2024, the “BCA”), by and among Roth CH Acquisition V Co. (“ROCL”), Roth CH V Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of ROCL (“Merger Sub”), and NEW ERA.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, although ROCL acquired the outstanding equity in NEW ERA in the Business Combination, ROCL is treated as the “acquired company” and NEW ERA was treated as the accounting acquirer for financial statement purposes. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of NEW ERA issuing stock for the net assets of ROCL, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of ROCL are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

Furthermore, the historical financial statements of NEW ERA became the historical financial statements of the Company upon the consummation of the merger. As a result, the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report reflect (i) the historical operating results of NEW ERA prior to the merger; (ii) the combined results of ROCL and NEW ERA following the close of the merger; (iii) the assets and liabilities of NEW ERA at their historical cost and (iv) NEW ERA’s equity structure for all periods presented, as affected by the recapitalization presentation after completion of the merger. See Note 3 - Reverse Capitalization for further details of the merger.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the years presented. References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Risks and Uncertainties

As a producer of natural gas, NGLs and oil, and an anticipated future producer of helium, the Company’s revenue, profitability, and future growth are substantially dependent upon the prevailing and future prices for helium, natural gas, NGLs and oil, which are dependent upon numerous factors beyond its control such as economic, political, and regulatory developments and competition from other energy sources. The energy markets have historically been very volatile, and there can be no assurance that the prices for helium, natural gas, NGLs or oil will not be subject to wide fluctuations in the future. A substantial or extended decline in prices for helium, natural gas, NGLs and oil could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, the quantities of natural gas, helium, NGL and oil reserves that may be economically produced and the Company’s access to capital.

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things, a new U.S. federal 1% excise tax on certain repurchases of stock by publicly traded U.S. domestic corporations and certain U.S. domestic subsidiaries of publicly traded foreign corporations occurring on or after January 1, 2023. The excise tax is imposed on the repurchasing corporation itself, not its shareholders from which shares are repurchased. The amount of the excise tax is generally 1% of the fair market value of the shares repurchased at the time of the repurchase. However, for purposes of calculating the excise tax, repurchasing corporations are permitted to net the fair market value of certain new stock issuances against the fair market value of stock repurchases during the same taxable year. In addition, certain exceptions apply to the excise tax. The U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) has been given authority to provide regulations and other guidance to carry out and prevent the abuse or avoidance of the excise tax.

Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Business Combination, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances in connection with a Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Business Combination but issued within the same taxable year of a Business Combination) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and in the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination.

In connection with the ROCL stockholders’ vote at the May 2023 Special Meeting, ROCL public stockholders exercised their right to redeem 8,989,488 shares of ROCL common stock for a total of $93,010,772 as of May 31, 2023. In connection with the ROCL stockholders’ vote at the December 2023 Special Meeting, 927,715 shares of ROCL common stock were tendered for redemption as of December 1, 2023. Excise tax should be recognized in the period incurred, that is when the repurchase occurs. Any reduction in the tax liability due to a subsequent stock issuance, or an event giving rise to an exception, which occurs within a tax year, should be recorded in the period of such stock issuance or event giving rise to an exception. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $1,029,003 of excise tax liability calculated as 1% of the value of shares redeemed on May 31, 2023 and December 1, 2023.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

During the second quarter of 2023, the IRS issued final regulations with respect to the timing and payment of the excise tax. Pursuant to those regulations, the Company would need to file a return and remit payment for any liability incurred during the period from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 on or before October 31, 2024.

The Company is currently evaluating its options with respect to payment of this obligation. If the Company is unable to pay its obligation in full, it will be subject to additional interest and penalties which are currently estimated at 10% interest per annum and a 5% underpayment penalty per month or portion of a month up to 25% of the total liability for any amount that is unpaid from November 1, 2024, until paid in full. The Company has $322,058 and $126,722 of accrued interest and penalty in the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Notice of Delisting

On March 4, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq (the “Notice”) which notified the Company that, for 30 consecutive business days, the Company’s market value of listed securities (“MVLS”) closed below the $50,000,000 MVLS threshold required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A) (the “MVLS Rule”).

In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(C), the Company has 180 calendar days, or until September 2, 2025 (the “MVLS Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with the MVLS Rule. The Notice notes that, to regain compliance, the Company’s MVLS must close at or above $50,000,000 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during the MVLS Compliance Period. The Notice further notes that if the Company is unable to satisfy the MVLS requirement prior to such date, the Company may be eligible to transfer the listing of its securities to The Nasdaq Capital Market (provided that the Company then satisfies the requirements for continued listing on that market). If the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the MVLS Compliance Period, Nasdaq staff will provide written notice to the Company that its securities are subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal any such delisting determination to a hearings panel. The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market.

The Company is actively monitoring the Company’s MVLS between now and September 2, 2025, and may, if appropriate, evaluate available options to resolve the deficiencies and regain compliance with the MVLS Rule. While the Company is exercising diligent efforts to maintain the listing of its securities on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain or maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing standards.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany transactions and balances.

Segments

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may recognize revenues and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews total assets and income (loss) from operation of the single reportable segment of the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that there is only one reportable segment which is the development, exploration and production of natural gas, helium, NGLs and oil. In addition, the Company has a single company-wide management team that allocates capital resources to maximize profitability and measures financial performance as a single enterprise.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Functional and reporting currency

The functional and reporting currency of the Company is the United States dollar.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company recorded a net loss of $6,926,260 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and net loss of $1,948,791 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had a working capital deficit of $3,384,529 and a cash balance of $5,199,825.

Historically, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash received from oil, natural gas, and product sales, contributions from members, and borrowings.

Management’s assessment of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern involves making a judgement, at a particular point in time, about inherently uncertain future outcomes of events or conditions.

Any judgment about the future is based on information available at the time at which the judgment is made. Subsequent events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgments that were reasonable at the time they were made. Management has taken into account the following:

The Company’s financial position; and

The risks facing the Company that could impact liquidity and capital adequacy.

The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the Company’s revenue growth rate, and the timing and extent of spending to support further sales and marketing efforts. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination on December 6, 2024, the Company and an institutional investor (the EPFA Investor”) entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement, as further amended as of February 21, 2025, May 5, 2025, and July 10, 2025 (the “EPFA”). Pursuant to the EPFA, the Company has the right to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must purchase from the Company, up to an aggregate of $75 million (the “Commitment Amount”) in newly issued shares (the “Advance Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. The EFPA also provides for the issuance of two pre-paid advances in the aggregate amount of $10 million, the first pre-paid advance in the amount of $7 million, which was drawn by the Company on December 6, 2024, and the second pre-paid advance in the amount of $3 million, which was drawn by the Company on January 16, 2025, each of which is evidenced by a senior secured convertible promissory note (each, a “Convertible Note”), which is convertible into shares of common stock.

The Company is making payments of principal and interest on the Convertible Notes and the Company’s general and administrative expenses through funds received from shares sold under the EFPA. The Company’s share price has significantly declined and as a result, management has concern about the Company’s ability to sell sufficient shares under the EFPA at high enough prices to produce cash flow to meet its obligations within the assessment period as necessary. The Company may need to raise additional financing through loans. The Company cannot provide any assurance that the new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, The Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. As a result, in connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”, Management has determined that the Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through the twelve months following the issuance date of the June 30, 2025, consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, certain disclosures at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates affecting the consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information. The estimates and assumptions include but are not limited to inputs used to calculate asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) (Note 11), the estimate of proved natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids reserves and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom (Note 6) and inputs used to calculate the value of the derivative asset and derivative liabilities (Note 16). These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgements. However, actual results from the resolution of such estimates and assumptions may vary from those used in the preparation of the financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity date of six months or less to be cash equivalents. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not hold any cash equivalents other than cash on deposit.

Restricted Investments

Restricted investments relates to Certificates of Deposit (“CDs”) held at West Texas National Bank. These CDs are used as collateral for operating and plugging bonds for the New Mexico Oil Conservation Division, New Mexico State Land Office, and the Bureau of Land Management.

Receivables and Allowance for Expected Losses

The Company’s receivables result primarily from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs as well as billings to joint interest owners for properties in which the Company serves as the operator. Receivables from product sales are generally due within 30 to 60 days after the last day of each production month and do not bear any interest. Receivables associated with joint interest billings are regularly reviewed by Management for collectability, and they establish or adjust an allowance for expected losses as necessary. The Company determines its allowance for each type of receivable by considering a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the debtor’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. Management has determined that an allowance for expected losses was not required for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the year ended December 31, 2024.

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Oil, natural gas and NGL sales	$	97,860	$	108,091
Joint interest accounts receivable		749,287		624,577
Other accounts receivable		122,311		118,636
Total Accounts receivable, net	$	969,458	$	851,304

The beginning accounts receivable balance at January 1, 2024 was $692,351.

The Company did not write off any accounts receivable during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

Prepaid Expenses

The Company includes in prepaid expenses payments made in advance for goods or services for which the Company will receive a future benefit. Prepaid expenses are recorded at cost and are expensed over the period in which the benefit is realized.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Betterments, renewals, and extraordinary repairs that materially extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized; other repairs and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred. The Company includes in property, plant and equipment the processing plant under construction, computer equipment, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements.

Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which results in depreciation and amortization being incurred evenly over the life of an asset. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property and accumulated depreciation accounts until they are removed from service.

Management performs ongoing evaluations of the estimated useful lives of the property and equipment for depreciation purposes. Management periodically reviews long-lived assets, other than oil and gas property, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.

The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its carrying amount. The Company recorded no impairment charges during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Oil and Gas Properties

The Company follows the full cost accounting method to account for oil and natural gas properties, whereby costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves are capitalized. Such costs include lease acquisition, geological and geophysical activities, rentals on nonproducing leases, drilling, completing and equipping of oil and gas wells, administrative costs directly attributable to those activities and asset retirement costs. Disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capital costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized to operations.

The capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, plus estimated future development costs relating to proved reserves and excluding unevaluated and unproved properties, are amortized as depletion expense using the units-of-production method based on estimated proved recoverable oil and gas reserves.

The costs associated with unevaluated and unproved properties, initially excluded from the amortization base, relate to unproved leasehold acreage, wells and production facilities in progress and wells pending determination of the existence of proved reserves, together with capitalized interest costs for these projects. Unproved leasehold costs are transferred to the amortization base with the costs of drilling the related well once a determination of the existence of proved reserves has been made or upon impairment of a lease. Costs associated with wells in progress and completed wells that have yet to be evaluated are transferred to the amortization base once a determination is made whether or not proved reserves can be assigned to the property. Costs of dry wells are transferred to the amortization base immediately upon determination that the well is unsuccessful.

Under full cost accounting rules for each cost center, capitalized costs of evaluated oil and gas properties, including asset retirement costs, less accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes, may not exceed an amount (the “cost ceiling”) equal to the sum of (a) the present value of future net cash flows from estimated production of proved oil and gas reserves, based on current prices and operating conditions, discounted at ten percent (10%), plus (b) the cost of properties not being amortized, plus (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of any unproved properties included in the costs being amortized, less (d) any income tax effects related to differences between the book and tax basis of the properties involved. If capitalized costs exceed this limit, the excess is charged to operations. For purposes of the ceiling test calculation, current prices are defined as the un-weighted arithmetic average of the first day of the month price for each month within the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period. Prices are adjusted for basis or location differentials. Unless sales contracts specify otherwise, prices are held constant for the productive life of each well. Similarly, current costs are assumed to remain constant over the entire calculation period.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Given the volatility of oil and gas prices, it is reasonably possible that the estimate of discounted future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves could change in the near term. If oil and gas prices decline in the future, even if only for a short period of time, it is possible that impairments of oil and gas properties could occur. In addition, it is reasonably possible that impairments could occur if costs are incurred in excess of any increases in the present value of future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves, or if properties are sold for proceeds less than the discounted present value of the related proved oil and gas reserves. The Company recorded no ceiling test impairment charges for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

The Company’s payables and accrued liabilities result primarily from the operation of its oil and natural gas properties as well as the administration of the Company. For properties in which the Company is operator, the Company pays 100% of most operating costs, then bills the non-operating partners for their share of the costs. The Company records the Company’s share of these costs in its consolidated statements of operations. Accounts payable are generally due within 30 days of receipt of the invoices by the Company and do not bear any interest. The table below represents the accounts payable and accrued liabilities recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Trade payable	$	216,487	$	1,003,380
Suspense payable		725,727		727,230
Total accounts payable	$	942,214	$	1,730,610

Total accrued liabilities	$	486,590	$	319,327

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are recorded in operating lease right-of-use asset, operating lease liability, current, and operating lease liability, long-term on the consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s lease does not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate used at adoption was 2.37%. Significant judgement is required when determining the incremental borrowing rate. Rent expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Asset retirement obligations

The Company records a liability for asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) associated with its oil and gas wells when the well has been completed. The ARO is recorded at its estimated fair value, measured by the expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the abandonment and restoration discounted at our credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. The corresponding cost is capitalized as an asset and included in the carrying amount of oil and gas properties and is depleted over the useful life of the properties. Subsequently, the ARO liability is accreted to its then-present value.

Inherent in the fair value calculation of an ARO are numerous assumptions and judgments including the ultimate settlement amounts, inflation factors, credit adjusted discount rates, timing of settlement, and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental, and political environments. To the extent future revisions to these assumptions impact the fair value of the existing ARO liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the oil and gas property balance. Settlements greater than or less than amounts accrued as ARO are recorded as a gain or loss upon settlement. This gain or loss is recorded to the oil and gas property balance.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash in accounts with major financial institutions within the United States. The Company’s cash balances can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company places its cash with high credit quality financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.

The Company is subject to credit risk resulting from the concentration of its oil, natural gas and NGL receivables with significant purchasers. For the six months ending June 30, 2025, the Company had no oil sales. A separate purchaser accounted for all of the Company’s natural gas and NGL revenues for the six months ending June 30, 2025, and 2024. For the six months ending June 30, 2024, one purchaser accounted for all of the Company’s oil sales revenues. The Company does not require collateral. While the Company believes its recorded receivables will be collected, in the event of default the Company will follow normal collection procedures. The Company does not believe the loss of either purchaser would materially impact its operating results as oil, natural gas and NGLs are fungible products with a well-established market and numerous purchasers.

Revenue recognition

The Company records revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) which uses a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contract(s) which includes (i) identifying the contract(s) with the customer, (ii) identifying the separate performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (v) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer or the processor of the product. Revenue is measured based on the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products.

Performance obligations and significant judgments

The Company sells oil and natural gas products in the United States through a single reportable segment. The Company enters into contracts that generally include oil, natural gas, helium, and associated liquids in variable quantities and priced based on a specific index related to the type of product.

The oil and natural gas are typically sold in an unprocessed state to processors and other third parties for processing and sale to customers. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of the oil or natural gas passes to the customer or processor, as applicable, discussed below.

The Company sells its oil to a single purchaser under a month-to-month purchase agreement at a price based on an index price from the purchaser. This agreement will continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter unless and until terminated by the Company or the purchaser with a 30-day advance notice. Oil that is produced from the Company’s wells is stored in tank batteries located on the Company’s lease. When the purchaser’s truck connects to the storage tank and oil enters the truck, control of the oil is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized.

The Company sells its natural gas and NGLs to a single purchaser, who is also the processor, under a purchase agreement at a price based on an index price from the purchaser which expired on May 31, 2024. This agreement currently continues on a month-to-month basis unless and until terminated by the Company or the purchaser with a 30-day advance notice. Under our natural gas and NGL contracts with processors, when the unprocessed natural gas is delivered at the sales meter, control of the gas is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized. In the cases where the Company sells to a processor, management has determined that the processors are customers. The Company recognizes the revenue in these contracts based on the net proceeds received from the processor.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company will sell its helium to two purchasers, each purchasing 50% of the helium production under 10-year contracts. One of the contracts will commence upon delivery of gaseous helium production at the tailgate of the processing plant. The other contract will commence upon delivery of liquid helium from the Keyes Helium Company (“Keyes Helium”) liquefaction plant located in Keyes, Oklahoma. When the gaseous helium is loaded into the gaseous helium trailer, control of the helium is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations will be satisfied, and revenue will be recognized. With regards to liquid helium, the Company will transport the gaseous helium to the Keyes Helium liquefaction plant. Once the helium has been liquified and loaded into the liquid helium trailer, control of the helium is transferred to the purchaser, the Company’s obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized.

The Company has no unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of each reporting period.

Management does not believe that significant judgments are required with respect to the determination of the transaction price, including any variable consideration identified. There is a low level of uncertainty due to the precision of measurement and use of index-based pricing adjusted for transportation and other related deductions, which are based on contractual or historical data. Additionally, any variable consideration identified is not constrained.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

	●	Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment;
	●	Level 2 — Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
	●	Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Convertible Note Payable

When the Company issues convertible debt, it first evaluates the balance sheet classification of the convertible instrument in its entirety to determine (1) whether the instrument should be classified as a liability under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and (2) whether the conversion feature should be accounted for separately from the host instrument. A conversion feature of a convertible debt instrument would be separated from the convertible instrument and classified as a derivative liability if the conversion feature, were it a standalone instrument, meets the definition of a “derivative” in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. When a conversion feature meets the definition of an embedded derivative, it would be separated from the host instrument and classified as a derivative liability carried on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with any changes in its fair value recognized currently in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 7 “Notes Payable” for further information.

Warrants

The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity classified by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity (“ASC 480”), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 (“ASC 815”), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. Under ASC 480, warrants are considered liability classified if the warrants are mandatorily redeemable, obligate the Company to settle the warrants or the underlying shares by paying cash or other assets, or warrants that must or may require settlement by issuing a variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480, the Company assesses the requirements under ASC 815, which states that contracts that require or may require the issuer to settle the contract for cash are liabilities recorded at fair value, irrespective of the likelihood of the transaction occurring that triggers the net cash settlement feature. If the warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815, and in order to conclude equity classification, the Company also assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its Common Stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815 or other applicable GAAP. After all relevant assessments, the Company concludes whether the warrants are classified as liability or equity. Liability classified warrants require fair value accounting at issuance and subsequent to initial issuance with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the statements of operations. Equity classified warrants only require fair value accounting at issuance with no changes recognized subsequent to the issuance date.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Related parties

All material related-party transactions are approved by members of the Board of Directors not affiliated with the transactions. These Board members consider the details of each new, existing or proposed related party transaction, including the terms of the transaction, the business purpose of the transaction, and the benefits to the Company and the relevant related party. In determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the following factors are considered: (1) if the terms are fair to the Company, (2) if there are business reasons to enter into the transaction, or (3) if the transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any officer.

Income taxes

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the carrying amounts for income tax purposes and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The amount of deferred taxes on these temporary differences is determined using the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, as applicable, based on tax rates and laws in the respective tax jurisdiction enacted as of the balance sheet date.

The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance based on projected future taxable income, applicable tax strategies and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50 percent) that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $4,248,911 as of June 30, 2025, and $2,487,466 as of December 31, 2024.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based upon the technical merits of the position. If all or a portion of the unrecognized tax benefit is sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, the tax benefit will be recognized as a reduction to the Company’s deferred tax liability and will affect the Company’s effective tax rate in the period it is recognized.

The Company records any tax-related interest charges as interest expense and any tax-related penalties as other expenses in the consolidated statements of operations of which there have been none to date.

The Company is also subject to the Texas Margin Tax. The Company realized no Texas Margin Tax in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as we do not anticipate owing any Texas Margin Tax for the periods presented.

Stock-based compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees, including grants of stock options, to be recognized as expense in the consolidated statements of operations based on their grant date fair values.

The Company periodically issues common stock and common stock options to consultants for various services. Costs of these transactions are measured at the fair value of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Loss Per Share

The Company accounts for net loss per share in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 260 - 10, Earnings Per Share (“ASC 260 - 10”), which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the consolidated statement of operations for all entities with complex capital structures and requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. It excludes the dilutive effects of any potentially issuable common shares. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by including any potentially dilutive share issuances in the denominator. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all potentially dilutive securities were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would be anti - dilutive.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments address more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2024 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense and information used to assess segment performance. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements is required for public entities. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 as of January 1, 2024. Adoption of the ASU did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires public business entities to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is still evaluating the effect of the adoption of this guidance.

NOTE 3: RECAPITALIZATION

As discussed in Note 1, “Organization and Basis of Presentation,” on December 6, 2024, the Company completed the Business Combination contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement dated January 3, 2024, by and among ROCL, the Merger Sub, and NEW ERA.

At the Closing, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and after giving effect to the redemption of shares of ROCL common stock:

The total consideration paid at the Closing (the “Merger Consideration”) by ROCL to New Era Helium Corp. security holders was 8,916,625 shares of common stock of Holdings.

Each share of Merger Sub common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Merger Sub Common Stock”), issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) was converted into one newly issued share of the Company’s common stock.

Following the filing of the Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, ROCL merged with and into Holdings, with Holdings as the surviving company of the Initial Merger. Following the filing of the Articles of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, Merger Sub merged with and into with New Era Helium Corp. as the surviving corporation of the Business Combination, effective December 6, 2024. Thus, New Era Helium Corp. became a wholly owned subsidiary of ROCL. In connection with the Business Combination, Holdings changed its name to “New Era Helium, Inc.”

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Although ROCL was the legal acquirer of NEW ERA in the merger, NEW ERA is deemed to be the accounting acquirer, and the historical financial statements of NEW ERA became the basis for the historical financial statements of the Company upon the closing of the merger. NEW ERA was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on an evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

●

NEW ERA’s current shareholders have a majority of the voting power in the combined company;

●

NEW ERA’s existing stockholders have the ability to control decisions regarding election and removal of directors and officers of the combined company;

●

NEW ERA is the larger entity in terms of substantive operations and employee base;

●

NEW ERA comprises the ongoing operations of the combined company;

●

NEW ERA’s existing senior management is the senior management of the combined company.

In accordance with the guidance applicable to these circumstances, the equity structure has been restated in all comparable periods up to December 6, 2024, to reflect the number of shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued to NEW ERA’s stockholders in connection with the merger. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share related to NEW ERA’s common stock prior to the merger have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the merger.

The number of shares of Common Stock issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination were:

ROCL common stock outstanding prior to the Business Combination	11,500,000
Less: Redemption of ROCL common stock	(11,162,973	)
ROCL common stock	337,027
ROCL founder shares outstanding	2,325,000
ROCL private shares outstanding	461,500
Shares issued to advisors	1,125,000
Business combination shares	4,248,527
NEW ERA shares	8,916,625
Common stock immediately after the Business Combination	13,165,152

The number of NEW ERA shares was determined as follows:

			NEW ERA Shares
			after
	NEW ERA Shares		Conversion Ratio
Common stock		8,623,205		8,916,625

Public and private placement warrants

The 5,750,000 Public Warrants issued at the time of ROCL’s initial public offering and the 230,750 warrants issued in connection with the private placement at the time of ROCL’s initial public offering (the “Private Placement Warrants”) remained outstanding and became warrants for the Company (See Note 12 EQUITY).

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Redemption

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, certain ROCL public stockholders exercised their right to redeem certain of their outstanding shares for cash, resulting in the redemption of 11,162,973 shares of ROCL common stock for an aggregate payment of $117,044,333.

NOTE 4: PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

The following table presents the components of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of the dates indicated:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Retainer for workover rigs	$	240,000	$	240,000
Prepaid insurance		260,849		575,498
Prepaid expense		81,003		3,444
Prepaid taxes		133,198		133,198
Security deposit		5,050		5,050
Other		9,986		9,986
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets- current	$	730,086	$	967,176

Retainer for workover rigs		240,000		360,000
Total prepaid expenses-noncurrent	$	240,000	$	360,000

NOTE 5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The Company will record depreciation expense for the processing plant over its estimated useful life.

Depreciation for the processing plant will commence once the processing plant is placed into service. The Company records depreciation expense for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures over a useful life of five years. The Company records depreciation expense for leasehold improvement over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the underlying terms of the associated leases.

	June 30,			December 31,
	2025			2024
Processing plant under construction – cost	$	4,466,736		$	3,791,736
Computer equipment – cost		30,020			9,820
Field equipment – cost		107,347			—
Furniture and fixtures – cost		22,101			22,101
Leasehold improvements – cost		23,005			23,006
Total – cost		4,649,209			3,846,663

Processing plant under construction – accumulated depreciation		—			—
Computer equipment – accumulated depreciation		(9,876	)		(6,874	)
Field equipment – accumulated depreciation		—			—
Furniture and fixtures – accumulated depreciation		(18,481	)		(16,271	)
Leasehold improvements – accumulated depreciation		(21,943	)		(13,776	)
Total – accumulated depreciation		(50,300	)		(36,921	)

Processing plant under construction – net		4,466,736			3,791,736
Computer equipment – net		20,144			2,946
Field equipment – net		107,347			—
Furniture and fixtures – net		3,620			5,830
Leasehold improvements – net		1,062			9,230
Total Property, plant and equipment, net	$	4,598,909		$	3,809,742

The Company recorded depreciation expense in the amounts of $13,379 and $5,493 during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 6. OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES

	June 30,			December 31,
	2025			2024
Evaluated oil and natural gas properties – cost	$	6,933,071		$	6,933,071
Accumulated depletion and impairment		(6,450,162	)		(6,142,978	)
Oil and natural gas properties, net	$	482,909		$	790,093

The Company had no unevaluated properties at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company recorded depletion expense in the amounts of $307,184 and $403,183 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no ceiling test impairments recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

NOTE 7. NOTES PAYABLE

AirLife Note Payable

On August 25, 2023, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary NEH Midstream, LLC., entered into a Promissory Note (“AirLife Note”) with AirLife Gases USA Inc. (“AirLife”). Under the AirLife Note, NEH Midstream agreed to pay AirLife the principal sum of $2,000,000 or such lesser amount as shall equal the outstanding principal amount of the Advance made to NEH Midstream by AirLife. The entire balance will be due on the earlier of (i) the date that is 18 months after the commencement date as defined the Purchase and Sale Agreement between NEH Midstream and AirLife dated August 25, 2023, or (ii) May 30, 2027. Interest shall accrue at 0.0211%, compounded daily, equivalent to an annual interest rate of 8%, commencing on the date the advance was made and continuing until repaid. The Company’s interest in certain oil and natural gas properties, included within the Oil and natural gas properties, net (full cost) balance on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are pledged as collateral for the AirLife Note. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount outstanding under the AirLife Note, including accrued interest of $304,153 and $217,823, respectively, and were $2,304,153 and $2,217,823, respectively, and the June 30, 2025 balance was recorded as Notes payable – current and the December 31, 2024 balance was recorded as Notes payable – noncurrent on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, if the Purchase Agreement is terminated due to delay of the November 30, 2025 Commencement Date, succession of plant operations or early termination of the Purchase Agreement, the Company will be required to pay the total amount of remaining monthly installments of the AirLife Note within five (5) days of the date of such termination. (See Note 14)

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (“EPFA”) and Convertible Notes

On December 6, 2024, following the closing of the Business Combination, the Company and an institutional investor (the “EPFA Investor”) entered into an Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “EPFA”). Pursuant to the EPFA, the Company has the right to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must purchase from the Company, up to an aggregate of $75 million (the “Commitment Amount”) in newly issued shares (the “Advance Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. The Company may issue up to 866,873 Advance Shares assuming a purchase price of $8.075 per Advance Share.

The EFPA provides for the issuance of two pre-paid advances in the aggregate amount of $10 million, the first pre-paid advance in the amount of $7 million and the second pre-paid advance in the amount of $3 million, each of which to be evidenced by a senior secured convertible promissory note (“the Notes”), which is convertible into shares of Common Stock. The Notes are secured by all assets of the Company. The Note for the First Pre-Paid Advance is initially convertible into 770,000 shares of Common Stock, assuming a conversion price of $10 and no accrued and unpaid interest. The Second Pre-Paid Advance Note will be initially convertible into 330,000 shares of Common Stock, assuming a conversion price of $10 and no accrued and unpaid interest.

The proceeds from the Second Pre-Paid Advance Note and sale of Advance Shares are expected to be used by the Company first to pay the then monthly payment on any outstanding Notes and then the remainder would be utilized for working capital. Pursuant to the terms of the EPFA, the Company is required to hold a special meeting of stockholders no later than ninety (90) calendar days following December 6, 2024 to seek approval of (i) the issuance of all of the shares of Common Stock that may be issuable pursuant to the Notes and the EPFA in compliance with the rules and regulations of Nasdaq and (ii) an amendment to the Company’s articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock of the Company to 250,000,000. At any time until the EPFA is terminated, the Company, in its sole discretion, has the right, but not the obligation, to issue and sell to the EPFA Investor, and the EPFA Investor must subscribe for and purchase from the Company, Advance Shares.

The price per Advance Share will be determined by multiplying the market price by 95% in respect of an Advance Notice, which shall be reduced by one-third (1/3rd) for each Excluded Day Purchase Price (as defined in the EPFA), which is not known at the time an Advance Notice is delivered but shall be determined on each closing based on the daily prices of the Advance Shares that are the inputs to the determination of the purchase price.

While the Convertible Notes are outstanding, the Company cannot issue, sell, grant, or otherwise dispose of any securities, or enter into any agreement or arrangement to do so, at a price per security less than 120% of $2.00 per share of Common Stock (the “EPFA Floor Price”) on such date, or otherwise provide rights to acquire securities at an effective price per security below 120% of the EPFA Floor Price unless the Company uses the proceeds of such transaction to fully redeem such outstanding Notes.

Until the termination of the EPFA, the Company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $500,000.

The Company reviewed the EFPA and determined that it should be recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of operations (See Note 16).

As an inducement to entering into the EPFA, a designee of the EPFA Investor received 550,000 shares of ROCL and such shares were converted into 550,000 shares of Common Stock in connection with Business Combination.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note

Each Convertible Note provides for a 7% original issue discount and is for a term of 15 months. Commencing on the ninetieth (90th) day following the applicable Issuance Date and continuing on the same day of each successive calendar month until the entire outstanding principal amount has been repaid, the Company is required to make monthly payments to the holder of the Note (the “Holder”). Each monthly payment will be in an amount equal to the sum of (i) one twelfth (1/12) of the initial aggregate principal of the Note and all other notes issued pursuant to the EPFA, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid under the Note as of each payment date. Interest accrues on the outstanding principal balance at an initial annual rate equal to 10% (“Interest Rate”), which Interest Rate will increase to an annual rate of 18% upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Note).

On December 6, 2024, the Company drew the first prepaid advance of $7,000,000, net of an original issue discount of $490,000 and debt issuance costs of $5,048,574.

On January 16, 2025, following the effectiveness of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, on December 30, 2024, the Company issued another Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Subsequent Note”) to the Investor in an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 million for an aggregate purchase price of $2.79 million after giving effect to a 7% original issue discount of $210,000 and debt issuance costs of $347,195. The Subsequent Note is for a term of 15 months from the Issuance Date.

The outstanding balance on the Convertible Note and the Subsequent Note, net of debt discount, as of December 31, 2024 was $2,233,712.

Amendment to Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note

On May 5, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into two amendments to the Promissory Notes, an amendment to the Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note dated December 6, 2024 (the “First Amendment”) and an amendment to the Subsequent Note dated January 16, 2025 (the “Second Amendment”) which, among other things, provides that the Company may elect to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Investor in May 2025, June 2025, or July 2025 until on or before the Maturity Date of the respective Promissory Note in exchange for the payment of a deferral fee (the “Deferral Fee”) equal to 2.0% of the outstanding Principal on each of the Promissory Notes payable monthly until the deferred principal payments are paid in full. The Deferral Fee is payable 50% in cash and 50% as an addition to the outstanding Principal amount on the applicable payment date. The Company elected to defer the principal portion of the monthly payments that are due to the Investor in May 2025, June 2025, and July 2025. The deferral fees were recognized as an additional debt discount of $520,167.

The Company has evaluated the First and Second Amendment and as the effective borrowing rate under the restructured agreements are less than the effective annual interest rate on the old agreements, a concession is deemed to have been granted under ASC 470-60-55-10. As a concession has been granted, the agreements were accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) by debtors under ASC 470-60.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded $2,344,697of amortization of the debt discount in the consolidated statement of operations. The unamortized debt discount is expected to be amortized over the next 10 months. As of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the accrued interest on the Convertible Note in the consolidated balance sheets was $44,996 and $49,863, respectively. The outstanding balance on the Amended Notes, net of debt discount, as of June 30, 2025, was $5,256,904.

Conversion Rights

Each Note is convertible into shares of Common Stock at the option of the Investor at an initial conversion price of $10.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). If the Company sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase any shares of Common Stock or any other securities that are at any time convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, at an effective price per share less than the Conversion Price of the Note then in effect, the Conversion Price will be reduced to equal the effective price per share in such dilutive issuance. The Conversion Price is also subject to a downward adjustment if an Event of Default occurs. The Conversion Price is subject to an initial floor price of $2.00 per share of Common Stock, however beginning on the effective date of the initial Registration Statement, and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the floor price will be reduced to 20% of the average volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such trading day on the primary market of the Common Stock during regular trading hours as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (the “VWAP”) during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Additionally, the Company may reduce the floor price to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Holder, provided that any such reduction will be irrevocable and will not be subject to increase thereafter. The Company may prepay the Note at its option, upon thirty (30) business days written notice, by paying a 10% redemption premium.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company reviewed the conversion option and determined that the scope exception within ASC 815-10-15-74 (a) is met and the conversion option is not required to be bifurcated and accounted for as an embedded derivative under ASC 815.

Event of Default Conversion

From and after the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Holder may elect to convert the Note into shares of the Common Stock at the “Event of Default Conversion Price”, which is equal to the lower of the Conversion Price then in effect; and 90% of the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days immediately prior to the date on which we received written notice of such conversion from such holder, subject to the Floor Price.

The Company reviewed the Event of Default feature under ASC 815-15 and determined that the default interest feature is considered an embedded derivative that should be bifurcated from the host instrument requiring fair value accounting at issuance with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the consolidated statement of operations (See Note 16).

Limitations on Conversion

A Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of the Note to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, the Holder (together with its related parties) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of shares of the Company Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. The Maximum Percentage may be raised or lowered to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, at the option of the Holder, except that any increase will only be effective upon 61 days’ prior written notice to us.

Redemption Rights

At any time, the Company may redeem in cash all, or any portion, of the Note, in an amount equal to the outstanding principal balance being redeemed, plus a 10% premium in respect of such principal amount, plus all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on such principal amount.

Security Agreement

Also, on December 6, 2024, the Company, each of its subsidiaries (each, a “Grantor”), and the Investor, entered into a Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) with respect to the Notes. Pursuant to the Security Agreement, each Grantor granted a security interest in such Grantor’s right, title and interest in and to each type of property described in the Security Agreement, (collectively, the “Collateral”), including, but not limited to the Company’s Equipment, Inventory, Receivables, Related Contracts, Pledged Debt, Investment Property, Pledged Stock and Account Collateral. The Collateral secures and will secure all debts, obligations, liabilities, covenants and duties of every kind owed at any time to the Secured Parties by the Grantors under the Purchase Agreement, the Notes, the Guarantee and/or each other Transaction Document.

Subsidiary Guarantee

Also, on December 6, 2024, each of the Company’s subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) executed a guarantee agreement (the “Subsidiary Guarantee”), whereby each such Guarantor guaranteed to the EPFA Investor the prompt and full payment and performance of the Guaranteed Obligations of the Company under and pursuant to the Security Agreement.

Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement

On February 21, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into an Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “A&R EPFA”), which amends and restates the Existing EPFA in its entirety. Capitalized terms used herein and not defined herein have the meanings ascribed thereto in the A&R EPFA.

The A&R EPFA provides, among other things, that for so long as any amount remains outstanding under the Promissory Notes, if the Company submits an Advance Notice (as defined in the A&R EPFA), then the aggregate purchase price owed to the Company from such Advance Notice (the “Advance Proceeds”) shall be paid by the Investor to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of the A&R EPFA; provided, however, that any such Advance Notice that is submitted during any thirty (30) calendar day period preceding the date on which the Company is required to make a monthly payment pursuant to Sections 1(b) and 1(d) of the Promissory Notes (each such payment, a “Note Payment”), then without the prior written consent of the Investor, the Company may only submit such Advance Notice, if the Advance Proceeds are paid by the Investor by offsetting the amount of the Advance Proceeds against the full amount of the applicable Note Payment (first towards accrued and unpaid interest, then towards Payment Premiums (as defined in the Promissory Notes) (if applicable), and then towards outstanding principal), with any remaining Advance Proceeds to be paid by the Investor in cash to the Company and used by the Company in accordance with Section 7.15 of the A&R EPFA. Furthermore, if there is any default under the Promissory Notes, the Company may only submit an Advance Notice with the prior consent of the Investor.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Under the terms of the A&R EPFA, the price per Advance Share (as defined in the A&R EPFA) is set at the product obtained by multiplying the market price by 95%. In the event of a Regular Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the A&R EPFA), the Company may elect to set the minimum price per Advance Share (the “Minimum Acceptable Price”) for such Advance Notice, however, if no Minimum Acceptable Price is selected, the Minimum Acceptable Price will automatically be set at a price equal to the Floor Price (as defined in the A&R EPFA) then in effect multiplied by 105.3%. In the event of an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period (as defined in the A&R EPFA), the Minimum Acceptable Price shall always equal the Floor Price then in effect multiplied by 105.3%. Each trading day during a Pricing Period (as defined in the A&R EPFA) that is an Excluded Day (as defined in the A&R EPFA), shall result in an automatic reduction to the number of Advance Shares set forth in such Advance Notice by (i) in the event of a Regular Purchase Pricing Period, one-third for each such Excluded Day, (ii) in the event of an Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period, (A) with respect to an Equity Condition Excluded Day (as defined in the A&R EPFA), 100% or (B) with respect to a MAP Excluded Day (as defined in the A&R EPFA), 16% for each MAP Event (as defined in the A&R EPFA) in the applicable Accelerated Purchase Pricing Period. The A&R EPFA also provides that in no event may the Purchase Price be lower than the Floor Price then in effect and the Company may not submit an Advance Notice, without the consent of the Investor, if the market price of the Company’s common stock immediately prior to submission is lower than 120% of the Floor Price then in effect.

Pursuant to the terms of the A&R EPFA, the Floor Price is currently set at $0.7176 per Common Share, which is equal to 20% of the average five-day VWAP of the Common Shares on January 15, 2025, which is the date the Company’s resale registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective. The A&R EPFA further provides that, beginning on July 15, 2025 and on the same day of every six (6) months thereafter (each, a “Floor Price Reset Date”), the Floor Price shall be adjusted (downwards only) to 20% of the average VWAP of the common stock during the five (5) trading days immediately prior to such Floor Price Reset Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing and subject to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, the Company may reduce the Floor Price then in effect to any amount set forth in a written notice to the Investor; provided that such reduction shall be irrevocable and shall not be subject to increase thereafter.

The table below summarizes the outstanding notes payable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, including the effects of discounts and debt issuance costs:

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Current
Convertible note due 2026		8,755,858			7,000,000
Discounts, net (1)		(826,205	)		(462,602	)
Debt issuance costs, net (2)		(2,672,749	)		(4,303,686	)
Total, convertible note		5,256,904			2,233,712

Airlife Note – principal		2,000,000			—
Airlife Note – accrued interest		304,153			—
Total, Airlife Note		2,304,153			—
Total notes payable – current	$	7,561,057		$	2,233,712

Noncurrent
AirLife Note – principal	$	—		$	2,000,000
AirLife Note – accrued interest		—			217,823
Notes payable – noncurrent	$	—		$	2,217,823

(1)	Discounts as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of $1,220,167 and $490,000, respectively, in discounts less accumulated amortization of $393,692 and $27,398, respectively.

(2)	Debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, consisted of $4,905,768 and $4,558,574, respectively, in debt issuance costs less accumulated amortization of $2,233,019 and $254,888.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below presents the disaggregation of interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2025		June 30, 2025
Contractual interest expense	$	331,736	$	613,411
Debt discount amortization		203,096		393,962
Debt issuance cost amortization		981,154		1,950,735
Total	$	1,515,986	$	2,958,108

NOTE 8. LEASE LIABILITIES

The Company currently occupies office space in Midland, Texas and Hermosa Beach, California under a month - to - month arrangement. The Company is reviewing its options regarding continued use of these office spaces and will continue to expense the cost to use these offices. On July 31, 2025, the Company provided notice to vacate the Hermosa Beach office no later than August 29, 2025.

There are no future minimum rental payments required under operating leases as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

NOTE 9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Balance outstanding of related parties:

Name of Party	Receivable / Payable	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Mike Rugen	Payable (reimbursable business expenses)	$	—	$	1,354
Total	Payable	$	—	$	1,354

NOTE 10: OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

The following table presents the components of other current liabilities as of the dates indicated:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Royalty payable – ONRR	$	52,557	$	27,896
Installment agreement – ONRR		—		19,681
Total other current liabilities	$	52,557	$	47,577

NOTE 11. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

The Company has a number of oil and gas wells in production and will have AROs that will be settled once the wells are permanently removed from service. The primary obligations involve the removal and disposal of surface equipment, plugging and abandoning the wells and site restoration.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

AROs associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets are recognized as liabilities with an increase to the carrying amounts of the related long-lived assets in the period incurred. The fair value of AROs is recognized at the date a new well is completed or the acquisition date of the working interest. The cost of the tangible asset, including the asset retirement cost, is depleted over the life of the asset. AROs are recorded at estimated fair value, measured by reference to the expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the retirement obligations discounted at the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. Accretion expense is recognized over time as the discounted liabilities are accreted to their expected settlement value. If estimated future costs of AROs change, an adjustment is recorded to both the ARO and the long-lived asset. Revisions to estimated AROs can result from changes in retirement cost estimates including revisions to estimated inflation rates, revisions to estimated discount rates and changes in the estimated timing of abandonment. The Company used the following inputs in its calculation of its asset retirement obligations.

	Six Months Ended			Year Ended
	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Inflation rate		3.042	%		3.873	%
Discount factor		10.0	%		10.0	%
Estimated asset life		3.50 – 49.50 Years			4 – 50 years

The following table shows the change in the Company’s ARO liability for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024:

Asset retirement obligations, December 31, 2023	$	1,654,968
Liabilities sold		(26,780	)
Liabilities settled		(28,087	)
Change in estimated		435,067
Accretion expense		162,896
Asset retirement obligations, December 31, 2024	$	2,198,064

Asset retirement obligations, December 31, 2024	$	2,198,064
Accretion expense		109,864
Asset retirement obligations, June 30, 2025	$	2,307,928

NOTE 12. EQUITY

Reorganization Agreement and Plan Share Exchange and Issuance of Shares

Preferred stock - The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Common stock - The Company is authorized to issue 245,000,000 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2025 and 70,000,000 shares of common stock as of December 31, 2024 with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 25,656,628 shares and 13,165,152 shares issued and 25,482,270 shares and 12,990,794 shares outstanding, respectively. Each share of Common Stock has one vote and has similar rights and obligations.

Share Issuances

The Company issued the following shares under the EPFA:

●

800,000 shares issued on January 22, 2025, at approximately $2.64 per share for an aggregate of $2,112,800.

●

15,000 shares issued on January 31, 2025, at approximately $2.67 per share for an aggregate of $40,042.

●

20,000 shares issued on February 25, 2025, at approximately $2.28 per share for an aggregate amount of $45,600.

●

523,257 shares issued during April 2025, at a weighted average price of approximately $0.82 per share for an aggregate amount of $429,849.

●

1,181,026 shares issued during May 2025, at a weighted average price of approximately $0.56 per share for an aggregate amount of $ $658,406.

●

9,827,193 shares issued during June 2025, at a weighted average price of approximately $0.52 per share for an aggregate amount of $5,127,096.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company also issued 125,000 shares on February 6, 2025. These shares were approved by the Board of Directors on January 14, 2025, related to work performed during 2024.

Amendment to Equity Purchase Facility Agreement

On May 5, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into the Second Amendment and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (this “Agreement”). This Agreement amends the Equity Purchase Facility Agreement dated December 6, 2024 (the “Original Agreement”), as amended and restated on February 21, 2025 (the “Existing Agreement”).

The Second A&R EPFA, among other things, removes the prohibition in the Existing EPFA from the Company selling shares to the Investor pursuant to an Advance Notice at a sales price below the Floor Price then in effect; however, the Company is still required to obtain the Investor’s consent prior to issuing an Advance Notice where the sales price is lower than 120% of the Floor Price then in effect. The Second A&R EPFA also removed the concept of the Minimum Acceptable Price (as defined in the Existing EPFA) and includes other conforming and administrative changes.

Warrants – As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there are 5,750,000 Public Warrants and 230,750 Private Warrants outstanding. Each warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share.

Also, on December 6, 2024, the Company and an institutional investor (the “Warrant Investor”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Warrant Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the Investor warrants to purchase up to $30,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Shares”) comprised of two tranches, (a) a warrant to purchase up to $10,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “First Tranche Warrant”) and (b) a warrant to purchase up to $20,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Second Tranche Warrant” and together with the First Tranche Warrant, the “December PP Warrants”). The December PP Warrants may be exercised on any day on or after December 6, 2024, in whole or in part at an initial exercise price of $10.00 per share (the “Exercise Price”), subject to certain adjustments as provided in the applicable Warrant. The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of First Tranche Warrant is equal to the quotient of (i) the product of (x) $10 million minus any amount previously paid to exercise the Warrants and (y) multiplied by 110%, and (ii) divided by the Exercise Price then in effect. Currently, the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the First Tranche Warrant is equal to 1,100,000, assuming an Exercise Price of $10. The number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of Second Tranche Warrant is equal to 2,140,000, subject to certain adjustments.

The Company has analyzed the Public Warrants, Private Warrants, and December PP Warrants and determined they are considered to be freestanding instruments and do not exhibit any of the characteristics in ASC 480 and therefore are not classified as liabilities under ASC 480 or ASC 815.

NOTE 13. LOSS PER SHARE

The Company calculated net loss per share using the treasury stock method. The table below sets for the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the period presented below.

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net loss	$	(3,606,004	)	$	(1,089,759	)	$	(6,926,260	)	$	(1,948,791	)
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		16,904,066			6,425,375			15,390,821			6,425,375
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		—			—			—			—
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		16,904,066			6,425,375			15,390,821			6,425,375
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.45	)	$	(0.30	)

NOTE 14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Environmental Matters

The Company, as a lessee of oil and gas properties, is subject to various federal, provincial, state and local laws and regulations relating to discharge of materials into, and protection of, the environment. These laws and regulations may, among other things, impose liability on the lessee under an oil and gas lease for the cost of pollution clean-up resulting from operations and subject the lessee to liability for pollution damages. In some instances, the Company may be directed to suspend or cease operations in the affected area. There can be no assurance, however, that current regulatory requirements will not change, or past noncompliance with environmental laws will not be discovered on the Company’s properties.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Irrevocable Standby Letter of Credit and Promissory Note

On September 24, 2020, the Company entered into an irrevocable standby letter of credit (“LOC”) and a promissory note with West Texas National Bank in the amount of $25,000 with variable interest initially of 4.25% per annum and maturing on December 24, 2021. No amount was drawn down under this LOC up to the date it was amended on October 29, 2021.

On October 29, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of the LOC a new promissory note, increasing the amount to $425,000 with variable interest initially of 4.25% per annum and maturing on September 29, 2025. On January 1, 2022, and March 29, 2022, the LOC was amended, and new promissory notes were executed increasing the amount to $650,000 and $920,000, respectively. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no amount was drawn down under the LOC.

Limited Liability Company Agreement

On January 21, 2025, the Company entered into a Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) with SharonAI for the creation of Texas Critical Data Centers LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and joint venture of the Company and SharonAI (the “Joint Venture”). Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the purpose of the Joint Venture is to engage in (i) the purchase, building, and development of a site in Texas with an initial 250 MW gas-fired power plant and corresponding data center, and (ii) the operation of this site and (iii) any and all lawful activities necessary or incidental thereto.

Each of the Company and SharonAI will contribute $75,000 to the Joint Venture and have a 50% membership interest in the Joint Venture, constituting the initial members of the Joint Venture. So long as a Member holds a membership interest in the Joint Venture, such Member may not withdraw or resign as a member prior to the dissolution and winding up of the Joint Venture, and any such withdrawal or resignation or attempted withdrawal or resignation will be null and void. Members are required to make additional capital contributions (each, an “Additional Capital Contribution”) as set forth in the LLC Agreement, and failure to make Additional Capital Contributions in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement entitle the non-defaulting Member to institute proceedings against the non-contributing Member (“Non-Contributing Member”), purchase such Non-Contributing Member’s membership interest, or force a sale of such Non-Contributing Member’s membership interest. No Member may transfer all or any portion of its membership interest without the written consent of the other Member unless such transfer is made pursuant to a Non-Contributing Member’s failure to make Additional Capital Contributions as set forth in the LLC Agreement. New Members of the Joint Venture may be admitted from time to time pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement. No real or personal property of the Joint Venture will be deemed to be owned by any of its Members individually and will be owned by, and title will be vested solely in, the Joint Venture. Each fiscal year, net income and net loss will be allocated amongst the Members pro rata in accordance with their membership interests in the Joint Venture. Distributions of the Joint Venture, following allowance for payment of Joint Venture obligations then due and payable, will be made to the members on at least a quarterly basis (unless the Board and members unanimously agree otherwise), pro rata in accordance with the Members’ percentage interests in the Joint Venture.

The Company made a $75,000 contribution to the Joint Venture on April 16, 2025. On July 16, 2025, the Company made an additional contribution of $750,000.

The Company reviewed the LLC Agreement under ASC 323 - Equity Method and Joint Ventures and determined that the LLC Agreement meets the definition of a joint venture. The Company further reviewed the LLC Agreement under ASC 810 – Consolidation and determined that the LLC Agreement does not meet the definition of a variable interest entity since the joint venture does not have sufficient equity at risk. The Company follows the equity method accounting for its investment in the joint venture.

Contract for Sale and Purchase of Liquid Helium

On August 25, 2023, (the “Effective Date”) the Company entered into an agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with AirLife Gases USA Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Buyer”). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company intends to transport a portion of its gaseous helium production to a helium liquefaction plant located in Keyes, Oklahoma (the “Tolling Facility”) and the Buyer desires to purchase a portion of the gaseous helium produced by the Company. The term of the Purchase Agreement commenced on the Effective Date and will expire on the tenth (10th anniversary) of the first day of the month in which the Company’s third-party tolling provider completes filling the first container with liquid helium for delivery to the Buyer at the Tolling Facility (the “Commencement Date”). If the Commencement Date has not occurred by November 30, 2025, for any reason, the Buyer has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 15: REVENUES

The following table presents the revenue by type as of the dates indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Natural gas	$	591,188		$	198,375		$	1,273,349		$	708,109
Less gathering and processing		(445,649	)		(220,666	)		(847,746	)		(522,800	)
Natural gas, net		145,539			(22,291	)		425,603			185,309
NGL		63,575			73,630			109,966			139,679
Oil		—			(30,962	)		—			24,600
Total Revenue, net	$	209,114		$	20,377		$	535,569		$	349,588

NOTE 16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company accounts for certain liabilities at fair value and classifies these liabilities with the fair value hierarchy. Our asset retirement obligation liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Assets, liabilities, and expenses subject to fair value measurements are as follows:

June 30, 2025	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Asset:
Equity facility derivative asset	$	—	$	—	$	158,255	$	158,255

Liability:
ARO liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	2,307,928	$	2,307,928
Embedded derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	480,490	$	480,490

December 31, 2024		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Asset:
Equity facility derivative asset	$	—	$	—	$	16,999	$	16,999

Liabilities:
ARO liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	2,198,064	$	2,198,064
Embedded derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	309,181	$	309,181

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, prepaid and other current assets, due from related parties, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, due to related party, and other current liabilities, as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets, approximate fair value, due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of notes payable approximates their fair value due to immaterial changes in market interest rates.

The equity facility derivative asset and the embedded derivative liability were valued using a Monte Carlo model.

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurements for the embedded derivative liability and equity facility asset at initial measurement at December 6, 2024, January 15, 2025, and at June 30, 2025.

				Embedded			Embedded						Equity Facility
	Equity Facility			Derivative Liability			Derivative Liability			Embedded Derivative			Facility Derivative			Embedded Derivative
	Derivative Asset June 30, 2025			June 30, 2025 (December Note)			June 30, 2025 (January Note)			Liability January 15, 2025 (Initial Measurement)			Asset December 6, 2024 (Initial Measurement)			Liability December 6, 2024 (Initial Measurement)
Conversion price	$	—		$	10.00		$	10.00		$	10.00		$	—		$	10.00
Share price	$	0.49		$	0.49		$	0.49		$	3.00		$	9.88		$	9.88
Volatility		96.0	%		71.0	%		69.0	%		32.0	%		29.0	%		28.0	%
Probability of default		—			32.52	%		32.80	%		41.0	%		—			41.0	%
Risk-free rate		4.32	%		4.08	%		4.03	%		4.12	%		4.23	%		4.08	%
Dividend yield		—			—			—			—			—			—

The following table presents the changes in the fair value of Level 3 embedded derivative liabilities and equity facility derivative asset:

				Equity
	Embedded			Facility
	Derivative Liabilities			Derivative Asset
Fair value as of January 1, 2025	$	309,181		$	16,999
Initial fair value as of January 15, 2025		263,012			—
Change in valuation inputs or other assumptions		(91,703	)		141,256
Fair value as of June 30, 2025	$	480,490		$	158,255

NOTE 17. SEGMENTATION

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer who reviews the assets, liabilities, operating results, and financial metrics for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that there is only one reportable segment which is the development, exploration and production of natural gas, helium, NGLs and oil.

The CODM assesses performance for the single segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income or loss that also is reported on the statement of operations as net income or loss. The measure of segment assets and liabilities is reported on the balance sheet as total assets and total liabilities. When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation, the CODM reviews several key metrics included in net income or loss, total assets and total liabilities, which include the following:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,199,825	$	1,053,744
Property and equipment, net		4,598,909		3,809,742
Oil and natural gas properties		482,909		790,093

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue, net	$	209,114	$	20,377	$	535,569	$	349,588
Lease operating expenses		308,385		225,368		568,865		728,927
General and administrative expenses		1,532,520		1,043,122		3,469,174		1,788,186

New Era Energy & Digital, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

As previously reported, the Company, and E. Will Gray, II, its Chief Executive Officer, are parties to that certain Employment Agreement dated as of April 15, 2024 (the “Agreement”). On July 16, 2025, NEW ERA and the Executive entered into an amendment to the Agreement (the “Amendment”) to provide for, among other things, the reimbursement of certain relocation expenses and housing expenses for the Executive.

On July 2, 2025, Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. terminated its Gaseous Helium Agreement with the Company. This termination was a result of the Pecos Slope Plant not commencing operation as of July 1, 2025.

On July 2, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the issuance of 1,213,643 share of common stock and options to purchase 765,000 shares of common stock.

On of July 10, 2025, the Company has issued and sold an aggregate of 12,788,741 Shares for gross proceeds of approximately $8,588,625 under the Existing EPFA.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) into law. The OBBBA includes, among other things, a permanent extension of 100% bonus depreciation for certain capital expenditures and modifications to the interest expense limitation under Section 163(j). In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the effects of the tax law are recognized in the period of enactment and therefore not reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company is evaluating the potential tax impacts of the OBBBA on the consolidated financial statements.

On July 10, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into a Third Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “Third A&R EPFA”), which amends and restates the Existing EPFA in its entirety.

On August 12, 2025, the Company and the Investor entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Equity Purchase Facility Agreement (the “Fourth A&R EPFA”), which amends and restates the Third EPFA in its entirety. Pursuant to the Fourth A&R EPFA, we have the right, and not the obligation, to sell to the Investor up to $1.0 billion of Common Stock, which was increased from $75.0 million, at our request during the commitment period commencing on December 6, 2024 and terminating on the first day of the month following the 36 month anniversary of December 6, 2024.

On July 17, 2025, Texas Critical Data Centers LLC (“TCDC”), a joint venture between the Company, and Sharon AI, Inc., executed a purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Odessa Industrial Development Corporation d/b/a Grow Odessa, a Texas nonprofit corporation, with respect to the purchase by TCDC of approximately 235 acres in Ector County, Texas for a 250MW AI and HPC data center campus planned by TCDC. The closing of the transaction occurred on July 25, 2025.

On August 11, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company’s name from New Era Helium Inc. to New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. effective as of August 13, 2025. In connection with the name change, the Company’s trading symbol was changed from “NEHI” to “NUAI” for common stock and “NHECW” to ‘NUAIW” for warrants on August 13, 2025. The name change became effective upon the filing of a Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “ECD,” “we”, “us”, “our”, and the “Company” are intended to refer to (i) following the Business Combination (as defined below), the business and operations of New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) prior to the Business Combination, New Era Energy & Digital, Inc. (the predecessor entity in existence prior to the consummation of the Business Combination) and its consolidated subsidiary.

Business Overview and Strategy

NEW ERA is a corporation formed in Nevada on February 2, 2023. It is an exploration and production company whose primary operations include the exploration, development, and production of helium, natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids. The Company sources helium produced in association with natural gas reserves located in Chaves County, New Mexico. To date, we have not generated any revenue from the production of helium. Although hydrocarbons are currently the Company’s primary source of revenues, our business model is moving from a hydrocarbon focus to a helium-focused model and centers on providing helium to various parties in the supply chain, namely helium refiners, non- refiners, Tier 1 multinational distributors, and smaller Tier 2 gas companies. We currently own and operate 137,000 acres in Southeast New Mexico and have 85,498 MMcfe of proved hydrocarbon reserves and 166,430 MMcfe of probable hydrocarbon reserves. In addition, the Company has approximately 422 MMcf of net proved undeveloped helium reserves and 788 MMcf of net probable undeveloped helium reserves.

On February 6, 2023, the Company entered into the Agreement with Solis Partners. Immediately prior to February 6, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue 190 million shares of common stock with par value of $0.001 per share and 10 million shares of preferred stock with par value of $0.001 per share. Subject to the terms of the Agreement, all issued and outstanding member interests in Solis Partners was automatically converted and exchanged for 5 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Presently, we operate through two subsidiaries, (i) Solis Partners, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Solis Partners”), wholly owned by the Company and engaged in the oil and gas producing business, and (ii) NEH Midstream LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“NEH Midstream”) wholly owned by the Company which will own and operate the Pecos Slope Plant and gathering system located in Chaves County, New Mexico.

Merger with Roth CH Acquisition V Co.

At the Closing, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and after giving effect to the redemption of shares of ROCL common stock:

The total consideration paid at the Closing (the “Merger Consideration”) by ROCL to New Era Helium Corp. security holders was 8,916,625 shares of common stock of Holdings.

SEC Form 10-Q filed by New Era Helium Inc