Volcon, Inc. 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to__________

Commission file number: 001-40867

Volcon, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware

84-4882689

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

3121 Eagles Nest Street, Suite 120, Round Rock, TX		78665
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(512) 400-4271

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	VLCN	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☒	Smaller Reporting Company ☒
	Emerging Growth Company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The registrant had 25,098,955 shares of common stock outstanding at May 6, 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (unaudited)	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity (Deficit) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to the Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	41
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	43
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	43
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	43
Item 5.	Other Information	43
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
Signatures		45

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VOLCON, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF MARCH 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023

(Unaudited)


	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	3,571,048		$	7,983,346
Restricted cash		105,000			210,000
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $84,408 and $70,359 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		284,951			203,303
Inventory		8,944,314			8,973,134
Inventory deposits		754,157			258,316
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,406,940			1,904,197
Total current assets		15,066,410			19,532,296
Long-term assets:
Property and equipment, net		1,074,859			1,258,607
Other long-term assets		199,281			199,281
Right-of-use assets - operating leases		1,039,625			1,136,213

Total assets	$	17,380,175		$	22,126,397

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	324,702		$	831,184
Accrued liabilities		3,413,311			3,128,906
Current portion of notes payable		6,594			15,278
Convertible notes, net of issuance costs		–			30,149,579
Warrant liabilities		8,587,923			5,971,067
Right-of- use operating lease liabilities, short-term		410,221			399,611
Customer deposits		147,568			417,485
Total current liabilities		12,890,319			40,913,110
Notes payable, net of current portion		33,995			69,138
Right-of-use operating lease liabilities, long-term		668,669			775,170
Total liabilities		13,592,983			41,757,418

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES		–			–

Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock: $0.00001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 25,000 shares designated, 22,410 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and no shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2023		–			–
Common stock: $0.00001 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized, 18,748,955 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 1,030,070 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023		187			10
Additional paid-in capital		150,641,187			101,175,107
Accumulated deficit		(146,854,182	)		(120,806,138	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		3,787,192			(19,631,021	)

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)	$	17,380,175		$	22,126,397

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VOLCON, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023
(Unaudited)


	2024			2023

Revenue	$	1,033,548		$	1,170,458
Cost of goods sold		(1,621,580	)		(1,229,981	)
Gross margin		(588,032	)		(59,523	)

Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		760,564			1,789,370
Product development		814,945			1,786,351
General and administrative expenses		2,080,794			1,890,091
Total operating expenses		3,656,303			5,465,812

Loss from operations		(4,244,335	)		(5,525,335	)

Other income		12,854			5,885
Interest expense		(329,968	)		(1,780,019	)
Loss from conversion and exchange of convertible notes		(1,647,608	)		–
Loss from derivative warrant liabilities		(19,838,987	)		–
Total other expense		(21,803,709	)		(1,774,134	)

Loss before provision for income taxes		(26,048,044	)		(7,299,469	)
Provision for income taxes		–			–

Net loss	$	(26,048,044	)	$	(7,299,469	)

Net loss per common share – basic	$	(3.27	)	$	(66.94	)
Net loss per common share – diluted	$	(3.27	)	$	(66.94	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic		7,968,457			109,046
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted		7,968,457			109,046

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VOLCON, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
(Unaudited)


	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock					Common stock				Additional
	Number of Shares			Amount		Number Shares		Amount		paid -in capital			Accumulated deficit			Total

Balance at January 1, 2024		–		$	–		1,030,070	$	10	$	101,175,107		$	(120,806,138	)	$	(19,631,021	)

Issuance of common stock for exercise of pre-funded warrants		–			–		73,826		1		–			–			1

Issuance of common stock for exercise of Series A warrants		–			–		11,870,552		119		17,352,534			–			17,352,653

Proceeds received for exercise of buydown warrants		–			–		7,778		–		3,500			–			3,500

Common stock issued for conversion of convertible notes		–			–		3,976,202		40		7,395,867			–			7,395,907

Conversion of Convertible Notes		24,698			–		–		–		24,716,118			–			24,716,118

Conversion of preferred stock for common stock		(2,288	)		–		1,720,000		17		(17	)		–			–

Issuance of common stock for exercise of Series B Warrants		–			–		70,000		–		–			–			–

Stock-based compensation											(1,922	)					(1,922	)

Shares Issued Due to Rounding		–			–		527		–		–			–			–

Net loss		–			–		–		–		–			(26,048,044	)		(26,048,044	)

Balance at March 31, 2024		22,410		$	–		18,748,955	$	187	$	150,641,187		$	(146,854,182	)	$	3,787,192

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VOLCON, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

(Unaudited)


	Common stock				Additional
	Number				paid-in		Accumulated
	of Shares		Amount		capital		deficit			Total

Balance at January 1, 2023		108,562	$	1	$	76,369,939	$	(75,734,927	)	$	635,013

Issuance of common stock for exercise of stock options and restricted shares		224		–		25,000		–			25,000

Stock-based compensation		618		–		1,057,435		–			1,057,435

Net loss		–		–		–		(7,299,469	)		(7,299,469	)

Balance at March 31, 2023		109,404	$	1	$	77,452,374	$	(83,034,396	)	$	(5,582,021	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VOLCON, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023
(Unaudited)


	March 31, 2024			March 31, 2023

Cash flow from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(26,048,044	)	$	(7,299,469	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		(1,922	)		1,057,435
Loss on conversion of convertible notes for common stock		333,544			–
Loss on exchange of convertible notes for preferred stock		1,314,064			–
Loss on write down of inventory and inventory deposits		–			14,843
Gain on sale of property and equipment		–			(5,578	)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		152,255			–
Non-cash interest expense		314,838			1,776,636
Amortization of right-of-use assets		96,588			90,057
Depreciation and amortization		97,720			51,841
Bad debt expense		14,048			–
Loss on change in fair value of warrant liabilities		20,004,342			–
Gain on exercise of Series B Warrants		(165,355	)		–
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(95,696	)		154,686
Inventory		28,820			(489,708	)
Inventory deposits		(495,841	)		(778,656	)
Prepaid assets and other current assets		497,257			21,625
Accounts payable		(506,482	)		(479,216	)
Accrued liabilities		284,405			(484,789	)
Right-of-use liabilities - operating leases		(95,891	)		(86,031	)
Customer deposits		(269,917	)		(20,327	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,541,267	)		(6,476,651	)

Cash flow from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(131,718	)		(333,619	)
Proceeds from insurance settlement		58,058			–
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		7,430			89,000
Net cash used in investing activities		(66,230	)		(244,619	)

Cash flow from financing activities:
Repayment of notes payable		(43,823	)		(69,438	)
Proceeds received from exercise of buy down warrants		3,500			–
Proceeds from exercise of Series B Warrants		130,522			–
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		–			25,000
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		90,199			(44,438	)

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH		(4,517,298	)		(6,765,708	)
CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		8,193,346			11,537,842
CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	3,676,048		$	4,772,134

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	13,408		$	2,294
Cash paid for income taxes	$	–		$	–

Non-cash transactions:
Acquisition of property and equipment with notes payable	$	–		$	96,024
Conversion of convertible notes for common stock	$	7,414,025		$	–
Exchange of convertible notes for convertible preferred stock	$	24,716,118		$	–
Reclassification of warrant liabilities to equity for cashless exercise of Series A Warrants	$	17,352,653		$	–

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VOLCON, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION, NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND GOING CONCERN

Organization and Nature of Operations

Volcon, Inc. (“Volcon” or the “Company”) was formed on February 21, 2020, as a Delaware corporation, under the name Frog ePowersports, Inc. The Company was renamed Volcon, Inc. on October 1, 2020. Volcon designs and sells all-electric off-road powersport vehicles.

On January 5, 2021, the Company created Volcon ePowersports, LLC (“Volcon LLC”), a Colorado wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, to sell Volcon vehicles and accessories in the United States. Volcon LLC is no longer used for selling vehicles and accessories.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has recurring losses and has generated negative cash flows from operations since inception.

In February and March 2024, certain holders of the May 2023 Convertible Notes issued in May 2023 converted approximately $7.4 million of principal to common stock. In March 2024, the holders exchanged the remaining May 2023 Convertible Notes of $24.7 million for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock”) with a $1,000 per share value and an initial conversation price of $1.33 per share for common stock (see Note 9). All covenants from the Convertible Notes were terminated upon this exchange.

Management anticipates that our cash on hand as of March 31, 2024 plus cash expected to be generated from operations will not be sufficient to fund planned operations beyond one year from the date of the issuance of the financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that additional funding, if needed, would be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Nasdaq Compliance

On July 5, 2023, the Company received a notice from Nasdaq that it was not in compliance with Nasdaq’s Listing Rule 5550(b)(2), which requires that it maintain a market value of listed securities (“MVLS”) of $35 million. MVLS is calculated by multiplying the Company’s shares outstanding by the closing price of its common stock. On December 19, 2023, the Company received a notice from Nasdaq that it was not in compliance with Nasdaq’s Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), as the minimum bid price of its common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days.

On December 26, 2023, the Company was notified by Nasdaq that it is not in compliance with Nasdaq’s Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iii) as the closing bid price of our common stock had been below $0.10 for ten consecutive trading days from December 11, 2023 through December 22, 2023 and was subject to delisting on January 2, 2024. On January 4, 2024, the Company received notice from Nasdaq that we did not meet the MVLS requirement and we were subject to delisting. The Company submitted a hearing request to Nasdaq’s Hearings Department for both of these matters, which stayed the suspension of the Company’s common stock. The Company participated in a hearing with Nasdaq’s Hearings Department on March 26, 2024 and on April 2, 2024, they informed the Company that the Company has until June 24, 2024 to regain compliance with the above listing rules.

Employment Matters

On January 13, 2024, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Jordan Davis, resigned his employment with the Company effective February 2, 2024. The Company entered into a 30-day consulting agreement with Mr. Davis and paid him $12,500.

On January 30, 2024, John Kim, an independent board member of the Company signed an employment agreement with the Company to become the CEO effective February 3, 2024. Mr. Kim’s salary is $800,000 and he has an annual bonus of $250,000. Mr. Kim will also receive 5% of the gross proceeds or other consideration if the Company completes a sale of substantially all of its assets or otherwise enters into a change of control transaction. Mr. Kim is also entitled to an equity award equal to 10% of the Company’s fully diluted equity, subject to stockholder approval of an increase in the shares available under the 2021 Plan or a new equity plan.

On January 30, 2024, Greg Endo, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, signed a new employment agreement with the Company. Mr. Endo’s salary will be increased to $300,000 and he will have an annual bonus of up to 50% of his salary as determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors. Mr. Endo has agreed to a reduction in the salary to $238,500 through the end of 2024. Mr. Endo will also receive 5% of the gross proceeds or other consideration if the Company completes a sale of substantially all of its assets or otherwise enters into a change of control transaction. Mr. Endo is also entitled to an equity award equal to 4% of the Company’s fully diluted equity, subject to stockholder approval of an increase in the shares available under the 2021 Plan or a new equity plan.

On February 23, 2024, Katherine Hale resigned her position as Chief Marketing Officer. Ms. Hale was provided a severance amount of $112,500 which will be paid out over three monthly installments beginning in March 2024.

Impact of Russia and Ukraine Conflict

On February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine could impact the availability of nickel, an element used in the production of lithium ion cells used in batteries that power our vehicles. The shortage of these cells could have an impact on our ability to produce vehicles to meet our customers’ demands. In addition, sanctions against Russia could impact the price of elements, including nickel, that are used in the production of batteries which would result in higher costs to produce our vehicles. These sanctions have also impacted the U.S. and global economies and could result in an economic recession which could cause a broader disruption to the Company’s supply chain and distribution network and customer demand for our products.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Interim Unaudited Financial Information

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 28, 2024. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted from this report on Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Results for the interim periods in this report are not necessarily indicative of future financial results and have not been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present fairly our interim consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024, and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature and consistent with the adjustments recorded to prepare the annual audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany accounts, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

As discussed in Note 9, the Company completed a reverse 1 for 45 stock split on February 2, 2024, all share and per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the impact of these reverse stock splits.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods.

Making estimates requires management to exercise judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase. The recorded value of our cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value. There were no cash equivalents as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Restricted cash includes cash restricted as collateral for the Company’s corporate credit cards and a letter of credit with the Company’s bank.

Revenue Recognition

For sales to dealers or distributors, revenue is recognized when transfer of control of the product is made as there is no acceptance period or right of return. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring control of vehicles, parts, and accessories. Beginning in February 2023 the Company began selling the Brat E-Bike and Volcon Youth motorcycles directly to consumers in addition to dealers. Revenue for direct to consumer sales is recognized when transfer of control of the product is made to the consumer.

Consideration that is received in advance of the transfer of goods is recorded as customer deposits until delivery has occurred or the customer cancels their order, and the consideration is returned to the customer. Sales and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company’s sales do not presently have a financing component.

Sales promotions and incentives. The Company provides for estimated sales promotions and incentives, which are recognized as a component of sales in measuring the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Examples of sales promotion and incentive programs include rebates, distributor fees, dealer co-op advertising and volume incentives. Sales promotions and incentives are estimated based on contractual requirements. The Company records these amounts as a liability in the balance sheet until they are ultimately paid. Adjustments to sales promotions and incentives accruals are made as actual usage becomes known to properly estimate the amounts necessary to generate consumer demand based on market conditions as of the balance sheet date.

Shipping and handling charges and costs. The Company records shipping and handling amounts charged to the customer and related shipping costs as a component of cost of goods sold when control has transferred to the customer.

Product Warranties

The Company provides a one-year warranty on vehicles, and a two-year warranty on the battery pack. The Company accrues warranty reserves at the time revenue is recognized. Warranty reserves include the Company’s best estimate of the projected cost to repair or to replace any items under warranty, based on actual warranty experience as it becomes available and other known factors that may impact the evaluation of historical data. The Company reviews its reserves quarterly to ensure that the accruals are adequate to meet expected future warranty obligations and will adjust estimates as needed. Factors that could have an impact on the warranty reserve include the following: changes in manufacturing quality, shifts in product mix, changes in warranty coverage periods, product recalls and changes in sales volume. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the statement of operations and is recognized as a current liability.

Inventory and Inventory Deposits

Inventories and prepaid inventory deposits are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value.

Certain vendors require the Company to pay an upfront deposit before they manufacture and ship the Company’s parts or accessories. These payments are classified as prepaid inventory deposits on the balance sheet until title and risk of loss transfers to the Company, at which time they are classified as inventory.

Raw materials inventory costs include the cost of parts, including duties, tariffs, and shipping. Work-in-process and finished goods include the cost of parts, labor and manufacturing overhead costs associated with the assembly of the vehicle. Finished goods also include accessories for the vehicle and branded merchandise such as hats and shirts.

Through August 2022 the Company assembled the Grunt motorcycle in a leased facility. The Company ceased assembly operations at the end of August and outsourced the assembly of the Grunt to a third party.

In May 2023, the Company transferred substantially all of its raw materials and work-in-process inventory for the Grunt to the third party manufacturer in the second quarter of 2023. Title to the inventory transferred to the third party manufacturer and the manufacturer provides the Company with a credit towards future purchases of the Grunt EVO.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are valued at cost. Additions are capitalized and maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions of equipment are reflected in operations. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:


Category		Estimated Useful Lives
Machinery, tooling and equipment		3-7 years
Vehicles		5 years
Internal use manufactured vehicles		1 year
Furniture & Fixtures		5 years
Computers		3 years

Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter period of their estimated useful life or term of the lease.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical carrying cost value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses recoverability of the asset by comparing the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the asset to the carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted future net cash flows of the asset, an impairment loss is measured and recognized. An impairment loss is measured as the difference between the net book value and the fair value of the long-lived asset.

Leases

Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not separate non-lease components from the lease components to which they relate, and instead accounts for each separate lease and non-lease component associated with that lease component as a single lease component.

ASC 842 defines initial direct costs as only the incremental costs of signing a lease. Initial direct costs related to leasing that are not incremental are expensed as general and administrative expenses in our statements of operations.

The Company’s operating lease agreements primarily consist of leased real estate and are included within ROU assets – operating leases and ROU lease liabilities – operating leases on the balance sheets. The Company’s lease agreements may include options to extend the lease, which are not included in minimum lease payments unless they are reasonably certain to be exercised at lease commencement. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Research and Development Expenses

The Company records research and development expenses in the period in which they are incurred as a component of product development expenses.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the “asset and liability” method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, when it’s more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as current or non-current based on the underlying asset or liability or if not directly related to an asset or liability based on the expected reversal dates of the specific temporary differences.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC Topic 820”) provides a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs).

The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC Topic 820 are described as follows:

	·	Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.
	·	Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
	·	Level 3 — Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability.

The following section describes the valuation methodologies that the Company used to measure different financial instruments at fair value.

Debt

The fair value of the Company’s debt approximated the carrying value of the Company’s debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Factors that the Company considered when estimating the fair value of its debt included market conditions, and term of the debt. The level of the debt would be considered as Level 2.

The Company relies on the guidance provided by ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, to classify certain convertible instruments. The Company first determines whether a financial instrument should be classified as a liability. The Company will determine the liability classification if the financial instrument is mandatorily redeemable, or if the financial instrument, other than outstanding shares, embodies a conditional obligation that the Company must or may settle by issuing a variable number of its equity shares.

The Company accounts for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC Topic 815”), and all derivative instruments are reflected as either assets or liabilities at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses estimates of fair value to value its derivative instruments. Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between able and willing market participants. In general, the Company’s policy in estimating fair values is to first look at observable market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets, where available. When these are not available, other inputs are used to model fair value such as prices of similar instruments, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, default rates and credit spreads, relying first on observable data from active markets. Depending on the availability of observable inputs and prices, different valuation models could produce materially different fair value estimates. The values presented may not represent future fair values and may not be realizable. The Company categorizes its fair value estimates in accordance with ASC Topic 820, based on the hierarchical framework associated with the three levels or price transparency utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value as discussed above.

Once the Company determines that a financial instrument should not be classified as a liability, the Company determines whether the financial instrument should be presented between the liability section and the equity section of the balance sheet (“temporary equity”). The Company will determine temporary equity classification if the redemption of the financial instrument is outside the control of the Company (i.e., at the option of the holder). Otherwise, the Company accounts for the financial instrument as permanent equity.

Initial Measurement

The Company records its financial instruments classified as a liability, temporary equity or permanent equity at issuance at fair value, or cash received.

Subsequent Measurement - Financial instruments classified as liabilities

The Company records the fair value of its financial instruments classified as liabilities at each subsequent measurement date. The changes in fair value of its financial instruments classified as liabilities are recorded as other expense/income. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the fair value of derivatives for instruments with embedded conversion features and for free standing warrants as discussed further in Note 7.

Additional Disclosures Regarding Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, inventory, other assets, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of those items.

Warrant Liabilities and Convertible Liabilities

The fair value of the derivative liabilities and warrant liabilities is classified as Level 3 within the Company’s fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 7, Derivative Instruments, for further discussion of the measurement of fair value of the derivatives and their underlying assumptions.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has a stock-based incentive award plan for employees, consultants and directors. The Company measures stock-based compensation at the estimated fair value on the grant date and recognizes the amortization of stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, or when it is probable criteria will be achieved for performance-based awards. Fair value is determined based on assumptions related to the fair value of the Company common stock, stock volatility and risk-free rate of return. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures when realized.

Concentration Risk

The Company outsources certain portions of product design and development for its vehicles to third parties. In addition, the Company has outsourced the manufacturing of all of its vehicles to third party manufacturers, including one manufacturer for two of its vehicles, the Stag and Grunt EVO, and this third party is also performing product design and development services on the Stag.

One supplier provides the battery and drivetrain components for the Company’s utility terrain vehicle, the Stag. The components are critical to the operation of the Stag. The Company also sources some of the other components from third party suppliers and the third party manufacturer sources other components from third party suppliers or fabricates them from materials sourced from third parties.

On January 8, 2024, the Company notified the manufacturer of the Volcon Youth motorcycles that it was terminating the co-branding and distribution agreement with them due to lower than anticipated sales of these units. In March 2024, the Company agreed to allow the manufacturer to keep all fully paid for units manufactured and held by the manufacturer and pay cash of $2,070,000 which includes a payment of $370,000 in March 2024 and $100,000 monthly for seventeen months starting April 2024. The settlement was recorded in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The balance of the liability as of March 31, 2024 is $1,600,000. As discussed below, the Company has written down this inventory to its estimated net realizable value.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standard Board or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company does not believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption.

NOTE 3 – INVENTORY

Inventory consists of the following:

Schedule of inventory
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	7,115,006	$	6,770,892
Finished goods		1,829,308		2,202,242
Total inventory	$	8,944,314	$	8,973,134

The Company has purchase commitments for future payments due for inventory of $2,125,572.

NOTE 4 – LONG – LIVED ASSETS

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:

Schedule of property and equipment
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Machinery, tooling and equipment	$	820,907		$	1,015,568
Vehicles		167,666			213,528
Internal use manufactured vehicles		109,641			22,906
Fixtures & furniture		90,768			90,768
Leasehold improvements		44,663			44,663
Computers		221,571			221,571
		1,455,216			1,609,004
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(380,357	)		(350,397	)
Total property and equipment	$	1,074,859		$	1,258,607

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $97,720 and $50,388, respectively.

NOTE 5 – NOTES PAYABLE

In March 2023, the Company entered into two financing arrangements to purchase two vehicles. The total principal of these arrangements is $96,024 with interest rates of 11.44% and 8.63% and monthly payments totaling $1,923 are due through February 2028 and $908 per month until February 2029. The vehicles are collateral for these arrangements. In February 2024, one of the vehicles was involved in an accident and was totaled. The note payable associated with this vehicle was paid off with the proceeds received from the insurance carrier.

The following table provides the maturities of the remaining note payable as of March 31, 2024:


Remainder of 2024	$	8,174
2025		10,898
2026		10,898
2027		10,898
2028		10,898
2029		1,816
Total future payments		53,582
Less: Interest		(12,993	)
Total note payable		40,589
Less current portion		(6,594	)
Long-term note payable	$	33,995

NOTE 6 - CONVERTIBLE NOTES

On August 24, 2022, the Company issued Senior Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $27,173,913 due February 24, 2024. The holders of the Convertible Notes also received fully vested warrants (the “Note Warrants”) to purchase 40,260 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial exercise price of $641.25 per share. The conversion and warrant exercise prices were subject to adjustment if the Company declared a stock dividend, stock split or recapitalization. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $3,316,409 upon issuance of the Convertible Notes, which includes $616,730 for the fair value of the warrants issued to the placement agent of the Convertible Notes as further described in Note 9. These debt issuance costs were amortized as additional interest expense through May 24, 2023 when the Convertible Notes were exchanged as discussed below.

Company allocated the net proceeds received from the issuance of the Convertible Notes and Note Warrants based on the relative fair values of each resulting in net proceeds of $15,122,345 being allocated to the Convertible Notes and net proceeds of $6,561,247 being allocated to the Note Warrants which was recorded in equity. The Company recorded non-cash interest expense through May 24, 2023 to accrete the allocated value of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method and an interest rate of 39.6%. Interest expense, including amortization of issuance costs, recorded for the Convertible Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1,776,636.

On May 24, 2023, the Company issued additional Senior Convertible Notes (“New Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $4,934,783 due February 24, 2024 to the same investors of the Convertible Notes. The New Notes had an initial conversion price of $571.50 per share of common stock, which was adjusted to $168.75 upon stockholder approval received on August 3, 2023. The conversion price was also subject to further adjustment if the Company completed an equity or convertible note offering with a price below $168.75, or completed a stock split, reverse stock split or recapitalization where the lowest day’s volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Company’s stock price is below $168.75 in the five days following the stock split, with a floor price of $0.22 (subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on August 3, 2023). The conversion price was also subject to further adjustment if the Company completed an equity or convertible note offering with a price below $168.75. The New Notes were issued with an original issue discount of 8.8% and did not bear interest unless an event of default has occurred, upon which interest accrued at 10% per annum.

The holders of the New Notes also received fully vested warrants (the “New Warrants”) to purchase 24,155 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial exercise price of $245.25 per share. The New Warrants expire August 24, 2027.

The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $586,968 upon issuance of the New Notes and New Warrants. The Company amortized these issuance costs as additional interest expense over the remaining term of the New Notes.

Concurrent with the issuance of the New Notes, the Company exchanged the Convertible Notes into two new notes, Series A Notes and Series B Notes both due February 24, 2024 (collectively the “Exchange Notes” and collectively with the New Notes the “May 2023 Notes”). The aggregate principal amount of Series A Notes was $3,690,422 and these were convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $168.75 per share. The aggregate principal amount of the Series B Notes was $23,483,491 and were convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $245.25 which was adjusted to $168.75 upon stockholder approval received on August 3, 2023.

In September 2023, the holders of the May 2023 Notes agreed to modify the due date of these notes to January 31, 2025. The Company also executed a security interest to the holders for substantially all of the assets of the Company.

Events of default for the May 2023 Notes were defined in the note agreements and the Company was in compliance with all covenants until the May 2023 Notes were exchanged for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock”) on March 4, 2024 as discussed below.

The fair value of the May 2023 Notes was estimated based on the future cash flows discounted at an interest rate of 14.9%. The May 2023 Notes were recorded at their initial fair values as follows:

Schedule of convertible notes
	Fair Value		Principal Amount
New Notes	$	4,410,058	$	4,934,783
Series A Exchange Notes		3,298,012		3,690,422
Series B Exchange Notes		20,986,449		23,483,891
Total May 2023 Notes	$	28,694,519	$	32,109,096

The Company estimated the fair value of the conversion features of the New Notes, Exchange Notes, New Warrants and Exchange Warrants as of May 24, 2023, as discussed in Note 7 below.

The Company recognized interest expense of $314,838 in the three months ended March 31, 2024 for the amortization of debt issuance costs and the accretion of the discount on the May 2023 Notes.

The Company also exchanged the 40,258 Note Warrants with an exercise price of $641.25 per share issued with the Convertible Notes in August 2022 for 75,814 warrants which had an initial exercise price of $245.25 per share (the “Exchange Warrants”) and was adjusted to $168.75 per share upon stockholder approval received on August 3, 2023. The Exchange Warrants expire August 24, 2027.

The conversion prices of the Exchange Notes, and the exercise prices of the New Warrants and Exchange Warrants (collectively the “May 2023 Warrants”) were subject to further adjustment in the event that the Company issues additional common stock, stock options, warrants or convertible notes with prices below the exercise price in effect at the time of issuance, or completes a stock split, reverse stock split or recapitalization where the lowest day’s VWAP of the Company’s stock price is below the then exercise price in the five days following the stock split with a floor of $0.22 per share.

The Company evaluated the issuance of the New Notes and Exchange Notes and related warrants and determined that the Convertible Notes were extinguished based on the conclusion that the terms of the New Notes and Exchange Notes are substantially different from the Convertible Notes in accordance with ASC 470, Debt. In addition, the Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of the Convertible Notes based on the carrying value of the Convertible Notes at the transaction date, plus gross proceeds received from the issuance of New Notes and New Warrants, less the fair value of the i) New Notes and conversion option, ii) New Warrants, iii) Exchange Notes and conversion options, and iv) Exchange Warrants. The resulting loss on extinguishment of the Convertible Notes was $22,296,988 (including unamortized issuance costs of $1,330,296) which was recorded in the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023.

The May 2023 Notes contained certain conversion limitations, providing that no conversion may be made if, after giving effect to the conversion, the holder, together with any of its affiliates, would own in excess of 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after giving effect to such conversion. The Company had the option to force conversion of the Series A and Series B Notes but the weighted average price of the Company’s common stock did not equal or exceed the amounts specified in the May 2023 Note agreements while these notes were outstanding.

In September 2023, the Company and the holders of the Exchange Warrants entered into a warrant inducement agreement whereby the Exchange Warrant holders agreed to exercise 6,824 Exchange Warrants at a reduced exercise price of $78.75 per share. The Company issued the holders 6,824 warrants (“Reload Warrants”) with an exercise price of $112.50 per share. The Reload Warrants are immediately exercisable for unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock and have the same terms as the May 2023 Warrants and expire August 24, 2027. The Company recognized equity issuance costs of $216,855 for the issuance of the Reload Warrants.

The May 2023 Warrants and Reload Warrants contained certain conversion limitations, providing that a holder thereof may not exercise such warrants to the extent that, if after giving effect to such conversion, the holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The May 2023 Warrants and Reload Warrants provide the holders the right to exercise these warrants on a non-cash basis if the Company does not have an effective registration statement for the underlying shares of common stock.

Holders of the May 2023 Notes, the May 2023 Warrants and Reload Warrants do not have voting rights to the extent they have not converted their notes or exercised their warrants.

In September 2023, the Company completed a public offering and sold 6,223 shares of common stock at $112.50 per share. The holders of the May 2023 Notes waived their right to reduce the conversion price to the equity issuance price and agreed to reduce the conversion price to $123.75 per share. The exercise price of the May 2023 Warrants was reduced to $112.50 per share as a result of the public offering.

On October 13, 2023, the Company completed a 1 for 5 reverse stock split and the lowest day’s VWAP in the five days following the reverse split was $61.605 per share and the conversion price of the May 2023 Notes, and the exercise price of the May 2023 Warrants were reduced to $61.605 per share effective October 20, 2023. On February 2, 2024, the Company completed a reverse 1 for 45 stock split. As a result, the conversion price of the May 2023 Notes and exercise price of the May 2023 Warrants were subject to adjustment to the lowest day’s VWAP in the five-day period following the reverse split, which was $1.8646 per share effective February 12, 2024.

During the 3 months ended March 31, 2024, $7,414,025 of principal of the May 2023 Notes were converted into 3,976,202 shares of common stock. The Company recognized a loss of $333,544 on the conversion including the write off of $55,490 of unamortized debt issuance costs. The remaining principal of the May 2023 Notes of $24,716,118 was exchanged for 24,698 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock with a stated value of $1,000 and a conversion price of $1.33. The Company recognized a loss on the exchange of the Convertible Notes for Preferred Stock of $1,314,064, which includes unamortized issuance costs of $182,009, in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

As a result of the exchange for Preferred Stock, the May 2023 Notes are no longer outstanding, there are no remaining covenants related to the May 2023 Notes that the Company must comply with and the security interest on the assets of the Company has been released by the noteholders. The May 2023 Warrants’ exercise price was reduced to $1.33 as a result of this exchange.

NOTE 7 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND WARRANT LIABILITIES

May 2023 Notes and May 2023 Warrants

As discussed in Note 6, the Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of the Convertible Notes based on the fair values of the May 2023 Notes including the conversion feature, and the May 2023 Warrants. The Company determined that there was a derivative liability associated with the conversion features in the May 2023 Notes due to the conversion price being subject to stockholder approval in the conversion feature. Therefore, the Company separated the conversion features from the May 2023 Notes and recorded them at fair value and continued to adjust them to fair value until stockholder approval was received on August 3, 2023 as the conversion price is then only adjusted based on anti-dilutive provisions. The Company has also determined that the May 2023 Warrants are derivative liabilities due to the potential adjustment in the exercise prices being subject to stockholder approval. Once stockholder approval was received on August 3, 2023, the exercise price of the warrants only adjusts based on anti-dilutive provisions and they are no longer derivative liabilities.

The fair value of the conversion features and warrant liabilities were calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation and the following assumptions and methodologies:

Schedule of assumptions
	May 24, 2023		August 3, 2023
Conversion Feature Liabilities
Company stock price on valuation date	$	157.50	$	123.975
Volatility (closing prices of guideline comparable public companies)		86.3%		84.1%
Conversion price per share	$	168.75	$	168.75
Note term (years)		0.76		0.56
Risk free interest rate		5.1%		5.4%
Warrant Liabilities
Company stock price on valuation date	$	157.50	$	123.975
Volatility (closing prices of guideline comparable public companies)		119.2%		115.0%
Conversion price per share	$	168.75	$	168.75
Warrant term (years)		4.25		4.06
Risk free interest rate		3.8%		4.3%

In addition to the above factors, the Company also used a probability assessment for the initial and August 3, 2023 valuation to evaluate whether stockholder approval would be received to lower the conversion and exercise prices. The Company utilized a 50/50 assessment that stockholders would or would not approve the lower conversion and exercise price. Management notes that at the time of the assessment, the stockholder vote had not yet started therefore there was no data to determine whether one scenario was more likely than another. Since the stockholders approved the lower conversion and exercise price on August 3, 2023, no probability assessment was used.

Based on the above factors, the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial derivative liabilities carried at fair value at May 24, 2023 and August 3, 2023 were as follows:


	May 24, 2023		August 3, 2023
Conversion Feature - New Notes	$	663,096	$	557,168
Conversion Feature - Series A Exchange Notes		970,805		416,672
Conversion Feature - Series B Exchange Notes		4,324,792		2,651,436
New Warrants		3,123,682		2,445,244
Exchange Warrants		9,287,474		7,191,535
Total	$	18,369,849	$	13,262,055

On August 3, 2023, stockholders approved the adjustment of the conversion price of the New Notes and Exchange Notes and the exercise price of the New Warrants and Exchange Warrants. The conversion and exercise prices can adjust to a floor of $0.22 per share based on certain events defined in the agreements related to these instruments. The Company concluded that as of August 3, 2023, the conversion feature of the May 2023 Notes and the May 2023 Warrants are no longer derivative liabilities and reclassified them to equity. The Company recognized a gain of $5,107,794 for the change in the fair values of the conversion features of the May 2023 Notes for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Series A and Series B Warrants

As discussed in Note 9 below, the Company issued Series A and Series B Warrants (the “November 2023 Warrants”) in connection with the sale of common units and pre-funded warrant units. Under the terms of the November 2023 Warrants, the number and exercise price are subject to adjustment if the Company completes certain transactions specified in these warrant agreements. Such adjustments are subject to stockholder approval (which was received on January 12, 2024) and are further described in Note 9.

The Company has determined that these warrants should be classified as liabilities and has used a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value. The following assumptions were used in the valuations:

Schedule of warrants assumptions
	December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024

Company stock price on valuation date	$	4.46	$	0.68
Volatility		141.4%		146.1%
Risk free interest rate		3.78%		4.14%
Dividend yield		0.00%		0.00%
Warrant term (years)		4.9		4.63
Time to future transaction (years)		0.63		0.25
Future transaction probability		75%		100%

In addition to the above factors, the Company also used a probability assessment for the initial and December 31, 2023 valuation to evaluate whether stockholder approval would be received on January 12, 2024 to lower the conversion and exercise prices. Management notes that at the time of the assessment, the stockholder vote had not yet started but there was a requirement in the offering that the board of directors, management, and a significant stockholder vote in favor of these adjustments which included approximately 20.1% of the shares outstanding as of the transaction date. Further, significant investors in the transaction held shares acquired prior to the record date for eligible stockholders to vote. Although these same investors could not vote the shares received in the November 17, 2023 offering, they could abstain from voting those shares for the stockholder vote and such shares would count towards whether a quorum of shares was received to hold the special meeting for the stockholder approval. Finally, management notes that approval was overwhelmingly positive to adjust the conversion price for the May 2023 Notes and May 2023 Warrants and exercise prices. The Company concluded that it was 100% likely that stockholders would approve the provisions to adjust the number of warrants and exercise price.

Based on the above factors, the estimated fair value of the Series A and Series B Warrant liabilities at December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 is as follows:


	December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024
Series A Warrant	$	0.2970	$	2.0400
Series B Warrant	$	0.0799	$	0.5845

The Company allocated the gross proceeds from the issuance of the common units and pre-funded warrant units based on the relative fair values from the November 17, 2023 valuation resulting in a value of $10,990,530 and $3,345,961 being allocated to the Series A and Series B warrants, respectively. An allocation of the issuance costs from the offering was made based on the relative fair values of the common stock, pre-funded warrants, Series A and Series B warrants and issuance costs of $1,451,249 that were allocated to the Series A and Series B Warrants were expensed in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Based on the above factors, the estimated fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities carried at fair value March 31, 2024 is as follows:


Series A Warrants	$	85,772
Series B Warrants		8,502,151
Total	$	8,587,923

As discussed in Note 9, certain holders of the Series A and Series B Warrants exercised their warrants. The Company reclassified the fair value of the Series A Warrants exercised on a cashless basis to stockholders equity. The Company recognized a gain of $165,355 from the exercise of the Series B Warrants based on the proceeds received from the exercise and the estimated fair value of the Series B Warrants on the date of exercise.

The following represents the activity associated with the Series A and Series B Warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Schedule of derivative activity
	Series A			Series B			Total
Fair value on December 31, 2023	$	4,705,245		$	1,265,822		$	5,971,067
Gain on changes in fair value		12,733,180			7,271,162			20,004,342
Exercise of warrants		(17,352,653	)		(34,833	)		(17,387,486	)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	85,772		$	8,502,151		$	8,587,923

NOTE 8 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

During 2022, the Company issued purchase orders and made prepayments for prototype parts of $21,860 to a vendor that Pink Possum, LLC (“Pink Possum”) an entity controlled by Mr. Okonsky, one of the Company’s founders, Chairman of the Board and former Chief Technology Officer, holds an equity interest of 25% as of March 31, 2024. This vendor is not expected to provide any additional prototype or production parts for the Stag.

In November 2020 and February 2021, the Company entered into operating leases with an entity controlled by the Company’s two founders for its future headquarters and production facility in Liberty Hill, Texas. In October 2021, the Company began discussions for an additional amendment to the lease, in anticipation of manufacturing the Stag at this location, which would have resulted in the monthly payment of $100,000 for the first year of the lease and increasing annually throughout the term of the lease to $107,000 in the final year. Monthly payments for the initial lease and the amended agreement would have begun at the time a certificate of occupancy was received by the landlord. No monthly rent payments were made on these leases.

On April 27, 2022, the Company informed the landlord that it would be terminating the lease. On May 27, 2022, the landlord notified the Company that the landlord would refund $85,756 of the prepaid rent and security deposit balance of $601,818 paid by the Company and the Company recognized a loss on the unrefunded prepaid rent and security deposit amount in 2022. In October 2023, the landlord notified the Company that there were additional costs that exceeded the amount of the refund and the landlord released the Company from paying any amounts in excess of the original expected refund. The landlord also released the Company from any remaining obligations under the lease and amendments. The Company recognized a loss on the termination of this lease of $85,756 in the year ended December 31, 2023.

On August 28, 2020, the Company entered into consulting agreements with Pink Possum, LLC (“Pink Possum”) an entity controlled by Mr. Okonsky, and Highbridge Consultants, LLC (“Highbridge”), an entity controlled by Mr. Adrian James, a co-founder of the Company, pursuant to which Messrs. Okonsky and James provide the Company with services in exchange for warrants. On March 26, 2021 and March 25, 2021, respectively, Pink Possum and Highbridge entered into amendments to the consulting agreements agreeing to exchange the original warrants for new ten-year warrants to purchase 21,112 and 27,778 shares, respectively, of common stock at an exercise price of $220.50.

In addition, pursuant to the consulting agreements, upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined below) for an aggregate gross sales price of $100.0 million or more, each entity will receive a cash payment equal to 1% of such gross sales price. For the purposes of the consulting agreements, “Fundamental Transaction” means any of the following: (i) a consolidation or merger involving the Company if the holders of the voting securities of the Company that are outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of such consolidation or merger do not, immediately after the consummation of such consolidation or merger, hold voting securities that collectively possess at least a majority of the voting power of all the outstanding securities of the surviving entity of such consolidation or merger or such surviving entity’s parent entity; (ii) a transfer or issuance (in a single transaction or series of related transactions) by one or more of the Company and its stockholders to one person or to any group of persons acting in concert, of shares of the Company’s capital stock then collectively possessing 50% or more of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock (computed on an as-converted to common stock basis); or (iii) any sale, license, lease, assignment or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. Furthermore, commencing upon the completion of the Company’s initial public offering of the shares of our common stock, if the Company’s market capitalization exceeds $300.0 million for a period of 21 consecutive trading days, each of the entities will receive an additional cash payment equal to $15.0 million; provided that the Company will have the right, in its sole discretion, to make the foregoing $15.0 million payment by the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock. The foregoing amounts will be payable to the entities if the above milestones occur any time prior to the ten-year anniversary of the original consulting agreements, or August 28, 2030.

In December 2022, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Okonsky whereby Mr. Okonsky became an employee on January 2, 2023 with an annual salary of $170,000 and healthcare and other benefits that are also provided to all Company employees. The consulting agreement with Pink Possum was terminated upon execution of the employment agreement. However, the warrants to Pink Possum, and the provisions for a Fundamental Transaction and the market capitalization thresholds and related payments owed to Pink Possum if these were to occur remain in effect subsequent to the employment agreement. Mr. Okonsky informed the Company on January 27, 2024 that he would forfeit his salary and benefits effective February 1, 2024.

In March 2024, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Mr. Okonsky and he is entitled to a monthly fee of $5,000 and payment of 1% of the gross proceeds from any merger, sale or change of control transaction (as determined by the board of directors) entered by the Company for a period of up to 6 months following the termination of the consulting agreement. This consulting agreement terminates any remaining provisions of the Pink Possum agreement noted above other than the warrants remain outstanding.

NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

On June 14, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase in the Company’s authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 to 250,000,000. In addition, the Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.00001. The specific rights of the preferred stock, when so designated, shall be determined by the board of directors.

On October 13, 2023, the Company completed a reverse 1 for 5 stock split. On February 2, 2024, the Company completed a reverse 1 for 45 stock split. Any fractional shares as a result of the reverse stock splits were rounded up to one full share of common stock.

Common Stock

On May 24, 2023, the Company sold 26,667 shares of its common stock in a public offering at $168.75 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $3,998,685 after underwriter commissions and expenses of $501,300.

On September 18, 2023, the Company sold 6,222 shares of its common stock in a public offering at $112.50 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $571,400 after underwriter commissions and expenses of $128,600. The underwriter was also issued a warrant to purchase 1,245 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $140.625 per share that expires 5.5 years from the date of issuance. The underwriter agreement provided the underwriter with a right of first refusal for any additional securities third-parties offerings within twelve months of this offering.

As discussed in Note 6 above, on May 24, 2023, the Company issued the May 2023 Notes and May 2023 Warrants, along with the warrants to the placement agent in August 2022 with the issuance of the Convertible Notes. The Company received consent from the underwriter to issue such securities. In addition, the Company was required to reserve 480,516 shares of common stock for future issuance of shares for the conversion of the May 2023 Notes and exercise of the May 2023 Warrants and 2,684 shares for the exercise of the placement agent warrants.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

On March 4, 2024, the Company designated 25,000 shares of preferred stock as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.00001 per share and exchanged the remaining May 2023 Notes (principal of $24,694,670) for Preferred Stock. For each $1,000 of May 2023 Note principal, one share of Preferred Stock was issued with a stated value of $1,000, and any principal held by an investor below $1,000 was granted one additional share of Preferred Stock. A total of 24,698 shares were issued in connection with the exchange. The Preferred Stock is initially convertible into share of the Company’s common stock at $1.33 per share. Conversion of Preferred Stock to common stock of the Company by the holders of the Preferred Stock is limited based on ownership restrictions of either 4.99% or 9.99%. The conversion price is subject to adjustment for anti-dilution provisions with an initial floor of $0.98 per share, subject to adjustment to $0.50 per share if stockholder approval is received. The Company has included a proposal for stockholders to approve this adjustment in its 2024 annual meeting proposals. The 2024 annual meeting is expected to be held on May 28, 2024.

Through March 31, 2024, certain Preferred Stockholders converted $2,287,600 in stated value (2,288 preferred shares) for 1,720,000 shares of common stock. During April 2024, certain Preferred Stockholders converted $8,445,500 in stated value (8,446 preferred shares) for 6,350,000 shares of common stock based on the $1.33 conversion price. The total number of shares of common stock issuable for the conversion of the remaining Preferred Stock as of May 6, 2024 is 10,497,424 based on the $1.33 conversion price.

November 2023 Common Units and Pre-Funded Warrant Units

On November 17, 2023, the Company sold (i) 73,913 common units (“Common Units”), each consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock, a Series A warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $24.75 per share or pursuant to an alternative cashless exercise option (described below), which warrant will expire on the five-year anniversary of the original issuance date (the “Series A Warrants”) and a Series B warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $37.80 per share, which warrant will expire on the five-year anniversary of the original issuance date (the “Series B Warrants” and together with the Series A Warrants, the “Warrants”); and (ii) 878,469 pre-funded units (the “Pre-funded Units” and together with the Common Units, the “Units”), each consisting of one pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock (the “Pre-funded Warrants”), a Series A Warrant and a Series B Warrant. The purchase price of each Common Unit was $18.90, and the purchase price of each Pre-Funded Unit was $18.8996. The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. As of December 31, 2023, 804,618 of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised and the remaining Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised by January 9, 2024.

In addition, the Company granted the underwriter a 45-day option to purchase additional 142,858 shares of common stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants, representing up to 15% of the number of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants sold in the Public Offering, and/or additional 18,724 Series A Warrants representing up to 15% of the Series A Warrants sold in the Public Offering, and/or additional 18,724 Series B Warrants representing up to 15% of the Series B Warrants sold in the Public Offering solely to cover over-allotments, if any. The underwriter partially exercised its over-allotment option with respect to 18,724 Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants. A total of 352,057 each of Series A and B Warrants were issued in the transaction. The net proceeds were approximately $16.2 million (gross proceeds of $18.0 million less fees and expenses of $1.8 million). The gross proceeds and transaction cost were allocated to each of the instruments issued in the offering at their estimated relative fair values. Transaction costs totaling $1,444,547 related to the Series A and Series B Warrants were expensed since these warrants were determined to be liabilities and recorded at their estimated fair values (see Note 7).

Series A Warrants

Each Series A Warrant has an initial exercise price per share equal to $24.75, was immediately exercisable upon issuance, and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the original issuance date, or November 17, 2028.

Share Combination Event Adjustments

Conditioned upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval at a required special meeting of stockholders (“Special Meeting”), if at any time on or after the date of issuance there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the Company’s common stock (collectively a “Share Event”) and the lowest daily VWAP during the five consecutive trading days prior to the date of such event and the five consecutive trading days after the date of such event is less than the exercise price then in effect, then the exercise price of the Series A Warrant shall be reduced to the lowest daily VWAP during such period and the number of warrant shares issuable shall be increased such that the aggregate exercise price payable thereunder, after taking into account the decrease in the exercise price, shall be equal to the aggregate exercise price on the date of issuance. Approval of this adjustment by the stockholders was made on January 12, 2024.

Cashless Exercise

If at the time a holder exercises its Series A Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Series A Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Series A Warrants.

Conditioned upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval at a required Special Meeting, a holder of Series A Warrants may also provide notice and elect an “alternative cashless exercise” pursuant to which they would receive an aggregate number of shares equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon a cash exercise of the Series A Warrant and (y) 3.0. Approval of this adjustment by the stockholders was made on January 12, 2024.

Adjustments and Activity Subsequent to December 31, 2023

As discussed above, the Company completed a 1 for 45 reverse stock split on February 2, 2024. Prior to this reverse split, 18,941 Series A Warrants were exercised under the alternative cashless exercise provision in the period from January 1, 2024 to February 2, 2024. As a result of the reverse stock split, the total number of Series A Warrants and exercise price for the remaining warrants was adjusted per the provisions of a Share Event and the total number of Series A Warrants became 3,979,955 and the exercise price became $1.8646. A total of 3,937,910 of the Series A Warrants were exercised under the alternative cashless exercise provision subsequent to the reverse stock split and 42,045 remain outstanding as of March 31, 2024.

Series B Warrants

Each Series B Warrant offered has an initial exercise price per share equal to $37.80, was immediately exercisable upon issuance, and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the original issuance date, or November 17, 2028.

Anti-Dilution Provisions

Subject to certain exemptions outlined in the Series B Warrant, for the life of the warrant, if the Company sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase, or sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any right to reprice, or otherwise disposes of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any common stock or convertible security, at an effective price per share less than the exercise price of the Series B Warrant then in effect (a “Dilutive Issuance”), the exercise price of the Series B Warrant will be reduced to an amount equal to the lowest daily VWAP during the period commencing five consecutive trading days following the Dilutive Issuance, subject to a floor price of $0.13; provided that upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval at a required Special Meeting (approved on January 12, 2024), the floor price will be removed and, upon a Dilutive Issuance, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrant shall be proportionally adjusted so that the aggregate exercise price of the Series B Warrant shall remain unchanged.

In addition, conditioned upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval at the Special Meeting (approved on January 12, 2024), for the life of the Series B Warrant, the Company may voluntarily reduce the exercise price of the Series B Warrant. The Company refers to this price adjustment feature as the “Voluntary Adjustment Provision”.

Share Combination Event Adjustments

Conditioned upon the receipt of the Warrant Stockholder Approval (approved on January 12, 2024), if at any time on or after the date of issuance there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the Company’s common stock (collectively a “Share Event”) and the lowest daily VWAP during the five consecutive trading days prior to the date of such event and the five consecutive trading days after the date of such event is less than the exercise price then in effect, then the exercise price of the Series B Warrant shall be reduced to the lowest daily VWAP during such period and the number of warrant shares issuable shall be increased such that the aggregate exercise price payable thereunder, after taking into account the decrease in the exercise price, shall be equal to the aggregate exercise price on the date of issuance.

As a result of the reverse 1 for 45 stock split completed on February 2, 2024, the total number of Series B Warrants and exercise price for the remaining warrants was adjusted per the provisions of a Share Event and the total number of Series B Warrants became 7,137,082 and the exercise price became $1.8646. A total of 70,000 of the Series B Warrants were exercised for proceeds of $130,522 and 7,067,062 remained outstanding as of March 4, 2024, when the Company exchanged the May 2023 Notes for Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with a conversion price of $1.33 per share, as discussed above. As a result of this exchange, the Series B Warrant amounts and exercise price were further adjusted based on the Anti-Dilution Provisions and the new number of Series B Warrants is 14,546,024 and the exercise price is $0.9059. As of March 31, 2024, 14,546,024 of the Series B Warrants remain outstanding.

Other Warrants

As discussed in Note 6, the Company issued the Note Warrants, which were fully vested, to purchase 40,258 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial exercise price of $641.25. The Note Warrants expire August 24, 2027. Also, the Company issued to the placement agent of the Convertible Notes, fully vested warrants to purchase 2,684 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $801.5625. The warrants were not exercisable until February 24, 2023 and expire on February 24, 2028. The Company valued all of these warrants using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on August 24, 2022 of $549.00, volatility of 79.81% based on peer companies, risk free interest rate of 3.03%, no dividends and an estimated life of 2.5 years.

In May 2023, all of the Note Warrants to purchase 40,258 shares of the Company’s common stock were exchanged for Exchange Warrants to purchase 75,814 shares of the Company’s common stock with an initial exercise price of $245.25 per share (which was adjusted to $168.75 per share upon stockholder approval which was received on August 3, 2023). The Exchange Warrants expire August 24, 2027. Also in May 2023, in connection with the issuance of the New Notes, the Company also issued New Warrants (together with the Exchange Warrants the “May 2023 Warrants”) to purchase 24,157 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $245.25 (which was adjusted to $168.75 per share upon stockholder approval which was received on August 3, 2023). The exercise price of the May 2023 Warrants were further adjusted due to the reverse 1 for 5 and 1 for 45 reverse stock splits completed in October 2023 and February 2024, and for the issuance of the Preferred Stock discussed above. The exercise price for the May 2023 Warrants as of March 31, 2024 are $1.33.

As noted below, 6,824 of the Exchange Warrants were exercised at a price of $78.75 per share and 6,824 Reload Warrants were issued with an exercise price of $112.50 per share. In October 2023, the Reload warrant exercise price was reduced to $61.605. The Reload warrants expire August 24, 2027. Due to the exchange of the May 2023 Notes for Series A convertible preferred stock as discussed above, the exercise price of the Reload Warrants was adjusted to $1.33.

On October 11, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to its Stag UTV development and Stag supplier agreements with GLV Ventures (“GLV”). Pursuant to the Amendment, GLV agreed to provide the Company with extended payment terms and provide the Company with credit against new vehicles for the value of certain parts purchased by the Company. In consideration for entering into the Amendment No. 1, the Company agreed to issue GLV (or its designee) five-year warrants to purchase 8,889 shares of Company common stock with an exercise price of $94.50 per share, which was equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the Amendment No. 1, 4,445 shares were fully vested upon issuance and the remaining warrants vested 45 days from the issuance date.

Warrant Inducements

On October 13, 2023, the Company entered into an inducement offer letter agreement (the “Inducement Letter”) with the three holders (each, a “Holder”) of the May 2023 Warrants. The Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of up to 21,623 to the lesser of (i) $78.75 (after giving effect to the 1:5 reverse stock split that went into effect on October 13, 2023) and (ii) the exercise price in effect at the time of exercise of the Existing Warrants if further adjusted in accordance with the terms of the May 2023 Warrants ($61.605 per share after adjustment for the lowest day’s VWAP for the five days following the reverse stock split). The reduction of the exercise price of such Existing Warrants remained in effect until October 27, 2023 (the “Inducement Period”). The exercise price for any Warrants not exercised prior to the end of the Inducement Period would not result in a change in the exercise price under the original terms of the Existing Warrants. The Holders exercised 6,824 warrants of the 21,623 warrants available for exercise. Due to the exchange of the May 2023 Notes for Series A convertible preferred stock as discussed above, the exercise price of the warrants issued for those exercised in the Inducement Period were adjusted to $1.33.

In addition, pursuant to the Inducement Letter, the Holders who exercise such Existing Warrants for cash on or prior to October 27, 2023 would receive a new warrant (“Reload Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to the number of shares of common stock exercised under the Existing Warrants. The exercise price of the Reload Warrants was determined based on the terms of the Existing Warrants, which was $61.605 per share. On October 20, 2023, the Holders exercised 2,332 warrants at $61.605 per share. Due to the exchange of the May 2023 Notes for Series A convertible preferred stock as discussed above, the exercise price of the Reload Warrants was adjusted to $1.33.

On October 29, 2023, in an effort to raise cash, the Company entered into an inducement offer letter agreement (the “Inducement Reprice Letter”) with the Holders of the Company’s May 2023 Warrants. Pursuant to the Inducement Reprice Letter, in exchange for an aggregate cash payment of $346,500, the Company reduced the exercise price with respect to May 2023 Warrants exercisable into an aggregate of 7,778 shares of common stock from $61.605 per share to $0.45 per share. On January 10, 2024, the Holders exercised these warrants.

The following is the activity related to common stock warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Schedule of warrant activity
	Common Stock Warrants
	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Life in years		Intrinsic Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2024		5,612,087		$	7.04
Granted		13,309,605		$	1.05
Canceled		–		$	–
Expired		–		$	–
Exercised		(4,204,501	)	$	2.15
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		14,717,191		$	1.62		4.63	$

SEC Form 10-Q filed by Volcon Inc.