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    SEC Form 10-K filed by York Water Company

    3/4/25 10:52:01 AM ET
    $YORW
    Water Supply
    Utilities
    Get the next $YORW alert in real time by email
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    UNITED STATES
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
    Washington, D.C. 20549

    FORM 10-K
    (Mark One)
    ☒
    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024
    OR
    ☐
    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
    For the transition period from __________ to __________
       
    Commission file number 001-34245
    THE YORK WATER COMPANY
    (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
    graphic
     
    Pennsylvania
    23-1242500
    (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
    (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
       
    130 East Market Street, York, Pennsylvania
    17401
    (Address of principal executive offices)
    (Zip Code)
       
    Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (717) 845-3601
     

    Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

    Common Stock, No par value
    YORW
    The NASDAQ Global Select Market
    (Title of Class)
    (Trading Symbol)
    (Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)

    Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
    None
     
     (Title of Each Class)

    Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

    ☐ Yes       ⌧ No
    Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

    ☐ Yes       ⌧ No
    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

    ⌧ Yes        ☐ No
    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

    ⌧ Yes        ☐ No
    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

    Large accelerated filer ☐
    Accelerated filer ☐
    Non-accelerated filer ⌧
         
    Smaller reporting company ☒
    Emerging growth company ☐

    If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
    ☐      
    Indicate by check mark if the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
    ☐      
    If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
    ☐      
    Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  
    ☐      
    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

    ☐ Yes        ⌧ No

    The aggregate market value of the Common Stock, no par value, held by nonaffiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2024 was $532,657,834.

    As of March 3, 2025, there were 14,389,449 shares of Common Stock, no par value, outstanding.

    DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
    Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part I and Part III.




    TABLE OF CONTENTS


    Forward-Looking Statements
    3
         
    PART I
       
    Item 1.
    Business
    4
    Item 1A.
    Risk Factors
    7
    Item 1B.
    Unresolved Staff Comments
    7
    Item 1C
    Cybersecurity
    8
    Item 2.
    Properties
    10
    Item 3.
    Legal Proceedings
    12
    Item 4.
    Mine Safety Disclosures
    12
         
    PART II
       
    Item 5.
    Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
    13
    Item 6.
    Reserved
    13
    Item 7.
    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation
    13
    Item 7A.
    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
    21
    Item 8.
    Financial Statements
    21
    Item 9.
    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
    52
    Item 9A.
    Controls and Procedures
    52
    Item 9B.
    Other Information
    53
    Item 9C
    Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
    53
         
    PART III
       
    Item 10.
    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
    54
    Item 11.
    Executive Compensation
    54
    Item 12.
    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
    55
    Item 13.
    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
    55
    Item 14.
    Principal Accounting Fees and Services
    55
         
    PART IV
       
    Item 15.
    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
    56
    Item 16.
    Form 10-K Summary
    60
         
    Signatures
    62
         
         
         
         


    Page 2


    FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

    Certain statements contained in this annual report and in documents incorporated by reference constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933.  Words such as “may,” “should,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “objective” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  These forward-looking statements include certain information relating to the Company’s business strategy and future prospects; including, but not limited to:

    •
    the amount and timing of rate changes and other regulatory matters including the recovery of costs recorded as regulatory assets;
    •
    expected profitability and results of operations;
    •
    trends;
    •
    goals, priorities and plans for, and cost of, growth and expansion;
    •
    strategic initiatives;
    •
    availability of water supply;
    •
    water usage by customers; and
    •
    the ability to pay dividends on common stock and the rate of those dividends.

    The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report reflect what the Company currently anticipates will happen.  What actually happens could differ materially from what it currently anticipates will happen and caution should be exercised against placing undue reliance upon such statements, which are based only on information currently available to the Company and speak only as of the date hereof.  The Company does not intend to make a public announcement when forward-looking statements in this Annual Report are no longer accurate, whether as a result of new information, what actually happens in the future or for any other reason.  Important matters that may affect what will actually happen include, but are not limited to:

    •
    changes in weather or climate, including drought conditions or extended periods of heavy precipitation;
    •
    natural disasters, including pandemics and the effectiveness of the Company’s pandemic plans;
    •
    levels of rate relief granted;
    •
    the level of commercial and industrial business activity within the Company’s service territory;
    •
    construction of new housing within the Company’s service territory and increases in population;
    •
    changes in government policies or regulations, including the tax code;
    •
    the ability to obtain permits for expansion projects;
    •
    material changes in demand from customers, including the impact of conservation efforts which may impact the demand of customers for water;
    •
    changes in economic and business conditions, including interest rates;
    •
    loss of customers;
    •
    changes in, or unanticipated, capital requirements;
    •
    the impact of acquisitions;
    •
    changes in accounting pronouncements;
    •
    changes in the Company’s credit rating or the market price of its common stock; and
    •
    the ability to obtain financing.


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    Page 3

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    PART I

    Item 1.
    Business.

    The York Water Company (the “Company”) is the oldest investor-owned water utility in the United States and is duly organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  The Company has operated continuously since 1816.  The primary business of the Company is to impound, purify to meet or exceed safe drinking water standards and distribute water.  The Company also owns and operates three wastewater collection systems and eleven wastewater collection and treatment systems.  The Company operates within its franchised water and wastewater territory, which covers portions of 57 municipalities within four counties in south-central Pennsylvania.  The Company is regulated by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, or PPUC, for both water and wastewater in the areas of billing, payment procedures, dispute processing, terminations, service territory, debt and equity financing and rate setting.  The Company must obtain PPUC approval before changing any practices associated with the aforementioned areas.

    Water service is supplied through the Company’s own distribution system.  The Company obtains the bulk of its water supply for its primary system for York and Adams Counties from both the South Branch and East Branch of the Codorus Creek, which together have an average daily flow of approximately 73.0 million gallons from a combined watershed area of approximately 117 square miles.  The Company has two reservoirs on this primary system, Lake Williams and Lake Redman, which together hold up to approximately 2.5 billion gallons of water.  The Company supplements these reservoirs with a 15-mile pipeline from the Susquehanna River to Lake Redman which provides access to an additional supply of 12.0 million gallons of untreated water per day.  The Company obtains its water supply for its system for Franklin County from the Roxbury Dam on the Conodoguinet Creek, which has an average daily flow of approximately 26.0 million gallons from a watershed area of approximately 33 square miles.  The Company has a reservoir on this system which holds up to approximately 330 million gallons of water.  The Company also owns fifteen wells which are capable of providing a safe yield of approximately 923,000 gallons per day to supply water to the customers of its groundwater satellite systems in York, Adams, and Lancaster Counties.  As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s average daily availability was 41.1 million gallons, and average daily consumption was approximately 22.4 million gallons.  The Company’s service territory had an estimated population of 212,000 as of December 31, 2024.  Industry within the Company’s service territory is diversified, manufacturing such items as fixtures and furniture, electrical machinery, food products, paper, ordnance units, textile products, air conditioning systems, laundry detergent, barbells, and motorcycles.

    The Company's water business is somewhat dependent on weather conditions, particularly the amount and timing of precipitation.  Revenues are particularly vulnerable to weather conditions in the summer months.  Prolonged periods of hot and dry weather generally cause increased water usage for watering lawns, washing cars, and keeping golf courses and sports fields irrigated.  Conversely, prolonged periods of dry weather could lead to drought restrictions from governmental authorities.  Despite the Company’s adequate water supply, customers may be required to cut back water usage under such drought restrictions which would negatively impact revenues.  The Company has addressed some of this vulnerability by instituting minimum customer charges which are intended to cover fixed costs of operations under all likely weather conditions.

    The Company’s business does not require large amounts of working capital and is not dependent on any single customer or a very few customers for a material portion of its business.  Increases in revenues are generally dependent on the Company’s ability to obtain rate increases from the PPUC in a timely manner and in adequate amounts and to increase volumes of water sold through increased consumption and increases in the number of customers served.  The Company continuously looks for water and wastewater acquisition and expansion opportunities both within and outside its current service territory as well as additional opportunities to enter into bulk water contracts with municipalities and other entities to supply water.

    The Company has agreements with several municipalities to provide billing and collection services.  The Company also has a service line protection program on a targeted basis in order to further diversify its business.  Under this optional program, customers pay a fixed monthly fee, and the Company will repair or replace damaged customer service lines, as needed, subject to an annual maximum dollar amount.  The Company continues to review and consider opportunities to expand both initiatives.

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    Competition

    As a regulated utility, the Company operates within an exclusive franchised territory that is substantially free from direct competition with other public utilities, municipalities, and other entities.  Although the Company has been granted an exclusive franchise for each of its existing community water and wastewater systems, the ability of the Company to expand or acquire new service territories may be affected by currently unknown competitors obtaining franchises to surrounding systems by application or acquisition.  These competitors may include other investor-owned utilities, nearby municipally-owned utilities and sometimes competition from strategic or financial purchasers seeking to enter or expand in the water and wastewater industry.  The addition of new service territory and the acquisition of other utilities are generally subject to review and approval by the PPUC.

    Water and Wastewater Quality and Environmental Regulations

    Provisions of water and wastewater service are subject to regulation under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Water Act and related state laws, and under federal and state regulations issued under these laws.  In addition, the Company is subject to federal and state laws and other regulations relating to solid waste disposal, dam safety and other aspects of its operations.

    The federal Safe Drinking Water Act establishes criteria and procedures for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, to develop national quality standards.  Regulations issued under this Act, and its amendments, set standards on the amount of certain contaminants allowable in drinking water.  Current requirements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations or financial condition as it already meets or exceeds standards.  In the future, the Company may be required to change its method of treating drinking water and may incur additional capital investments if new regulations become effective.

    Under the requirements of the Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water Act, or SDWA, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, or DEP, regulates the quality of the finished water supplied to customers.  The DEP requires the Company to submit monthly reports showing the results of daily bacteriological and other chemical and physical analyses. As part of this requirement, the Company conducts over 70,000 laboratory tests annually.  Management believes that the Company complies with the standards established by the agency under the SDWA.  The DEP assists the Company by regulating discharges into the Company’s watershed area to prevent and eliminate pollution.

    The federal Groundwater Rule establishes protections against microbial pathogens in community water supplies.  This rule requires additional testing of water from well sources, and under certain circumstances requires demonstration and maintenance of effective disinfection.  The Company holds public water supply permits issued by the DEP, which establishes the groundwater source operating conditions for its wells, including demonstrated 4-log treatment of viruses.  All of the groundwater satellite systems operated by the Company are in compliance with the federal Groundwater Rule.

    The Clean Water Act regulates discharges from water and wastewater treatment facilities into lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater.  The Company complies with this Act by obtaining and maintaining all required permits and approvals for discharges from its water and wastewater facilities and by satisfying all conditions and regulatory requirements associated with the permits.

    The DEP monitors the quality of wastewater discharge effluent under the provisions of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, or NPDES.  The Company submits monthly reports to the DEP showing the results of its daily effluent monitoring and removal of sludge and biosolids.  The Company is not aware of any significant environmental remediation costs necessary from the handling and disposal of waste material from its wastewater operations.

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    Page 5

    The primary avenue for lead and copper to enter drinking water is through plumbing materials.  The Company is required to comply with the Lead and Copper Rule established by the EPA and administered by the DEP.  The Company must monitor drinking water at customer taps for compliance with this rule.  If lead concentrations exceed an action level, the Company must undertake additional actions to control corrosion, inform the public about steps they should take to protect their health and may be required to replace lead service lines under its control.  The Company is currently in compliance with standards under the Lead and Copper Rule.

    The EPA published the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions, or LCRR, that included a requirement to submit a service line inventory and a lead service line replacement plan to the respective states or agencies by October 16, 2024.  Additionally, the EPA adopted a new regulation, the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements, or LCRI, to focus on the replacement of lead and certain galvanized steel service lines and ensure public education is provided along with sampling at elementary schools and childcare facilities by 2037.  The Company successfully submitted its service line inventory and is developing elementary school and childcare facility mailings in preparation for LCRI sampling compliance.

    The DEP and the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, or SRBC, regulate the amount of water withdrawn from streams in the watershed to assure that sufficient quantities are available to meet the needs of the Company and other regulated users.  Through its Division of Dam Safety, the DEP regulates the operation and maintenance of the Company’s impounding dams.  The Company routinely inspects its dams and prepares annual reports of their condition as required by DEP regulations.  The DEP reviews these reports and inspects the Company’s dams.

    Since 1980, the DEP has required any new dam to have a spillway that is capable of passing the design flood without overtopping the dam.  The design flood is either the Probable Maximum Flood, or PMF, or some fraction of it, depending on the size and location of the dam.  PMF is very conservative and is calculated using the most severe combination of meteorological and hydrologic conditions reasonably possible in the watershed area of a dam.

    The Company engaged a professional engineer to analyze the spillway capacities at the Lake Williams and Lake Redman dams and validate the DEP’s recommended flood design for the dams.  Management presented the results of the study to the DEP in December 2004, and DEP then requested that the Company submit a proposed schedule for the actions to address the spillway capacities.  Thereafter, the Company retained an engineering firm to prepare preliminary designs for increasing the spillway capacities to pass the PMF through armoring the dams with roller compacted concrete.  Management met with the DEP on a regular basis to review the preliminary design and discuss scheduling, permitting, and construction requirements including their concern regarding the stability of the Lake Williams spillway in light of current design standards.  The Company completed the final design and the permitting process to armor the dam and replace the spillway of the Lake Williams dam and began construction in 2022.  The Company completed the dam armoring and spillway replacement in 2023 at a total cost of approximately $40 million.  Additional capital expenditures were incurred in 2024 and are expected to be completed in 2025 for sitework around the dam and reservoir.  The Lake Redman dam will be reassessed following the completion of the work on the Lake Williams dam.

    Capital expenditures and operating costs required as a result of water quality standards and environmental requirements have been traditionally recognized by state public utility commissions as appropriate for inclusion in establishing rates.  The capital expenditures currently required as a result of water quality standards and environmental requirements have been budgeted in the Company’s capital program and represent less than 15% of its expected total capital expenditures over the next five years.  The Company is currently in compliance with wastewater environmental standards and does not anticipate any major capital expenditures for its current wastewater business.

    Growth

    (All dollar amounts are stated in thousands of dollars)

    The Company continues to grow its number of customers and distribution facilities.

    The growth in the number of customers is due primarily to the acquisition of water and wastewater systems and organic growth. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company increased its number of customers from 77,893 to 79,771.  See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Acquisitions and Growth” for a discussion of the Company’s recent acquisitions.

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    The Company continues to grow its water distribution and wastewater collection systems to provide reliable service to its expanding franchised service territory and the increasing population within that territory.  During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company installed an additional 97,400 feet of water distribution mains and acquired an additional 33,000 feet of water distribution mains resulting in 1,101 miles of water mains as of December 31, 2024.  During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company acquired an additional 26,200 feet of wastewater collection mains resulting in 131 miles of wastewater mains as of December 31, 2024.

    The Company’s growth in revenues is primarily a result of customer growth and increases in water and wastewater rates.  During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $74,959, an increase of $3,928, or 5.5%, as compared to $71,031 during the year ended December 31, 2023.  In 2024, operating revenue was derived from the following sources and in the following percentages: residential, 64%; commercial and industrial, 29%; and other, 7%, which is primarily from the provision for fire service but includes other water and wastewater service-related income.  See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Rate Matters” for a discussion of the Company’s rate case management.

    Information about Our Executive Officers

    The Company presently has 127 employees including the officers detailed in the information set forth under the caption “Executive Officers of the Company” of the 2025 Proxy Statement incorporated herein by reference.

    Available Information

    The Company makes available free of charge, on or through its website (www.yorkwater.com), its annual report on Form 10-K, its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC.  The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information about SEC registrants, including the Company.

    Shareholders may request, without charge, copies of the Company’s financial reports.  Such requests, as well as other investor relations inquiries, should be addressed to:

    Molly E. Houck
    The York Water Company
    (717) 718-2942
    Human Resources &
    130 East Market Street
    (800) 750-5561
    Investor Relations Coordinator
    York, PA  17401
    [email protected]


    Item 1A.
    Risk Factors.

    Not applicable.


    Item 1B.
    Unresolved Staff Comments.

    None.

    Table of Contents
    Page 7

    Item 1C.
    Cybersecurity.

    Risk Management and Strategy

    The Company recognizes the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard its information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its data.

    Managing Material Risks & Integrated Overall Risk Management
    The Company embraces risk management across the company, to include cybersecurity risk.  This comprehensive approach ensures that cybersecurity considerations are an integral part of its decision-making processes at every level.  The Company’s risk management team works closely with its IT department to continuously evaluate and address cybersecurity risks in alignment with its business objectives and operational needs.

    Engage Third Parties on Risk Management
    To address the evolving nature and complexity of cybersecurity threats, the Company engages with a range of external experts, including cybersecurity assessors, consultants, and auditors in evaluating and testing its risk management systems.  These partnerships enable the Company to leverage specialized knowledge and insights with respect to its cybersecurity strategies and processes.  The collaboration with these third parties includes regular audits, threat assessments, penetration testing, and consultation on security enhancements.

    Oversee Third-party Risk
    The Company recognizes that cybersecurity threats and risks are amplified with the addition of third-party digital service providers.  In response, the Company implements stringent processes to oversee and manage these risks.  It conducts thorough security assessments of all third-party providers before engagement and maintains ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with its cybersecurity standards.  This process is also intended to provide for the security and integrity of the Company’s data that may be stored on third-party systems.  The monitoring includes quarterly assessments made by the contracted Chief Information Officer, or CIO, and on an ongoing basis by its dedicated cybersecurity staff.  This approach is designed to mitigate risks related to data breaches or other security incidents originating from third parties.

    Incident Response Plan
    The Company maintains and tests its Incident Response Plan, or IRP, to appropriately document plans for identifying, prioritizing, containing, and communicating information related to an incident.  The Company completes annual tabletop testing of its IRP, including a testing results review to identify opportunities for improvement.

    Risk Evaluation

    Water utilities face several cybersecurity risks due to their critical role in monitoring and controlling water treatment and distribution processes and servicing customers.  The key risks the Company has evaluated that could adversely impact system confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability include:
    •
    Unauthorized Remote Access: Vulnerabilities in remote access points can be exploited by attackers to gain control over systems, potentially disrupting water services.
    •
    Malware and Ransomware: Malicious software can infiltrate systems, leading to operational disruptions, data breaches, or ransom demands.  Cybercriminals can encrypt critical data and demand a ransom for its release, potentially disrupting water supply and treatment processes.
    •
    Insider Threats: Employees or contractors with access to systems might intentionally or unintentionally compromise security disrupting water supply and treatment processes or other utility services.
    •
    Denial of Service Attacks: Attackers can overwhelm systems with traffic, rendering them unavailable and disrupting water services.
    •
    Unsecured Human Machine Interfaces: Without proper security measures, human machine interfaces can be accessed by unauthorized users, allowing them to view and adjust real-time system settings.
    •
    Outdated Technology: Many systems use legacy technology that lack modern security features, making them more susceptible to attacks affecting water services.
    •
    Network Segmentation Issues: Poorly segmented networks can allow attackers to move laterally within the system, increasing the potential impact of an attack and impact to water services.
    •
    Phishing Scams: Employees might be targeted with deceptive emails to steal sensitive information or gain unauthorized access to systems resulting in unintentional loss of data.

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    Identified Material Risks

    To date, the Company has not encountered cybersecurity challenges, risks, or breaches that have materially impaired its business strategy, operations, or its financial standing.

    Board of Directors Oversight of Cybersecurity Material Risks – Governance

    The Board of Directors, or the Board, is keenly aware of the critical nature of cybersecurity risks, particularly in its business as a public utility providing a life sustaining product.  The Board, in partnership with the Executive team, has created a robust cybersecurity program, with meaningful oversight measures and tools for tracking and managing cyber risks and threats.  The Company understands the importance of its product and services to the communities that it serves and is dedicated to maintaining high stakeholder confidence in its operations.

    Board Oversight
    The Audit Committee is the lead Board committee with oversight of the cybersecurity program and bears the primary responsibility for this aspect of the business.  The Audit Committee is comprised of Board members with diverse professional backgrounds, such as accounting/finance, utility security, risk management, and business performance integration.  The breadth of experience in this Committee enables it to be the most appropriate lead in oversight of cybersecurity risks and capability.

    Management Role
    The Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel has primary oversight of the IT Department and the cybersecurity program, with a direct reporting relationship to the President and Chief Executive Officer.  The Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel also reports to the Audit Committee at least two times per calendar year and presents a report to the Board at least once per calendar year.  These briefings include both educational and program status information, including:
    •
    Current cybersecurity risks, including qualitative rating based upon underlying objective measures;
    •
    Status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies;
    •
    Maintenance and testing of the IRP;
    •
    Incident and response reports and lessons learned from any cybersecurity incident(s); and
    •
    Compliance report with regulatory requirements and industry standards.
    In addition to scheduled presentations described above, the IT Department contracted CIO, the Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel, and the President and Chief Executive Officer maintain constant dialogue regarding emerging or potential cybersecurity risks and threats.  The Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel is in regular contact with the Audit Committee Chair related to these risks so that the oversight by the Board can be both proactive and responsive.  The Audit Committee has the authority to actively participate in strategic decisions related to cybersecurity and offers guidance and approval for major initiatives.  As a result, cybersecurity considerations can be integrated into the foundation of broader corporate objectives.  The Audit Committee and the Board conduct an annual review of the Company’s cybersecurity risk position and the effectiveness of its risk management strategies and measures.  From this review at the Board level, the Company is able to identify areas where there exist improvement opportunities and can set goals for the following year.

    Risk Management Personnel
    Primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring, and managing cybersecurity risks rests with the CIO, who has oversight over the IT Department, including one dedicated cybersecurity staff person and select specialized contractors.  This group of contractors includes a Chief Information Security Officer, IT Director, Cybersecurity Analysts, Network Engineers, and Network Administrators.  The CIO, Chief Information Security Officer, and IT Director all have a minimum of ten years of experience in the cybersecurity and technology leadership field.

    Monitor Cybersecurity Risks
    The cybersecurity team actively monitors for cybersecurity risks by employing the use of endpoint detection and response solutions with immediate alert notifications, vulnerability scanning solutions that proactively identify risks, and by monitoring the logs of network devices.

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    Page 9

    Reporting to the Board
    The Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel has primary responsibility to report to the President and Chief Executive Officer and to the Board and presents with the CIO where appropriate for the content of the presentation and/or to facilitate a substantive discussion.  The CIO, through the Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel, ensures that the highest levels of the Company remain informed about the cybersecurity posture, potential risks, events, and response if they occur.  Material cybersecurity matters, and significant strategic risk management processes and decisions are elevated to the Board by the Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel, ensuring that the Board has effective and substantive oversight and may provide input and guidance on critical cybersecurity measures and issues.


    Item 2.
    Properties.

    Source of Water Supply

    The Company obtains the bulk of its water supply for its primary system for York and Adams Counties from both the South Branch and East Branch of the Codorus Creek, which together have an average daily flow of approximately 73.0 million gallons from a combined watershed area of approximately 117 square miles.  The Company owns two impounding dams on this primary system located in York and Springfield Townships adjoining the Borough of Jacobus to the south.  The lower dam, the Lake Williams Impounding Dam, creates a reservoir covering approximately 165 acres and the upper dam, the Lake Redman Impounding Dam, creates a reservoir covering approximately 290 acres, which together hold up to approximately 2.5 billion gallons of water.  The Company supplements these reservoirs with a 15-mile pipeline from the Susquehanna River to Lake Redman which provides access to an additional supply of 12.0 million gallons per day, or MGD.

    The Company obtains its water supply for its system for Franklin County from the Roxbury Dam on the Conodoguinet Creek, which has an average daily flow of approximately 26.0 million gallons from a watershed area of approximately 33 square miles.  The Company has a reservoir on this system which holds up to approximately 330 million gallons of water.

    The Company also owns satellite groundwater systems in York, Adams, and Lancaster Counties.  The systems consist of fifteen wells capable of providing a combined safe yield of approximately 923,000 gallons per day.

    As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s present average daily availability was 41.1 million gallons, and daily consumption was approximately 22.4 million gallons.

    Pumping Stations

    The Company’s main pumping station is located in Spring Garden Township, York County, on the south branch of the Codorus Creek about four miles downstream from the Company’s lower impounding dam.  The pumping station houses pumping equipment with a combined permitted capacity of 42.0 MGD.  A large diesel backup generator is installed to provide power to the pumps in the event of an emergency.  The untreated water is pumped approximately two miles to the filtration plant through pipes owned by the Company.

    The Susquehanna River Pumping Station is located on the western shore of the Susquehanna River in York County, several miles south of Wrightsville.  The pumping station houses pumping equipment with a combined permitted capacity of 12.0 MGD.  The pumping station pumps water from the Susquehanna River approximately 15 miles through a combination of 30 inch and 36 inch ductile iron main to the Company’s upper impounding dam, located at Lake Redman.

    The Lake Redman Pumping Station is located in York Township, York County, adjacent to Lake Redman.  The pumping station is designed to provide a redundant source with permitted capacity to pump 20.0 MGD of untreated water through a company-owned 36 inch force main approximately 3.5 miles to the filtration plant, meeting the Company’s daily consumption needs.

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    Treatment Facilities

    The Company’s primary water filtration plant is located in Spring Garden Township, York County, about one-half mile south of the City of York. Water at this plant is filtered through twelve dual media filters having a rated capacity of 39.0 MGD, with a maximum supply of 42.0 MGD for short periods if necessary.

    The Company’s sediment recycling facility is located adjacent to this water filtration plant.  This state of the art facility employs cutting edge technology to remove fine, suspended solids from untreated water.  The Company estimates that through this energy-efficient, environmentally friendly process, approximately 600 tons of sediment will be removed annually, thereby improving the quality of the Codorus Creek watershed.

    The Company also operates a water filtration plant in Greene Township, Franklin County.  Water at this plant is filtered through filters having a rated capacity of 1.16 MGD.

    Based on a total average daily consumption in 2024 of approximately 22.4 million gallons, the Company believes the water pumping and filtering facilities are adequate to meet present and anticipated demands.

    The Company has eleven wastewater treatment facilities located in four counties within south-central Pennsylvania.  The wastewater treatment plants range from small extended aeration package plants to three larger facilities that utilize Biological Nutrient Removal/tertiary treatment technology and have a combined permitted flow capacity of 1,222,500 gallons.  With a projected maximum daily demand of 439,734 gallons, the plants’ flow paths offer both capacity and operational redundancy for maintenance, high flow events, and potential growth.

    Distribution and Collection

    The distribution systems of the Company have approximately 1,101 miles of water main lines which range in diameter from 2 inches to 36 inches.  The distribution systems include booster stations and standpipes and reservoirs capable of storing approximately 58.7 million gallons of potable water.  All booster stations are equipped with at least two pumps for protection in case of mechanical failure.  Following a deliberate study of customer demand and pumping capacity, the Company installed standby generators at all critical booster stations to provide an alternate energy source or emergency power in the event of an electric utility interruption.

    The fourteen wastewater collection systems of the Company have approximately 131 miles of gravity collection mains and pressure force mains along with redundant sewage pumping stations.

    Other Properties

    The Company’s distribution center and material and supplies warehouse are located in Springettsbury Township and are composed of three one-story concrete block buildings aggregating 30,680 square feet.

    The administrative and executive offices of the Company are located in one three-story and one two-story brick and masonry buildings, containing a total of approximately 21,861 square feet, in the City of York, Pennsylvania.

    All of the Company’s properties described above are held in fee by the Company.  There are no material encumbrances on such properties.

    In 1976, the Company entered into a Joint Use and Park Management Agreement with York County under which the Company licensed use of certain of its lands and waters for public park purposes for a period of 50 years.  Under the agreement, York County has agreed not to erect a dam upstream on the East Branch of the Codorus Creek or otherwise obstruct the flow of the creek.

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    Item 3.
    Legal Proceedings.

    There are no material legal proceedings involving the Company.


    Item 4.
    Mine Safety Disclosures.

    Not applicable.

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    PART II

    Item 5.
    Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

    Market Information

    The common stock of The York Water Company is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol YORW.

    Shareholders of record (excluding individual participants in securities positions listings) as of December 31, 2024 numbered approximately 1,775.

    Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

    The information required by this item with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is set forth in Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report.

    Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company

    The Company did not repurchase any of its securities during the fourth quarter of 2024.


    Item 6.
    Reserved.


    Item 7.
    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

    (All dollar amounts are stated in thousands of dollars.)

    Overview

    The York Water Company (the “Company”) is the oldest investor-owned water utility in the United States, operated continuously since 1816. The Company also owns and operates three wastewater collection systems and eleven wastewater collection and treatment systems.  The Company is a purely regulated water and wastewater utility.  Profitability is largely dependent on water revenues.  Due to the size of the Company and the limited geographic diversity of its service territory, weather conditions, particularly precipitation, economic, and market conditions can have an adverse effect on revenues.  The Company experienced increased revenues in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to the residual effects of a rate increase effective March 1, 2023, an increase in the number of customers, and higher revenues from the distribution system improvement charge, or DSIC.

    The Company’s business does not require large amounts of working capital and is not dependent on any single customer or a very few customers for a material portion of its business.  In 2024, operating revenue was derived from the following sources and in the following percentages: residential, 64%; commercial and industrial, 29%; and other, 7%, which is primarily from the provision for fire service, but includes other water and wastewater service-related income.  The diverse customer mix helps to reduce volatility in consumption.

    The Company seeks to grow revenues by increasing the volume of water sold and wastewater service provided through increases in the number of customers, making timely and prudent investments in infrastructure replacements, expansion and improvements, and timely filing for rate increases.  The Company continuously looks for acquisition and expansion opportunities both within and outside its current service territory as well as through contractual services and bulk water supply.

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    The Company has entered into agreements with municipalities to provide billing and collection services.  The Company also has a service line protection program on a targeted basis.  The Company continues to review and consider opportunities to expand both initiatives to further diversify the business.

    In addition to increasing revenue, the Company consistently focuses on minimizing costs without sacrificing water quality or customer service.  Paperless billing, expanding online services, negotiation of favorable electric, banking, and other costs, and reduced pension contributions are examples of the Company’s recent efforts to minimize costs.

    Performance Measures

    Company management uses financial measures including operating revenues, net income, earnings per share and return on equity to evaluate its financial performance.  Additional statistical measures including number of customers, customer complaint rate, annual customer rates and the efficiency ratio are used to evaluate performance quality.  These measures are calculated on a regular basis and compared with historical information, budget and the other publicly-traded water and wastewater companies.

    The Company’s performance in 2024 was strong under the above measures.  Operating revenues increased in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to the residual effects of a rate increase effective March 1, 2023, an increase in the number of customers, and higher revenues from the DSIC.  The increase in operating expenses offset the increase in operating revenues.  The Company incurred higher interest expense and lower allowance for funds used during construction.  The Company did benefit from a lower contribution to the pension plans.  The overall effect was a decrease in net income in 2024 over 2023 of 14.4% and a return on year end common equity of 8.8%.  The return on year end common equity was lower than the 2023 result and the five year historical average return on year end common equity of 10.7%.  The Company expects to file a rate increase request in 2025 which may increase its opportunity to earn a higher return on year end common equity in the future.

    The efficiency ratio, which is calculated as net income divided by revenues, is used by management to evaluate its ability to control expenses.  Over the five previous years, the Company’s ratio averaged 31.1%.  In 2024, the ratio was lower than the average at 27.1% due primarily to the increase in operating expenses, higher interest expense, and lower allowance for funds used during construction.  Management is confident that its ratio will compare favorably to that of its peers.  Management continues to look for ways to decrease expenses and increase efficiency as well as to file for rate increases promptly when needed.

    2024 Compared with 2023

    Net income for 2024 was $20,325, a decrease of $3,432, or 14.4%, from net income of $23,757 for the same period of 2023.  The primary contributing factors to the decrease were higher operating expenses, a lower allowance for funds used during construction, and higher interest on debt, which were partially offset by higher operating revenues and lower pension costs.

    Operating revenues for 2024 increased $3,928, or 5.5%, from $71,031 for 2023 to $74,959 for 2024.  The primary reason for the increase was a rate increase effective March 1, 2023.  Growth in the customer base also added to revenues.  The average number of water customers served in 2024 increased as compared to 2023 by 999 customers, from 71,416 to 72,415 customers.  The average number of wastewater customers served in 2024 increased as compared to 2023 by 522 customers, from 5,999 to 6,521 customers, primarily due to acquisitions.  There was increased revenues from the DSIC allowed by the PPUC of $137.  The DSIC allows the Company to add a charge to customers’ water bills for qualified replacement costs of certain infrastructure without submitting a rate filing.  The DSIC reset to zero on March 1, 2023 when the new rate order took effect and began again in June 2024 for bills rendered after July 1, 2024.  Total per capita consumption for 2024 was approximately 0.8% lower than the same period of last year.  In 2025, the Company expects revenues to show a modest increase due to revenues from the DSIC and an increase in the number of water and wastewater customers from acquisitions and growth within the Company’s service territory.  Other regulatory actions, weather patterns, and economic conditions could impact results.

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    Operating expenses for 2024 increased $5,418, or 13.1%, from $41,500 for 2023 to $46,918 for 2024.  The increase was primarily due to higher expenses of approximately $1,216 for depreciation and amortization, $1,007 for wages and benefits, $992 for distribution system maintenance, $534 for an increased allowance for uncollectible accounts, $504 for wastewater treatment, $268 for purchased power, $226 for insurance, $200 for outside services, $163 for water treatment, and $92 for billing and revenue collection services.  Other operating expenses increased by a net of $415.  The increase was partially offset by reduced fuel expenses of $199 for the prior year pumping of raw water from the Susquehanna River, not repeated in 2024.  In 2025, the Company expects depreciation and amortization expense to continue to rise due to additional investment in utility plant, and other expenses to increase as costs to treat water and wastewater, and to maintain and extend the distribution system, continue to rise.  Weather patterns could further increase operating expenses.

    Interest on debt for 2024 increased $1,857, or 26.4%, from $7,047 for 2023 to $8,904 for 2024.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in long-term debt outstanding and higher interest rates upon issuance of the 5.67% Senior Notes.  The average debt outstanding under the line of credit was $10,087 in 2024 and $16,316 in 2023.  The weighted average interest rate on the line of credit was 5.23% during 2024 and 5.36% during 2023.  Interest expense for 2025 is expected to increase due to the increase in long-term debt outstanding.

    Allowance for funds used during construction decreased $2,101, from $4,153 in 2023 to $2,052 in 2024 due to a higher volume of eligible construction in 2023.  Allowance for funds used during construction in 2025 is expected to decrease based on a projected decrease in the amount of eligible construction.

    Other pension costs reflect decreased expense of $1,606 in 2024 due to a lower contribution to the pension plans.  In 2025, other pension costs is expected to be similar to 2024.

    Other income (expenses), net for 2024 reflects decreased expenses of $483 as compared to 2023.  The decrease was primarily due to lower retirement expenses of approximately $315, higher earnings on life insurance policies of approximately $113, and lower charitable contributions of approximately $112.  Other expenses increased by a net of $57.  In 2025, other income (expenses) will be largely determined by the change in market returns and discount rates for retirement programs and related assets.

    Income tax expense for 2024 increased $73 as compared to 2023 due to lower deductions for the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, tangible property regulations, or TPR.  The Company’s effective tax rate was 6.2% for 2024 and 5.1% for 2023.  The Company’s effective tax rate for 2025 will be largely determined by the level of eligible asset improvements expensed for tax purposes under the IRS TPR each period.

    Rate Matters

    See Note 10 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for a discussion of its rate matters.

    Effective January 1, 2025, the Company’s tariff included a DSIC on revenues of 2.20%.

    The Company expects to file a rate increase request in 2025.

    Acquisitions and Growth

    See Note 2 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for a discussion of completed acquisitions included in financial results.

    On January 24, 2025, the Company signed an agreement to purchase the water assets of Eagle View Manufactured Housing Community in Berwick Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania.  Completion of the acquisition is contingent upon receiving approval from all required regulatory authorities.  Closing is expected in the second half of 2025 at which time the Company will add approximately 140 water customers.

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    On June 27, 2024, the Company signed an agreement to purchase the wastewater collection and treatment assets of CMV Sewage Co., Inc. in Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania.  Completion of the acquisition is contingent upon receiving approval from all required regulatory authorities.  Closing is expected in the second half of 2025 at which time the Company will add approximately 280 wastewater customers.

    On February 7, 2024, the Company signed an agreement to purchase the wastewater collection assets of Margaretta Mobile Home Park in Lower Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania.  Completion of the acquisition is contingent upon receiving approval from all required regulatory authorities.  Closing is expected in the second half of 2025 at which time the Company will add approximately 65 wastewater customers.

    In total, these acquisitions are expected to be immaterial to Company results.  The Company is also pursuing other bulk water contracts and acquisitions in and around its service territory to help offset any potential declines in per capita water consumption and to grow its business.

    Capital Expenditures

    During 2024, the Company invested $48,226 in construction expenditures for armoring and replacing the spillway of the Lake Williams dam, wastewater treatment plant construction as well as various replacements and improvements to infrastructure and routine items.  In addition, the Company invested $783 in the acquisition of water and wastewater systems.  The Company replaced approximately 50,200 feet of water main in 2024.  The Company was able to fund construction expenditures using internally-generated funds, line of credit borrowings, proceeds from its stock purchase plans and customer advances and contributions from developers, municipalities, customers, or builders.  See Notes 1, 4 and 5 to the Company’s financial statements included herein.

    The Company anticipates construction and acquisition expenditures for 2025 and 2026 of approximately $46,000 and $48,500, respectively, exclusive of any acquisitions not yet approved.  In addition to routine transmission and distribution projects, a portion of the anticipated 2025 and 2026 expenditures will be for additional main extensions, water tank replacement, wastewater treatment plant construction, an upgrade to the enterprise software system, and various replacements of infrastructure.  The Company intends to use primarily internally-generated funds for its anticipated 2025 and 2026 construction and fund the remainder through line of credit borrowings, potential debt and equity offerings, proceeds from its stock purchase plans and customer advances and contributions (see Note 1 to the Company’s financial statements included herein).  Customer advances and contributions are expected to account for between 5% and 10% of funding requirements in 2025 and 2026.  The Company believes it will have adequate credit facilities and access to the capital markets, if necessary, during 2025 and 2026, to fund anticipated construction and acquisition expenditures.

    Liquidity and Capital Resources

    Cash
    The Company manages its cash through a cash management account that is directly connected to its line of credit.  Excess cash generated automatically pays down outstanding borrowings under the line of credit arrangement.  If there are no outstanding borrowings, the cash is used as an earnings credit to reduce banking fees.  Likewise, if additional funds are needed beyond what is generated internally for payroll, to pay suppliers, to fund capital expenditures, or to pay debt service, funds are automatically borrowed under the line of credit.  As of December 31, 2024, the Company borrowed $15,808 under its line of credit and incurred a cash overdraft on its cash management account of $2,428, which was recorded in accounts payable.  The cash management facility connected to the line of credit is expected to provide the necessary liquidity and funding for the Company’s operations, capital expenditures, and acquisitions for the foreseeable future.

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    Accounts Receivable
    The accounts receivable balance tends to follow the change in revenues but is also affected by the timeliness of payments by customers and the level of the reserve for doubtful accounts.  In 2024, higher revenue levels as compared to 2023 resulted in an increase in accounts receivable – customers.  A reserve is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for expected credit losses.  Expected credit losses are based on historical write-offs combined with an evaluation of current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts including inactive accounts with outstanding balances, the aging of balances in payment agreements, adverse situations that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, economic conditions, and other relevant factors applied to the current aging of receivables.  Customer accounts are written off when collection efforts have been exhausted.  If the status of the evaluated factors deteriorate, the Company may incur additional expenses for uncollectible accounts and experience a reduction in its internally-generated funds.

    Internally-generated Funds
    The amount of internally-generated funds available for operations and construction depends on the Company’s ability to obtain timely and adequate rate relief, changes in regulations, customers’ water usage, weather conditions, customer growth and controlled expenses.  In 2024, the Company generated $30,559 internally as compared to $31,908 in 2023.  The decrease from 2023 was primarily due to higher interest and income taxes paid.

    Common Stock
    Common stockholders’ equity as a percent of the total capitalization was 52.6% as of December 31, 2024, compared with 54.8% as of December 31, 2023.  The ratio decreased in 2024 due to higher debt primarily from capital expenditures.  The Company expects to use long-term debt for its future financing needs and allow the debt percentage to trend upward until it approaches fifty percent before considering additional equity.  It is the Company’s general intent to target equity between fifty and fifty-five percent of total capitalization.

    The Company has an effective “shelf” Registration Statement on Form S-3 on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to which the Company may offer an aggregate remaining amount of up to $60,000 of its common stock or debt securities subject to market conditions at the time of any such offering.

    Credit Line
    Historically, the Company has borrowed under its lines of credit before refinancing with long-term debt or equity capital.  As of December 31, 2024, the Company maintained a $50,000, unsecured, committed line of credit at an interest rate of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus 1.17% with an unused commitment fee and an interest rate floor.  The Company had $15,808 in outstanding borrowings under its line of credit as of December 31, 2024.  The interest rate on line of credit borrowings as of December 31, 2024 was 5.72%.  In the third quarter of 2024, the Company renewed its committed line of credit and extended the maturity date to September 2026.  No other terms or conditions of the line of credit agreement were modified.  On January 1, 2023, the interest rate changed from LIBOR plus 1.05% to a successor rate of the SOFR plus 1.17% in advance of the discontinuation of LIBOR in 2023.  The Company expects to renew this line of credit as it matures under similar terms and conditions.

    The Company has taken steps to manage the risk of reduced credit availability.  It has established a committed line of credit with a 2-year revolving maturity that cannot be called on demand.  There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient lines of credit with favorable terms in the future.  If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient lines of credit or to refinance its line of credit borrowings with long-term debt or equity, when necessary, it may have to eliminate or postpone capital expenditures.  Management believes the Company will have adequate capacity under its current line of credit to meet financing needs throughout 2025.

    Long-term Debt
    The Company’s loan agreements contain various covenants and restrictions.  Management believes it is currently in compliance with all of these restrictions.  See Note 6 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for additional information regarding these restrictions.

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    On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors relating to the private placement of $40,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s senior notes.  The senior notes bear interest at 5.67% per annum payable semiannually and mature on February 27, 2054.  The senior notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company.  The Company received net proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately $39,833.  The net proceeds were used to refinance line of credit borrowings incurred by the Company as interim financing for various capital projects of the Company.

    The Company’s total long-term debt as a percentage of the total capitalization, defined as total common stockholders’ equity plus total long-term debt, was 47.4% as of December 31, 2024, compared with 45.2% as of December 31, 2023.  The Company expects to use long-term debt for its future financing needs and allow the debt percentage to trend upward.  A debt to total capitalization ratio between forty-five and fifty percent has historically been acceptable to the PPUC in rate filings.  See Note 6 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for the details of its long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2024.

    Income Taxes, Deferred Income Taxes and Uncertain Tax Positions
    Under the IRS TPR, the Company is permitted to deduct the costs of certain asset improvements that were previously being capitalized and depreciated for tax purposes as an expense on its income tax return.  This ongoing deduction results in a reduction in the effective income tax rate, a net reduction in income tax expense, and a reduction in the amount of income taxes currently payable.  It also results in increases to deferred tax liabilities and regulatory assets representing the appropriate book and tax basis difference on capital additions.  The Company expects to continue to expense these asset improvements in the future.

    The Company’s effective tax rate will largely be determined by income before income taxes and the level of eligible asset improvements expensed for tax purposes that would have been capitalized for tax purposes prior to the implementation of the TPR.

    On July 8, 2022, the Pennsylvania budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023 was signed into law.  A provision within the tax code bill included with the budget provides for an annual phase-down of the Pennsylvania corporate net income tax rate of one percentage point in the first year beginning January 1, 2023 from 9.99% to 8.99%, and a one-half percentage point each year thereafter until it reaches 4.99% beginning January 1, 2031.  The Company has remeasured the state portion of the Company’s deferred income taxes.  The effect, net of the federal benefit recognized in income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was immaterial.  Deferred income taxes for differences that are recognized for ratemaking purposes on a cash or flow-through basis were remeasured with offsetting changes to regulatory assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.  The Company expects any savings in its Pennsylvania current income taxes to be returned to its customers through the rate making process or as a future negative surcharge on their bills.

    The Company has a substantial deferred income tax asset primarily due to the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and the differences between the book and tax balances of the customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction, and deferred compensation plans.  The Company does not believe a valuation allowance is required due to the expected generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.

    The Company has seen an increase in its deferred income tax liability amounts primarily as a result of the accelerated depreciation deduction available for federal tax purposes which creates differences between book and tax depreciation expense.  The Company expects this trend to continue as it makes significant investments in capital expenditures subject to accelerated depreciation or TPR.

    The Company has determined there are no uncertain tax positions that require recognition as of December 31, 2024.  See Note 14 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for additional details regarding income taxes.

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    Credit Rating
    On August 6, 2024, Standard & Poor’s affirmed the Company’s credit rating at A-, with a stable outlook and adequate liquidity.  The Company’s ability to maintain its credit rating depends, among other things, on adequate and timely rate relief, which it has been successful in obtaining, its ability to fund capital expenditures in a balanced manner using both debt and equity and its ability to generate cash flow.  In 2025, the Company’s objectives are to continue to maximize its funds provided by operations and maintain a strong capital structure in order to be able to attract capital.

    Physical and Cyber Security

    The Company maintains security measures at its facilities, and collaborates with federal, state, and local authorities, and industry trade associations regarding information on possible threats and security measures for water and wastewater utility operations.  The costs incurred are expected to be recoverable in water and wastewater rates and are not expected to have a material impact on its business, financial condition, or results of operations.

    The Company relies on information technology systems in connection with the operation of the business, especially with respect to customer service, billing, accounting, and in some cases, the monitoring and operation of treatment, storage, and pumping facilities.  In addition, the Company relies on these systems to track utility assets and to manage maintenance and construction projects, materials and supplies, and human resource functions.  The information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from cyber security attacks or other cyber-related events, including, but not limited to, power loss, computer systems failures, internet, telecommunications or data network failures, physical and electronic loss of data, computer viruses, intentional security breaches, hacking, denial of service actions, misappropriation of data, and similar events.  In some cases, administration of certain functions may be outsourced to third-party service providers that could also be targets of cyber security attacks.  A loss of these systems, or major problems with the operation of these systems, could harm the business, financial condition, and results of operations of the Company through the loss or compromise of customer, financial, employee, or operational data, disruption of billing, collections or normal field service activities, disruption of electronic monitoring and control of operational systems, and delays in financial reporting and other normal management functions.

    Possible impacts associated with a cyber security attack or other events may include remediation costs related to lost, stolen, or compromised data, repairs to data processing systems, increased cyber security protection costs, adverse effects on the Company’s compliance with regulatory and environmental laws and regulation, including standards for drinking water, litigation, and reputational damage.

    The Company has implemented processes, procedures, and controls to prevent or limit the effect of these possible events and maintains insurance to help defray costs associated with cyber security attacks.  The Company has not experienced a material impact on business or operations from these attacks.  Although the Company does not believe its systems are at a materially greater risk of cyber security attacks than other similar organizations and despite the implementation of robust security measures, the Company cannot provide assurance that the insurance will fully cover the costs of a cyber security event, and its robust security measures do not guarantee that reputation and financial results will not be adversely affected by such an incident.

    Environmental Matters

    The Company was granted approval by the PPUC to modify its tariff to include the cost of the annual replacement of up to 400 lead customer-owned service lines over nine years from the date of the agreement.  The tariff modification allows the Company to replace customer-owned service lines at its own initial cost.  The Company will record the costs as a regulatory asset to be recovered in future base rates to customers, over a four-year period.  The cost for the customer-owned lead service line replacements was approximately $1,961 and $1,762 through December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included as a regulatory asset.  Based on its experience, the Company estimates that lead customer-owned service lines replacements will cost $2,000.  This estimate is subject to adjustment as more facts become available.

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    Drought

    On November 1, 2024, Pennsylvania state officials declared a drought watch for 33 counties in Pennsylvania, including all four counties in the Company’s service territory.  The watch calls for a voluntary reduction in nonessential water use of 5 to 10 percent.  The watch conditions could potentially impact future revenues and net income depending on the length and severity of the dry conditions.

    Dividends

    During 2024, the Company’s dividend payout ratios relative to net income and net cash provided by operating activities were 60.2% and 39.6%, respectively.  During 2023, the Company’s dividend payout ratios relative to net income and net cash provided by operating activities were 49.3% and 36.3%, respectively.  During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Board increased the dividend by 4.00% from $0.2108 per share to $0.2192 per share per quarter.

    The Company’s Board declared a dividend in the amount of $0.2192 per share at its January 2025 meeting.  The dividend is payable on April 15, 2025 to shareholders of record as of February 28, 2025.  While the Company expects to maintain this dividend amount in 2025, future dividends will be dependent upon the Company’s earnings, financial condition, capital demands and other factors and will be determined by the Company’s Board.  See Note 6 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for restrictions on dividend payments.

    Inflation

    The Company is affected by inflation, most notably by the continually increasing costs incurred to maintain and expand its service capacity.  The cumulative effect of inflation results in significantly higher facility replacement costs which must be recovered from future cash flows.  The ability of the Company to recover this increased investment in facilities is dependent upon future rate increases, which are subject to approval by the PPUC.  The Company can provide no assurances that its rate increases will be approved by the PPUC; and, if approved, the Company cannot guarantee that these rate increases will be granted in a timely or sufficient manner to cover the investments and expenses for which the rate increase was sought.

    Critical Accounting Estimates

    The methods, estimates, and judgments the Company used in applying its accounting policies have a significant impact on the results reported in its financial statements. The Company’s accounting policies require management to make subjective judgments because of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.  The Company’s most critical accounting estimates include: revenue recognition and accounting for its pension plans.

    Pension Accounting
    Accounting for defined benefit pension plans requires estimates of future compensation increases, mortality, the discount rate, and expected return on plan assets as well as other variables.  These variables are reviewed annually with the Company’s pension actuary.  The Company used compensation increases of 2.5% to 3.0% in 2023 and 2024.

    The Company adopted a new mortality table in 2019, the Pri-2012, using the white collar table for the administrative and general plan and the blue collar table for the union plan.  In 2021, the Company adopted the MP-2021 mortality improvement scale, which slightly increased the life expectancy of pension plan participants, resulting in a slight increase to the pension benefit obligation, and ultimately, a decrease in the Company’s funded status of the plans.

    The Company selected its December 31, 2024 and 2023 discount rates based on the FTSE Pension Liability Index.  This index uses spot rates for durations out to 30 years and matches them to expected disbursements from the plan over the long term.  The Company believes this index most appropriately matches its pension obligations.  The present values of the Company’s future pension obligations were determined using a discount rate of 5.45% at December 31, 2024 and 4.75% at December 31, 2023.

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    Adopting a new mortality table that represents a change in life expectancy and choosing a different discount rate normally changes the amount of pension expense and the corresponding liability.  In the case of the Company, these items change its liability, but do not have an impact on its pension expense.  The PPUC, in a previous rate settlement, agreed to grant recovery of the Company’s contribution to the pension plans in customer rates.  As a result, under the accounting standards regarding rate-regulated activities, expense in excess of the Company’s pension plan contribution can be deferred as a regulatory asset and expensed as contributions are made to the plans and are recovered in customer rates.  Therefore, these changes affect regulatory assets rather than pension expense.

    In 2023, the Company modified its investment policy statements.  The Company’s estimate of the expected return on plan assets is primarily based on the historic returns and projected future returns of the asset classes represented in its plans.  The target allocation of pension assets is 70% to 90% fixed income securities, 10% to 30% equity securities, and 0% to 10% cash reserves.  The Company used 5.00% as its expected rate of return in 2023 and 2024, a decrease from the 6.50% used in 2022 based on the modified investment policy statements.  A decrease in the expected pension return would normally cause an increase in pension expense; however due to the aforementioned rate settlement, the Company’s expense would continue to be equal to its contributions to the plans.  The change would instead be recorded in regulatory assets.

    Lower discount rates and underperformance of assets could cause future required contributions and expense to increase substantially.  If this were to happen, the Company would have to consider changes to its pension plan benefits and possibly request additional recovery of expenses through increased rates charged to customers.  See Note 11 to the Company’s financial statements included herein for additional details regarding the pension plans.

    Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

    The Company does not use off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or obligations that may have a material current or future effect on financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources or significant components of revenues or expenses.  The Company does not use securitization of receivables or unconsolidated entities. For risk management purposes, the Company uses a derivative financial instrument, an interest rate swap agreement discussed in Note 7 to the financial statements included herein.  The Company does not engage in trading or other risk management activities, does not use other derivative financial instruments for any purpose, has no material lease obligations, no guarantees and does not have material transactions involving related parties.

    Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

    There are currently no recent accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact to the Company’s financial statements.


    Item 7A.
    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

    Not applicable.


    Item 8.
    Financial Statements.


     
    Page
    Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 23)
    22
    Balance Sheets
    23
    Statements of Income
    25
    Statements of Common Stockholders’ Equity
    26
    Statements of Cash Flows
    27
    Notes to Financial Statements
    28

    Table of Contents
    Page 21

    Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


    To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of The York Water Company

    Opinion on the Financial Statements

    We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of The York Water Company (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related statements of income, common stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)2 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

    Basis for Opinion

    These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

    We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

    Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

    Critical Audit Matters

    Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

    /s/ Baker Tilly US, LLP

    We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2003.

    Lancaster, Pennsylvania
    March 4, 2025

    Table of Contents
    Page 22

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    Balance Sheets
    (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)

       
    Dec. 31, 2024
       
    Dec. 31, 2023
     
    ASSETS
               
    UTILITY PLANT, at original cost
     
    $
    664,927
       
    $
    620,201
     
    Plant acquisition adjustments
       
    (9,838
    )
       
    (9,384
    )
    Accumulated depreciation
       
    (124,082
    )
       
    (117,113
    )
    Net utility plant
       
    531,007
         
    493,704
     
                     
    OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTY, net of accumulated depreciation
    of $536 in 2024 and $501 in 2023
       
    1,534
         
    1,569
     
                     
    CURRENT ASSETS:
                   
    Cash and cash equivalents
       
    1
         
    1
     
    Accounts receivable, net of reserves of $1,610 in 2024
    and $1,005 in 2023
       
    7,249
         
    7,837
     
    Unbilled revenues
       
    3,604
         
    3,484
     
    Recoverable income taxes
       
    587
         
    332
     
    Materials and supplies inventories, at cost
       
    3,413
         
    3,109
     
    Prepaid expenses
       
    1,597
         
    821
     
    Total current assets
       
    16,451
         
    15,584
     
                     
    OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS:
                   
    Prepaid pension cost
       
    25,009
         
    23,380
     
    Note receivable
       
    255
         
    255
     
    Deferred regulatory assets
       
    54,061
         
    48,949
     
    Other assets
       
    5,156
         
    4,764
     
    Total other long-term assets
       
    84,481
         
    77,348
     
                     
    Total Assets
     
    $
    633,473
       
    $
    588,205
     

    The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

    Table of Contents
    Page 23

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    Balance Sheets
    (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)

       
    Dec. 31, 2024
       
    Dec. 31, 2023
     
    STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
               
    COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
               
    Common stock, no par value, authorized 46,500,000 shares,
    issued and outstanding 14,386,282 shares in 2024
    and 14,332,245 shares in 2023
     
    $
    138,089
       
    $
    136,174
     
    Retained earnings
       
    93,103
         
    85,004
     
    Total common stockholders’ equity
       
    231,192
         
    221,178
     
                     
    PREFERRED STOCK, authorized 500,000 shares, no shares issued
       
    –
         
    –
     
                     
    LONG-TERM DEBT
       
    205,561
         
    180,007
     
                     
    COMMITMENTS
       
    –
         
    –
     
                     
    CURRENT LIABILITIES:
                   
    Accounts payable
       
    9,525
         
    10,873
     
    Dividends payable
       
    2,892
         
    2,754
     
    Accrued compensation and benefits
       
    1,806
         
    1,629
     
    Accrued interest
       
    2,490
         
    1,741
     
    Deferred regulatory liabilities
       
    864
         
    644
     
    Other accrued expenses
       
    712
         
    502
     
    Total current liabilities
       
    18,289
         
    18,143
     
                     
    DEFERRED CREDITS:
                   
    Customers’ advances for construction
       
    20,546
         
    18,853
     
    Deferred income taxes
       
    61,157
         
    55,235
     
    Deferred employee benefits
       
    3,526
         
    3,847
     
    Deferred regulatory liabilities
       
    43,947
         
    42,989
     
    Other deferred credits
       
    386
         
    632
     
    Total deferred credits
       
    129,562
         
    121,556
     
                     
    Contributions in aid of construction
       
    48,869
         
    47,321
     
                     
    Total Stockholders’ Equity and Liabilities
     
    $
    633,473
       
    $
    588,205
     

    The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

    Table of Contents
    Page 24

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    Statements of Income
    (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)

     
    Year Ended December 31
     
       
    2024
       
    2023
     
                 
    OPERATING REVENUES:
     
    $
    74,959
       
    $
    71,031
     
                     
    OPERATING EXPENSES:
                   
    Operation and maintenance
       
    19,670
         
    17,362
     
    Administrative and general
       
    12,610
         
    10,893
     
    Depreciation and amortization
       
    12,962
         
    11,746
     
    Taxes other than income taxes
       
    1,676
         
    1,499
     
         
    46,918
         
    41,500
     
                     
    Operating income
       
    28,041
         
    29,531
     
                     
    OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
                   
    Interest on debt
       
    (8,904
    )
       
    (7,047
    )
    Allowance for funds used during construction
       
    2,052
         
    4,153
     
    Other pension costs
       
    524
       
    (1,082
    )
    Other income (expenses), net
       
    (38
    )
       
    (521
    )
         
    (6,366
    )
       
    (4,497
    )
                     
    Income before income taxes
       
    21,675
         
    25,034
     
                     
    Income tax expense
       
    1,350
         
    1,277
     
                     
    Net Income
     
    $
    20,325
       
    $
    23,757
     
                     
    Basic Earnings Per Share
     
    $
    1.42
       
    $
    1.66
     
                     
    Diluted Earnings Per Share
     
    $
    1.42
       
    $
    1.66
     

    The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

    Table of Contents
    Page 25

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    Statements of Common Stockholders’ Equity
    (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)
    For the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

     
    Common
    Stock
    Shares
       
    Common
    Stock
    Amount
       
    Retained
    Earnings
       
    Total
     
                             
    Balance, December 31, 2022
       
    14,285,584
       
    $
    134,220
       
    $
    72,963
       
    $
    207,183
     
    Net income
       
    –
         
    –
         
    23,757
         
    23,757
     
    Cash dividends declared, $0.8189 per share
        –       –       (11,716 )     (11,716 )
    Issuance of common stock under
    dividend reinvestment, direct stock and
    employee stock purchase plans
       
    41,702
         
    1,654
         
    –
         
    1,654
     
    Stock-based compensation
       
    4,959
         
    300
         
    –
         
    300
     
    Balance, December 31, 2023
       
    14,332,245
         
    136,174
         
    85,004
         
    221,178
     
    Net income
       
    –
         
    –
         
    20,325
         
    20,325
     
    Cash dividends declared, $0.8516 per share
       
    –
         
    –
         
    (12,226
    )
       
    (12,226
    )
    Issuance of common stock under
    dividend reinvestment, direct stock and
    employee stock purchase plans
       
    48,163
         
    1,669
         
    –
         
    1,669
     
    Stock-based compensation
       
    5,874
         
    246
         
    –
         
    246
     
    Balance, December 31, 2024
       
    14,386,282
       
    $
    138,089
       
    $
    93,103
       
    $
    231,192
     

    The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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    Page 26

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    Statements of Cash Flows
    (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)
     
    Year Ended December 31
     
       
    2024
       
    2023
     
    CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
               
    Net income
     
    $
    20,325
       
    $
    23,757
     
    Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                   
    Depreciation and amortization
       
    12,962
         
    11,746
     
    Stock-based compensation
       
    246
         
    300
     
    Increase in deferred income taxes
       
    476
         
    530
     
    Other
       
    353
       
    (1,114
    )
    Changes in assets and liabilities:
                   
    Increase in accounts receivable and unbilled revenues
       
    (604
    )
       
    (1,868
    )
    (Increase) decrease in recoverable income taxes
       
    (255)
         
    550
     
    Increase in materials and supplies inventories, prepaid expenses, prepaid pension cost,
    deferred regulatory and other assets
       
    (8,824
    )
       
    (9,512
    )
    Increase in accounts payable, accrued compensation and benefits, other accrued expenses,
    deferred employee benefits, deferred regulatory liabilities, and other deferred credits
       
    5,131
         
    6,743
    Increase in accrued interest
       
    749
         
    776
     
    Net cash provided by operating activities
       
    30,559
         
    31,908
     
                     
    CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                   
    Utility plant additions, including debt portion of allowance for funds used during
    construction of $1,147 in 2024 and $2,321 in 2023
       
    (48,226
    )
       
    (64,640
    )
    Acquisitions of water and wastewater systems
       
    (783
    )
       
    (625
    )
    Net cash used in investing activities
       
    (49,009
    )
       
    (65,265
    )
                     
    CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                   
    Customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction
       
    3,411
         
    5,064
     
    Repayments of customer advances
       
    (791
    )
       
    (505
    )
    Proceeds of long-term debt issues
       
    86,748
         
    104,681
     
    Debt issuance costs
        (167 )     (171)  
    Repayments of long-term debt
       
    (61,213
    )
       
    (64,148
    )
    Changes in cash overdraft position
       
    881
       
    (1,628)
     
    Issuance of common stock
       
    1,669
         
    1,654
     
    Dividends paid
       
    (12,088
    )
       
    (11,590
    )
    Net cash provided by financing activities
       
    18,450
         
    33,357
     
                     
    Net change in cash and cash equivalents
       
    –
         
    –
     
    Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
       
    1
         
    1
     
    Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
     
    $
    1
       
    $
    1
     
                     
    Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
                   
    Cash paid during the period for:
                   
    Interest, net of amounts capitalized
     
    $
    6,892
       
    $
    3,727
     
    Income taxes
        943       –  
                     
    Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
                   
    Accounts payable includes $4,138 in 2024 and $6,433 in 2023 for the construction of utility plant.
    Contributions in aid of construction includes $621 in 2024 recorded as part of the MESCO, Inc. and
    York Haven Borough acquisitionsand $4,403 in 2023 recorded as part of the Conewago Industrial Park acquisition.

    The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
    Table of Contents
    Page 27

    Notes to Financial Statements

    (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)

    1.  Significant Accounting Policies

    The primary business of The York Water Company, or the Company, is to impound, purify and distribute water.  The Company also owns and operates three wastewater collection systems and eleven wastewater collection and treatment systems.  The Company operates within its franchised territory located in four counties within south-central Pennsylvania and is subject to regulation by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, or PPUC.

    The following summarizes the significant accounting policies employed by The York Water Company.

    Utility Plant and Depreciation
    The cost of additions includes contracted cost, direct labor and fringe benefits, materials, overhead and, for certain utility plant, allowance for funds used during construction.  In accordance with regulatory accounting requirements, water and wastewater systems acquired are recorded at estimated original cost of utility plant when first devoted to utility service and the applicable depreciation is recorded to accumulated depreciation.  The difference between the estimated original cost less applicable accumulated depreciation, and the purchase price and acquisition costs, is recorded as an acquisition adjustment within utility plant as permitted by the PPUC.  At December 31, 2024 and 2023, utility plant includes a net credit acquisition adjustment of $9,838 and $9,384, respectively.  For those amounts approved by the PPUC, the net acquisition adjustment is being amortized over the remaining life of the respective assets.  Certain amounts are still awaiting approval from the PPUC before amortization will commence.  Amortization amounted to $79 and $69 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

    Upon normal retirement of depreciable property, the estimated or actual cost of the asset is credited to the utility plant account, and such amounts, together with the cost of removal less salvage value, are charged to the reserve for depreciation.  To the extent the Company recovers cost of removal or other retirement costs through rates after the retirement costs are incurred, a regulatory asset is reported.  Gains or losses from abnormal retirements are reflected in income currently.

    The straight-line remaining life method is used to compute depreciation on utility plant cost, exclusive of land and land rights.  Annual provisions for depreciation of transportation and mechanical equipment included in utility plant are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated service lives.  Such provisions are charged to clearing accounts and apportioned therefrom to operating expenses and other accounts in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts as prescribed by the PPUC.

    The Company charges to maintenance expense the cost of repairs and replacements and renewals of minor items of property.  Maintenance of transportation equipment is charged to clearing accounts and apportioned from there in a manner similar to depreciation.  The cost of replacements, renewals, and betterments of units of property is capitalized to the utility plant accounts.

    The following remaining lives are used for financial reporting purposes:

     
    December 31
       
    Approximate range
     
    Utility Plant Asset Category
     
    2024
       
    2023
       
    of remaining lives
     
    Mains and accessories
     
    $
    308,020
       
    $
    286,993
       
    14 – 86 years
     
    Services, meters, and hydrants
       
    106,200
         
    98,387
       
    14 – 47 years
     
    Operations structures, reservoirs, and water tanks
       
    143,821
         
    89,207
       
    9 – 54 years
     
    Pumping and treatment equipment
       
    51,906
         
    44,719
       
    6 – 34 years
     
    Office, transportation, and operating equipment
       
    20,519
         
    19,292
       
    3 – 19 years
     
    Land and other non-depreciable assets
       
    5,833
         
    5,685
         
    –
     
    Utility plant in service
       
    636,299
         
    544,283
             
    Construction work in progress
       
    28,628
         
    75,918
         
    –
     
    Total Utility Plant
     
    $
    664,927
       
    $
    620,201
             

    Table of Contents
    Page 28

    The effective rate of depreciation was 2.50% in 2024 and 2.55% in 2023, on average utility plant, net of customers’ advances and contributions.  Larger depreciation provisions resulting from allowable accelerated methods are deducted for tax purposes.

    Cash and Cash Equivalents
    For the purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents except for those instruments earmarked to fund construction expenditures or repay long-term debt.

    The Company periodically maintains cash balances in major financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).  The Company has not experienced any losses and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

    Accounts Receivable
    Accounts receivable are stated at outstanding balances, less a reserve for doubtful accounts.  The reserve for doubtful accounts is established through provisions charged against income.  Accounts deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the reserve and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the reserve.  The reserve for doubtful accounts is the best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the existing accounts receivable and is determined based on lifetime expected credit losses and the aging of account balances.  Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the reserve is based on historical write-offs combined with an evaluation of current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts including inactive accounts with outstanding balances, the aging of balances in payment agreements, adverse situations that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, economic conditions, and other relevant factors applied to the current aging of receivables.  This evaluation is inherently subjective.  Unpaid balances remaining after the stated payment terms are considered past due.

    Materials and Supplies Inventories
    Materials and supplies inventories are stated at cost.  Costs are determined using the average cost method.

    Note Receivable
    Note receivable is recorded at cost and represents amounts due from a municipality for construction of water mains in their municipality.  Management, considering current information and events regarding the borrowers’ ability to repay their obligations, considers a note to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the note agreement.  When a note is considered to be impaired, the carrying value of the note is written down.  The amount of the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the note’s effective interest rate.

    Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
    The Company is subject to the provisions of generally accepted accounting principles regarding rate-regulated entities.  The accounting standards provide for the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities as allowed by regulators for costs or credits that are reflected in current customer rates or are considered probable of being included in future rates.  The regulatory assets or liabilities are then relieved as the cost or credit is reflected in rates.  Regulatory assets represent costs that are expected to be fully recovered from customers in future rates while regulatory liabilities represent amounts that are expected to be refunded to customers in future rates.  These deferred costs have been excluded from the Company’s rate base and, therefore, no return is being earned on the unamortized balances.

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    Page 29

    Regulatory assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:

     
    December 31
       
    Remaining Recovery
     
       
    2024
       
    2023
       
    Periods
     
    Assets
                     
    Income taxes
     
    $
    40,880
       
    $
    35,885
       
    Various
     
    Unrealized swap losses
       
    382
         
    632
       
    1 – 5 years
     
    Utility plant retirement costs
       
    10,221
         
    9,592
       
    5 years
     
    Customer-owned lead service line replacements
       
    1,173
         
    1,257
       
    Various
     
    Income taxes on customers’ advances for
    construction and contributions in aid of
    construction
       
    1,176
         
    1,250
       
    Various
     
    Service life study expenses
       
    14
         
    19
       
    3 years
     
    Rate case filing expenses
       
    215
         
    314
       
    2 years
     
       
    $
    54,061
       
    $
    48,949
             
    Liabilities
                           
    Excess accumulated deferred income
    taxes on accelerated depreciation
     
    $
    13,090
       
    $
    13,286
       
    Various
     
    Postretirement benefits
       
    22,825
         
    21,196
       
    Not yet known
     
    Income taxes
       
    6,520
         
    6,516
       
    Various
     
    IRS TPR catch-up deduction
       
    2,376
         
    2,635
       
    9 years
     
       
    $
    44,811
       
    $
    43,633
             

    The regulatory asset for income taxes includes (a) deferred state income taxes related primarily to differences between book and tax depreciation expense, (b) deferred income taxes related to the differences that arise between specific asset improvement costs capitalized for book purposes and deducted as a repair expense for tax purposes, and (c) deferred income taxes associated with the gross-up of revenues related to the differences.  These assets are recognized for ratemaking purposes on a cash or flow-through basis and will be recovered in rates as they reverse.

    The Company uses regulatory accounting treatment to defer the mark-to-market unrealized gains and losses on its interest rate swap to reflect that the gain or loss is included in the ratemaking formula when the transaction actually settles.  The value of the swap as of the balance sheet date is recorded as part of other deferred credits.  Realized gains or losses on the swap will be recorded as interest expense in the statement of income over its remaining term of five years.

    Utility plant retirement costs represent costs already incurred for the removal of assets, which are expected to be recovered over a five-year period in rates, through depreciation expense.

    The Company was granted approval by the PPUC to modify its tariff to replace lead customer-owned service lines that were discovered when the Company replaced its lead service lines, and to include the cost of the annual replacement of up to 400 lead customer-owned service lines whenever they are discovered, regardless of the material used for the company-owned service line, over nine years.  The tariff modification allows the Company to replace customer-owned service lines at its own initial cost and record the costs as a regulatory asset to be recovered in future base rates to customers.  The recovery period was established in the most recent rate order at four years beginning March 1, 2023.  The recovery period for the customer-owned lead service line replacements completed subsequent to the most recent rate order will begin after the next rate order.

    Service life study expenses are deferred and amortized over their remaining life of three years.  Rate case filing expenses are deferred and amortized over their remaining life of two years.

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    Pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or 2017 Tax Act, customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction are considered taxable income.  The Company’s tariff allows the Company to record these income taxes for inclusion in rate base.  This asset is recognized for ratemaking purposes on a cash or flow-through basis and will be recovered in rates as it reverses.  In November 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, or 2021 Infrastructure Act, repealed the tax treatment of customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction made after December 31, 2020.

    Under normalization rules applicable to public utility property included in the 2017 Tax Act, the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation from lowering of the enacted federal statutory corporate tax rate is recorded as a regulatory liability.  The benefit will be given back to customers in rates over the remaining regulatory life of the property.

    The regulatory liability for income taxes includes deferred taxes related to excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation, other postretirement benefits, customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction, and bad debts, as well as deferred investment tax credits.  These liabilities will be given back to customers in rates, as tax deductions occur over the next 1 to 50 years.

    The regulatory liability for the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, tangible property regulations, or TPR, catch-up deduction represents the tax benefits realized on the Company’s 2014 income tax return for qualifying capital expenditures made prior to 2014.  The period over which it will be given back to customers in rates was established in a rate order at 15 years beginning March 1, 2019.

    Postretirement benefits include the difference between contributions and deferred pension expense and the overfunded status of the pension plans.  The overfunded status represents the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair market value of the assets.  This liability will change in future years based on the amount of contributions made and market returns.  The liability will be given back to customers in rates over some period determined by the PPUC in a future rate filing.

    Other Assets
    Other assets consist mainly of the cash value of life insurance policies held as an investment by the Company for reimbursement of costs and benefits associated with its supplemental retirement and deferred compensation programs.

    Deferred Debt Expense
    Deferred debt expense is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related debt and is presented on the balance sheet as a direct reduction from long-term debt.

    Customers’ Advances for Construction
    Customer advances are cash payments from developers, municipalities, customers, or builders for construction of utility plant, and are refundable upon completion of construction, as operating revenues are earned.  If the Company loans funds for construction to the customer, the refund amount is credited to the note receivable rather than paid out in cash.  After all refunds to which the customer is entitled are made, any remaining balance is transferred to contributions in aid of construction.

    Contributions in Aid of Construction
    Contributions in Aid of Construction is composed of (i) direct, non-refundable contributions from developers, customers, or builders for construction of water infrastructure and (ii) customer advances that have become non-refundable.  Contributions in aid of construction are deducted from the Company’s rate base, and therefore, no return is earned on property financed with contributions.  The PPUC requires that contributions received remain on the Company’s balance sheets indefinitely as a long-term liability.

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    Interest Rate Swap Agreement
    The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations.  The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is interest rate risk.  The Company utilizes an interest rate swap agreement to effectively convert its variable-rate debt to a fixed rate.  Interest rate swaps are contracts in which a series of interest rate cash flows are exchanged over a prescribed period.  The notional amount on which the interest payments are based is not exchanged.  The Company has designated the interest rate swap agreement as a cash flow hedge, classified as a financial derivative used for non-trading activities.

    The accounting standards regarding accounting for derivatives and hedging activities require companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value on the balance sheets.  In accordance with the standards, the interest rate swap is recorded on the balance sheets in other deferred credits at fair value.

    The Company uses regulatory accounting treatment rather than hedge accounting to defer the unrealized gains and losses on its interest rate swap.  These unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a regulatory asset.  Based on current ratemaking treatment, the Company expects the gains and losses to be recognized in rates and in interest expense as the swap settlements occur.  Swap settlements are recorded in the income statement with the hedged item as interest expense.  Swap settlements resulted in the reclassification from regulatory assets to interest expense of $(6) in 2024 and $18 in 2023.  The overall swap result was a gain of $244 in 2024 and $24 in 2023.  During the year ending December 31, 2025, the Company expects to reclassify $81 before tax from regulatory assets to interest expense.

    The interest rate swap will expire on October 1, 2029.  Other than the interest rate swap, the Company has no other derivative instruments.

    Stock-Based Compensation
    The Company records compensation expense in the financial statements for stock-based awards based on the grant date fair value of those awards.  Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term.  Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

    Income Taxes
    Certain income and expense items are accounted for in different time periods for financial reporting than for income tax reporting purposes.

    Deferred income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.  To the extent such income taxes increase or decrease future rates, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability has been recorded.

    Investment tax credits have been deferred and are being amortized to income over the average estimated service lives of the related assets.  As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, deferred investment tax credits amounted to $356 and $392, respectively.

    The Company filed for a change in accounting method under the IRS TPR effective in 2014.  Under the change in accounting method, the Company is permitted to deduct the costs of certain asset improvements that were previously being capitalized and depreciated for tax purposes as an expense on its income tax return.  The Company was permitted to make this deduction for prior years (the “catch-up deduction”) and each year going forward, beginning with 2014 (the “ongoing deduction”).  After receiving approval from the PPUC in a rate order, the Company began to recognize the catch-up deduction, recorded as a regulatory liability, over 15 years beginning March 1, 2019.  The ongoing deduction results in a reduction in the effective income tax rate, a net reduction in income tax expense, and a reduction in the amount of income taxes currently payable.  The catch-up deduction resulted in a decrease in current income taxes payable and an increase to regulatory liabilities.  Both the ongoing and catch-up deductions resulted in increases to deferred tax liabilities and regulatory assets representing the appropriate book and tax basis difference on capital additions.

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    The 2017 Tax Act, among other things, reduces the federal statutory corporate tax rate for tax years beginning in 2018 from 34% to 21%, treats customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction as taxable income, eliminates certain deductions, and eliminates bonus depreciation on qualified water and wastewater property.  This resulted in the remeasurement of the federal portion of the Company’s deferred taxes as of December 31, 2017 to the 21% rate.  The effect was recognized in income for the year ended December 31, 2017 for all deferred tax assets and liabilities except accelerated depreciation.  Under normalization rules applicable to public utility property included in the 2017 Tax Act, the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation is recorded as a regulatory liability.  The regulatory liability is a temporary difference, so a deferred tax asset is recorded including the gross-up of revenue necessary to return, in rates, the effect of the temporary difference.  In November 2021, the 2021 Infrastructure Act repealed the tax treatment of customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction made after December 31, 2020.

    Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
    Allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) represents the estimated cost of funds used for construction purposes during the period of construction.  These costs are reflected as non-cash income during the construction period and as an addition to the cost of plant constructed.  AFUDC includes the net cost of borrowed funds and a rate of return on other funds.  The PPUC approved rate of 10.04% was applied for 2024 and 2023.  AFUDC is recovered through water and wastewater rates as utility plant is depreciated.

    Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.


    2.  Acquisitions

    On October 12, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of the water assets and wastewater collection and treatment assets of Conewago Industrial Park Water and Sewer Company in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing water assets and wastewater collection and treatment assets on October 16, 2023.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 30 commercial and industrial water and wastewater customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $590, which is less than the depreciated original cost of the assets, and contributions in aid of construction of $4,403.  The Company recorded a negative acquisition adjustment of $73 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.

    On January 31, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the wastewater collection and treatment assets of MESCO, Inc. in Monaghan Township, York County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing wastewater collection and treatment assets on February 1, 2024.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 180 wastewater customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $44, which is less than the depreciated original cost of the assets, and contributions in aid of construction of $63.  The Company recorded a negative acquisition adjustment of $110 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.

    On February 21, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the water assets of Longstown Mobile Estates in Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing water system through an interconnection with its current distribution system on February 26, 2024.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 90 water customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $8, which is less than the depreciated original cost of the assets.  The Company recorded a negative acquisition adjustment of $2 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  These customers were previously served by the Company through a single customer connection to the mobile home park.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.

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    On September 26, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the water assets of Houston Run Community Water System, LLC in Salisbury Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing water assets on September 30, 2024.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 15 water customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $228, which is less than the depreciated original cost of the assets.  The Company recorded a negative acquisition adjustment of $368 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.

    On December 5, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the wastewater collection and treatment assets of York Haven Sewer Authority in York Haven Borough, York County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing wastewater collection and treatment assets on December 9, 2024.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 230 wastewater customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $409, which is more than the depreciated original cost of the assets, and contributions in aid of construction of $558.  The Company recorded an acquisition adjustment of $128 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.

    On December 12, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the water assets of Pine Run Retirement Community in Hamilton Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing water assets through an interconnection with its current distribution system on December 16, 2024.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 100 water customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $55, which is less than the depreciated original cost of the assets.  The Company recorded a negative acquisition adjustment of $157 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.

    On December 12, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of the water assets of the Brookhaven Mobile Home Park of ATG Properties, LLC in Hellam Township, York County, Pennsylvania.  The Company began operating the existing water assets through an interconnection with its current distribution system on December 16, 2024.  The acquisition resulted in the addition of approximately 150 water customers with purchase price and acquisition costs of approximately $39, which is less than the depreciated original cost of the assets.  The Company recorded a negative acquisition adjustment of $24 and will seek approval from the PPUC to amortize the acquisition adjustment over the remaining life of the acquired assets.  This acquisition is immaterial to Company results.



    3.  Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets

    Accounts receivable and contract assets are summarized in the following table:

     
    As of
       
    As of
           
       
    Dec. 31, 2024
       
    Dec. 31, 2023
       
    Change
     
                       
    Accounts receivable – customers
     
    $
    8,392
       
    $
    8,250
       
    $
    142
     
    Other receivables
       
    467
         
    592
         
    (125
    )
         
    8,859
         
    8,842
         
    17
     
    Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
       
    (1,610
    )
       
    (1,005
    )
       
    (605
    )
    Accounts receivable, net
     
    $
    7,249
       
    $
    7,837
       
    $
    (588
    )
                             
    Unbilled revenue
     
    $
    3,604
       
    $
    3,484
       
    $
    120
     

    Differences in timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections result in receivables, which are contract assets.  Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in unbilled revenue on the balance sheet, which is also a contract asset.  The Company does not receive advances or deposits from customers before revenue is recognized so no contract liabilities are reported.  Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and are presented separately on the balance sheet.  The changes in accounts receivable – customers and in unbilled revenue were primarily due to normal timing difference between performance and the customer’s payments.

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    4.  Note Receivable and Customers’ Advances for Construction

    The Company entered into an agreement with a municipality to extend water service into a previously formed water district.  The Company loaned funds to the municipality to cover the costs related to the project.  The municipality concurrently advanced these funds back to the Company in the form of customers’ advances for construction.  The municipality is required by enacted ordinance to charge application fees and water revenue surcharges (fees) to customers connected to the system, which are remitted to the Company.  The note principal and the related customer advance that could be used to settle the note receivable are reduced periodically as operating revenues are earned by the Company from customers connected to the system and refunds of the advance are made.  There is no due date for the notes or expiration date for the advance.

    The Company recorded interest income of $158 in 2024 and $192 in 2023.  The interest rate on the note outstanding is 7.5%.

    Included in the accompanying balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were the following amounts related to this project.

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Note receivable, including interest
     
    $
    255
       
    $
    255
     
    Customers’ advances for construction
       
    172
         
    205
     

    The Company has other customers’ advances for construction totaling $20,374 and $18,648 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.


    5.  Common Stock and Earnings Per Share

    Net income of $20,325 and $23,757 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is used to calculate both basic and diluted earnings per share.  Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares.  The dilutive effect of employee stock-based compensation is included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.  The dilutive effect of stock-based compensation is calculated using the treasury stock method and expected proceeds upon exercise or issuance of the stock-based compensation.

    The following table summarizes the shares used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Weighted average common shares, basic
       
    14,346,552
         
    14,294,910
     
    Effect of dilutive securities:
                   
    Employee stock-based compensation
       
    209
         
    803
     
    Weighted average common shares, diluted
       
    14,346,761
         
    14,295,713
     

    Under the employee stock purchase plan, all full-time employees who have been employed at least ninety consecutive days may purchase shares of the Company’s common stock limited to 10% of gross compensation.  The purchase price is 95% of the fair market value (as defined).  Shares issued during 2024 and 2023 were 5,137 and 4,227, respectively.  As of December 31, 2024, 40,279 authorized shares remain unissued under the plan.

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    The Company has a Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase and Sale Plan (“the Plan”), which is available to both current shareholders and the general public.  On November 7, 2022, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to rollover the unissued 365,975 shares authorized under the 2019 Form S-3, for issuance under the new Prospectus for the Plan.  Under the optional dividend reinvestment portion of the Plan, holders of the Company’s common stock may purchase additional shares instead of receiving cash dividends.  The purchase price is 95% of the fair market value (as defined).  Under the direct stock purchase portion of the Plan, purchases are made monthly at 100% of the stock’s fair market value, as defined in the new Prospectus.  The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on November 17, 2022.  Shares issued during 2024 and 2023 were 43,026 and 37,475, respectively.  As of December 31, 2024, 277,682 authorized shares remain unissued under the Plan.

    On March 11, 2013, the Board of Directors, or the Board, authorized a share repurchase program granting the Company authority to repurchase up to 1,200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time.  The stock repurchase program has no specific end date and the Company may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.  The Company may suspend or discontinue the repurchase program at any time.  During both 2024 and 2023, the Company did not repurchase or retire any shares.  As of December 31, 2024, 618,004 shares remain available for repurchase.


    6.  Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Borrowings

    Long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized in the following table:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
                 
    Variable Rate Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority
    Exempt Facilities Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series 2008A, due 2029
      $
    12,000
        $
    12,000
     
    3.00% Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority Exempt
    Facilities Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series A of 2019, due 2036
       
    10,500
         
    10,500
     
    3.10% Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority Exempt
    Facilities Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series B of 2019, due 2038
       
    14,870
         
    14,870
     
    3.23% Senior Notes, due 2040
       
    15,000
         
    15,000
     
    4.00% - 4.50% York County Industrial Development Authority Exempt
    Facilities Revenue Bonds, Series 2015, due 2029 - 2045
       
    10,000
         
    10,000
     
    4.54% Senior Notes, due 2049
       
    20,000
         
    20,000
     
    3.24% Senior Notes, due 2050
       
    30,000
         
    30,000
     
    5.50% Senior Notes, due 2053
        40,000
          40,000
     
    5.67% Senior Notes, due 2054     40,000       –  
    Committed Line of Credit, due September 2026
       
    15,808
         
    30,273
     
    Total long-term debt
       
    208,178
         
    182,643
     
    Less discount on issuance of long-term debt
       
    (136
    )
       
    (147
    )
    Less unamortized debt issuance costs
       
    (2,481
    )
       
    (2,489
    )
    Long-term portion
     
    $
    205,561
       
    $
    180,007
     

    Payments due by year as of December 31, 2024:

    2025
     
    2026
     
    2027
     
    2028
     
    2029
    $–
     
    $28,138
     
    $340
     
    $355
     
    $370

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    Payments due in 2026 include payback of the committed line of credit.  The committed line of credit is reviewed annually, and upon favorable outcome, would likely be extended for another year.  Payments due in 2026 also include potential payments of  $12,000 on the variable rate bonds (due 2029) which would only be payable if all bonds were tendered and could not be remarketed, or in the event the Company was unable to, or chose not to, renew the letter of credit backing the bonds.  There is currently no such indication of this happening.

    Fixed Rate Long-Term Debt
    On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors relating to the private placement of $40,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s senior notes.  The senior notes bear interest at 5.67% per annum payable semiannually and mature on February 27, 2054.  The senior notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company.  The Company received net proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately $39,833.  The net proceeds were used to refinance line of credit borrowings incurred by the Company as interim financing for various capital projects of the Company.

    On February 24, 2023, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors relating to the private placement of $40,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s senior notes.  The senior notes bear interest at 5.50% per annum payable semiannually and mature on February 24, 2053.  The senior notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company.  The Company received net proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately $39,829.  The net proceeds were used to refinance line of credit borrowings incurred by the Company as interim financing for various capital projects of the Company.

    Variable Rate Long-Term Debt
    On May 7, 2008, the Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority, or PEDFA, issued $12,000 aggregate principal amount of PEDFA Exempt Facilities Revenue Refunding Bonds, Series A of 2008 (the “Series A Bonds”) for the Company’s benefit pursuant to the terms of a trust indenture, dated as of May 1, 2008, between the PEDFA and Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company, as trustee.  The PEDFA then loaned the proceeds of the offering of the Series A Bonds to the Company pursuant to a loan agreement, dated as of May 1, 2008, between the Company and the PEDFA.  The loan agreement provides for a $12,000 loan with a maturity date of October 1, 2029.  Amounts outstanding under the loan agreement are the Company’s direct general obligations.  The proceeds of the loan were used to redeem the PEDFA Exempt Facilities Revenue Bonds, Series B of 2004 (the “2004 Series B Bonds”).  The 2004 Series B Bonds were redeemed because the bonds were tendered and could not be remarketed due to the downgrade of the bond insurer’s credit rating.

    Borrowings under the loan agreement bear interest at a variable rate as determined by PNC Capital Markets, as remarketing agent, on a periodic basis elected by the Company, which has currently elected that the interest rate be determined on a weekly basis.  The remarketing agent determines the interest rate based on the current market conditions in order to determine the lowest interest rate which would cause the Series A Bonds to have a market value equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest thereon.  The variable interest rate under the loan agreement averaged 3.41% in 2024 and 3.38%  in 2023.  As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the interest rate was 3.64% and 3.89%, respectively.

    The holders of the $12,000 Series A Bonds may tender their bonds at any time.  When the bonds are tendered, they are subject to an annual remarketing agreement, pursuant to which a remarketing agent attempts to remarket the tendered bonds according to the terms of the indenture.  In order to keep variable interest rates down and to enhance the marketability of the Series A Bonds, the Company entered into a Reimbursement, Credit and Security Agreement with PNC Bank, National Association (“the Bank”) dated as of May 1, 2008.  This agreement provides for a direct pay letter of credit issued by the Bank to the trustee for the Series A Bonds.  The Bank is responsible for providing the trustee with funds for the timely payment of the principal and interest on the Series A Bonds and for the purchase price of the Series A Bonds that have been tendered or deemed tendered for purchase and have not been remarketed.  The Company’s responsibility is to reimburse the Bank the same day as regular interest payments are made, and within fourteen months for the purchase price of tendered bonds that have not been remarketed.  The reimbursement period for the principal is immediate at maturity, upon default by the Company, or if the Bank does not renew the Letter of Credit.  The current expiration date of the Letter of Credit is June 30, 2026.  It is reviewed annually for a potential extension of the expiration date.

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    The Company may elect to have the Series A Bonds redeemed, in whole or in part, on any date that interest is payable for a redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest to the date of redemption.  The Series A Bonds are also subject to mandatory redemption for the same redemption price in the event that the IRS determines that the interest payable on the Series A Bonds is includable in gross income of the holders of the bonds for federal tax purposes.

    Interest Rate Swap Agreement
    In connection with the issuance of the PEDFA 2004 Series B Bonds, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a counterparty, in the notional principal amount of $12,000.  The Company elected to retain the swap agreement for the 2008 Series A Bonds.  Interest rate swap agreements derive their value from underlying interest rates.  These transactions involve both credit and market risk.  The notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments, and the value of the derivative are based.  Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposure.  Direct credit exposure is limited to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any.  Such difference, which represents the fair value of the swap, is reflected on the Company’s balance sheets.  See Note 7 for additional information regarding the fair value of the swap.

    The interest rate swap will terminate on the maturity date of the 2008 Series A Bonds (which is the same date as the maturity date of the loan under the loan agreement), unless sooner terminated pursuant to its terms.  In the event the interest rate swap terminates prior to the maturity date of the 2008 Series A Bonds, either the Company or the swap counterparty may be required to make a termination payment to the other based on market conditions at such time.  The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty.  The Company controls the credit risk of its financial contracts through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures, and does not expect the counterparty to default on its obligations.  Notwithstanding the terms of the swap agreement, the Company is ultimately obligated for all amounts due and payable under the loan agreement.

    The interest rate swap agreement contains provisions that require the Company to maintain a credit rating of at least BBB- with Standard & Poor’s.  On August 6, 2024, Standard & Poor’s affirmed the Company’s credit rating at A-, with a stable outlook and adequate liquidity.  If the Company’s rating were to fall below this rating, it would be in violation of these provisions, and the counterparty to the derivative could request immediate payment if the derivative was in a liability position.  The Company’s interest rate swap was in a liability position as of December 31, 2024.  If a violation was triggered on December 31, 2024, the Company would have been required to pay the counterparty approximately $394.

    The Company’s interest rate swap agreement provides that it pays the counterparty a fixed interest rate of 3.16% on the notional amount of $12,000. In exchange, the counterparty paid the Company a floating interest rate (based on 59% of the U.S. Dollar one-month LIBOR rate) on the notional amount.  The variable interest rate changed to 59% of the daily simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus a spread adjustment of 11.448 basis points upon the discontinuance of LIBOR in 2023.  The floating interest rate paid to the Company is intended, over the term of the swap, to approximate the variable interest rate on the loan agreement and the interest rate paid to bondholders, thereby managing its exposure to fluctuations in prevailing interest rates.  The Company’s net payment rate on the swap averaged 0.05% in 2024 and 0.14% in 2023.

    As of December 31, 2024, there was a spread of 90 basis points between the variable rate paid to bondholders and the variable rate received from the swap counterparty, which equated to an overall effective rate of 4.06% (including variable interest and swap payments). As of December 31, 2023, there was a spread of 68 basis points which equated to an overall effective rate of 3.84% (including variable interest and swap payments).

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    Line of Credit Borrowings
    As of December 31, 2024, the Company maintained a $50,000 unsecured, committed line of credit at an interest rate of SOFR plus 1.17% with an unused commitment fee and an interest rate floor.  In the third quarter of 2024, the Company renewed its committed line of credit and extended the maturity date to September 2026.  No other terms or conditions of the line of credit agreement were modified.  On January 1, 2023, the interest rate changed from LIBOR plus 1.05% to a successor rate of SOFR plus 1.17% in advance of the discontinuation of LIBOR in 2023.  Average borrowings outstanding under the lines of credit were $10,087 in 2024 and $16,316 in 2023.  The average cost of borrowings under the lines of credit was 5.23% during 2024 and 5.36% during 2023.  The weighted average interest rate on the line of credit borrowings was 5.72% as of December 31, 2024 and 6.51% as of December 31, 2023.

    The Company utilizes a cash management account that is directly connected to its line of credit.  Excess cash generated automatically pays down outstanding borrowings under the line of credit.  If there are no outstanding borrowings, the cash is used as an earnings credit to reduce banking fees.  Likewise, if additional funds are needed beyond what is generated internally, funds are automatically borrowed under the line of credit.  The Company borrowed $15,808 and $30,273 under its line of credit and incurred a cash overdraft of $2,428 and $1,547, which was recorded in accounts payable, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

    Debt Covenants and Restrictions
    The terms of the debt agreements carry certain covenants and limit in some cases the Company’s ability to borrow additional funds, to prepay its borrowings and include certain restrictions with respect to declaration and payment of cash dividends and the Company’s acquisition of its stock.  Under the terms of the most restrictive agreements, the Company cannot borrow in excess of 60% of its utility plant, and cumulative payments for dividends and acquisition of stock since December 31, 1982 may not exceed $1,500 plus net income since that date.  As of December 31, 2024, none of the earnings retained in the business are restricted under these provisions.  The Company’s debt is unsecured.

    The Company’s line of credit requires it to maintain a minimum equity to total capitalization ratio (defined as the sum of equity plus funded debt) and a minimum interest coverage ratio (defined as net income plus interest expense plus income tax expense divided by interest expense).  As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.


    7.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments

    The accounting standards regarding fair value measurements establish a fair value hierarchy which indicates the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.  Level 1 inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and are the most observable.  Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and observable inputs such as interest rates, commodity rates and yield curves.  Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market and include management’s own judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

    The Company has recorded its interest rate swap liability at fair value in accordance with the standards.  The liability is recorded under the caption “Other deferred credits” on the balance sheets.  The table below illustrates the fair value of the interest rate swap as of the end of the reporting period.

    Description
     
    December 31, 2024
     
    Fair Value Measurements
    at Reporting Date Using
    Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
    Interest Rate Swap
     
    $386
     
    $386

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    Fair values are measured as the present value of all expected future cash flows based on the swap yield curve as of the date of the valuation.  These inputs to this calculation are deemed to be Level 2 inputs.  The balance sheet carrying value reflects the Company’s credit quality as of December 31, 2024.  The rate used in discounting all prospective cash flows anticipated to be made under this swap reflects a representation of the yield to maturity for 30-year debt on utilities rated A- as of December 31, 2024.  The use of the Company’s credit quality resulted in a reduction in the swap liability of $8 as of December 31, 2024.  The fair value of the swap reflecting the Company’s credit quality as of December 31, 2023 is shown in the table below.

    Description
     
    December 31, 2023
     
    Fair Value Measurements
    at Reporting Date Using
    Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
    Interest Rate Swap
     
    $632
     
    $632

    The carrying amount of current assets and liabilities that are considered financial instruments approximates fair value as of the dates presented.  The Company’s total long-term debt, with a carrying value of $208,178 at December 31, 2024, and $182,643 at December 31, 2023, had an estimated fair value of approximately $189,000 and $175,000, respectively.  The estimated fair value of debt was calculated using a discounted cash flow technique that incorporates a market interest yield curve with adjustments for duration and risk profile.  These inputs to this calculation are deemed to be Level 2 inputs.  The Company recognized its credit rating in determining the yield curve and did not factor in third party credit enhancements including the letter of credit on the 2008 PEDFA Series A issue.

    Customers’ advances for construction and note receivable have carrying values at December 31, 2024 of $20,546 and $255, respectively.  At December 31, 2023, customers’ advances for construction and note receivable had carrying values of $18,853 and $255, respectively.  The relative fair values of these amounts cannot be accurately estimated since the timing of future payment streams is dependent upon several factors, including new customer connections, customer consumption levels and future rate increases.


    8.  Commitments

    Based on its capital budget, the Company anticipates construction and acquisition expenditures for 2025 and 2026 of approximately $46,000 and $48,500, respectively, exclusive of any acquisitions not yet approved.  The Company plans to finance ongoing capital expenditures with internally-generated funds, borrowings against the Company’s line of credit, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under its dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase and sale plan and ESPP, potential common stock or debt issues and customer advances and contributions.

    The Company was granted approval by the PPUC to modify its tariff to include the cost of the annual replacement of up to 400 lead customer-owned service lines over nine years from the date of the agreement.  The tariff modification allows the Company to replace customer-owned service lines at its own initial cost.  The Company will record the costs as a regulatory asset to be recovered in future base rates to customers, over a four-year period.  The cost for the customer-owned lead service line replacements was approximately $1,961 and $1,762 through December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included as a regulatory asset.  Based on its experience, the Company estimates that lead customer-owned service lines replacements will cost $2,000.  This estimate is subject to adjustment as more facts become available.

    As of December 31, 2024, approximately 31% of the Company’s full-time employees are under union contract.  The current contract was ratified in June 2023 and expires on April 30, 2026.

    The Company is involved in certain legal and administrative proceedings before various courts and governmental agencies concerning utility service and other matters.  The Company expects that the ultimate disposition of these proceedings will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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    9.  Revenue

    The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by service and customer type.

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Water utility service:
               
    Residential
     
    $
    41,496
       
    $
    40,031
     
    Commercial and industrial
       
    20,484
         
    19,279
     
    Fire protection
       
    4,559
         
    4,124
     
    Wastewater utility service:
                   
    Residential
       
    6,113
         
    5,495
     
    Commercial and industrial
       
    1,299
         
    1,050
     
    Billing and revenue collection services
       
    494
         
    474
     
    Collection services
       
    34
         
    38
     
    Other revenue
       
    26
         
    50
     
    Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
       
    74,505
         
    70,541
     
    Rents from regulated property
       
    454
         
    490
     
    Total Operating Revenue
     
    $
    74,959
       
    $
    71,031
     

    Utility Service
    The Company provides utility service as a distinct and single performance obligation to each of its water and wastewater customers.  The transaction price is detailed in the tariff pursuant to an order by the PPUC and made publicly available.  There is no variable consideration and no free service, special rates, or subnormal charges to any customer.  Due to the fact that the contract includes a single performance obligation, no judgment is required to allocate the transaction price.  The performance obligation is satisfied over time through the continuous provision of utility service through a stand-ready obligation to perform and the transfer of water or the collection of wastewater through a series of distinct transactions that are identical in nature and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer.  The Company uses an output method to recognize the utility service revenue over time.  The stand-ready obligation is recognized through the passage of time in the form of a fixed charge and the transfer of water or the collection of wastewater is recognized at a per unit rate based on the actual or estimated flow through the meter.  Each customer is invoiced every month and the invoice is due within twenty days.  The utility service has no returns or warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.  A contract asset for unbilled revenue is recognized for the passage of time and the actual or estimated usage from the latest meter reading to the end of the accounting period.  The methodology is standardized and consistently applied to reduce bias and the need for judgment.

    Billing and Revenue Collection Service
    The Company provides billing and revenue collection service as distinct performance obligations to three municipalities within the service territory of the Company.  The municipalities provide service to their residents and the Company acts as the billing and revenue collection agent for the municipalities.  The transaction price is a fixed amount per bill prepared as established in the contract.  There is no variable consideration.  Due to the fact that both the billing performance obligation and the revenue collection performance obligation are materially complete by the end of the reporting period, the Company does not allocate the transaction price between the two performance obligations.  The performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when the bills are sent as the municipalities receive all the benefits and bears all of the risk of non-collection at that time.  Each municipality is invoiced when the bills are complete and the invoice is due within thirty days.  The billing and revenue collection service has no returns or warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.

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    Collection Service
    The Company provides collection service as a distinct and single performance obligation to several municipalities within the service territory of the Company.  The municipalities provide wastewater service to their residents.  If those residents are delinquent in paying for their wastewater service, the municipalities request that the Company post for and shut off the supply of water to the premises of those residents.  When the resident is no longer delinquent, the Company will restore water service to the premises.  The transaction price for each posting, each shut off, and each restoration is a fixed amount as established in the contract.  There is no variable consideration.  Due to the fact that the contract includes a single performance obligation, no judgment is required to allocate the transaction price.  The performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when the posting, shut off, or restoration is completed as the municipalities receive all the benefits in the form of payment or no longer providing wastewater service.  Each municipality is invoiced periodically for the posting, shut offs, and restorations that have been completed since the last billing and the invoice is due within thirty days.  The collection service has no returns or warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.  A contract asset for unbilled revenue is recognized for postings, shut offs, and restorations that have been completed from the last billing to the end of the accounting period.

    Service Line Protection Plan
    The Company provides service line protection as a distinct and single performance obligation to current water customers that choose to participate.  The transaction price is detailed in the plan’s terms and conditions and made publicly available.  There is no variable consideration.  Due to the fact that the contract includes a single performance obligation, no judgment is required to allocate the transaction price.  The performance obligation is satisfied over time through the continuous provision of service line protection through a stand-ready obligation to perform.  The Company uses an output method to recognize the service line protection revenue over time.  The stand-ready obligation is recognized through the passage of time.  A customer has a choice to prepay for an entire year or to pay in advance each month.  The service line protection plan has no returns or extended warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no material performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.


    10.  Rate Matters

    From time to time, the Company files applications for rate increases with the PPUC and is granted rate relief as a result of such requests.  Most recently, the PPUC authorized an increase in rates effective March 1, 2023.

    The PPUC permits water utilities to collect a distribution system improvement charge, or DSIC. The DSIC allows the Company to add a charge to customers’ bills for qualified replacement costs of certain infrastructure without submitting a rate filing.  This surcharge mechanism typically adjusts periodically based on additional qualified capital expenditures completed or anticipated in a future period.  The DSIC is capped at 5% of base rates, and is reset to zero when new base rates that reflect the costs of those additions become effective or when a utility’s earnings exceed a regulatory benchmark. The Company’s earnings are currently below the regulatory benchmark, thus allowing the Company to collect DSIC.  The DSIC provided revenues of $386 in 2024 and $249 in 2023.  The DSIC is subject to audit by the PPUC.

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    11.  Employee Benefit Plans

    Pensions
    The Company maintains a general and administrative and a union-represented defined benefit pension plan covering all of its employees hired prior to May 1, 2010.  Employees hired after May 1, 2010 are eligible for an enhanced 401(k) plan rather than a defined benefit plan.  The benefits under the defined benefit plans are based upon years of service and compensation near retirement.  The Company amended its defined benefit pension plans in 2014, generally limiting the years of eligible service under the plans to 30 years. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute annually the amount permitted by the PPUC to be collected from customers in rates, but in no case less than the minimum Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) required contribution.

    The following table sets forth the plans’ funded status as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.  The measurement of assets and obligations of the plans is as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

    Obligations and Funded Status
    At December 31
     
    2024
       
    2023
     
                 
    Change in Benefit Obligation
               
    Pension benefit obligation at beginning of year
     
    $
    40,198
       
    $
    38,717
     
    Service cost
       
    635
         
    598
     
    Interest cost
       
    1,855
         
    1,876
     
    Actuarial (gain) loss
       
    (2,997
    )
       
    974
     
    Benefit payments
       
    (2,135
    )
       
    (1,967
    )
    Pension benefit obligation at end of year
       
    37,556
         
    40,198
     
                     
    Change in Plan Assets
                   
    Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
       
    63,578
         
    55,807
     
    Actual return on plan assets
       
    1,011
         
    8,058
     
    Employer contributions
       
    111
         
    1,680
     
    Benefits paid
       
    (2,135
    )
       
    (1,967
    )
    Fair value of plan assets at end of year
       
    62,565
         
    63,578
     
                     
    Funded Status of Plans at End of Year
     
    $
    25,009
       
    $
    23,380
     

    The accounting standards require that the funded status of defined benefit pension plans be fully recognized on the balance sheets.  They also call for the unrecognized actuarial gain or loss, the unrecognized prior service cost, and the unrecognized transition costs to be adjustments to shareholders’ equity (accumulated other comprehensive income).  Due to a rate order granted by the PPUC, the Company is permitted under the accounting standards to defer the charges otherwise recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a regulatory asset.  Management believes these costs will be recovered in future rates charged to customers.  The asset for the funded status of the Company’s pension plans as of  December 31, 2024 and 2023 is recorded in “Prepaid pension cost” on its balance sheets.

    In 2024, the plans recognized a significant actuarial gain.  In 2024, the Company recognized a 70 basis point increase in the discount rate.  In 2023, the plans recognized a significant actuarial loss.  In 2023, the Company recognized a 25 basis point decrease in the discount rate.  The Company uses the corridor method to amortize actuarial gains and losses.  Gains and losses over 10% of the greater of pension benefit obligation or the market value of assets are amortized over the average future service of plan participants expected to receive benefits.

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    Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in regulatory liabilities are as follows:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Net gain arising during the year
     
    $
    (844
    )
     
    $
    (3,472
    )
    Recognized prior service credit
       
    13
         
    13
     
    Total changes in regulatory liability during the year
     
    $
    (831
    )
     
    $
    (3,459
    )

    Amounts recognized in regulatory liabilities that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost consist of the following at December 31:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Net loss
     
    $
    (1,370
    )
     
    $
    (526
    )
    Prior service credit
       
    (11
    )
       
    (24
    )
    Regulatory liability
     
    $
    (1,381
    )
     
    $
    (550
    )

    Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Service cost
     
    $
    635
       
    $
    598
     
    Interest cost
       
    1,855
         
    1,876
     
    Expected return on plan assets
       
    (3,164
    )
       
    (3,612
    )
    Amortization of prior service credit
       
    (13
    )
       
    (13
    )
    Rate-regulated adjustment
       
    798
         
    2,831
     
    Net periodic benefit cost
     
    $
    111
       
    $
    1,680
     

    Pension service cost is recorded in operating expenses.  All other components of net periodic pension cost are recorded as other pension costs in other income (expenses).

    The rate-regulated adjustment set forth above is required in order to reflect pension expense for the Company in accordance with the method used in establishing water rates.  The Company is permitted by rate order of the PPUC to expense pension costs to the extent of contributions and defer any remaining expense to regulatory assets or recognize the excess as a regulatory liability to be collected in rates at a later date as additional contributions are made.  During 2024, the deferral decreased by $798.

    The estimated costs for the defined benefit pension plans relating to the December 31, 2024 balance sheet that will be amortized from regulatory liabilities into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are as follows:

    Net loss
     
    $
    –
     
    Net prior service credit
       
    (11
    )
        $
    (11
    )

    The Company does not plan to contribute to the plans in 2025.

    The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid in each of the next five years and the subsequent five years in the aggregate:

    2025
     
    2026
     
    2027
     
    2028
     
    2029
     
    2030–2034
    $2,189
     
    $2,281
     
    $2,325
     
    $2,563
     
    $2,544
     
    $13,981

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    The following tables show the projected benefit obligation, the accumulated benefit obligation, and the fair value of plan assets as of December 31:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Projected benefit obligation
     
    $
    37,556
       
    $
    40,198
     
    Fair value of plan assets
       
    62,565
         
    63,578
     

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Accumulated benefit obligation
     
    $
    36,195
       
    $
    38,510
     
    Fair value of plan assets
       
    62,565
         
    63,578
     

    Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:

    2024
     
    2023
     
    Discount rate
    5.45%
     
    4.75%
     
    Rate of compensation increase
    2.50% – 3.00%
     
    2.50% – 3.00%
     

    Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended December 31:

    2024
     
    2023
     
    Discount rate
    4.75%
     
    5.00%
     
    Expected long-term return on plan assets
    5.00%
     
    5.00%
     
    Rate of compensation increase
    2.50% – 3.00%
     
    2.50% – 3.00%
     

    The selected long-term rate of return on plan assets was primarily based on the asset allocation of each of the plan’s assets.  Analysis of the historic returns of these asset classes and projections of expected future returns were considered in setting the long-term rate of return.

    The Company adopted new investment policy statements in December 2023.  The investment objective of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans is to grow the assets in such a manner that, when coupled with contributions to the plans, the assets are sufficient to pay the benefits promised to the participants and beneficiaries as they come due.  At December 31, 2023, compliance with the new investment policy had only recently commenced implementation, resulting in a significant portion of the assets in cash and money market funds awaiting deployment to the asset classes defined in the investment policy statements.

    The weighted-average target asset allocations are 70% to 90% fixed income securities, 10% to 30% equity securities, and 0% to 10% reserves (cash and cash equivalents).  The Company’s investment performance is reviewed on a quarterly basis, with long-term emphasis placed on results achieved over a three to five year period.

    Eligible investments for fixed income securities include: (i) U.S. Treasury securities and agency securities; (ii) agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities backed by loans secured by residential, multi-family and commercial properties including, but not limited to passthroughs, collateralized mortgage obligations, REMICs, project loans, construction loans, and adjustable rate mortgages; (iii) U.S.-dollar denominated obligations of foreign governments and supranational organizations; (iv) U.S.-dollar denominated obligations of domestic and foreign corporations; (v) asset-backed securities; (vi) municipal bonds, both taxable and tax-exempt issues; (vii) cash equivalent investments such as commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper, certificates of deposit (domestic and U.S.-dollar denominated foreign,) bankers’ acceptances and floating rate notes; and (viii) fixed income mutual funds and exchange traded funds consistent with the investment guidelines. At the time of purchase, securities must be rated investment grade pursuant to the inclusion rules for a reference benchmark provider. Securities that are not index eligible must be rated investment grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization at the time of purchase.  The portfolio is allowed to hold up to 5% in aggregate market value of the portfolio in bonds downgraded below investment grade, provided that an overall investment grade rating is maintained for the total portfolio.

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    Direct exposure to the following strategies and types of securities is prohibited: oil and gas wells; interest only securities; warrants; principal only securities; margin trading; and inverse floating rate securities.

    The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 by asset category and fair value hierarchy level are as follows.  The valuations are based on quoted prices on active markets (Level 1) or broker/dealer quotes, active market makers, models, and yield curves (Level 2)

     
    Total
    Fair
    Value
       
    Quoted Prices in
    Active Markets for
    Identical Assets
    (Level 1)
       
    Significant Other
    Observable Inputs
    (Level 2)
     
    Asset Category
     
    2024
       
    2023
       
    2024
       
    2023
       
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Cash and Money Market Funds (a)
     
    $
    1,665
       
    $
    53,490
       
    $
    1,665
       
    $
    53,490
        $ –     $ –  
    Equity Securities:
                                                   
    Equity Mutual Funds (b)
       
    11,643
         
    10,065
         
    11,643
         
    10,065
          –       –  
    Fixed Income Securities:
                                                   
    U.S. Treasury Obligations
        11,609       –       –       –       11,609       –  
    Corporate and Foreign Bonds (c)
        37,648       –       –       –       37,648       –  
    Fixed Income Mutual Funds (d)
       
    –
         
    23
         
    –
         
    23
          –       –  
    Total Plan Assets
     
    $
    62,565
       
    $
    63,578
       
    $
    13,308
       
    $
    63,578
          49,257       –  

    (a)
    The portfolios are designed to keep up to one year of distributions in immediately available funds. The Company was more heavily-weighted in cash as of December 31, 2023 due to the timing of the change in the investment policy statements.

    (b)
    This category includes a majority of investments in exchange traded funds as well as domestic equity mutual funds and international mutual funds which give the portfolio exposure to mid and large cap index funds as well as international diversified index funds.

    (c)
    This category includes corporate bonds and notes widely distributed among consumer discretionary, consumer staples, healthcare, information technology, energy, transportation, and financial services.

    (d)
    This category included fixed income investments in mutual funds which include government and corporate securities of both the U.S. and other countries.

    Defined Contribution Plan
    The Company has a savings plan pursuant to the provisions of section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.  For employees hired before May 1, 2010, this plan provides for elective employee contributions of up to 15% of compensation and Company matching contributions of 100% of the participant’s contribution, up to a maximum annual Company contribution of $2.8 for each employee.

    Employees hired after May 1, 2010 are entitled to an enhanced feature of the plan.  This feature provides for elective employee contributions of up to 15% of compensation and Company matching contributions of 100% of the participant’s contribution, up to a maximum of 4% of the employee’s compensation.  In addition, the Company will make an annual contribution of $1.2 to each employee’s account whether or not they defer their own compensation.  Employees eligible for this enhanced 401(k) plan feature are not eligible for the defined benefit plans.  As of December 31, 2024, 84 employees were participating in the enhanced feature of the plan.  The Company’s contributions to both portions of the plan amounted to $430 in 2024 and $380 in 2023.

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    Deferred Compensation
    The Company has non-qualified deferred compensation and supplemental retirement agreements with certain members of management. The future commitments under these arrangements are offset by corporate-owned life insurance policies. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the present value of the future obligations included in “Accrued compensation and benefits” and “Deferred employee benefits” was approximately $3,893 and $4,188, respectively. The insurance policies included in “Other assets” had a total cash value of approximately $4,935 and $4,566 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  The Company’s net (income) expenses under the plans amounted to $(9) in 2024 and $419 in 2023.

    Other
    The Company has a retiree life insurance program which pays the beneficiary of a retiree $2 upon the retiree’s death.  At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the present value of the future obligations was approximately $87 and $100, respectively.  There is no trust or insurance covering this future liability, instead the Company will pay these benefits out of its general assets.  The Company’s net (income) expenses under the plan amounted to $(11) in 2024 and $9 in 2023.


    12.  Stock-Based Compensation

    On May 2, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved The York Water Company Long-Term Incentive Plan, or LTIP.  The LTIP was adopted to provide the incentive of long-term stock-based awards to officers, directors, and key employees. The LTIP provides for the granting of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance restricted stock grants and units, restricted stock grants and units, and unrestricted stock grants.  A maximum of 100,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the LTIP over the ten-year life of the plan.  The maximum number of shares of common stock subject to awards that may be granted to any participant in any one calendar year is 2,000.  Shares of common stock issued under the LTIP may be treasury shares or authorized but unissued shares.  The LTIP is administered by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board, or the full Board, provided that the full Board administers the LTIP as it relates to awards to non-employee directors of the Company.  The Company filed a registration statement with the SEC on May 11, 2016 covering the offering of stock under the LTIP.  The LTIP was effective on July 1, 2016.

    On September 18, 2020, the Board awarded stock to non-employee directors effective September 18, 2020.  This stock award vested immediately.  On September 18, 2020, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded restricted stock to officers and key employees effective September 18, 2020.  This restricted stock award vests ratably over three years beginning September 18, 2020 and has been fully recognized as of December 31, 2023.

    On May 3, 2021, the Board awarded stock to non-employee directors effective May 3, 2021.  This stock award vested immediately.  On May 3, 2021, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded restricted stock to officers and key employees effective May 3, 2021.  This restricted stock award vests ratably over three years beginning May 3, 2021 and has been fully recognized as of December 31, 2024.

    On May 2, 2022, the Board awarded stock to non-employee directors effective May 2, 2022.  This stock award vested immediately.  On May 2, 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded restricted stock to officers and key employees effective May 2, 2022.  This restricted stock award vests ratably over three years beginning May 2, 2022.

    On May 1, 2023, the Board awarded stock to non-employee directors effective May 1, 2023.  This stock award vested immediately.  On May 1, 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded restricted stock to officers and key employees effective May 1, 2023.  This restricted stock award vests ratably over three years beginning May 1, 2023.

    On May 1, 2023, the Board accelerated the vesting period for restricted stock granted in 2021, 2022, and 2023 to one retiring key employee from three years to that key employee’s 2024 retirement date, which has been fully recognized as of December 31, 2024.

    On November 20, 2023, the Board awarded stock to an officer effective November 20, 2023.  This stock award vested immediately.

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    On January 29, 2024, the Board accelerated the vesting period for restricted stock granted in 2022 and 2023 to one retiring officer from three years to that officer’s 2024 retirement date, which has been fully recognized as of December 31, 2024.

    On May 6, 2024, the Board awarded stock to non-employee directors effective May 6, 2024.  This stock award vested immediately.  On May 6, 2024, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded restricted stock to officers and key employees effective May 6, 2024.  This stock award vests ratably over three years beginning May 6, 2024, with the exception of the stock award to one key employee which vested immediately.  The Board accelerated the vesting period for this restricted stock award to one retiring officer from three years to that officer’s 2024 retirement date, which has been fully recognized as of December 31, 2024.

    On November 25, 2024, the Board awarded stock to an officer effective November 25, 2024.  This stock award vested immediately.


    The restricted stock awards provide the grantee with the rights of a shareholder, including the right to receive dividends and to vote such shares, but not the right to sell or otherwise transfer the shares during the restriction period.  As a result, the awards are included in common shares outstanding on the balance sheet.  Restricted stock awards result in compensation expense valued at the fair market value of the stock on the date of the grant and are amortized ratably over the requisite service period.

    The following table summarizes the stock grant amounts and activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024.

     
    Number of Shares
       
    Grant Date Weighted
    Average Fair Value
     
    Nonvested at beginning of the year 2023
       
    10,765
       
    $43.24
     
    Granted
       
    6,792
       
    $41.63
     
    Vested
       
    (6,780
    )
     
    $43.09
     
    Forfeited
       
    (1,833
    )
     
    $42.29
     
    Nonvested at end of the year 2023
       
    8,944
       
    $42.32
     
    Granted
       
    6,666
       
    $36.82
     
    Vested
       
    (6,701
    )
     
    $41.35
     
    Forfeited
       
    (792
    )
     
    $42.20
     
    Nonvested at the end of the year 2024
       
    8,117
       
    $38.62
     

    For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the statement of income includes $246 and $300 of stock-based compensation, net and related recognized tax benefits of $68 and $84, respectively.  The total fair value of the shares vested in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $277 and $292, respectively.  Total stock-based compensation related to nonvested awards not yet recognized is $313 at December 31, 2024, which will be recognized over the remaining three-year vesting period.


    13.  Taxes Other than Income Taxes

    The following table provides the components of taxes other than income taxes:
         
       
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Regulatory Assessment
     
    $
    412
       
    $
    356
     
    Property
       
    502
         
    451
     
    Payroll, net of amounts capitalized
       
    757
         
    687
     
    Other
       
    5
         
    5
     
    Total taxes other than income taxes
     
    $
    1,676
       
    $
    1,499
     

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    14.  Income Taxes

    The provisions for income taxes consist of:
         
       
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Federal current
     
    $
    728
       
    $
    506
     
    State current
       
    147
         
    241
     
    Federal deferred
       
    409
         
    540
     
    State deferred
       
    102
       
    25
    Federal investment tax credit, net of current utilization
       
    (36
    )
       
    (35
    )
    Total income taxes
     
    $
    1,350
       
    $
    1,277
     

    A reconciliation of the statutory Federal tax provision to the total provision follows:
         
       
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Statutory Federal tax provision
     
    $
    4,552
       
    $
    5,257
     
    State income taxes, net of Federal benefit
       
    244
         
    287
     
    IRS TPR deduction
       
    (3,315
    )
       
    (4,029
    )
    Tax-exempt interest
       
    (33
    )
       
    (40
    )
    Amortization of investment tax credit
       
    (36
    )
       
    (35
    )
    Cash value of life insurance
       
    (19
    )
       
    5
     
    Amortization of excess accumulated deferred income taxes
    on accelerated depreciation
       
    (196
    )
       
    (197
    )
    Change in enacted state tax rate
        21       (9 )
    Other, net
       
    132
         
    38
     
    Total income taxes
     
    $
    1,350
       
    $
    1,277
     

    The Company filed for a change in accounting method under the IRS TPR effective in 2014.  Under the change in accounting method, the Company is permitted to deduct the costs of certain asset improvements that were previously being capitalized and depreciated for tax purposes as an expense on its income tax return.  The Company was permitted to make this deduction for prior years (the “catch-up deduction”) and for each year going forward (the “ongoing deduction”).  As a result of the catch-up deduction, income tax benefits of $3,887 were deferred as a regulatory liability.  After receiving approval from the PPUC in a rate order, the Company began to recognize the catch-up deduction, recorded as a regulatory liability, over 15 years beginning March 1, 2019.  As a result, the Company recognized $259 in income taxes during each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.  As a result of the ongoing deduction, the net income tax benefits of $3,056 and $3,770 for the years ended  December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, reduced income tax expense and flowed through to net income.  The ongoing deduction results in a reduction in the effective income tax rate, a net reduction in income tax expense, and a reduction in the amount of income taxes currently payable.  Both the ongoing and catch-up deductions result in increases to deferred tax liabilities and regulatory assets representing the appropriate book and tax basis difference on capital additions.

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    The 2017 Tax Act, among other things, reduces the federal statutory corporate tax rate for tax years beginning in 2018 from 34% to 21%, treats customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction as taxable income, eliminates certain deductions, and eliminates bonus depreciation on qualified water and wastewater property.  This resulted in the remeasurement of the federal portion of the Company’s deferred taxes as of December 31, 2017 to the 21% rate.  The effect was recognized in income for the year ended December 31, 2017 for all deferred tax assets and liabilities except accelerated depreciation.  Under normalization rules applicable to public utility property included in the 2017 Tax Act, the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation is recorded as a regulatory liability.  The regulatory liability is a temporary difference, so a deferred tax asset is recorded including the gross-up of revenue necessary to return, in rates, the effect of the temporary difference.  The Company is recognizing the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation, recorded as a regulatory liability, over the remaining useful life of the underlying assets.  As a result, the Company recognized $196 and $197 in income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  In November 2021, the 2021 Infrastructure Act repealed the tax treatment of customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction made after December 31, 2020.

    On July 8, 2022, the Pennsylvania budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023 was signed into law.  A provision within the tax code bill included with the budget provides for an annual phase-down of the Pennsylvania corporate net income tax rate of one percentage point in the first year beginning January 1, 2023 from 9.99% to 8.99%, and a one-half percentage point each year thereafter until it reaches 4.99% beginning January 1, 2031.  The Company has remeasured the state portion of the Company’s deferred income taxes.  The effect, net of the federal benefit, of $21 and $(9) was recognized in income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  Deferred income taxes for differences that are recognized for ratemaking purposes on a cash or flow-through basis were remeasured with offsetting changes to regulatory assets and liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.  The Company expects any savings in its Pennsylvania current income taxes to be returned to its customers through the rate making process or as a future negative surcharge on their bills.

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    The tax effects of temporary differences between book and tax balances that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the following table:

     
    2024
       
    2023
     
    Deferred tax assets:
               
    Reserve for doubtful accounts
     
    $
    440
       
    $
    278
     
    Compensated absences
       
    178
         
    186
     
    Deferred compensation
       
    998
         
    1,073
     
    Excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation
       
    3,280
         
    3,335
     
    Deferred taxes associated with the gross-up of revenues necessary to
    return, in rates, the effect of temporary differences
       
    1,622
         
    1,623
     
    Customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of
    construction
       
    1,032
         
    1,117
     
    Tax effect of pension regulatory liability
       
    5,693
         
    5,286
     
    Tax loss carryover
        71       168  
    Contribution carryover
        16       113  
    Other costs deducted for book, not for tax
       
    50
         
    62
     
    Total deferred tax assets
       
    13,380
         
    13,241
     
                     
    Deferred tax liabilities:
                   
    Accelerated depreciation
       
    30,069
         
    29,298
     
    Basis differences from IRS TPR
       
    26,787
         
    23,182
     
    Investment tax credit
       
    265
         
    290
     
    Deferred taxes associated with the gross-up of revenues necessary to
    recover, in rates, the effect of temporary differences
       
    10,208
         
    8,965
     
    Pensions
       
    6,237
         
    5,831
     
    Unamortized debt issuance costs
       
    333
         
    363
     
    Other costs deducted for tax, not for book
       
    638
         
    547
     
    Total deferred tax liabilities
       
    74,537
         
    68,476
     
                     
    Net deferred tax liability
     
    $
    61,157
       
    $
    55,235
     

    In accordance with accounting standards, the net deferred tax liability is classified as a noncurrent deferred income tax liability on the balance sheets.

    The Company has a Pennsylvania tax loss carryover of $1,118.  If not used, this carryover will expire in 2042.  The Company has contribution carryovers of $58.  If not used, these carryovers will expire in 2027.

    No valuation allowance was required for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.  In assessing the value of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.  Based upon expected future taxable income and the current regulatory environment, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences.

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    The Company determined that there were no uncertain tax positions meeting the recognition and measurement test of the accounting standards recorded in the years that remain open for review by taxing authorities, which are 2021 through 2023 for both federal and state income tax returns.  The Company has not yet filed tax returns for 2024.  The Company believes that it has fully complied with any changes pursuant to the 2017 Tax Act and the 2021 Infrastructure Act and has not taken any new positions in its 2024 income tax provision.

    The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in other expenses.  The Company paid no interest or penalties for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.



    Item 9.
    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

    None.


    Item 9A.
    Controls and Procedures.

    Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

    The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer along with the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective such that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.  A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance, however, that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

    No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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    Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

    Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

    Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

    Management evaluated the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.  In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework).  As a result of this assessment and based on the criteria in the COSO framework, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.


    Item 9B.
    Other Information.

    Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

    No officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted, modified and/or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.


    Item 9C.
    Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

    None.

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    PART III

    Item 10.
    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

    Directors of the Registrant

    The information set forth under the caption “Election of Directors” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

    Executive Officers of the Registrant

    The information set forth under the caption “Executive Officers of the Company” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

    Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

    The information set forth under the caption “Deliquent Section 16(a) Reports” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

    Code of Ethics

    The information set forth under the caption “Code of Ethics” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

    Audit Committee

    The information set forth under the caption “Board Committees and Functions” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

    Insider Trading Policy

    The information set forth under the caption “Insider Trading Policy and Procedures” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


    Item 11.
    Executive Compensation.

    The information set forth under the caption “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” and “Stock Ownership and Equity Granting Process”of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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    Item 12.
    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

    Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

    The following table provides information for the equity compensation plan of the Company as of December 31, 2024:

     
     
     
     
     
     
    Plan Category
     
     
    Number of
    securities to be
    issued upon exercise
    of outstanding
    options, warrants
    and rights
     
     
     
    Weighted-average
    exercise price of
    outstanding
    options, warrants
    and rights
     
    Number of securities
    remaining available for
    future issuance under
    equity compensation
    plans (excluding
    securities reflected in
    column (a))
       
    (a)
     
    (b)
     
    (c)
    Equity compensation plans
    approved by security holders*
     
     
    -
     
     
    -
     
     
    97,046
                 
    Equity compensation plans not
    approved by security holders
     
     
    -
     
     
    -
     
     
    0

    *Amounts are subject to adjustment to reflect stock dividends, stock splits, or other relevant changes in capitalization.

    Under the Company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan, 56,767 shares remain available for awards as of December 31, 2024.  In addition, the Company has an employee stock purchase plan that allows employees to purchase stock at a 5% discount up to a maximum of 10% of their gross compensation.  Under this plan, 40,279 authorized shares remain unissued as of December 31, 2024.

    The information set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


    Item 13.
    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

    The information set forth under the caption “Director Independence” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.


    Item 14.
    Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

    The information set forth under the caption “Principal Accountant’s Fees and Services” of the 2025 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

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    PART IV


    Item 15.
    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

    (a)
    Certain documents filed as part of the Form 10-K.

    1.
    The financial statements set forth under Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

    Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023
    Statements of Income for Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
    Statements of Common Stockholders’ Equity for Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
    Statements of Cash Flows for Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
    Notes to Financial Statements

    2.
    Financial Statement schedules.

    Schedule
    Schedule
    Page
    Number
    Description
    Number
         
    II
    Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
    61
     
    for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
     

    The report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the financial statement schedule appears on page 22.

    All other financial statements and schedules not listed have been omitted since the required information is included in the financial statements or the notes thereto, or is not applicable or required.

    3.
    Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

    Exhibit
    Number
     
    Exhibit
    Description
     
    Page Number of
    Incorporation
    By Reference
             
    3
     
    Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K dated May 4, 2010.
     
    3.1
     
    Amended and Restated By-Laws
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K dated January 26, 2012.
     

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    Exhibit
    Number
     
    Exhibit
    Description
     
    Page Number of
    Incorporation
    By Reference
             
    4.1
     
    Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase and Sale Plan
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form S-3 dated November 7, 2022 (File No. 333-268204).
     
    4.2
     
    Description of The York Water Company Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

    10.1
     
    Articles of Agreement Between The York Water Company and Springettsbury Township relative to Extension of Water Mains dated April 17, 1985
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s 1989 Form 10-K.

    10.2
     
    Variable Rate Loan Agreement between The York Water Company and Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority, dated as of May 1, 2008 relative to the $12,000,000 Exempt Facilities Revenue Bonds
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s May 12, 2008 Form 8-K.
    10.3
     
    Trust Indenture dated as of May 1, 2008 between Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority and Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company, as trustee
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference. Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s September 15, 2009 Form 8-K.
    10.4
     
    Reimbursement, Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2008 between The York Water Company and PNC Bank, National Association
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s May 12, 2008 Form 8-K.
    10.5
     
    Loan Agreement between The York Water Company and York County Industrial Development Authority, entered into July 23, 2015 and dated as of July 1, 2015 relative to the $10,000,000 4.00% - 4.50% Exempt Facilities Revenue Bonds.
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference. Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s July 24, 2015 Form 8-K.
    10.6
     
    Trust Indenture entered into July 23, 2015 and dated as of July 1, 2015 between York County Industrial Development Authority and Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company, as trustee
     
    Incorporated herein by reference. Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s July 24, 2015 Form 8-K.


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    Exhibit
    Number
     
    Exhibit
    Description
     
    Page Number of
    Incorporation
    By Reference
             
    10.7*
     
    Cash Incentive Plan
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s January 28, 2005 Form 8-K.

    10.8*
     
    Form of Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement originally effective as of August 1, 2022 between The York Water Company and each of the individuals listed on a schedule attached thereto, which plans are identical in all material respects except as indicated in Schedule 10.8
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    10.9*
     
    Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Retirement Plan originally effective as of August 1, 2023 between The York Water Company and each of the individuals listed on a schedule attached thereto, which plans are identical in all material respects except as indicated in Schedule 10.9
     
      Filed herewith.
    10.10*
     
    Form of Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan originally effective as of July 1, 2015 between The York Water Company and each of the individuals listed on a schedule attached thereto, which plans are identical in all material respects except as indicated in Schedule 10.18

     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s March 10, 2020 Form 10-K.
    10.11*
     
    Form of Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan originally effective as of January 1, 2016 between The York Water Company and each of the individuals listed on a schedule attached thereto, which plans are identical in all material respects except as indicated in Schedule 10.11
     
     
    Filed herewith.
     
    10.12*
     
    Long-Term Incentive Plan
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form S-8 dated May 11, 2016 (File No. 333-211287).
     
    10.13*
     
    Employee Stock Purchase Plan
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s March 7, 2017 Form 10-K.

    10.14
     
    Note Agreement relative to the $20,000,000 4.54% Senior Notes, dated January 31, 2019
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s February 5, 2019 Form 8-K.
     
    Table of Contents
    Page 58

    Exhibit
    Number
     
    Exhibit
    Description
     
    Page Number of
    Incorporation
    By Reference
             
    10.15
     
    Note Agreement relative to the $15,000,000 3.23% Senior Notes, dated October 1, 2019
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s October 2, 2019 Form 8-K.

    10.16
     
    Loan Agreement between The York Water Company and Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority entered into October 8, 2019 and dated as of September 1, 2019 relative to the $25,370,000 3.00% - 3.10% Exempt Facilities Revenue Refunding Bonds.

     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s October 9, 2019 Form 8-K.
    10.17
     
    Trust Indenture entered into October 8, 2019 and dated as of September 1, 2019 between Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority and Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company, as trustee.

     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s October 9, 2019 Form 8-K.
    10.18
     
    Note Agreement relative to the $30,000,000 3.24% Senior Notes, dated September 30, 2020
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s October 2, 2020 Form 8-K.

    10.19
     
    Note Agreement relative to the $40,000,000 5.50% Senior Notes, dated February 24, 2023
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s February 27, 2023 Form 8-K.
     
     10.20  
    Note Agreement relative to the $40,000,000 5.67% Senior Notes, dated February 27, 2024
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s February 28, 2024 Form 8-K.
     
    14
     
    Company Code of Conduct
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 14 to the Company’s August 6, 2014 Form 10-Q.

    19  
    Insider Trading Policy
     
     
    Filed herewith
     
    23
     
    Consent of Baker Tilly US, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    Table of Contents
    Page 59


    Exhibit
    Number
     
    Exhibit
    Description
     
    Page Number of
    Incorporation
    By Reference
             
     31.1  
    Certification pursuant to
    Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)

      Filed herewith.
     31.2
     
    Certification pursuant to
    Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)

      Filed herewith.
     32.1  
    Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

      Filed herewith.
     32.2
     
    Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

      Filed herewith.
    97
     
    The York Water Company Clawback Policy
     
     
    Incorporated herein by reference.  Filed previously with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 97 to the Company’s March 5, 2024 Form 10-K.

    101.INS
     
    Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    101.SCH
     
    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    101.CAL
     
    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    101.DEF
     
    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    101.LAB
     
    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    101.PRE
     
    Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    104
     
    Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
     
     
    Filed herewith.
    * Management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as exhibits pursuant
    to Item 15(a)(3) of this Annual Report.


    Item 16.
    Form 10-K Summary.

    None.

    Table of Contents
    Page 60

    THE YORK WATER COMPANY

    Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
    For the Two Years Ended December 31, 2024

         
    Additions
             
    Description
     
    Balance at
    Beginning
    of Year
     
    Charged to
    Cost and
    Expenses
     
    Recoveries
     
    Deductions
     
    Balance at
    End of Year
     
    FOR THE YEAR ENDED
    DECEMBER 31, 2024
    Reserve for
    uncollectible accounts
     
    $
    1,005,000
     
    $
    1,071,758
     
    $
    30,658
     
    $
    497,416
     
    $
    1,610,000
     
                                     
    FOR THE YEAR ENDED
    DECEMBER 31, 2023
    Reserve for
    uncollectible accounts
     
    $
    855,000
     
    $
    538,152
     
    $
    24,646
     
    $
    412,798
     
    $
    1,005,000
     

    The Deductions column above represents write-offs of accounts receivable during the applicable year.

    Table of Contents
    Page 61


    SIGNATURES

    Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

     
    THE YORK WATER COMPANY
     
    (Registrant)
       
    Dated: March 3, 2025
    By: /s/ Joseph T. Hand
     
    Joseph T. Hand
     
    President and CEO

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
       
    By: /s/ Joseph T. Hand
    By: /s/ Matthew E. Poff
    Joseph T. Hand
    Matthew E. Poff
    (Principal Executive Officer and Director)
    (Principal Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer)
    Dated: March 3, 2025
    Dated: March 3, 2025
       
    Directors:
    Date:
       
    By: /s/ Paul R. Bonney
    March 3, 2025
    Paul R. Bonney
     
       
    By: /s/ Douglas S. Brossman
    March 3, 2025
    Douglas S. Brossman
     
       
    By: /s/ Michael W. Gang
    March 3, 2025
    Michael W. Gang
     
       
    By: /s/ Joseph T. Hand
    March 3, 2025
    Joseph T. Hand
     
       
    By: /s/ Jeffrey R. Hines
    March 3, 2025
    Jeffrey R. Hines
     
       
    By: /s/ George W. Hodges
    March 3, 2025
    George W. Hodges
     
       
    By: /s/ Robert F. Lambert
    March 3, 2025
    Robert F. Lambert
     
       
    By: /s/ Jody L. Keller
    March 3, 2025
    Jody L. Keller
     
       
    By: /s/ Erin C. McGlaughlin
    March 3, 2025
    Erin C. McGlaughlin
     
       
    By: /s/ Steven R. Rasmussen
    March 3, 2025
    Steven R. Rasmussen
     
       
    By: /s/ Laura T. Wand
    March 3, 2025
    Laura T. Wand
     

    Table of Contents

    Page 62
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