SEC Form 10-Q filed by Iron Horse Acquisitions Corp.
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(MARK ONE)
For the quarterly period ended
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The | ||||
| The | ||||
| The | ||||
| The |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | |||
| Emerging growth company | ||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes
As of May 15, 2025,
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Interim Financial Statements.
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Prepaid insurance | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Marketable securities held in Trust Account | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Accrued offering costs | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Loan payable | ||||||||
| Promissory note | ||||||||
| Promissory note – related party | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred underwriting fee payable | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 5) | ||||||||
| Common stock subject to possible redemption, | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Deficit | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited financial statements.
1
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Formation and operational costs(1) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income: | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of over-allotment option liability | ||||||||
| Gain on lawsuit settlements | ||||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | ||||||||
| Total other income | ||||||||
| Income before provision for income taxes | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding of redeemable shares | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted net income per common share, redeemable shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding of non-redeemable shares | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted net income per common share, non-redeemable shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| (1) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited financial statements.
2
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
| Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Remeasurement of Common Stock subject to possible redemption | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
| Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Deficit | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - December 31, 2023(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeiture of Founder Shares | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remeasurement of Common Stock subject to possible redemption | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2024(1) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (1) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited financial statements.
3
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
For
the Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Change in fair value of overallotment liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid insurance | ( | ) | ||||||
| Due from Sponsor | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Cash withdrawn from Trust Account to pay for franchise taxes | ||||||||
| Investment of cash into Trust Account | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from promissory note – related party | ||||||||
| Proceeds from promissory note | ||||||||
| Payment of accrued offering costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Change in Cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash – Beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash – End of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-Cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Remeasurement of Common Stock subject to possible redemption | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited financial statements.
4
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Iron Horse Acquisitions Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware on November 23, 2021 as a blank check company whose objective is to acquire, through a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination, one or more businesses or entities (a “Business Combination”).
As of March 31, 2025, the Company had not yet commenced any operations. All activity from November 23, 2021 (inception) through March 31, 2025 relates to the Company’s formation and the Initial Public Offering (the “IPO”), which is described below, and subsequent to the IPO, identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year-end.
The registration statement
for the IPO was declared effective on December 26, 2023. On December 29, 2023, the Company consummated the IPO of
Simultaneously with the closing
of the IPO, the Company consummated the sale of
Transaction costs amounted
to $
The Units were listed on
the Nasdaq Global Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). Pursuant to Nasdaq’s listing rules, the Company’s
initial Business Combination must be with a target business or businesses whose collective fair market value is at least equal to
Following the closing of
the IPO on December 29, 2023, an amount of $
5
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
The Company, after signing a definitive agreement for the acquisition of a target business and in connection with consummating such a Business Combination, is required to provide stockholders who acquired shares of common stock sold as part of the Units in the IPO (“Public Stockholders”) with the opportunity to have the Company redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata share of the Trust Account. The holders of the Founder Shares (as defined in Note 6) agreed to vote any shares they then hold in favor of any proposed Business Combination and will waive any conversion rights with respect to these shares pursuant to letter agreements executed prior to the IPO.
The Company will seek stockholder
approval of any initial Business Combination at a meeting called for such purpose in connection with which Public Stockholders may seek
to convert their Public Shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed Business Combination. Alternatively, the Company
may conduct a tender offer and allow conversions in connection therewith. If the Company seeks stockholder approval of an initial Business
Combination, any Public Stockholder voting either for or against such proposed Business Combination or not voting at all will be entitled
to demand that his Public Shares be converted into a full pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (initially $
If the Company is unable
to complete its initial Business Combination and expends all of the net proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants not deposited
in the Trust Account, without taking into account any interest earned on the Trust Account, the Company expects that the initial per-share
redemption price for the Public Shares will be $
On October 25, 2024, the Company received the resignation of Ms. Jane Waxman as Chief Financial Officer of the Company effective immediately. Ms. Waxman’s resignation was due to personal reasons and was not the result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. Ms. Waxman will continue to serve as a director of the Company. On the same date, the Company’s current Chief Operating Officer, William Caragol, was appointed as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer by the Company’s board of directors.
Liquidity and Going Concern Consideration
As of March 31, 2025, the
Company had cash of $
Until the consummation of an Initial Business Combination, the Company will be using the funds held outside the Trust Account for identifying and evaluating target businesses, performing due diligence on prospective target businesses, paying for travel expenditures, reviewing corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structuring, negotiating and completing an Initial Business Combination.
6
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
On October 14, 2024, the
Company issued unsecured promissory note to the Target to pay or cause to be paid, the Acquiror Transaction Expenses, as may be incurred
from time to time and as such expenses become due and payable. This loan is non-interest bearing, unsecured and repayable upon the date
on which the Company consummates its initial business transaction or, at the Company’s discretion, if funds allow. As of March 31,
2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $
On December 4, 2024, the
Company issued an extension note (“First Extension”) to the Target of $
As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, there was $$
In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with the authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that the Company currently lacks the liquidity it needs to sustain operations for a reasonable period of time, which is considered to be at least one year from the date that the financial statements are issued as it expects to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of its acquisition plans. In addition, the Company has until June 29, 2025 to consummate a Business Combination by the full amount of time (“Combination Period”). It is uncertain whether the Company will be able to consummate a Business Combination by this time. If a Business Combination is not consummated by June 29, 2025, there will be a mandatory liquidation and subsequent dissolution. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. No adjustments have been made to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities should the Company be required to liquidate after June 29, 2025. The Company intends to continue to seek to complete a Business Combination before the mandatory liquidation date. The Company is within 12 months of its mandatory liquidation date as of the time of filing of this Quarter Report on Form 10-Q.
Risks and Uncertainties
United States and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the geopolitical instability resulting from the invasion of Ukraine by Russia and conflicts in the Middle East and around the Red Sea. In response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) deployed additional military forces to eastern Europe, and the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and other countries have announced various sanctions and restrictive actions against Russia, Belarus and related individuals and entities, including the removal of certain financial institutions from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) payment system. Certain countries, including the United States, have also provided and may continue to provide military aid or other assistance, increasing geopolitical tensions among a number of nations. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and conflicts in the Middle East and around the Red Sea and the resulting measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by NATO, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Middle East and other countries have created global security concerns that could have a lasting impact on regional and global economies. Although the length and impact of the ongoing conflicts are highly unpredictable, they could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions and increased cyber-attacks against U.S. companies. Additionally, any resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets.
Any of the above mentioned factors, or any other negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or other geopolitical conditions resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East and around the Red Sea and subsequent sanctions or related actions, could adversely affect the Company’s search for an initial business combination and any target business with which the Company may ultimately consummate an initial business combination.
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
On August 16, 2022, the
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”) was signed into federal law. The IR Act provides for, among other things,
a new U.S. federal
7
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
Any redemption or other repurchase that occurs after December 31, 2022, in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise, may be subject to the excise tax. Whether and to what extent the Company would be subject to the excise tax in connection with a Business Combination, extension vote or otherwise would depend on a number of factors, including (i) the fair market value of the redemptions and repurchases in connection with the Business Combination, extension or otherwise, (ii) the structure of a Business Combination, (iii) the nature and amount of any “PIPE” or other equity issuances in connection with a Business Combination (or otherwise issued not in connection with a Business Combination but issued within the same taxable year of a Business Combination) and (iv) the content of regulations and other guidance from the Treasury. In addition, because the excise tax would be payable by the Company and not by the redeeming holder, the mechanics of any required payment of the excise tax have not been determined. The foregoing could cause a reduction in the cash available on hand to complete a Business Combination and in the Company’s ability to complete a Business Combination.
Business Combination Agreement
On September 29, 2024, the
Company entered into a business combination agreement, dated as of September 27, 2024 (the “Business Combination Agreement”),
with Rosey Sea Holdings Limited, a company incorporated and existing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Seller”)
and the owner of
The Business Combination
Agreement provides, among other things, that the Company will purchase from Seller the ordinary shares of the Target in exchange for shares
of the Company’s common stock, par value $
Representations and Warranties; Covenants
The parties to the Business Combination Agreement have agreed to customary representations and warranties for transactions of this type including representations and warranties with respect to the Target made by Seller. In addition, the parties agreed to be bound by certain customary covenants for transactions of this type, including, among others, covenants with respect to the conduct of the Company and the Target and its subsidiaries during the period between the execution of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing. Each of Seller and the Company also agreed to use reasonable best efforts to obtain all material consents and approvals of third parties that the parties are required to obtain in order to consummate the Transactions, and to take or cause such other action as may be reasonably necessary or as the other party may reasonably request to consummate the Transactions as soon as practicable. Additionally, the parties have agreed not to facilitate, negotiate or enter into competing transactions, as further provided in the Business Combination Agreement.
The Company and Seller also agreed, among other things, that during the period between the execution of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing, to the extent permitted by applicable law, they will, and will cause their subsidiaries to, allow the other party and its representatives to continue to conduct due diligence investigations and examinations of the Target and its subsidiaries (on the part of the Company) or the Company (on the part of Seller), and cooperate with the other party and its representatives regarding all other due diligence matters, including document requests.
The Company agreed to take all action within its power so that immediately following the Closing, the Company’s board of directors will consist of no fewer than five individuals, two of whom may be designated by the Company’s sponsor, and a majority of whom must qualify as independent directors under applicable stock exchange regulations, and that shall comply with all diversity requirements under applicable law. Seller agreed to take all action within its power so that immediately following the Closing, the board of directors of the Target and each subsidiary thereof consist of directors designated in writing by the Company and that complies with applicable law.
8
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations
Under the Business Combination Agreement, the obligations of the Company to consummate the Transactions are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions, including, without limitation: (i) the Stockholders’ Approval having been obtained; (ii) all regulatory approvals, consents, actions, inactions, or waivers necessary or advisable to lawfully complete the Transactions having been obtained, expired or terminated, as applicable; (iii) the registration statement containing the proxy statement/prospectus to be filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating to the shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Registration Statement”) becoming effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement having been issued, and no proceeding seeking such a stop order having been threatened or initiated by the SEC and not withdrawn; (iv) the Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Transactions having been approved for listing on Nasdaq; (v) no order or law having been issued by any governmental entity, securities exchange or similar body that is then in effect or pending and that has the effect of making the Transactions illegal or that otherwise prevents or prohibits consummation of the Transactions; (vi) the representations and warranties of Seller being true and correct, subject to the materiality standards contained in the Business Combination Agreement; (vii) material compliance by Seller with its pre-closing covenants; (viii) the absence of a Company Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement); (ix) Seller having executed the Shareholder Support Agreement and the Lock-Up Agreement (each as defined below); and (x) the Company having completed and being reasonably satisfied with its due diligence review of the Target.
Under the Business Combination Agreement, the obligations of Seller to consummate the Transactions are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions, including, without limitation: (i) the representations and warranties of the Company being true and correct, subject to the materiality standards contained in the Business Combination Agreement; (ii) material compliance by the Company with its pre-closing covenants; and (iii) the absence of an Acquiror Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement).
Termination
The Business Combination Agreement provides that it may be terminated, and the Transactions abandoned, under certain customary and limited circumstances, including, without limitation: (i) upon the mutual written consent of Seller and the Company; (ii) by either Seller or the Company if any governmental entity, court, securities exchange or similar body shall have issued an order that has the effect of making consummation of the Transactions illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the Transactions and such order shall have become final and non appealable; (iii) by Seller within 10 business days after the Company changes its recommendation with respect to the Transaction Proposals; (iv) by either Seller or the Company if the Company holds the Stockholder Meeting and the Stockholders’ Approval is not received; (v) by the Company if Seller has not delivered required audited and financial statements of the Target by certain dates; (vi) by either Seller or the Company if the other is in breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in the Business Combination Agreement such that certain conditions to the Closing cannot be satisfied and such breach is not capable of being cured or is not cured within 30 days after receipt of notice of such breach; or (vii) by either Seller or the Company if the Closing has not occurred on or before September 1, 2025.
Neither Seller nor the Company is required to pay a termination fee or reimburse the other for its expenses as a result of a termination of the Business Combination Agreement. Each of them will, however, remain liable for willful and material breaches of the Business Combination Agreement prior to termination.
9
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
Trust Account Waiver
Seller agreed that neither it nor its affiliates will have any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the Company’s trust account held for its public shareholders, and agreed not to, and waived any right to, make any claim against the Trust Account (including any distributions therefrom).
Other Agreements
The Business Combination Agreement provides that, subsequent to the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, Seller, the Company and the Target will enter into a voting and support agreement pursuant to which, among other things, Seller will agree that it will not transfer and will vote its ordinary shares of the Target in favor of the Business Combination Agreement (including by execution of a written consent) and the Transactions, and that it will take such other actions as may be necessary to further its performance of the Business Combination Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions (the “Shareholder Support Agreement”).
The Business Combination Agreement also provides that, subsequent to the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, Seller, the Company and the Company’s sponsor will enter into a voting support agreement pursuant to which, among other things, the sponsor will agree that it will not transfer and will vote its shares of Common Stock and the Company’s preferred stock, or any additional shares of Common Stock or the Company’s preferred stock that it acquires prior to the Stockholder Meeting, in favor of the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions and each of the Transaction Proposals.
The Business Combination Agreement provides that, subsequent to the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, Seller will enter into lock-up agreements with the Company pursuant to which, among other things, Seller will agree that it will not sell, for the period set forth therein, the shares of Common Stock it receives under the Business Combination Agreement (the “Lock-Up Agreement”).
Finally, the Business Combination Agreement provides that the Company and Seller will at the Closing enter into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which, among other things, the Company will agree to provide Seller with certain rights relating to the registration for resale of the shares of Common Stock it receives under the Business Combination Agreement.
On December 18, 2024, the
Company, Zhong Guo Liang Tou Group Limited, a company incorporated and existing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“CFI”),
and Rosy Sea Holdings Limited, a company incorporated and existing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Seller”)
and the owner of
The material changes that
were included in the Amended Agreement: (i) including CFI as a party to the Business Combination, which included CFI making the representations
and warranties; (ii) including compensation to the Sponsor in the amount of $
10
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.
The accompanying unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future periods.
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not applicable to emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the unaudited financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the unaudited financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
11
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
The provision for income
taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $
Offering Costs
The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A – “Expenses of Offering”. Deferred offering costs consist of underwriting, legal, accounting and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the IPO. Offering costs were allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the IPO based on relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs allocated to the Public Shares were charged to temporary equity and offering costs allocated to Public Rights and Warrants were charged to stockholders’ deficit at the completion of the IPO.
Redeemable Share Classification
The Public Shares contain a redemption feature that allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies Public Common Stock subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Public Shares sold as part of the Units in the IPO were issued with other freestanding instruments (i.e., Public Warrants) and as such, the initial carrying value of Public Shares classified as temporary equity are the allocated proceeds determined in accordance with ASC 470-20. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as it occurs and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the IPO, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Common Stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ deficit section of the Company’s balance sheets. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable shares are affected by charges against additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the common stock subject to possible redemption reflected in the balance sheets are reconciled in the following table:
| Gross proceeds | $ | |||
| Less: | ||||
| Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants | ( | ) | ||
| Proceeds allocated to Public Rights | ( | ) | ||
| Proceeds allocated to over-allotment option | ( | ) | ||
| Common Stock issuance cost | ( | ) | ||
| Plus: | ||||
| Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | ||||
| Common Stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2023 | ||||
| Plus: | ||||
| Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | ||||
| Common Stock subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024 | ||||
| Plus: | ||||
| Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value | ||||
| Common Stock subject to possible redemption, March 31, 2025 | $ |
Net Income per Common Stock
The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Net income per share of Common Stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for the period. Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value of redeemable shares of Common Stock is excluded from income per share as the redemption value approximates fair value.
12
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
The calculation of
diluted income per share does not consider the effect of the rights and warrants issued in connection with the (i) IPO, and (ii) the private
placement as the exercise of the rights and warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024,
the rights and warrants are exercisable to purchase
The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common stock (in dollars, except per share amounts):
| For the Three Months Ended | For the Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2025 | March 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Redeemable | Non-redeemable | Redeemable | Non-redeemable | |||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted net income per common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net income per common stock | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company evaluates its
financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance
with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant
date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statement of operations. The classification
of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end
of each reporting period. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether
or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instruments could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. At December
31, 2023, the over-allotment option is deemed to be a freestanding financial instrument indexed on the contingently redeemable shares
and was accounted for as a liability pursuant to ASC 480. On February 12, 2024, the remainder of the over-allotment option to purchase
Warrant Instruments
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480 and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the shares of Common Stock and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. Upon further review of the warrant agreement, management concluded that the warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying unaudited financial statements.
13
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
Pursuant to the IPO, the
Company sold
Each Public Warrant will
become exercisable
NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT
Simultaneously with the closing
of the IPO, the sponsor purchased an aggregate of
NOTE 5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Registration Rights
The holders of the Founder Shares, Representative Shares (as defined in Note 7), and Private Placement Warrants, as well as any warrants that may be issued in payment of Working Capital Loans (as defined in Note 6) made to the Company, are entitled to registration rights pursuant to an agreement signed prior to or on the effective date of the IPO. The holders of a majority of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands that the Company register such securities. The holders of the majority of the Founder Shares can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which these shares of common stock are to be released from escrow. The holders of a majority of the Representative Shares, Private Placement Warrants and warrants issued in payment of Working Capital Loans (or underlying securities) can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time after the Company consummates a Business Combination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, EF Hutton may only make a demand on one occasion and only during the five-year period beginning on the effective date of the IPO. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the consummation of a Business Combination; provided, however, that EF Hutton may participate in a “piggy-back” registration only during the seven-year period beginning on the effective date of the IPO. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Underwriting Agreement
The Company granted the underwriters
a
The underwriters were entitled
to a cash underwriting discount of
14
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Founder Shares
In November 2021, the Company
issued an aggregate of
Promissory Note — Related Party
On November 30, 2021, and
as amended on July 11, 2022, November 1, 2022, May 15, 2023, June 30, 2023, and October 4, 2023, the Company issued a $
On March 26, 2025, the Company
issued an extension note (“Second Extension”) to the Sponsor of $
As of March 31, 2025 and
December 31, 2024, there was $
Due from Sponsor
On January 4, 2024, the Company
initiated a lawsuit against Omnia Global a/k/a Omnia Schweiz GmbH, Daniel Hansen, Mette Abel Hansen, and James Mair Findlay (collectively,
“Omnia”) by filing a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, Case No. 1:24-cv-00048 alleging
that Omnia had breached the Pre-Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and Omnia, dated as of May 12, 2023. The Company and Omnia
have agreed to an amicable resolution of the lawsuit on mutually acceptable terms and without admission of fault by any party. On March
11, 2024, the Company settled an outstanding lawsuit against Omnia and the sponsor received the net lawsuit settlement amount of $
Administrative Service Agreement
The Company presently occupies
office space provided by an entity controlled by the sponsors. Such entity agreed that until the Company consummates a Business Combination,
it will make such office space, as well as general and administrative services including utilities and administrative support, available
to the Company as may be required by the Company from time to time. The Company agreed to pay a total of $
Working Capital Loans
In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Initial Stockholders, the sponsor, the Company’s officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds from time to time or at any time, as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). Each Working Capital Loan would be evidenced by a promissory note. The notes would either be paid upon consummation of our initial Business Combination, without interest, or, at holder’s discretion, if there are excess proceeds. In the event that the initial Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts, but no proceeds from the Trust Account would be used for such repayment. These loans would be repaid at completion of the initial Business Combination. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no Working Capital Loans were outstanding.
15
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized
to issue
Common Stock
The Company is authorized
to issue
Rights
Each holder of a right will
receive one-fifth of
Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the rights. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of rights will not receive any of such funds with respect to their rights, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with respect to such rights. Accordingly, the rights may expire worthless.
Representative Shares
The Company issued to EF
Hutton and/or its designees in the IPO
16
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
Warrants
Public Warrants may only
be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional Public Warrants will be issued upon separation of the Units and only whole Public
Warrants will trade. The Public Warrants will become exercisable on the later of (a)
The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:
| ● | in whole and not in part; | |
| ● | at a price of $ | |
| ● | upon a minimum of | |
| ● | if, and only if, the last reported sale price (the “closing price”) of common stock equals or exceeds $ |
The Company will not redeem
the Public Warrants as described above unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the common stock issuable upon
exercise of the Public Warrants is then effective and a current prospectus relating to those common stock is available throughout the
The Warrants issued in the
Private Placement (“Private Placement Warrants”) will be identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Placement
Warrants and the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or saleable
until
In no event will the Company
be required to net cash settle any warrant. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period
and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to
their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect
to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were
17
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:
| Level 1: | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. |
| Level 2: | Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
| Level 3: | Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. |
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value.
| Level | March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||
| Marketable securities held in Trust Account | 1 | $ | $ | ||||||||
18
IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2025
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 9. SEGMENT INFORMATION
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.
The Company’s chief
operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CODM”), who reviews the operating results for
the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined
that the Company only has
When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation, the CODM reviews several key metrics, formation and operational costs and interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account which include the accompanying unaudited statements of operations.
The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by our CODM are interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account and formation and operational costs. The CODM reviews interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account to measure and monitor stockholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. Formation and operational costs are reviewed and monitored by the CODM to manage and forecast cash to ensure enough capital is available to complete a business combination within the business combination period. The CODM also reviews formation and operational costs to manage, maintain and enforce all contractual agreements to ensure costs are aligned with all agreements and budget.
NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the unaudited financial statements were issued.
On April 2, 2025, the Sponsor and Mr. Jiang, entered into a letter agreement that provides for additional funding, which will be in the form of loans, by the Sponsor to the Company, and by Mr. Jiang to the Sponsor to support certain of the financial obligations of the Company through the consummation of the Business Combination.
The letter agreement contemplates
that the Sponsor will loan, in the aggregate, $
To support the Loan Mr. Jiang
agreed to loan the Sponsor an aggregate amount of $
The Loan shall be reduced
by an amount equal to
19
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References in this report (this “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Iron Horse Acquisitions Corp. References to our “management” refer to our officers and directors and references to the “sponsor” refer to Bengochea SPAC Sponsors I LLC. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that are not historical facts and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this Form 10-Q including, without limitation, statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the completion of the Proposed Business Combination (as defined below), the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current beliefs, based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performance and results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including that the conditions of the Proposed Business Combination are not satisfied. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors section in the proxy statement/prospectus that forms part of the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company’s securities filings can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Overview
We are a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on November 23, 2021, whose business purpose is to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds of the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants (as defined below), our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt.
On December 29, 2023, we consummated our IPO”) of 6,900,000 Units, which includes the partial exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 800,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $69,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, we consummated the sale of 2,457,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in a private placement to the sponsor, generating gross proceeds of $2,457,000.
Following the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, a total of $69,000,000 was placed in the Company’s Trust Account with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee (the “Trust Account”). We incurred $4,651,705 of transaction expenses in connection with the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, consisting of $586,500 of cash underwriting fees, $2,518,500 of deferred underwriting fees, and $1,546,705 of other offering costs.
We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete an initial business combination will be successful.
20
On September 29, 2024, the Company entered into a business combination agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”), dated as of September 27, 2024, with Rosey Sea Holdings Limited, a company incorporated and existing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Seller”) and the owner of 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Zhong Guo Liang Tou Group Limited, a company incorporated and existing under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Target”), pursuant to which the Company will purchase from Seller the ordinary shares of the Target in exchange for shares of Common Stock, as a result of which the Target will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Depending on the number of shares of Common Stock that the holders elect to have the Company redeem in connection with the proposals presented at the Company’s meeting of stockholders to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and by the related agreements and certain related matters (collectively, the “Transactions”), the Company will issue between 40,988,000 and 47,888,000 shares of Common Stock to Seller pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement.
On October 14, 2024, the Company issued unsecured promissory note to the Target to pay or cause to be paid, the Acquiror Transaction Expenses, as may be incurred from time to time and as such expenses become due and payable. This loan is non-interest bearing, unsecured and repayable upon the date on which the Company consummates its initial business transaction or, at the Company’s discretion, if funds allow. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $741,284 and $425,013 outstanding under the promissory note, respectively.
On December 4, 2024, the Company issued an extension note to the Target to fund the Company’s extension, which extends the period of time to complete a Business Combination to March 29, 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was $229,770 outstanding under this note reported in Loan Payable in the accompanying unaudited and audited balance sheets.
The consummation of the Transactions is subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the effectiveness of the registration statement that the Company is required to file with the SEC, required Nasdaq and regulatory approvals, and the approval of the Business Combination Agreement, the Transactions and other required shareholder proposals by the Company’s stockholders.
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities from November 23, 2021 (inception) through March 31, 2025 were organizational activities and those necessary to prepare for the IPO and, subsequent to the IPO, identifying a target company for a business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our initial business combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses in connection with searching for an appropriate target for, and completing, a business combination.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we had net income of $83,760, which consists of formation and operating costs of $519,958 and provision for income taxes of $149,211, partially offset by interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $752,929.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we had a net income of $473,415, which consists of change in fair value of overallotment liability of $11,135, gain on lawsuit settlements of $295,000 and interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account of $858,253, partially offset by formation and operating costs of $479,858 and provision for income taxes of $211,115.
21
Liquidity and Capital Resources
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $409,287. Net income of $83,760 was affected by the interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $752,929. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $259,882 of cash from operating activities.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $374,077. Net income of $473,415 was affected by the change in fair value of overallotment liability of $11,135 and interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account of $858,253. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $21,896 of cash from operating activities.
As of March 31, 2025, we had $73,567,534 of cash held in the Trust Account. During the quarter period ended March 31, 2025, we have withdrawn $167,650 of interest earned from the marketable securities held in the Trust Account to pay franchise taxes. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (less income taxes payable), to complete a business combination. To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete a business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
As of March 31, 2025, we had cash of $88 outside the Trust Account. Until consummation of a business combination, we intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account to fund our SEC and tax compliance and to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.
We may need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. If our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our consummation of a business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete a business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon consummation of a business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the sponsor, or certain of our officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that we do not complete a business combination, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from the Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Such loans may be convertible into warrants to purchase common stock of the post-business combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant, at the option of the lender. These warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period.
Going Concern
In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” we have determined that mandatory liquidation, should we not complete a business combination and an extension of our deadline to do so not be approved by the stockholders of the Company, and potential subsequent dissolution and the liquidity issue raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through June 29, 2025, the scheduled liquidation date of the Company if it does not complete a business combination prior to such date. Management plans to complete a business combination before the mandatory liquidation date. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate any business combination by June 29, 2025. These financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
22
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities that would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2025.
Contractual Obligations
We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities. We are party to an administrative services agreement with the sponsor. The sponsor has agreed that until the Company consummates a business combination, it will make office space, as well as general and administrative services including utilities and administrative support, available to the Company as may be required by the Company from time to time.
The underwriters in the IPO were entitled to a deferred underwriting discount of 3.65% of the gross proceeds of the IPO, or $2,518,500, payable upon the closing of an initial business combination. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that we complete a business combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of unaudited financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. We have not identified any critical accounting estimates as of March 31, 2025.
Recent Accounting Standards
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our unaudited financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not required for smaller reporting companies.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that during the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level, due to segregation of duties, lack of supervision and review and limited documentation around controls, and, accordingly, provided reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
23
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
As a smaller reporting company we are not required to make disclosures under this Item.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
For a description of the use of the proceeds generated in our IPO, see Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
24
Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| * | Filed herewith. |
25
SIGNATURES
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| IRON HORSE ACQUISITIONS CORP. | ||
| Date: May 15, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jose Antonio Bengochea |
| Name: | Jose Antonio Bengochea | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: May 15, 2025 | By: | /s/ William J. Caragol |
| Name: | William J. Caragol | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||
26