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    SEC Form 10-Q filed by Wendy's Company

    5/2/25 7:12:50 AM ET
    $WEN
    Restaurants
    Consumer Discretionary
    Get the next $WEN alert in real time by email
    wen-20250330
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    UNITED STATES
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
    Washington, D.C. 20549

    FORM 10-Q
    ☒
    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the quarterly period ended March 30, 2025

    or
    ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

    For the transition period from ______________ to _______________

    Commission file number: 1-2207
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY
    (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
    Delaware38-0471180
    (State or other jurisdiction of
    incorporation or organization)
    (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
    One Dave Thomas Blvd.
    Dublin,
    Ohio43017
    (Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

    (614) 764-3100
    (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
    Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
    Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
    Common Stock, $.10 par valueWENThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
    Large accelerated filer
    ☒
    Accelerated filer ☐
    Non-accelerated filer
    ☐
    Smaller reporting company ☐
    Emerging growth company ☐

    If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐




    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
    Yes ☐ No ☒

    There were 192,025,248 shares of The Wendy’s Company common stock outstanding as of April 25, 2025.



    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
    Page
    PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    Item 1. Financial Statements
    4
    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 30, 2025 and
          December 29, 2024
    4
    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months
    ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024
    5
    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024
    6
    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024
    7
    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months
    ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024
    8
    Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
    9
    Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    25
    Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
    37
    Item 4. Controls and Procedures
    37
    PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
    38
    Item 1. Legal Proceedings
    39
    Item 1A. Risk Factors
    39
    Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
    40
    Item 6. Exhibits
    41
    Signatures
    42
    3

    Table of Contents
    PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

    Item 1. Financial Statements.
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
    (In Thousands Except Par Value)
    March 30,
    2025
    December 29,
    2024
    ASSETS(Unaudited)
    Current assets:
    Cash and cash equivalents$335,259 $450,512 
    Restricted cash34,644 34,481 
    Accounts and notes receivable, net102,474 99,926 
    Inventories6,200 6,529 
    Prepaid expenses and other current assets48,428 45,563 
    Advertising funds restricted assets117,193 99,129 
    Total current assets644,198 736,140 
    Properties907,444 907,787 
    Finance lease assets251,093 244,954 
    Operating lease assets661,077 679,777 
    Goodwill771,645 771,468 
    Other intangible assets1,184,334 1,192,264 
    Investments26,770 29,006 
    Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases285,936 288,048 
    Other assets186,985 185,399 
    Total assets$4,919,482 $5,034,843 
    LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
    Current liabilities:  
    Current portion of long-term debt$78,334 $78,163 
    Current portion of finance lease liabilities23,035 22,509 
    Current portion of operating lease liabilities50,348 50,068 
    Accounts payable24,856 28,455 
    Accrued expenses and other current liabilities138,945 118,224 
    Advertising funds restricted liabilities117,987 100,212 
    Total current liabilities433,505 397,631 
    Long-term debt2,656,519 2,662,130 
    Long-term finance lease liabilities584,238 575,363 
    Long-term operating lease liabilities683,639 704,333 
    Deferred income taxes262,549 263,420 
    Deferred franchise fees88,057 88,387 
    Other liabilities80,736 84,227 
    Total liabilities4,789,243 4,775,491 
    Commitments and contingencies
    Stockholders’ equity:
    Common stock, $0.10 par value; 1,500,000 shares authorized;
         470,424 shares issued; 195,846 and 203,834 shares outstanding, respectively
    47,042 47,042 
    Additional paid-in capital2,984,865 2,982,102 
    Retained earnings389,481 399,700 
    Common stock held in treasury, at cost; 274,578 and 266,590 shares, respectively
    (3,218,308)(3,094,739)
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss(72,841)(74,753)
    Total stockholders’ equity130,239 259,352 
    Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$4,919,482 $5,034,843 

    See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
    4

    Table of Contents
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)

    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    (Unaudited)
    Revenues:
    Sales$219,510 $225,323 
    Franchise royalty revenue and fees145,148 146,500 
    Franchise rental income58,454 57,986 
    Advertising funds revenue100,360 104,944 
    523,472 534,753 
    Costs and expenses:
    Cost of sales188,169 192,113 
    Franchise support and other costs16,596 14,742 
    Franchise rental expense30,701 31,778 
    Advertising funds expense101,528 107,374 
    General and administrative68,204 63,757 
    Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of amortization of cloud computing arrangements shown separately below)36,549 35,518 
    Amortization of cloud computing arrangements4,167 3,542 
    System optimization losses, net90 127 
    Reorganization and realignment costs(692)5,673 
    Impairment of long-lived assets1,421 2,006 
    Other operating income, net(6,387)(3,033)
    440,346 453,597 
    Operating profit83,126 81,156 
    Interest expense, net(31,477)(30,535)
    Investment loss, net(1,718)— 
    Other income, net4,986 6,836 
    Income before income taxes54,917 57,457 
    Provision for income taxes(15,685)(15,464)
    Net income$39,232 $41,993 
    Net income per share:
    Basic$.20 $.20 
    Diluted$.19 $.20 

    See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
    5

    Table of Contents
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
    (In Thousands)

    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    (Unaudited)
    Net income$39,232 $41,993 
    Other comprehensive income (loss):
    Foreign currency translation adjustment1,912 (4,586)
    Other comprehensive income (loss)1,912 (4,586)
    Comprehensive income $41,144 $37,407 

    See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
    6

    Table of Contents
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
    (In Thousands)

    Common
    Stock
    Additional
    Paid-In
    Capital
    Retained EarningsCommon Stock Held in TreasuryAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTotal
    (Unaudited)
    Balance at December 29, 2024$47,042 $2,982,102 $399,700 $(3,094,739)$(74,753)$259,352 
    Net income— — 39,232 — — 39,232 
    Other comprehensive income— — — — 1,912 1,912 
    Cash dividends— — (49,432)— — (49,432)
    Repurchases of common stock— — — (125,399)— (125,399)
    Share-based compensation— 5,572 — — — 5,572 
    Common stock issued upon exercises of stock options
    — (130)— 326 — 196 
    Common stock issued upon vesting of restricted shares
    — (2,702)— 1,453 — (1,249)
    Other— 23 (19)51 — 55 
    Balance at March 30, 2025$47,042 $2,984,865 $389,481 $(3,218,308)$(72,841)$130,239 

    Balance at December 31, 2023$47,042 $2,960,035 $409,863 $(3,048,786)$(58,375)$309,779 
    Net income— — 41,993 — — 41,993 
    Other comprehensive loss— — — — (4,586)(4,586)
    Cash dividends— — (51,374)— — (51,374)
    Repurchases of common stock— — — (7,216)— (7,216)
    Share-based compensation— 5,853 — — — 5,853 
    Common stock issued upon exercises of stock options
    — 179 — 1,036 — 1,215 
    Common stock issued upon vesting of restricted shares
    — (3,855)— 1,778 — (2,077)
    Other— 29 (17)55 — 67 
    Balance at March 31, 2024$47,042 $2,962,241 $400,465 $(3,053,133)$(62,961)$293,654 

    See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
    7

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    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
    (In Thousands)
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    (Unaudited)
    Cash flows from operating activities:
    Net income$39,232 $41,993 
    Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
    Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of amortization of
    cloud computing arrangements shown separately below)
    36,549 35,518 
    Amortization of cloud computing arrangements4,167 3,542 
    Share-based compensation5,572 5,853 
    Impairment of long-lived assets1,421 2,006 
    Deferred income tax306 603 
    Non-cash rental expense, net10,350 10,974 
    Change in operating lease liabilities(12,131)(12,112)
    Net receipt of deferred vendor incentives11,178 8,584 
    System optimization losses, net90 127 
    Distributions received from joint ventures, net of equity in earnings717 430 
    Long-term debt-related activities, net1,873 1,870 
    Cloud computing arrangements expenditures(2,417)(2,865)
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other, net(11,492)3,464 
    Net cash provided by operating activities85,415 99,987 
    Cash flows from investing activities:  
    Capital expenditures(17,679)(17,354)
    Franchise development fund(5,813)(4,741)
    Dispositions55 26 
    Notes receivable, net1,949 1,256 
    Net cash used in investing activities(21,488)(20,813)
    Cash flows from financing activities:  
    Proceeds from long-term debt15,000 — 
    Repayments of long-term debt(15,813)(7,313)
    Repayments of finance lease liabilities(5,238)(5,465)
    Repurchases of common stock(122,784)(7,295)
    Dividends(49,432)(51,374)
    Proceeds from stock option exercises273 932 
    Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation(1,326)(2,115)
    Net cash used in financing activities(179,320)(72,630)
    Net cash (used in) provided by operations before effect of exchange rate changes on cash(115,393)6,544 
    Effect of exchange rate changes on cash744 (2,274)
    Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(114,649)4,270 
    Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period503,608 588,816 
    Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$388,959 $593,086 

    See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
    8

    Table of Contents
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)





    (1) Basis of Presentation

    The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Financial Statements”) of The Wendy’s Company (“The Wendy’s Company” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, the Financial Statements contain all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary to present fairly our financial position as of March 30, 2025, the results of our operations for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024 and cash flows for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024. The results of operations for the three months ended March 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full 2025 fiscal year. The Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for The Wendy’s Company and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”).

    The principal 100% owned subsidiary of the Company is Wendy’s International, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Wendy’s”). The Company manages and internally reports its business in the following segments: (1) Wendy’s U.S., (2) Wendy’s International and (3) Global Real Estate & Development. See Note 17 for further information.

    We report on a fiscal year consisting of 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Sunday closest to or on December 31. All three-month periods presented herein contain 13 weeks. All references to years, quarters and months relate to fiscal periods rather than calendar periods.

    Our significant interim accounting policies include the recognition of advertising funds expense in proportion to advertising funds revenue.

    (2) Revenue

    Disaggregation of Revenue

    The following tables disaggregate revenue by segment and source:
    Wendy’s U.S.Wendy’s InternationalGlobal Real Estate & DevelopmentTotal
    Three Months Ended March 30, 2025
    Sales at Company-operated restaurants$212,744 $6,766 $— $219,510 
    Franchise royalty revenue104,406 17,269 — 121,675 
    Franchise fees20,704 2,086 683 23,473 
    Franchise rental income— — 58,454 58,454 
    Advertising funds revenue91,760 8,600 — 100,360 
    Total revenues$429,614 $34,721 $59,137 $523,472 
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
    Sales at Company-operated restaurants$219,468 $5,855 $— $225,323 
    Franchise royalty revenue108,853 16,827 — 125,680 
    Franchise fees17,826 1,889 1,105 20,820 
    Franchise rental income— — 57,986 57,986 
    Advertising funds revenue96,700 8,244 — 104,944 
    Total revenues$442,847 $32,815 $59,091 $534,753 

    9

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    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Contract Balances

    The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities (deferred franchise fees) from contracts with customers:
    March 30, 2025 (a)December 29, 2024 (a)
    Receivables, which are included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” (b)
    $60,870 $55,601 
    Receivables, which are included in “Advertising funds restricted assets”
    65,677 73,223 
    Deferred franchise fees (c)99,001 99,411 
    _______________

    (a)Excludes funds collected from the sale of gift cards, which are primarily reimbursed to franchisees upon redemption at franchised restaurants and do not ultimately result in the recognition of revenue in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

    (b)Includes receivables related to “Sales” and “Franchise royalty revenue and fees.”

    (c)Deferred franchise fees are included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” and “Deferred franchise fees” and totaled $10,944 and $88,057, respectively, as of March 30, 2025, and $11,024 and $88,387, respectively, as of December 29, 2024.

    Significant changes in deferred franchise fees are as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Deferred franchise fees at beginning of period$99,411 $100,805 
    Revenue recognized during the period
    (2,345)(2,804)
    New deferrals due to cash received and other1,935 2,263 
    Deferred franchise fees at end of period$99,001 $100,264 

    Anticipated Future Recognition of Deferred Franchise Fees

    The following table reflects the estimated franchise fees to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the period:
    Estimate for fiscal year:
    2025 (a)$9,262 
    20266,681 
    20276,553 
    20286,423 
    20296,321 
    Thereafter63,761 
    $99,001 
    _______________

    (a)Represents franchise fees expected to be recognized for the remainder of 2025, which includes development-related franchise fees expected to be recognized over a duration of one year or less.

    10

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    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    (3) Leases

    Nature of Leases

    The Company operates restaurants that are located on sites owned by us and sites leased by us from third parties. In addition, the Company owns sites and leases sites from third parties, which it leases and/or subleases to franchisees. The Company also leases restaurant, office and transportation equipment. As of March 30, 2025, the nature of restaurants operated by the Company and its franchisees was as follows:
    March 30,
    2025
    Company-operated restaurants:
    Owned land and building155
    Owned building and held long-term land leases138
    Leased land and building107
    Total Company-operated restaurants400
    Franchisee-operated restaurants:
    Company-owned properties leased to franchisees489
    Company-leased properties subleased to franchisees1,156
    Other franchisee-operated restaurants5,263
    Total franchisee-operated restaurants6,908
    Total Company-operated and franchisee-operated restaurants7,308

    Company as Lessee

    The components of lease cost are as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Finance lease cost:
    Amortization of finance lease assets$5,145 $4,297 
    Interest on finance lease liabilities10,877 10,658 
    16,022 14,955 
    Operating lease cost20,517 21,701 
    Variable lease cost (a)16,213 16,488 
    Short-term lease cost1,266 1,394 
    Total operating lease cost (b)37,996 39,583 
    Total lease cost$54,018 $54,538 
    _______________

    (a)Includes expenses for executory costs of $10,394 and $10,221 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, for which the Company is reimbursed by sublessees.

    (b)Includes $30,652 and $31,718 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, recorded to “Franchise rental expense” for leased properties that are subsequently leased to franchisees. Also includes $6,941 and $7,388 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, recorded to “Cost of sales” for leases for Company-operated restaurants.

    11

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    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Company as Lessor

    The components of lease income are as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Sales-type and direct-financing leases:
    Selling loss$(11)$(16)
    Interest income (a)6,915 7,719 
    Operating lease income42,421 41,497 
    Variable lease income16,033 16,489 
    Franchise rental income (b)$58,454 $57,986 
    _______________

    (a)Included in “Interest expense, net.”

    (b)Includes sublease income of $42,784 and $42,783 recognized during the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. Sublease income includes lessees’ variable payments to the Company for executory costs of $10,197 and $10,089 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.

    (4) Investments

    The following is a summary of the carrying value of our investments:
    March 30,
    2025
    December 29,
    2024
    Equity method investment$26,770 $27,288 
    Other investments in equity securities— 1,718 
    $26,770 $29,006 

    Equity Method Investment

    Wendy’s has a 50% share in a partnership in a Canadian restaurant real estate joint venture (“TimWen”) with a subsidiary of Restaurant Brands International Inc., a quick-service restaurant company that owns the Tim Hortons® brand (Tim Hortons is a registered trademark of Tim Hortons USA Inc.). The Company has significant influence over this investee. Such investment is accounted for using the equity method, under which our results of operations include our share of the income of the investee in “Other operating income, net.”

    12

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    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Presented below is activity related to our investment in TimWen included in our condensed consolidated financial statements:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Balance at beginning of period$27,288 $32,727 
    Equity in earnings for the period2,843 3,151 
    Amortization of purchase price adjustments (a)(591)(629)
    2,252 2,522 
    Distributions received(2,969)(2,952)
    Foreign currency translation adjustment included in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”
    199 (785)
    Balance at end of period$26,770 $31,512 
    _______________

    (a)Purchase price adjustments that impacted the carrying value of the Company’s investment in TimWen are being amortized over the average original aggregate life of 21 years.

    Other Investments in Equity Securities

    During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $1,718 for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of an investment in equity securities. As a result, the carrying value of the investment was reduced to zero as of March 30, 2025.

    (5) Long-Term Debt

    Long-term debt consisted of the following:
    March 30,
    2025
    December 29,
    2024
    Class A-2 Notes:
    4.236% Series 2022-1 Class A-2-I Notes, anticipated repayment date 2029
    $97,250 $97,500 
    4.535% Series 2022-1 Class A-2-II Notes, anticipated repayment date 2032
    385,134 386,134 
    2.370% Series 2021-1 Class A-2-I Notes, anticipated repayment date 2029
    417,644 418,769 
    2.775% Series 2021-1 Class A-2-II Notes, anticipated repayment date 2031
    625,405 627,030 
    3.783% Series 2019-1 Class A-2-I Notes, anticipated repayment date 2026
    352,673 353,673 
    4.080% Series 2019-1 Class A-2-II Notes, anticipated repayment date 2029
    397,498 398,623 
    3.884% Series 2018-1 Class A-2-II Notes, anticipated repayment date 2028
    435,162 436,349 
    7% debentures, due in December 2025
    49,084 48,913 
    Unamortized debt issuance costs(24,997)(26,698)
    2,734,853 2,740,293 
    Less amounts payable within one year(78,334)(78,163)
    Total long-term debt$2,656,519 $2,662,130 

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    THE WENDY’S COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Other Long-Term Debt

    Wendy’s U.S. advertising fund has a revolving line of credit of $15,000, which was established to support the Company’s advertising fund operations and bears interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 2.25%. Borrowings under the line of credit are guaranteed by Wendy’s. During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company drew down $15,000 under the revolving line of credit, of which the Company repaid $8,500 in March 2025. As a result, as of March 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $6,500 under the revolving line of credit, which is included in “Advertising funds restricted liabilities.”

    (6) Fair Value Measurements

    Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques under the accounting guidance related to fair value measurements are based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These inputs are classified into the following hierarchy:

    •Level 1 Inputs - Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

    •Level 2 Inputs - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

    •Level 3 Inputs - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the assets or liabilities and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the assets or liabilities. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

    Financial Instruments

    The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments:
    March 30,
    2025
    December 29,
    2024
    Carrying
    Amount
    Fair
    Value
    Carrying
    Amount
    Fair
    Value
    Fair Value
    Measurements
    Financial assets
    Cash equivalents$201,742 $201,742 $319,212 $319,212 Level 1
    Other investments in equity securities (a)— — 1,718 1,718 Level 2
    Financial liabilities
    Series 2022-1 Class A-2-I Notes (b)97,250 91,379 97,500 93,744 Level 2
    Series 2022-1 Class A-2-II Notes (b)385,134 362,438 386,134 371,855 Level 2
    Series 2021-1 Class A-2-I Notes (b)417,644 377,738 418,769 376,256 Level 2
    Series 2021-1 Class A-2-II Notes (b)625,405 538,661 627,030 551,981 Level 2
    Series 2019-1 Class A-2-I Notes (b)352,673 346,060 353,673 345,093 Level 2
    Series 2019-1 Class A-2-II Notes (b)397,498 379,491 398,623 387,039 Level 2
    Series 2018-1 Class A-2-II Notes (b)435,162 419,931 436,349 418,027 Level 2
    U.S. advertising fund revolving line of credit
    6,500 6,500 — — Level 2
    7% debentures, due in 2025 (b)
    49,084 49,488 48,913 50,034 Level 2
    _______________

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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    (a)The fair value of our other investments in equity securities is based on our review of information provided by the investment manager, which is based on observable price changes in orderly transactions for a similar investment of the same issuer.

    (b)The fair values were based on quoted market prices in markets that are not considered active markets.

    The carrying amounts of cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those items. The carrying amounts of accounts and notes receivable, net (both current and non-current) approximate fair value due to the effect of the related allowance for doubtful accounts. Our cash equivalents are the only financial assets measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

    Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

    Assets and liabilities remeasured to fair value on a non-recurring basis resulted in impairment that we have recorded to “Impairment of long-lived assets” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

    Total impairment losses may reflect the impact of remeasuring long-lived assets held and used (including land, buildings, leasehold improvements, favorable lease assets and right-of-use assets) to fair value as a result of (1) the deterioration in operating performance of certain Company-operated restaurants and (2) the Company’s decision to lease and/or sublease the land and/or buildings to franchisees in connection with the sale or anticipated sale of restaurants, including any subsequent lease modifications. The fair values of long-lived assets held and used presented in the tables below represent the remaining carrying value and were estimated based on either discounted cash flows of future anticipated lease and sublease income or discounted cash flows of future anticipated Company-operated restaurant performance. Total impairment losses may also include the impact of remeasuring long-lived assets held for sale. The fair values of long-lived assets held for sale presented in the tables below represent the remaining carrying value and were estimated based on current market values. See Note 12 for further information on impairment of our long-lived assets.
    Fair Value Measurements
    March 30,
    2025
    Level 1Level 2Level 3
    Held and used$6 $— $— $6 
    Held for sale2,048 — — 2,048 
    Total$2,054 $— $— $2,054 
    Fair Value Measurements
    December 29,
    2024
    Level 1Level 2Level 3
    Held and used$2,391 $— $— $2,391 
    Held for sale1,558 — — 1,558 
    Total$3,949 $— $— $3,949 

    (7) Income Taxes

    The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024 was 28.6% and 26.9%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate varied from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for the three months ended March 30, 2025 primarily due to state income taxes and the tax effects of our foreign operations.
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    (8) Net Income Per Share

    The calculation of basic and diluted net income per share was as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Net income$39,232 $41,993 
    Common stock:
    Weighted average basic shares outstanding200,643 205,372 
    Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted shares
    974 1,599 
    Weighted average diluted shares outstanding201,617 206,971 
    Net income per share:
    Basic$.20 $.20 
    Diluted$.19 $.20 

    Basic net income per share for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024 was computed by dividing net income amounts by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted net income per share was computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of basic shares outstanding plus the potential common share effect of dilutive stock options and restricted shares. We excluded potential common shares of 8,288 and 6,789 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, from our diluted net income per share calculation as they would have had anti-dilutive effects.

    (9) Stockholders’ Equity

    Dividends

    During both the first quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2024, the Company paid dividends per share of $.25.

    Repurchases of Common Stock

    In January 2023, our Board of Directors authorized a repurchase program for up to $500,000 of our common stock through February 28, 2027, when and if market conditions warrant and to the extent legally permissible (the “January 2023 Authorization”). During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 8,182 shares under the January 2023 Authorization with an aggregate purchase price of $124,070, of which $1,401 was accrued as of March 30, 2025, and excluding excise tax of $1,214 and commissions of $115. As of March 30, 2025, the Company had $110,930 of availability remaining under the January 2023 Authorization. Subsequent to March 30, 2025 through April 25, 2025, the Company repurchased 3,843 shares under the January 2023 Authorization with an aggregate purchase price of $50,895, excluding applicable excise tax and commissions.

    During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 392 shares under the January 2023 Authorization with an aggregate purchase price of $7,187, of which $470 was accrued as of March 31, 2024, and excluding excise tax of $24 and commissions of $5.

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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

    The following table provides a rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is entirely comprised of foreign currency translation:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Balance at beginning of period$(74,753)$(58,375)
    Foreign currency translation
    1,912 (4,586)
    Balance at end of period$(72,841)$(62,961)

    (10) System Optimization Losses, Net

    The Company’s system optimization initiative included a shift from Company-operated restaurants to franchised restaurants over time, through acquisitions and dispositions, as well as facilitating franchisee-to-franchisee restaurant transfers (“Franchise Flips”). As of March 30, 2025, Company-operated restaurant ownership was approximately 5% of the total system. While the Company has no plans to move its ownership away from approximately 5% of the total system, the Company expects to continue to optimize the Wendy’s system through Franchise Flips, as well as evaluating strategic acquisitions of franchised restaurants and strategic dispositions of Company-operated restaurants to existing and new franchisees, to further strengthen the franchisee base and drive new restaurant development. During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company did not facilitate any Franchise Flips. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company facilitated 11 Franchise Flips. Additionally, during the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company completed the sale of two Company-operated restaurants to franchisees. No Company-operated restaurants were sold to or purchased from franchisees during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

    Gains and losses recognized on dispositions are recorded to “System optimization losses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Costs related to acquisitions and dispositions under our system optimization initiative are recorded to “Reorganization and realignment costs.” All other costs incurred related to facilitating Franchise Flips are recorded to “Franchise support and other costs.”

    The following is a summary of the disposition activity recorded as a result of our system optimization initiative:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Number of restaurants sold to franchisees2— 
    Proceeds from sales of restaurants$55 $— 
    Net assets sold (a)(169)— 
    Other (25)— 
    Loss on sales of restaurants, net(139)— 
    Gain (loss) on sales of other assets, net (b)49 (127)
    System optimization losses, net$(90)$(127)
    _______________

    (a)Net assets sold consisted primarily of equipment.

    (b)During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company received net cash proceeds of $26, primarily from the sale of surplus and other properties.

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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Assets Held for Sale

    As of March 30, 2025 and December 29, 2024, the Company had assets held for sale of $3,727 and $2,833, respectively, primarily consisting of surplus properties. Assets held for sale are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets.”

    (11) Reorganization and Realignment Costs

    The following is a summary of the initiatives included in “Reorganization and realignment costs:”
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Organizational Redesign Plan$(950)$5,622 
    Other reorganization and realignment plans258 51 
    Reorganization and realignment costs$(692)$5,673 

    Organizational Redesign

    In February 2023, the Board of Directors approved a plan to redesign the Company’s organizational structure to better support the execution of the Company’s long-term growth strategy by maximizing organizational efficiency and streamlining decision making (the “Organizational Redesign Plan”). Additionally, in January 2024, the Board of Directors announced the appointment of Kirk Tanner as the Company’s new President and Chief Executive Officer, effective February 5, 2024. Mr. Tanner succeeded Todd A. Penegor, the Company’s previous President and Chief Executive Officer, who departed from the Company in February 2024. The Company expects to incur total costs of approximately $17,000 related to the Organizational Redesign Plan, including costs related to the succession of the President and Chief Executive Officer role. During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company recognized costs totaling $(950), which primarily included a reversal of a severance accrual. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized costs totaling $5,622, which primarily included severance and related employee costs. The Company expects to incur additional costs aggregating approximately $600, comprised primarily of share-based compensation. The Company expects costs related to the Organizational Redesign Plan to continue into 2026.

    The following is a summary of the costs recorded as a result of the Organizational Redesign Plan:
    Three Months EndedTotal Incurred Since Inception
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Severance and related employee costs (a)$(1,088)$5,362 $12,408 
    Recruitment and relocation costs13 82 736 
    Third-party and other costs— 50 1,116 
    (1,075)5,494 14,260 
    Share-based compensation (b)125 128 2,221 
    Total organizational redesign$(950)$5,622 $16,481 
    _______________

    (a)The three months ended March 30, 2025 includes a reversal of an accrual as a result of a change in estimate.

    (b)Total incurred since inception primarily represents the accelerated recognition of share-based compensation resulting from the termination of employees under the Organizational Redesign Plan.

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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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    As of March 30, 2025, the accruals for the Organizational Redesign Plan are included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.” The tables below present a rollforward of our accruals for the Organizational Redesign Plan.
    Balance
    December 29,
    2024
    ChargesPayments
    Balance
    March 30,
    2025
    Severance and related employee costs$4,257 $(1,088)$(1,410)$1,759 
    Recruitment and relocation costs— 13 (13)— 
    Third-party and other costs— — — — 
    $4,257 $(1,075)$(1,423)$1,759 

    Balance
    December 31,
    2023
    ChargesPaymentsBalance
    March 31,
    2024
    Severance and related employee costs$1,692 $5,362 $(977)$6,077 
    Recruitment and relocation costs— 82 (82)— 
    Third-party and other costs— 50 (50)— 
    $1,692 $5,494 $(1,109)$6,077 

    Other Reorganization and Realignment Plans

    Costs incurred under the Company’s other reorganization and realignment plans were not material during the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024. The Company does not expect to incur any material additional costs under these plans.

    (12) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

    The Company records impairment charges as a result of (1) the deterioration in operating performance of certain Company-operated restaurants, (2) the Company’s decision to lease and/or sublease properties to franchisees in connection with the sale or anticipated sale of Company-operated restaurants, including any subsequent lease modifications and (3) classifying surplus properties as held for sale.

    The following is a summary of impairment losses recorded, which represent the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the affected assets and are included in “Impairment of long-lived assets:”
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Company-operated restaurants$1,187 $1,775 
    Surplus properties234 231 
    $1,421 $2,006 

    (13) Supplemental Cash Flow Information

    The following table includes supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
    Capital expenditures included in accounts payable$7,197 $9,161 
    Finance leases17,849 3,749 
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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)





    The following table includes a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
    March 30,
    2025
    December 29,
    2024
    Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period:
    Cash and cash equivalents$335,259 $450,512 
    Restricted cash34,644 34,481 
    Restricted cash, included in Advertising funds restricted assets19,056 18,615 
    Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$388,959 $503,608 

    (14) Guarantees and Other Commitments and Contingencies

    Except as described below, the Company did not have any significant changes in guarantees and other commitments and contingencies during the current fiscal period since those reported in the Form 10-K. Refer to the Form 10-K for further information regarding the Company’s additional commitments and obligations.

    Lease Guarantees

    Wendy’s has guaranteed the performance of certain leases and other obligations, primarily from former Company-operated restaurant locations now operated by franchisees, amounting to $100,858 as of March 30, 2025. These leases extend through 2045. We have had no judgments against us as guarantor of these leases as of March 30, 2025. In the event of default by a franchise owner where Wendy’s is called upon to perform under its guarantee, Wendy’s has the ability to pursue repayment from the franchise owner. The liability recorded for our probable exposure associated with these lease guarantees was not material as of March 30, 2025.

    Letters of Credit

    As of March 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding letters of credit with various parties totaling $28,985. Substantially all of the outstanding letters of credit include amounts outstanding against the 2021-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes, Class A-1. We do not expect any material loss to result from these letters of credit.

    (15) Transactions with Related Parties

    Except as described below, the Company did not have any significant changes in or transactions with its related parties during the current fiscal period since those reported in the Form 10-K.

    TimWen Lease and Management Fee Payments

    A wholly-owned subsidiary of Wendy’s leases restaurant facilities from TimWen, which are then subleased to franchisees for the operation of Wendy’s/Tim Hortons combo units in Canada. Wendy’s paid TimWen $4,798 and $5,030 under these lease agreements during the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, which has been recorded to “Franchise rental expense.” In addition, TimWen paid Wendy’s a management fee under the TimWen joint venture agreement of $56 and $60 during the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, which is included as a reduction to “General and administrative.”

    Transactions with QSCC

    Wendy’s has a purchasing co-op relationship structure with its franchisees that establishes Quality Supply Chain Co-op, Inc. (“QSCC”). QSCC manages, for the Wendy’s system in the U.S. and Canada, contracts for the purchase and distribution of food, proprietary paper, operating supplies and equipment under national agreements with pricing based upon total system volume. QSCC’s supply chain management facilitates continuity of supply and provides consolidated purchasing efficiencies while monitoring and seeking to minimize possible obsolete inventory throughout the Wendy’s supply chain in the U.S. and Canada.

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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    Wendy’s and its franchisees pay sourcing fees to third-party vendors on certain products sourced by QSCC. Such sourcing fees are remitted by these vendors to QSCC and are the primary means of funding QSCC’s operations. In addition, QSCC collects certain rebates, price variance and other recoveries, technology fees, convention fees and other funding from third-party vendors as part of the administration and management of the Wendy’s supply chain in the U.S. and Canada. Should QSCC’s sourcing fees exceed its expected needs, QSCC’s board of directors may return some or all of the excess to its members in the form of a patronage dividend. Wendy’s recorded its share of patronage dividends of $3,096 during the three months ended March 31, 2024, of which $2,909 is included in “Other operating income, net” and $187 is included as a reduction of “Cost of sales.” There were no patronage dividends recorded during the three months ended March 30, 2025.

    Transactions with Yellow Cab

    Certain family members and/or affiliates of Mr. Nelson Peltz, our former Chairman and Chairman Emeritus, Mr. Peter May, our Senior Vice Chairman, and Mr. Matthew Peltz, our Vice Chairman, hold minority ownership interests in Yellow Cab Holdings, LLC (“Yellow Cab”), a Wendy’s franchisee that, as of March 30, 2025 owned and operated 89 Wendy’s restaurants, and/or certain of the operating companies managed by Yellow Cab. During the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $3,664 and $3,612, respectively, in royalty, advertising fund, lease and other income from Yellow Cab and related entities. In all transactions involving Yellow Cab, the Company’s standard franchisee recruiting and approval processes were followed, no modifications were made to the Company’s standard franchise agreements or related documents, and all deal terms and transaction documents were negotiated and executed on an arm’s-length basis, consistent with the Company’s comparable franchise transactions and relationships. As of March 30, 2025 and December 29, 2024, $1,156 and $1,132, respectively, was due from Yellow Cab for such income, which is included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” and “Advertising funds restricted assets.”

    Transactions with AMC

    In February 2023, Ms. Kristin Dolan, a director of the Company, was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of AMC Networks Inc. (“AMC”). During the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company purchased approximately $300 and $500, respectively, of advertising time from a subsidiary of AMC. The Company’s advertising spend with AMC was made in the ordinary course of business and approved on an arm’s-length basis, consistent with the Company’s comparable advertising decisions. As of March 30, 2025 and December 29, 2024, approximately $26 and $17, respectively, was due to AMC for such advertising time, which is included in “Advertising funds restricted liabilities.”

    (16) Legal and Environmental Matters

    The Company is involved in litigation and claims incidental to our business. We provide accruals for such litigation and claims when we determine it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the loss is reasonably estimable. The Company believes it has adequate accruals for all of its legal and environmental matters. We cannot estimate the aggregate possible range of loss for our existing litigation and claims due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, many proceedings being in preliminary stages, with various motions either yet to be submitted or pending, discovery yet to occur and significant factual matters unresolved. In addition, most cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages and many involve multiple parties. Predicting the outcomes of settlement discussions or judicial or arbitral decisions is thus inherently difficult and future developments could cause these actions or claims, individually or in aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows of a particular reporting period.

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    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    (17) Segment Information

    Wendy’s U.S. revenue, significant segment expenses and segment adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) are as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Wendy’s U.S. revenue$429,614 $442,847 
    Wendy’s U.S. expense
    Cost of sales181,237 185,933 
    Franchise support and other costs13,178 12,694 
    Advertising fund expense (a)91,760 99,025 
    General and administrative22,424 19,326 
    Other segment items (b)38 45 
    Wendy’s U.S. adjusted EBITDA$120,977 $125,824 
    _______________

    (a)Includes advertising fund expense of $2,325 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 related to the Company’s funding of incremental advertising. There was no funding of incremental advertising during the three months ended March 30, 2025.

    (b)Other segment items for the three months ended March 30, 2025 primarily include lease buyout activity and professional fees. Other segment items for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily include professional fees.

    Wendy’s International revenue, significant segment expenses and segment adjusted EBITDA are as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30, 2025March 31,
    2024
    Wendy’s International revenue$34,721 $32,815 
    Wendy’s International expense
    Cost of sales6,932 6,180 
    Advertising fund expense (a)9,912 8,556 
    General and administrative6,437 5,941 
    Other segment items (b)1,996 1,448 
    Wendy’s International adjusted EBITDA $9,444 $10,690 
    _______________

    (a)Includes advertising fund expense of $159 and $162 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, related to the Company’s funding of incremental advertising. In addition, includes other international-related advertising deficit of $1,153 and $150 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.

    (b)Other segment items for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024 primarily include franchise support and other costs.

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    Global Real Estate & Development revenue, significant segment expenses and segment adjusted EBITDA are as follows:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30, 2025March 31, 2024
    Global Real Estate & Development revenue$59,137 $59,091 
    Global Real Estate & Development expense
    Franchise rental expense30,701 31,778 
    General and administrative5,220 5,100 
    Other segment items (a)(1,460)(1,848)
    Global Real Estate & Development adjusted EBITDA$24,676 $24,061 
    _______________

    (a)Other segment items primarily include equity in earnings from our TimWen joint venture, franchise support and other costs and gains on sales-type leases. Equity in earnings from our TimWen joint venture was $2,252 and $2,522 for the three months ended March 30, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively.

    The following table reconciles profit by segment to the Company’s consolidated income before income taxes:
    Three Months Ended
    March 30,
    2025
    March 31,
    2024
    Wendy’s U.S.$120,977 $125,824 
    Wendy’s International9,444 10,690 
    Global Real Estate & Development24,676 24,061 
    Total segment adjusted EBITDA155,097 160,575 
    Unallocated franchise support and other costs(587)(26)
    Advertising funds surplus144 207 
    Unallocated general and administrative (a)(34,123)(33,390)
    Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of amortization of cloud computing arrangements shown separately below)(36,549)(35,518)
    Amortization of cloud computing arrangements(4,167)(3,542)
    System optimization losses, net(90)(127)
    Reorganization and realignment costs692 (5,673)
    Impairment of long-lived assets(1,421)(2,006)
    Unallocated other operating income, net4,130 656 
    Interest expense, net(31,477)(30,535)
    Investment loss, net(1,718)— 
    Other income, net4,986 6,836 
    Income before income taxes$54,917 $57,457 
    _______________

    (a)Includes corporate overhead costs, such as employee compensation and related benefits.

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    NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts)




    (18) New Accounting Standards

    Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

    In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment to expand disclosure requirements related to certain income statement expenses. The amendment requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the notes to the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

    In January 2025, the FASB issued an update that clarified that the amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted.

    24


    Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

    Introduction

    This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of The Wendy’s Company (“The Wendy’s Company” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere within this report and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”). There have been no material changes as of March 30, 2025 to the application of our critical accounting policies as described in Item 7 of the Form 10-K. Certain statements we make under this Item 2 constitute “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Projections” in “Part II. Other Information” of this report. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in “Part II. Other Information” of this report and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report, the Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

    The Wendy’s Company is the parent company of its 100% owned subsidiary holding company, Wendy’s Restaurants, LLC (“Wendy’s Restaurants”). Wendy’s Restaurants is the parent company of Wendy’s International, LLC (formerly known as Wendy’s International, Inc). Wendy’s International, LLC is the indirect parent company of (1) Quality Is Our Recipe, LLC (“Quality”), which is the owner and franchisor of the Wendy’s restaurant system in the United States (the “U.S.”) and all international jurisdictions except for Canada, and (2) Wendy’s Restaurants of Canada Inc., which is the owner and franchisor of the Wendy’s restaurant system in Canada. As used herein, unless the context requires otherwise, the term “Company” refers to The Wendy’s Company and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and “Wendy’s” refers to Quality when the context relates to the ownership or franchising of the Wendy’s restaurant system and to Wendy’s International, LLC when the context refers to the Wendy’s brand.

    Wendy’s is primarily engaged in the business of operating, developing and franchising a system of distinctive quick-service restaurants serving high quality food. Wendy’s opened its first restaurant in Columbus, Ohio in 1969. Today, Wendy’s is the second largest quick-service restaurant company in the hamburger sandwich segment in the U.S. based on traffic and dollar share, and the third largest globally with 7,308 restaurants in the U.S. and 34 foreign countries and U.S. territories as of March 30, 2025.

    Each Wendy’s restaurant offers an extensive menu specializing in hamburger sandwiches and featuring chicken sandwiches, which are prepared to order with the customer’s choice of toppings and condiments. Wendy’s menu also includes chicken nuggets, chili, french fries, baked potatoes, freshly prepared salads, soft drinks, Frosty® desserts and kids’ meals. In addition, Wendy’s restaurants sell a variety of promotional products on a limited time basis. Wendy’s also offers breakfast across the U.S. system and in Canada. Wendy’s breakfast menu features a variety of breakfast sandwiches such as the Breakfast Baconator® and sides such as seasoned potatoes.

    The Company is comprised of the following segments: (1) Wendy’s U.S., (2) Wendy’s International and (3) Global Real Estate & Development. Wendy’s U.S. includes the operation and franchising of Wendy’s restaurants in the U.S. and derives its revenues from sales at Company-operated restaurants and royalties, fees and advertising fund collections from franchised restaurants. Wendy’s International includes the operation and franchising of Wendy’s restaurants in countries and territories other than the U.S. and derives its revenues from sales at Company-operated restaurants and royalties, fees and advertising fund collections from franchised restaurants. Global Real Estate & Development includes real estate activity for owned sites and sites leased from third parties, which are leased and/or subleased to franchisees, and also includes our share of the income of our TimWen real estate joint venture. In addition, Global Real Estate & Development earns fees from facilitating franchisee-to-franchisee restaurant transfers (“Franchise Flips”) and providing other development-related services to franchisees. In this “Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the Company reports on the segment profit for each of the three segments described above. The Company measures segment profit using segment adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Segment adjusted EBITDA excludes certain unallocated general and administrative expenses and other items that vary from period to period without correlation to
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    the Company’s core operating performance. See “Results of Operations” below and Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1 herein for segment financial information.

    The Company’s fiscal reporting periods consist of 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Sunday closest to December 31. All three-month periods presented herein contain 13 weeks. All references to years, quarters and months relate to fiscal periods rather than calendar periods.

    Executive Overview

    Our Business

    As of March 30, 2025, the Wendy’s restaurant system was comprised of 7,308 restaurants, with 5,958 Wendy’s restaurants in operation in the U.S. Of the U.S. restaurants, 387 were operated by the Company and 5,571 were operated by a total of 205 franchisees. In addition, at March 30, 2025, there were 1,350 Wendy’s restaurants in operation in 34 foreign countries and U.S. territories. Of the international restaurants, 1,337 were operated by a total of 110 franchisees and 13 were operated by the Company in the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”).

    The revenues from our restaurant business are derived from two principal sources: (1) sales at Company-operated restaurants and (2) franchise-related revenues, including royalties, national advertising funds contributions, rents and franchise fees received from Wendy’s franchised restaurants. Company-operated restaurants comprised approximately 5% of the total Wendy’s system as of March 30, 2025.

    Wendy’s operating results are impacted by a number of external factors, including commodity costs, labor costs, intense price competition, unemployment and consumer spending levels, general economic and market trends and weather.

    Wendy’s strategic framework includes providing fresh, famous food to consumers, delivering an exceptional customer experience through operational excellence and expanding the Company’s footprint across the globe. Our opportunities to execute on this framework for long-term profitable growth include (1) driving same-restaurant sales and share growth, (2) accelerating digital growth, (3) improving restaurant profitability and (4) driving global unit growth.

    Key Business Measures

    We track our results of operations and manage our business using the following key business measures:

    •Same-Restaurant Sales – We report same-restaurant sales commencing after new restaurants have been open for 15 continuous months and as soon as reimaged restaurants reopen. Restaurants temporarily closed for more than one week are excluded from same-restaurant sales. This methodology is consistent with the metric used by our management for internal reporting and analysis. The table summarizing same-restaurant sales below in “Results of Operations” provides the same-restaurant sales percent changes.

    •Company-Operated Restaurant Margin – We define Company-operated restaurant margin as sales from Company-operated restaurants less cost of sales divided by sales from Company-operated restaurants. Cost of sales includes food and paper, restaurant labor and occupancy, advertising and other operating costs. Cost of sales excludes certain costs that support restaurant operations that are not allocated to individual restaurants, which are included in “General and administrative.” Cost of sales also excludes depreciation and amortization expense and impairment of long-lived assets. Therefore, as Company-operated restaurant margin as presented excludes certain costs as described above, its usefulness may be limited and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry.

    Company-operated restaurant margin is influenced by factors such as price increases, the effectiveness of our advertising and marketing initiatives, featured products, product mix, fluctuations in food and labor costs, restaurant openings, remodels and closures and the level of our fixed and semi-variable costs.

    •Systemwide Sales – Systemwide sales includes sales by both Company-operated restaurants and franchised restaurants. Franchised restaurants’ sales are reported by our franchisees and represent their revenues from sales at franchised Wendy’s restaurants. The Company’s consolidated financial statements do not include sales by franchised restaurants to their customers. The Company’s royalty and advertising funds revenues are computed as percentages of
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    sales made by Wendy’s franchisees. As a result, sales by Wendy’s franchisees have a direct effect on the Company’s royalty and advertising funds revenues and profitability.

    The Company calculates same-restaurant sales and systemwide sales growth on a constant currency basis. Constant currency results exclude the impact of foreign currency translation and are derived by translating current year results at prior year average exchange rates. The Company believes excluding the impact of foreign currency translation provides better year over year comparability.

    Same-restaurant sales and systemwide sales exclude sales from Argentina due to that country’s highly inflationary economy. The Company considers economies that have had cumulative inflation in excess of 100% over a three-year period as highly inflationary.

    The Company believes its presentation of same-restaurant sales, Company-operated restaurant margin and systemwide sales provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of the Company’s current business and enables investors to better understand and evaluate the Company’s historical and prospective operating performance. The Company believes that these metrics are important supplemental measures of operating performance because they highlight trends in the Company’s business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on GAAP financial measures. The Company believes investors, analysts and other interested parties use these metrics in evaluating issuers and that the presentation of these measures facilitates a comparative assessment of the Company’s operating performance. With respect to same-restaurant sales and systemwide sales, the Company also believes that the data is useful in assessing consumer demand for the Company’s products and the overall success of the Wendy’s brand.

    First Quarter Financial Highlights

    •Global systemwide sales decreased 1.1% to $3.39 billion in the first quarter of 2025 compared with $3.45 billion in the first quarter of 2024;

    •Revenues decreased 2.1% to $523.5 million in the first quarter of 2025 compared with $534.8 million in the first quarter of 2024;

    •Global same-restaurant sales decreased 2.1%, U.S. same-restaurant sales decreased 2.8% and international same-restaurant sales increased 2.3% compared with the first quarter of 2024. On a two-year basis, global same-restaurant sales decreased 1.2%;

    •Global Company-operated restaurant margin was 14.3% in the first quarter of 2025, a decrease of 40 basis points compared with the first quarter of 2024; and

    •Income before income taxes decreased 4.4% to $54.9 million in the first quarter of 2025 compared with $57.5 million in the first quarter of 2024.

    Digital

    Wendy’s long-term growth opportunities include accelerating consumer-facing digital platforms and technologies. Over the past several years, the Company has invested significant resources to focus on consumer-facing technology, including enhancements to Wendy’s mobile apps and loyalty programs and establishing delivery arrangements with third-party vendors for Wendy’s U.S. and Canadian restaurants. The Company is also continuing to make digital investments and is partnering with key technology providers to help execute our digital, restaurant technology and enterprise technology initiatives and support our technology innovation and growth. The Company’s digital business has continued to grow and digital sales increased from approximately 16.8% of global systemwide sales during the first quarter of 2024 to approximately 20.3% during the first quarter of 2025.

    New Restaurant Development

    Wendy’s long-term growth opportunities include expanding the Company’s footprint across the globe. To promote new restaurant development, the Company has provided franchisees with certain incentive programs for qualifying new and existing restaurants, in addition to our build to suit development fund. In addition, the Company has development agreements in place
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    with a number of franchisees that contractually obligate such franchisees to open additional Wendy’s restaurants over a specified timeframe. During the three months ended March 30, 2025, Wendy’s added 68 net new restaurants across the system.

    Results of Operations

    The tables included throughout this Results of Operations section set forth in millions the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024.
    First Quarter
     20252024Change
    Revenues:   
    Sales$219.5 $225.3 $(5.8)
    Franchise royalty revenue and fees145.1 146.6 (1.5)
    Franchise rental income58.5 58.0 0.5 
    Advertising funds revenue100.4 104.9 (4.5)
     523.5 534.8 (11.3)
    Costs and expenses: 
    Cost of sales188.2 192.1 (3.9)
    Franchise support and other costs16.6 14.7 1.9 
    Franchise rental expense30.7 31.8 (1.1)
    Advertising funds expense101.5 107.4 (5.9)
    General and administrative68.2 63.8 4.4 
    Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of amortization of cloud computing arrangements shown separately below)36.5 35.5 1.0 
    Amortization of cloud computing arrangements4.2 3.5 0.7 
    System optimization losses, net0.1 0.1 — 
    Reorganization and realignment costs(0.7)5.7 (6.4)
    Impairment of long-lived assets1.4 2.0 (0.6)
    Other operating income, net(6.3)(3.0)(3.3)
     440.4 453.6 (13.2)
    Operating profit83.1 81.2 1.9 
    Interest expense, net(31.5)(30.5)(1.0)
    Investment loss, net(1.7)— (1.7)
    Other income, net5.0 6.8 (1.8)
    Income before income taxes54.9 57.5 (2.6)
    Provision for income taxes(15.7)(15.5)(0.2)
    Net income$39.2 $42.0 $(2.8)
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    First Quarter
    2025% of
    Total Revenues
    2024% of
    Total Revenues
    Revenues:    
    Sales$219.5 41.9 %$225.3 42.1 %
    Franchise royalty revenue and fees:
    Franchise royalty revenue121.7 23.2 %125.7 23.5 %
    Franchise fees23.4 4.5 %20.9 3.9 %
    Total franchise royalty revenue and fees145.1 27.7 %146.6 27.4 %
    Franchise rental income
    58.5 11.2 %58.0 10.8 %
    Advertising funds revenue
    100.4 19.2 %104.9 19.7 %
    Total revenues
    $523.5 100.0 %$534.8 100.0 %
    First Quarter
    2025% of 
    Sales
    2024% of 
    Sales
    Cost of sales:
    Food and paper$67.7 30.8 %$69.1 30.7 %
    Restaurant labor70.8 32.3 %73.6 32.7 %
    Occupancy, advertising and other operating costs
    49.7 22.6 %49.4 21.9 %
    Total cost of sales$188.2 85.7 %$192.1 85.3 %

    First Quarter
    2025% of
    Sales
    2024% of
    Sales
    Company-operated restaurant margin:
    U.S.$31.5 14.8 %$33.5 15.3 %
    Global31.3 14.3 %33.2 14.7 %

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    The table below presents certain of the Company’s key business measures, which are defined and further discussed in the “Executive Overview” section included herein.
    First Quarter
    20252024
    Key business measures:
    U.S. same-restaurant sales:
    Company-operated(1.2)%(0.8)%
    Franchised(2.9)%0.7 %
    Systemwide
    (2.8)%0.6 %
    International same-restaurant sales (a)2.3 %3.2 %
    Global same-restaurant sales:
    Company-operated(1.2)%(0.9)%
    Franchised (a)(2.2)%1.1 %
    Systemwide (a)(2.1)%0.9 %
    Systemwide sales (b):
    U.S. Company-operated$212.7 $219.5 
    U.S. franchised2,703.4 2,774.5 
    U.S. systemwide
    2,916.1 2,994.0 
    International Company-operated6.8 5.9 
    International franchised (a)466.4 448.1 
    International systemwide (a)473.2 454.0 
    Global systemwide (a)$3,389.3 $3,448.0 
    _______________

    (a)Excludes Argentina due to the impact of that country’s highly inflationary economy.

    (b)During the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, global systemwide sales decreased 1.1% and increased 2.6%, respectively, U.S. systemwide sales decreased 2.6% and increased 1.7%, respectively, and international systemwide sales increased 8.9% and 8.8%, respectively, on a constant currency basis.

    First Quarter
    U.S. Company-operatedU.S. FranchisedInternational Company-operatedInternational FranchisedSystemwide
    Restaurant count:
    Restaurant count at December 29, 2024
    381 5,552 13 1,294 7,240 
    Opened8 20 — 46 74 
    Closed— (3)— (3)(6)
    Net (sold to) purchased by franchisees(2)2 — — — 
    Restaurant count at March 30, 2025
    387 5,571 13 1,337 7,308 

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    SalesFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Sales$219.5 $225.3 $(5.8)

    The decrease in sales during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) net closures of Company-operated restaurants of $3.9 million and (2) a 1.2% decrease in Company-operated same-restaurant sales of $2.0 million. Company-operated same-restaurant sales decreased due to a decrease in traffic, partially offset by higher average check.

    Franchise Royalty Revenue and FeesFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Franchise royalty revenue$121.7 $125.7 $(4.0)
    Franchise fees23.4 20.9 2.5 
    $145.1 $146.6 $(1.5)

    Franchise royalty revenue during the first quarter of 2025 decreased $4.0 million primarily due to a 2.2% decrease in global franchise same-restaurant sales. Franchise same-restaurant sales during the first quarter of 2025 decreased due to a decrease in traffic, partially offset by higher average check.

    The increase in franchise fees during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to higher fees for providing information technology services to franchisees.

    Franchise Rental IncomeFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Franchise rental income$58.5 $58.0 $0.5 

    The increase in franchise rental income during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to the impact of amending certain existing leases of $1.1 million, partially offset by the impact of terminating certain existing leases of $0.3 million.

    Advertising Funds RevenueFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Advertising funds revenue$100.4 $104.9 $(4.5)

    The decrease in advertising funds revenue during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) a net decrease in franchise same-restaurant sales in the U.S. and Canada of $2.6 million and (2) net closures of U.S. restaurants of $1.1 million.

    Cost of Sales, as a Percent of SalesFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Food and paper30.8 %30.7 %0.1 %
    Restaurant labor32.3 %32.7 %(0.4)%
    Occupancy, advertising and other operating costs22.6 %21.9 %0.7 %
    85.7 %85.3 %0.4 %

    The increase in cost of sales, as a percent of sales, during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) higher commodity costs, (2) a decrease in traffic and (3) an increase in restaurant labor rates. These impacts were partially offset by (1) higher average check and (2) labor efficiencies.

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    Franchise Support and Other CostsFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Franchise support and other costs$16.6 $14.7 $1.9 

    The increase in franchise support and other costs during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) an increase in costs associated with the Company’s build to suit development fund and (2) an increase in other miscellaneous costs for providing services to franchisees.

    Franchise Rental ExpenseFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Franchise rental expense$30.7 $31.8 $(1.1)

    The decrease in franchise rental expense during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to the impact of terminating certain existing leases.

    Advertising Funds ExpenseFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Advertising funds expense$101.5 $107.4 $(5.9)

    On an interim basis, advertising funds expense is recognized in proportion to advertising funds revenue. The decrease in advertising funds expense during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) the same factors as described above for “Advertising Funds Revenue” and (2) a decrease in the recognition of the Company breakfast advertising spend in excess of advertising funds revenue when compared to the prior year.

    General and AdministrativeFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Employee compensation and benefits$38.5 $34.6 $3.9 
    Other, net29.7 29.2 0.5 
    $68.2 $63.8 $4.4 

    The increase in general and administrative expenses during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits.

    Depreciation and Amortization (exclusive of amortization of cloud computing arrangements shown separately below)First Quarter
    20252024Change
    Restaurants$22.8 $22.5 $0.3 
    Technology support, corporate and other13.7 13.1 0.6 
    $36.5 $35.5 $1.0 

    The increase in depreciation and amortization during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to depreciation and amortization for technology investments.

    Amortization of Cloud Computing ArrangementsFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Amortization of cloud computing arrangements$4.2 $3.5 $0.7 

    The increase in amortization of cloud computing arrangements during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to amortization of assets associated with the Company’s digital investments.

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    System Optimization Losses, NetFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    System optimization losses, net$0.1 $0.1 $— 

    System optimization losses, net for the first quarter of 2025 were primarily comprised of losses on the sale of restaurants. System optimization losses, net for the first quarter of 2024 were comprised of losses on the sale of surplus and other properties. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1 herein for further information.

    Reorganization and Realignment CostsFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Organizational Redesign Plan$(1.0)$5.6 $(6.6)
    Other reorganization and realignment plans0.3 0.1 0.2 
    $(0.7)$5.7 $(6.4)

    During the first quarter of 2025, the Company recognized costs under the Organizational Redesign Plan of ($1.0) million, which primarily included a reversal of a severance accrual as a result of a change in estimate. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company recognized costs under the Organizational Redesign Plan of $5.6 million, which primarily included severance and related employee costs. See Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1 herein for further information on the Organizational Redesign Plan.

    Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Impairment of long-lived assets$1.4 $2.0 $(0.6)

    The decrease in impairment of long-lived assets during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to lower impairment charges resulting from the deterioration in operating performance of certain Company-operated restaurants.

    Other Operating Income, NetFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Claim settlement$4.0 $— $4.0 
    Other, net 2.3 3.0 (0.7)
    $6.3 $3.0 $3.3 

    The increase in other operating income, net during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to the settlement of a claim.

    Interest Expense, NetFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Interest expense, net$31.5 $30.5 $1.0 

    The increase in interest expense, net during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to lower interest income as a result of amending certain sales-type and direct financing leases.

    Investment Loss, NetFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Investment loss, net$1.7 $— $1.7 

    During the first quarter of 2025, the Company recorded a loss of $1.7 million due to impairment charges for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of an investment in equity securities.

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    Other Income, NetFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Other income, net$5.0 $6.8 $(1.8)

    The decrease in other income, net during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to a decrease in interest income, reflecting lower balances of cash equivalents.

    Provision for Income TaxesFirst Quarter
    20252024Change
    Income before income taxes$54.9 $57.5 $(2.6)
    Provision for income taxes
    (15.7)(15.5)(0.2)
    Effective tax rate on income
    28.6 %26.9 %1.7 %

    The effective tax rates for the first quarter of 2025 and 2024 were impacted by variations in income before income taxes, adjusted for recurring items such as non-deductible expenses and state income taxes, as well as non-recurring discrete items. The increase in the effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2025 compared with the first quarter of 2024 was primarily due to (1) a one-time adjustment to our deferred income taxes related to prior periods, (2) an increase in the tax effects of our foreign operations and (3) an increase in state income taxes.

    Segment Information

    See Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1 herein for further information regarding the Company’s segments.

    Wendy’s U.S.
    First Quarter
    20252024Change
    Sales$212.7 $219.5 $(6.8)
    Franchise royalty revenue104.4 108.9 (4.5)
    Franchise fees20.7 17.8 2.9 
    Advertising fund revenue91.8 96.7 (4.9)
    Total revenues$429.6 $442.9 $(13.3)
    Segment profit$121.0 $125.8 $(4.8)

    The decrease in Wendy’s U.S. revenues during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) a decrease in same-restaurant sales and (2) net closures of restaurants. Same-restaurant sales decreased during the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to a decrease in traffic, partially offset by higher average check.

    The decrease in Wendy’s U.S. segment profit during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to (1) higher general and administrative expense and (2) lower revenues.

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    Wendy’s International
    First Quarter
    20252024Change
    Sales$6.8 $5.9 $0.9 
    Franchise royalty revenue17.3 16.8 0.5 
    Franchise fees2.0 1.9 0.1 
    Advertising fund revenue8.6 8.2 0.4 
    Total revenues$34.7 $32.8 $1.9 
    Segment profit$9.4 $10.7 $(1.3)

    The increase in Wendy’s International revenues during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to net new restaurant development.

    The decrease in Wendy’s International segment profit during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to higher advertising fund expenses.

    Global Real Estate & Development
    First Quarter
    20252024Change
    Franchise fees$0.6 $1.1 $(0.5)
    Franchise rental income58.5 58.0 0.5 
    Total revenues$59.1 $59.1 $— 
    Segment profit$24.7 $24.1 $0.6 

    Global Real Estate & Development revenues during the first quarter of 2025 were flat compared with the first quarter of 2024, primarily due to higher franchise rental income driven by the same factors as described above for “Franchise Rental Income,” offset by a decrease in franchise fee revenue driven by lower development-related fees.

    The increase in Global Real Estate & Development segment profit during the first quarter of 2025 was primarily due to lower franchise rental expense driven by the same factors as described above for “Franchise Rental Expense.”

    Liquidity and Capital Resources

    As of March 30, 2025, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $389.0 million. In addition, the Company maintains a revolving financing facility, which allows for the drawing of up to $300.0 million. Based on current levels of operations, the Company expects that available cash and cash flows from operations will provide sufficient liquidity to meet operating cash requirements for the next 12 months.

    We currently believe we have the ability to pursue additional sources of liquidity if needed or desired to fund operating cash requirements or for other purposes. However, there can be no assurance that additional liquidity will be readily available or available on terms acceptable to us.

    Stock Repurchases

    In January 2023, our Board of Directors authorized a repurchase program for up to $500.0 million of our common stock through February 28, 2027, when and if market conditions warrant and to the extent legally permissible (the “January 2023 Authorization”). During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 8.2 million shares under the January 2023 Authorization with an aggregate purchase price of $124.1 million, of which $1.4 million was accrued as of March 30, 2025, and excluding excise tax of $1.2 million and commissions of $0.1 million. As of March 30, 2025, the Company had $110.9 million of availability remaining under the January 2023 Authorization. Subsequent to March 30, 2025 through April 25, 2025, the Company repurchased 3.8 million shares under the January 2023 Authorization with an aggregate purchase price of $50.9 million, excluding applicable excise tax and commissions.

    35


    Dividends

    On March 17, 2025, the Company paid a quarterly cash dividend per share of $.25, aggregating $49.4 million. On May 2, 2025, the Company announced a dividend of $.14 per share to be paid on June 16, 2025 to stockholders of record as of June 2, 2025. If the Company pays regular quarterly cash dividends for the remainder of 2025 at the same rate as declared in the second quarter of 2025, the Company’s total cash requirement for dividends for the remainder of 2025 would be approximately $80.7 million based on the number of shares of its common stock outstanding at April 25, 2025. The Company currently intends to continue to declare and pay quarterly cash dividends; however, there can be no assurance that any additional quarterly dividends will be declared or paid or of the amount or timing of such dividends, if any.

    Long-Term Debt, Including Current Portion

    Wendy’s U.S. advertising fund has a revolving line of credit of $15.0 million, which was established to support the Company’s advertising fund operations. During the three months ended March 30, 2025, the Company drew down $15.0 million under the revolving line of credit, of which the Company repaid $8.5 million in March 2025. As a result, as of March 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $6.5 million under the revolving line of credit.

    Except as described above, there were no material changes to the Company’s debt obligations since December 29, 2024. The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of March 30, 2025. See Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1 herein for further information related to our long-term debt obligations.

    Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

    The table below summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the first three months of 2025 and 2024:
    First Quarter
    20252024Change
    Net cash provided by (used in):
    Operating activities$85.4 $100.0 $(14.6)
    Investing activities(21.5)(20.8)(0.7)
    Financing activities(179.3)(72.6)(106.7)
    Effect of exchange rate changes on cash0.8 (2.3)3.1 
    Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$(114.6)$4.3 $(118.9)

    Operating Activities

    Cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net income, adjusted for non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization, deferred income tax and share-based compensation, and the net change in operating assets and liabilities. Cash provided by operating activities was $85.4 million and $100.0 million in the first three months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change was primarily due to the timing of payments for marketing expenses of the national advertising funds.

    Investing Activities

    Cash used in investing activities was $21.5 million and $20.8 million in the first three months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change was primarily due to an increase in expenditures associated with the Company’s franchise development fund of $1.1 million.

    Financing Activities

    Cash used in financing activities was $179.3 million and $72.6 million in the first three months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change was primarily due to an increase in repurchases of the Company’s common stock of $115.5 million, partially offset by a net increase in cash provided by long-term debt activities of $6.5 million, reflecting the impact of the draw on the Company’s U.S. advertising fund revolving line of credit.

    36


    General Inflation, Commodities and Changing Prices

    Inflationary pressures on labor directly impacted our consolidated results of operations during the three months ended March 30, 2025, and we anticipate continued labor inflation throughout the remainder of 2025. We attempt to manage any inflationary costs and commodity price increases through selective menu price increases, product mix and focused execution of operational excellence. Delays in implementing such menu price increases and competitive pressures may limit our ability to recover such cost increases in the future. Inherent volatility experienced in certain commodity markets, such as those for beef, chicken, eggs, pork, cheese and grains, could have a significant effect on our results of operations and may have an adverse effect on us in the future. The extent of any impact will depend on our ability to manage such volatility through product mix and selective menu price increases.

    Seasonality

    Wendy’s restaurant operations are moderately seasonal. Wendy’s average restaurant sales are normally higher during the summer months than during the winter months. Because our business is moderately seasonal, results for a particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for any other quarter or for the full fiscal year.

    Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

    As of March 30, 2025 there were no material changes from the information contained in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024.

    Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

    Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

    The management of the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 30, 2025. Based on such evaluations, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 30, 2025, the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company were effective at a reasonable assurance level in (1) recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and (2) ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

    Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

    There were no changes in the internal control over financial reporting of the Company during the first quarter of 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

    Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

    There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any control system, including the potential for human error and the possible circumvention or overriding of controls and procedures. Additionally, judgments in decision-making can be faulty and breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. An effective control system can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control objectives of the system are adequately met. Accordingly, the management of the Company, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the control system can prevent or detect all error or fraud. Finally, projections of any evaluation or assessment of effectiveness of a control system to future periods are subject to the risks that, over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in an entity’s operating environment or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.
    37


    PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

    Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Projections

    This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and oral statements made from time to time by representatives of the Company may contain or incorporate by reference certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”). Generally, forward-looking statements include the words “may,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimate,” “goal,” “upcoming,” “outlook,” “guidance” or the negation thereof, or similar expressions. In addition, all statements that address future operating, financial or business performance, strategies or initiatives, future efficiencies or savings, anticipated costs or charges, future capitalization, anticipated impacts of recent or pending investments or transactions and statements expressing general views about future results or brand health are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Reform Act. Forward-looking statements are based on our expectations at the time such statements are made, speak only as of the dates they are made and are susceptible to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors. For all of our forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Reform Act. Our actual results, performance and achievements may differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. Many important factors could affect our future results and cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

    •the impact of competition or poor customer experiences at Wendy’s restaurants;

    •adverse economic conditions or disruptions, including in regions with a high concentration of Wendy’s restaurants;

    •changes in discretionary consumer spending and consumer tastes and preferences;

    •impacts to our corporate reputation or the value and perception of our brand;

    •the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising programs and new product development;

    •our ability to manage the impact of social or digital media;

    •our ability to protect our intellectual property;

    •food safety events or health concerns involving our products;

    •our ability to deliver global sales growth and maintain or grow market share across our dayparts;

    •our ability to achieve our growth strategy through new restaurant development;

    •our ability to effectively manage the acquisition and disposition of restaurants or successfully implement other strategic initiatives;

    •risks associated with leasing and owning significant amounts of real estate, including environmental matters;

    •risks associated with our international operations, including our ability to execute our international growth strategy;

    •changes in commodity and other operating costs;

    •shortages or interruptions in the supply or distribution of our products and other risks associated with our independent supply chain purchasing co-op;

    •the impact of increased labor costs or labor shortages;

    •the continued succession and retention of key personnel and the effectiveness of our leadership and organizational structure;

    •risks associated with our digital commerce strategy, platforms and technologies, including our ability to adapt to changes in industry trends and consumer preferences;
    38



    •our dependence on computer systems and information technology, including risks associated with the failure or interruption of our systems or technology or the occurrence of cyber incidents or deficiencies;

    •risks associated with our securitized financing facility and other debt agreements, including compliance with operational and financial covenants, restrictions on our ability to raise additional capital, the impact of our overall debt levels and our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations and operate our business;

    •risks associated with our capital allocation policy, including the amount and timing of equity and debt repurchases and dividend payments;

    •risks associated with complaints and litigation, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and an increased focus on environmental, social and governance issues;

    •risks associated with the availability and cost of insurance, changes in accounting standards, the recognition of impairment or other charges, changes in tax rates or tax laws and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

    •conditions beyond our control, such as adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, hostilities, social unrest, health epidemics or pandemics or other catastrophic events;

    •risks associated with our predominantly franchised business model; and

    •other risks and uncertainties affecting us and our subsidiaries referred to in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025 (see especially “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) and in our other current and periodic filings with the SEC.

    All future written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to above. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and factors that we currently deem immaterial may become material, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as a result of new information, future events or developments, except as required by federal securities laws, although we may do so from time to time. We do not endorse any projections regarding future performance that may be made by third parties.

    Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

    The Company is involved in litigation and claims incidental to our business. We provide accruals for such litigation and claims when we determine it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the loss is reasonably estimable. The Company believes it has adequate accruals for all of its legal and environmental matters. We cannot estimate the aggregate possible range of loss for our existing litigation and claims due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, many proceedings being in preliminary stages, with various motions either yet to be submitted or pending, discovery yet to occur, and significant factual matters unresolved. In addition, most cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages and many involve multiple parties. Predicting the outcomes of settlement discussions or judicial or arbitral decisions is thus inherently difficult and future developments could cause these actions or claims, individually or in aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows of a particular reporting period.

    Item 1A. Risk Factors.

    In addition to the information contained in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Except as described elsewhere in this report, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K.

    39


    Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

    The following table provides information with respect to repurchases of shares of our common stock by us and our “affiliated purchasers” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) during the first quarter of 2025:

    Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
    PeriodTotal Number of Shares Purchased (1)Average
    Price Paid
    per Share
    Total Number of
    Shares Purchased
    as Part of
    Publicly Announced
    Plans
    Approximate Dollar
    Value of Shares
    that May Yet Be
    Purchased Under
    the Plans (2)
    December 30, 2024
    through
    February 2, 2025
    394,456 $15.09 385,410 $229,200,345 
    February 3, 2025
    through
    March 2, 2025
    5,907,406 $15.19 5,815,820 $140,934,023 
    March 3, 2025
    through
    March 30, 2025
    1,994,135 $15.16 1,980,740 $110,929,598 
    Total8,295,997 $15.18 8,181,970 $110,929,598 

    (1)Includes 114,027 shares of common stock reacquired by the Company from holders of share-based awards to satisfy certain requirements associated with the vesting or exercise of the respective award. The shares were valued at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting or exercise date of such awards, as set forth in the applicable plan document.

    (2)In January 2023, our Board of Directors authorized a repurchase program for up to $500.0 million of our common stock through February 28, 2027, when and if market conditions warrant and to the extent legally permissible.

    Subsequent to March 30, 2025 through April 25, 2025, the Company repurchased 3.8 million shares under the January 2023 Authorization with an aggregate purchase price of $50.9 million, excluding applicable excise tax and commissions.

    40


    Item 6. Exhibits.
    EXHIBIT NO.DESCRIPTION
      
    10.1
    Form of Long-Term Performance Unit Award Agreement for 2025 under The Wendy’s Company 2020 Omnibus Award Plan * **
    31.1
    Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of The Wendy’s Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
    31.2
    Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of The Wendy’s Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
    32.1
    Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
    101
    The following financial information from The Wendy’s Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2025 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
    104
    The cover page from The Wendy’s Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
    _______________
    *Filed herewith.
    **Identifies a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
    41


    SIGNATURES

    Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
     
    THE WENDY’S COMPANY
    (Registrant)
    Date: May 2, 2025
     

    By: /s/ Kenneth Cook                                                              
     Kenneth Cook                                                             
    Chief Financial Officer
     (On behalf of the registrant)
      
    Date: May 2, 2025
    By: /s/ Suzanne M. Thuerk                                                       
     Suzanne M. Thuerk
     Chief Accounting Officer
     (Principal Accounting Officer)
    42
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