SEC Form 20-F filed by China SXT Pharmaceuticals Inc.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________.

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

Commission file number: 001-38773

China SXT Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

British Virgin Islands

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

178 Taidong Rd North, Taizhou

Jiangsu, China

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Feng Zhou

178 Taidong Rd North, Taizhou

Jiangsu, China

+86- 523-86298290

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of March 31, 2023 was: 11,434,129 ordinary shares, par value $0.08 per share.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐   No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 ☐   Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐   No ☒

CHINA SXT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

CERTAIN INFORMATION

In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless otherwise indicated, “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” refer to China SXT Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and the VIE; we conduct operations in China through our subsidiaries and the VIE. “China SXT” or “the Company” refers to China SXT Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a company organized in the British Virgin Islands. “SXT HK” refers to China SXT Group Limited, a Hong Kong Corporation. “WFOE” refers to Taizhou Suxuantang Biotechnology Co. Ltd., a limited liability company organized under the laws of the PRC. “Taizhou Suxuantang” or “the VIE” refers to Jiangsu Suxuantang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a limited liability company organized under the laws of the PRC.

We are a holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and not a Chinese operating company. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct our operations through our subsidiaries in China and the VIE in China. For accounting purposes, we are deemed as the primary beneficiary of the VIE pursuant to the certain contractual arrangements (the “VIE Agreements”), and can consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements under generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”), and the structure involves unique risks to investors. Our shareholders hold equity interest in China SXT, the offshore holding company in the British Virgin Islands, instead of equity interest in our subsidiaries or the VIE in China, The VIE structure provides contractual exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies. Chinese law, however, does not prohibit direct foreign investment in the VIE. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

Because we do not directly hold equity interests in the VIE, we are subject to risks and uncertainties of the interpretations and applications of PRC laws and regulations, including but not limited to, regulatory review of overseas listing of PRC companies through special purpose vehicles and the validity and enforcement of the VIE Agreements. We are also subject to the risks and uncertainties about any future actions of the PRC government in this regard that could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations, and the value of our ordinary shares (“Ordinary Shares”) may depreciate significantly or become worthless. The VIE Agreements have not been tested in a court of law in China as of the date of this annual report. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China.” 

Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references to “China” and the “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, all references to “Renminbi” or “RMB” are to the legal currency of the People’s Republic of China, all references to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. On March 31, 2023, the cash buying rate announced by the People’s Bank of China was RMB 6.8676 to   $1.00.

On May 10, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved an amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to effectuate a one-for-twenty (1-for-20) reverse split for its ordinary shares (the “2022 Reverse Split”). The market effective date of 2022 Reverse Split was May 19, 2022, which was the first day when the Company’s ordinary shares begin trading on a split-adjusted basis. The 2022 Reverse Split did not change the number of the Company’s authorized preferred and ordinary shares, which remain as unlimited. As a result of 2022 Reverse Split, the shareholders received one new ordinary share of the Company, par value $0.08 each, for every twenty (20) shares they hold. No fractional ordinary shares were issued to any shareholders in connection with the reverse stock split. Each shareholder was entitled to receive one ordinary share in lieu of the fractional share that would have resulted from the reverse stock split. The share numbers in this annual report are all presented on a post-split basis unless otherwise noted.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that represent our beliefs, projections and predictions about future events. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements,” including any projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items, any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, any statements concerning proposed new projects or other developments, any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, any statements of management’s beliefs, goals, strategies, intentions and objectives, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “would”, “predicts”, “potential”, “continue”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “future”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “estimates” and similar expressions, as well as statements in the future tense, identify forward-looking statements.

These statements are necessarily subjective and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements described in or implied by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from expected results described in our forward-looking statements, including with respect to correct measurement and identification of factors affecting our business or the extent of their likely impact, and the accuracy and completeness of the publicly available information with respect to the factors upon which our business strategy is based on the success of our business.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether, or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and management’s belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those factors discussed under the headings “D. Risk Factors”, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” and elsewhere in this report.

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not Applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not Applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

3.A. [Reserved]

3.B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable.

3.C. Reasons For The Offer And Use Of Proceeds

Not Applicable.

3.D. Risk Factors

An investment in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” before you decide to invest in our ordinary shares. We are a holding company with substantial operations in China and are subject to a legal and regulatory environment that in many respects differs from the United States. If any of the following risks, or any other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Summary of Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business

Risks and uncertainties related to our business include, but are not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

We are also subject to risks and uncertainties related to our corporate structure, including, but are not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

We face risks and uncertainties relating to doing business in the PRC in general, including, but not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

In addition to the risks described above, we are subject to general risks and uncertainties relating to our ordinary shares, including, but not limited to, the following:

Risks Related to Our Business

We face risks related to natural disasters (whether or not caused by climate change), unusually adverse weather conditions, pandemic outbreaks, in particular, the current coronavirus pandemic, terrorist acts and global political events, all of which could result in adverse effects to our business and financial performance. 

Global pandemics, epidemics in China or elsewhere in the world, or fear of spread of contagious diseases, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), COVID-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, and avian flu, as well as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, or other natural disasters could disrupt our business operations, reduce or restrict our supply of products, incur significant costs to protect our employees and facilities, or result in regional or global economic distress, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Actual or threatened war, terrorist activities, political unrest, civil strife, and other geopolitical uncertainty could have a similar adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any one or more of these events may impede our production and delivery efforts and adversely affect our sales results, whether short-term or for a prolonged period of time, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

COVID-19 has spread to many countries and was declared a pandemic by the WHO, resulting in actions from national and local governments that have significantly affected virtually all facets of the PRC and global economies. Since early 2020, Jiangsu Province, where we conduct a substantial part of our business, was materially impacted by the COVID-19. We have been following the recommendations of local health authorities to minimize exposure risk for our employees, including the temporary closures of our offices and production, and having employees work remotely. Due to the material impacts of COVID-19 on our logistics, our production was picking up slowly and returned to the normal level in May 2020. Since January 1, 2022 to December 2022, there have been outbreaks of the Omicron variant of the COVID-19 in China and the local governments have placed lockdown and mass testing policies in several provinces, including Jiangsu, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan, and Anhui, where some of our suppliers and clients operate, which had created disruption in the delivery of our raw materials and finished products and negatively impacted our revenue for the year ended March 31, 2023. Since January 2023 and as of the date of this annual report, the lockdown and mass testing policies had been lifted, since December 2022 and the operations of our suppliers and clients are gradually recovering.

If there is not a material recovery in the COVID-19 situation, or the situation further deteriorates in China, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. While the potential downturn brought by and the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak is difficult to assess or predict and the full impact of the virus on our operations will depend on many factors beyond our control. Our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially adversely affected to the extent that COVID-19 persists in China or harms the Chinese and global economy in general. 

We are also vulnerable to natural disasters and other calamities. We cannot assure you that we are adequately protected from the effects of fire, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins, war, riots, terrorist attacks, or similar events. Any of the foregoing events may give rise to interruptions, damage to our place of business, delays in product deliveries, breakdowns, system failures, or internet failures, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We have limited sources of working capital and will need substantial additional financing

The working capital required to implement our business plan will most likely be provided by funds obtained through offerings of our equity, debt, debt-linked securities, and/or equity-linked securities, and revenues generated by us. No assurance can be given that we will have revenues sufficient to sustain our operations or that we would be able to obtain equity/debt financing in the current economic environment. If we do not have sufficient working capital and are unable to generate sufficient revenues or raise additional funds, we may delay the completion of or significantly reduce the scope of our current business plan; delay some of our development and clinical or marketing efforts; postpone the hiring of new personnel; or, under certain dire financial circumstances, substantially curtail or cease our operations.

To date, we have relied almost exclusively on organically generated revenues and financing transactions to fund our operations. Our inability to obtain sufficient additional financing would have a material adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan and, as a result, could require us to significantly curtail or potentially cease our operations. As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $17,368,478, total current assets of $19,521,247 and total current liabilities of $14,496,938. As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $15,524,322, total current assets of $22,451,855 and total current liabilities of $17,121,565. We will need to engage in capital-raising transactions in the near future. Such financing transactions may well cause substantial dilution to our shareholders and could involve the issuance of securities with rights senior to the outstanding shares. Our ability to complete additional financings is dependent on, among other things, the state of the capital markets at the time of any proposed offering, market reception of the Company and the likelihood of the success of its business model and offering terms. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain any such additional capital through asset sales, equity or debt financing, or any combination thereof, on satisfactory terms or at all. Additionally, no assurance can be given that any such financing, if obtained, will be adequate to meet our capital needs and to support our operations. If we do not obtain adequate capital on a timely basis and on satisfactory terms, our revenues and operations and the value of our Ordinary Shares and Ordinary Share equivalents would be materially negatively impacted and we may cease our operations.

Although we were incorporated 17 years ago, our significant business lines have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and results of operations.

We only started to produce Directly-Oral traditional Chinese medicine pieces products (the “Directly-Oral-TCMP”) and After-soaking-oral TCMP products (the “After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP”) as our principal products four years ago. As a result, our past operating results are not an accurate indication of the lines of business we are principally engaged in currently. Thus, you should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties experienced by early stage companies in evolving markets rather than typical companies of our age. Some of these risks and uncertainties relate to our ability to:

If we are unsuccessful in addressing any of these risks and uncertainties, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

Our failure to compete effectively may adversely affect our ability to generate revenue.

We compete with other companies, many of whom are developing or can be expected to develop products similar to ours. Many of our competitors are also more established than we are, and have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we presently possess. Some of our competitors, such as “Huichuntang” and “Tongrentang”, have greater name recognition and a larger customer base. These competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities and customer requirements and may be able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively with current or future competitors or that the competitive pressures we face will not harm our business.

Our dependence on a small number of customers could adversely affect our business or results of operations.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from a relatively small number of customers. Suxuantang had three significant customers which accounted for 30.26%, 20.02%, and 13.87% of our total revenue during the year ended March 31, 2023, respectively. We expect that Suxuantang’s largest customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of its total net revenue for the foreseeable future. Suxuantang has long-standing relationships with many of its significant customers. However, because Suxuantang’s customers generally contract with a finite duration, Suxuantang may lose these customers if the contracts are not renewed or replaced. The loss or reduction of, or failure to renew or replace, any significant contracts with any of these customers could materially reduce Suxuantang’s revenue and cash flows. If Suxuantang does not replace them with other customers, the loss of business from any one of such customers could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

We are dependent on certain key personnel and loss of these key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success is, to a certain extent, attributable to the management, sales and marketing, and research and development expertise of key personnel. We are dependent upon the services of Mr. Zhou, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, for the continued growth and operation of our Company, due to his industry experience, as well as his personal and business contacts in the PRC. We may not be able to retain Mr. Zhou for any given period of time. Although we have no reason to believe that Mr. Zhou will discontinue his services with us or Taizhou Suxuantang, the interruption or loss of his services would adversely affect our ability to effectively run our business and pursue our business strategy as well as our results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain these officers after the terms of their employment expire. The loss of these officers could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We do not carry key man life insurance for any of our key personnel, nor do we foresee purchasing such insurance to protect against the loss of key personnel.

We may not be able to hire and retain qualified personnel to support our growth and if we are unable to retain or hire these personnel in the future, our ability to improve our products and implement our business objectives could be adversely affected.

We must attract, recruit and retain a sizeable workforce of technically competent employees. Competition for senior management and personnel in the PRC is intense and the pool of qualified candidates in the PRC is very limited. We may not be able to retain the services of our senior executives or personnel, or attract and retain high-quality senior executives or personnel in the future. This failure could materially and adversely affect our future growth and financial condition.

If we fail to increase our brand recognition, we may face difficulty in obtaining new customers.

Although our brand is well-respected in traditional Chinese medicine pieces (the “TCMP”) industry, we still believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand recognition in a cost-effective manner outside of that market is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our current and future products and services and is an important element in our effort to increase our customer base. Successful promotion of our other brands, or Suxuantang outside the TCMP industry, will depend largely on our ability to maintain a sizeable and active customer base, our marketing efforts and ability to provide reliable and useful products and services at competitive prices. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we will incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, or if we incur substantial expenses in an unsuccessful attempt to promote and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract enough new customers or retain our existing customers to the extent necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts, in which case our business, operating results and financial condition, would be materially adversely affected.

Any disruption in the supply chain of raw materials and our products could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver products.

As to the products we manufacture, we must manage our supply chain for raw materials and delivery of our products. Supply chain fragmentation and local protectionism within China further complicates supply chain disruption risks. Local administrative bodies and physical infrastructure built to protect local interests pose transportation challenges for raw material transportation as well as product delivery throughout China. In addition, profitability and volume could be negatively impacted by limitations inherent within the supply chain, including competitive, governmental, legal, natural disasters, and other events that could impact both supply and price. Any of these occurrences could cause significant disruptions to our supply chain, manufacturing capability and distribution system that could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver some of our products.

Additionally, some of the raw materials we use are procured from farmers, who can be faced with environmental risks outside of their control. If these farmers are unable to control any environmental issues, they may not have the ability to supply continuously and stably.

Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property.

Our success depends on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for products developed utilizing our technologies, in the PRC and in other countries, and to enforce these patents. There is no assurance that any of our existing and future patents will be held valid and enforceable against third-party infringement or that our products will not infringe any third-party patent or intellectual property. Although we have filed additional patent applications with the Patent Administration Department of the PRC, there is no assurance that they will be granted.

Any patents relating to our technologies may not be sufficiently broad to protect our products. In addition, our patents may be challenged, potentially invalidated or potentially circumvented. Our patents may not afford us protection against competitors with similar technology or permit the commercialization of our products without infringing third-party patents or other intellectual property rights.

We also rely on or intend to rely on our trademarks, trade names and brand names to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors, and have registered or will apply to register a number of these trademarks. However, third parties may oppose our trademark applications or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing these new brands. Further, our competitors may infringe our trademarks, or we may not have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.

In addition, we also have trade secrets, non-patented proprietary expertise and continuing technological innovation that we shall seek to protect, in part, by entering into confidentiality agreements with licensees, suppliers, employees and consultants. These agreements may be breached and there may not be adequate remedies in the event of a breach. Disputes may arise concerning the ownership of intellectual property or the applicability of confidentiality agreements. Moreover, our trade secrets and proprietary technology may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors. If patents are not issued with respect to products arising from research, we may not be able to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to these products.

Our TCMP business is subject to inherent risks relating to product liability and personal injury claims.

TCMP companies, similar to pharmaceutical companies, are exposed to risks inherent in the manufacturing and distribution of TCMP products, such as with respect to improper filling of prescriptions, labeling of prescriptions, adequacy of warnings, and unintentional distribution of counterfeit drugs. In addition, product liability claims may be asserted against us with respect to any of the products we sell and as a distributor, we are required to pay for damages for any successful product liability claim against us, although we may have the right under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations to recover from the relevant manufacturer for compensation we paid to our customers in connection with a product liability claim. We may also be obligated to recall affected products. If we are found liable for product liability claims, we could be required to pay substantial monetary damages. Furthermore, even if we successfully defend ourselves against this type of claim, we could be required to spend significant management, financial and other resources, which could disrupt our business, and our reputation as well as our brand name may also suffer. We, like many other similar companies in China, do not carry product liability insurance. As a result, any imposition of product liability could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we do not have any business interruption insurance due to the limited coverage of any available business interruption insurance in China, and as a result, any business disruption or natural disaster could severely disrupt our business and operations and significantly decrease our revenue and profitability.

We face risks related to research and the ability to develop new TCMP products.

Our growth and survival depend on our ability to consistently discover, develop and commercialize new products and find new and improved technology and platforms. As such, if we fail to make sufficient investments in research, be attentive to consumer needs or focus on the most advanced technology, our current and future products could be surpassed by more effective or advanced products of other companies.

Our business requires a number of permits and licenses.

Pharmaceutical companies in China are required to obtain certain permits and licenses from various PRC governmental authorities, including passing Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) compliance-inspection without notification. We are also required to obtain a Pharmaceutical Product Permit.

Also, we participate in the manufacture of Chinese medicine, which is subject to various PRC laws and regulations pertaining to the pharmaceutical industry. We have obtained certificates, permits, and licenses required for the operation of a pharmaceutical enterprise and the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products in the PRC. We are required to meet GMP standards in order to continue manufacturing pharmaceutical products. There is no guarantee we will always be able to pass the GMP compliance-inspection in the future.

We cannot assure you that we can maintain all required licenses, permits and pass the GMP compliance-inspection to carry on our business at all times, and in the past from time to time we may have not been in compliance with all such required licenses, permits and pass the GMP compliance-inspection. Moreover, these licenses, permits and pass the GMP compliance-inspection are subject to periodic renewal and/or reassessment by the relevant PRC governmental authorities and the standards of such renewal or reassessment may change from time to time. We intend to apply for the renewal of these licenses, permits and to pass the GMP compliance-inspection when required by then applicable laws and regulations. Any failure by us to obtain and maintain all licenses, permits and to pass the GMP compliance-inspection necessary to carry on our business at any time could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any inability to renew these licenses, permits and to pass the GMP compliance-inspection could severely disrupt our business and prevent us from continuing to carry on our business. Any changes in the standards used by governmental authorities in considering whether to renew or reassess our business licenses, permits and to pass the GMP compliance-inspection, as well as any enactment of new regulations that may restrict the conduct of our business, may also decrease our revenue and/or increase our costs and materially reduce our profitability and prospects. Furthermore, if the interpretation or implementation of existing laws and regulations changes or if new regulations come into effect requiring us to obtain any additional licenses, permits or pass any GMP compliance-inspection that were previously not required to operate our existing businesses, we cannot assure you that we will successfully obtain such licenses, permits or pass the GMP compliance-inspection.

Our innovative Directly-Oral-TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP in China are subject to continuing regulation by the National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”) of China. If the labeling or manufacturing process of an approved medicine is significantly modified, the NMPA requires that we obtain a new pre-market approval or pre-market approval supplement. Furthermore, there is no specific law or details of regulations that apply to our innovative Directly-Oral-TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP, but we will be required to comply with all existing and new rules related to them.

Price control regulations in the PRC may decrease our profitability.

The laws of the PRC provide for the government to fix and adjust prices. The prices of certain TCMP products we distribute, including those listed in the Chinese government’s catalogue of medications that are reimbursable under the PRC’s social insurance program, or the Insurance Catalogue, are subject to control by the relevant state or provincial price administration authorities. The PRC establishes price levels for products based on market conditions, average industry cost, supply and demand and social responsibility. In practice, price control with respect to these medicines sets a ceiling on their retail price. The actual price of such medicines set by manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers cannot historically exceed the price ceiling imposed by applicable government price control regulations. Although, as a general matter, government price control regulations have resulted in lower drug prices over time, there has been no predictable pattern for such decreases. It is possible that additional products may be subject to price control, or that price controls may be increased in the future. To the extent that our products are subject to price control, our revenue, gross profit, gross margin and net income will be affected since the revenue we derive from our sales will be limited and we may face no limitation on our costs. Further, if price controls affect both our revenue and costs, our ability to be profitable and the extent of our profitability will be effectively subject to determination by the applicable regulatory authorities in the PRC. Since May 1998, the relevant PRC governmental authorities have ordered price reductions on thousands of pharmaceutical products. Such reductions, along with any future price controls or government mandated price reductions may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, including significantly reducing our revenue and profitability.

If the TCMP products we produce are replaced by other medicines or are removed from the PRC’s insurance catalogue in the future, our revenue may suffer.

Under Chinese regulations, patients purchasing medicine listed by the central and/or provincial governments in the insurance catalogue may be reimbursed, in part or in whole, by a social medicine fund. Accordingly, pharmaceutical distributors prefer to engage in the distribution of medicine listed in the insurance catalogue. Currently, 95% of our TCMP products, including 18 Advanced TCMP products are listed in the insurance catalogue.   The content of the insurance catalogue is subject to change by the PRC Ministry of Labor and Social Security, and new medicine may be added to the insurance catalogue by provincial level authorities as part of their limited ability to change certain medicines listed in the insurance catalogue. If the TCMP products we produce are replaced by other medicines or removed from the insurance catalogue in the future, our revenue may suffer.

Adverse publicity associated with our products, ingredients or network marketing program, or those of similar companies, could harm our financial condition and operating results.

The results of our operations may be significantly affected by the public’s perception of our product and similar companies. This perception is dependent upon opinions concerning:

Adverse publicity concerning any actual or purported failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding product claims and advertising, good manufacturing practices, or other aspects of our business, whether or not resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties, could have an adverse effect on our goodwill and could negatively affect our sales and ability to generate revenue. In addition, our consumers’ perception of the safety and quality of products and ingredients as well as similar products and ingredients distributed by other companies can be significantly influenced by media attention, publicized scientific research or findings, widespread product liability claims and other publicity concerning our products or ingredients or similar products and ingredients distributed by other companies. Adverse publicity, whether or not accurate or resulting from consumers’ use or misuse of our products, that associates consumption of our products or ingredients or any similar products or ingredients with illness or other adverse effects, questions the benefits of our or similar products or claims that any such products are ineffective, inappropriately labeled or have inaccurate instructions as to their use, could negatively impact our reputation or the market demand for our products.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

We do not have direct ownership of our operating entities in China and rely on VIE Agreements with the VIE for our business operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control or enabling us to derive benefits as through ownership of controlling equity interests.

We do not have direct ownership of Taizhou Suxuantang, or the VIE, in China and rely on and expect to continue to rely on the VIE Agreements with the VIE in China and its respective shareholders to operate business. Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purpose, and, therefore, we are able to consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share in the VIE, and that the investors will not and may never directly hold equity interests in the VIE either. VIE Agreements may not be as effective as an ownership of controlling equity interests would be in providing us with control over the VIE, or in enabling us to derive economic benefits from the operations of the VIE. Under the current VIE Agreements, as a legal matter, if any of the affiliated consolidated entities or any of their shareholders fails to perform its, his or her respective obligations under the VIE Agreements, we may have to incur substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements, and rely on legal remedies available under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective. For example, if shareholders of a variable interest entity were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in such variable interest entity to us or our designated persons when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, we may have to take a legal action to compel them to fulfill their contractual obligations.

If (i) the applicable PRC authorities invalidate these contractual arrangements for violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations, (ii) any variable interest entity or its shareholders terminate the contractual arrangements or (iii) any variable interest entity or its shareholders fail to perform their obligations under these contractual arrangements, our business operations in China would be materially and adversely affected, and the value of your stock would substantially decrease. Further, if we fail to renew these contractual arrangements upon their expiration, we would not be able to continue our business operations unless the then current PRC law allows us to directly operate businesses in China.

In addition, if any variable interest entity or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of the variable interest entity undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business and our ability to generate revenues.

All of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our operating entities and we may be precluded from operating our business, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Taizhou Suxuantang’s shareholders may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The equity interests of Taizhou Suxuantang are held by Mr. Feng Zhou, who is our founder, director. His interests may differ from the interests of our Company as a whole. He may breach, or cause Taizhou Suxuantang to breach, or refuse to renew the existing contractual arrangements we have with Taizhou Suxuantang, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively control Taizhou Suxuantang and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with Taizhou Suxuantang to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our Company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.

Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our Company, except that we could exercise our purchase option under the exclusive option agreement with these shareholders to request them to transfer all of their equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang to a PRC entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by PRC laws. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in the disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

Contractual arrangements in relation to our variable interest entity may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our PRC variable interest entity owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our results of operations and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities within ten years after the taxable year when the transactions are conducted. The PRC enterprise income tax law requires every enterprise in China to submit its annual enterprise income tax return together with a report on transactions with its related parties to the relevant tax authorities. The tax authorities may impose reasonable adjustments on taxation if they have identified any related party transactions that are inconsistent with arm’s length principles. We may face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements between our WFOE, our variable interest entity Taizhou Suxuantang and the shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust Taizhou Suxuantang’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by Taizhou Suxuantang for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase their tax liabilities without reducing WFOE’s tax expenses. In addition, if WFOE requests the shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang to transfer their equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang at nominal or no value pursuant to these contractual arrangements, such transfer could be viewed as a gift and subject WFOE to PRC income tax. Furthermore, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on Taizhou Suxuantang for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected if Taizhou Suxuantang’s tax liabilities increase or if they are required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other compliance procedures may be required in connection with an offering under PRC rules, regulations or policies, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or how soon we will be able to obtain such approval. As a result, both you and us face uncertainty about future actions by the PRC government that could significantly affect the operating company’s financial performance and the enforceability of the VIE Agreements.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rules”) requires an overseas special purpose vehicle that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies using shares of such special purpose vehicle or held by its shareholders as considerations to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear. If CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether it would be possible for us to obtain the approval. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC and other PRC regulatory agencies.

Based on the current PRC laws, regulations and rules that the CSRC’s approval may not be required for the listing and trading of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market in the context of this offering, given that: (i) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like ours in this annual report are subject to this regulation, (ii) we establish our WFOE by means of direct investment and acquiring equity interest or assets of an entity other than “PRC domestic company” as defined under the M&A Rules, and (iii) no explicit provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies VIE Agreements as a type of transaction subject to such Rules.

However, there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, regulations and rules or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC regulatory agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC legal counsel does. If it is determined that CSRC approval is required for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, as well as the trading price of the Ordinary Shares. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before the settlement and delivery of the Ordinary Shares that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the Ordinary Shares we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements.

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severe and Lawful Crackdown on Illegal Securities Activities, which was available to the public on July 6, 2021. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. These opinions proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems, to deal with the risks and incidents facing China-based overseas-listed companies and the demand for cybersecurity and data privacy protection. The aforementioned policies and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirement in the future. As of the date of this annual report, we have not received or been denied of any permission from the PRC authorities to list on U.S. stock exchanges.  As these opinions were recently issued, official guidance and interpretation of the opinions remain unclear in several respects at this time. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will remain fully compliant with all new regulatory requirements of these opinions or any future implementation rules on a timely basis, or at all. We face uncertainty about future actions by the PRC government that could significantly affect the operating company’s financial performance and the enforceability of the VIE Agreements.

Furthermore, on February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”), which took effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures clarified and emphasized several aspects, which include but are not limited to: (1) comprehensive determination of the “indirect overseas offering and listing by PRC domestic companies” in compliance with the principle of “substance over form” and particularly, an issuer will be required to go through the filing procedures under the Trial Measures if the following criteria are met at the same time: a) 50% or more of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by PRC domestic companies, and b) the main parts of the issuer’s business activities are conducted in mainland China, or its main places of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China; (2) exemptions from immediate filing requirements for issuers that a) have already been listed or registered but not yet listed in foreign securities markets, including U.S. markets, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, and b) are not required to re-perform the regulatory procedures with the relevant overseas regulatory authority or the overseas stock exchange, c) whose such overseas securities offering or listing shall be completed before September 30, 2023, provided however that such issuers shall carry out filing procedures as required if they conduct refinancing or are involved in other circumstances that require filing with the CSRC; (3) a negative list of types of issuers banned from listing or offering overseas, such as (a) issuers whose listing or offering overseas have been recognized by the State Council of the PRC as possible threats to national security, (b) issuers whose affiliates have been recently convicted of bribery and corruption, (c) issuers under ongoing criminal investigations, and (d) issuers under major disputes regarding equity ownership; (4) issuers’ compliance with web security, data security, and other national security laws and regulations; (5) issuers’ filing and reporting obligations, such as obligation to file with the CSRC after it submits an application for initial public offering to overseas regulators, and obligation after offering or listing overseas to report to the CSRC material events including change of control or voluntary or forced delisting of the issuer; and (6) the CSRC’s authority to fine both issuers and their shareholders between 1 and 10 million RMB for failure to comply with the Trial Measures, including failure to comply with filing obligations or committing fraud and misrepresentation.

PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain. 

We are an offshore holding company conducting all of our business through our subsidiaries and variable interest entities in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated variable interest entities are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises.

The PRC legal system is based on the PRC Constitution and is made up of written laws, regulations, circulars and directives. The PRC government is still in the process of developing its legal system, so as to meet the needs of investors and to encourage foreign investment. As the PRC economy is generally developing at a faster pace than its legal system, some degree of uncertainty exists in connection with whether and how existing laws and regulations will apply to certain events or circumstances.

Some of the laws and regulations, and the interpretation, implementation and enforcement thereof, are still subject to policy changes. There is no assurance that the introduction of new laws, changes to existing laws and the interpretation or application thereof or the delays in obtaining approvals from the relevant authorities will not have an adverse impact on our PRC subsidiaries’ business, financial performance and prospects.

Further, precedents on the interpretation, implementation and enforcement of the PRC laws and regulations are limited, and unlike other common law countries such as the United States, decisions on precedent cases are not binding on lower courts. As such, the outcome of dispute resolutions may not be consistent or predictable as in the other more developed jurisdictions and it may be difficult to obtain swift or equitable enforcement of the laws in the PRC, or obtain enforcement of judgment by a court of another jurisdiction.

As an offshore holding company, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries and the consolidated VIE.

Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries are subject to PRC regulations. For example, loans by us to our subsidiaries in China, which are foreign invested entities (“FIEs”), to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with SAFE. On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated Hui Fa [2015] No.19, a notice regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested company of foreign currency into RMB. The foreign exchange capital, for which the monetary contribution has been confirmed by the foreign exchange authorities (or for which the monetary contribution has been registered for account entry) in the capital account of a foreign-invested enterprise may be settled at a bank as required by the enterprise’s actual management needs. Foreign-invested enterprises with investment as their main business (including foreign-oriented companies, foreign-invested venture capital enterprises and foreign-invested equity investment enterprises) are allowed to, under the premise of authenticity and compliance of their domestic investment projects, carry out based on their actual investment scales direct settlement of foreign exchange capital or transfer the RMB funds in the foreign exchange settlement account for pending payment to the invested enterprises’ accounts.

On May 10, 2013, SAFE released Circular 21, which came into effect on May 13, 2013. According to Circular 21, SAFE has simplified the foreign exchange administration procedures with respect to the registration, account openings and conversions, settlements of FDI-related foreign exchange, as well as fund remittances. Circular 21 may significantly limit our ability to convert, transfer and use the net proceeds from our financing activities and any offering of additional equity securities in China, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in the PRC.

We may also decide to finance our subsidiaries by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be approved by the MOF or its local counterpart, which usually takes no more than 30 working days to complete. We may not be able to obtain these government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such approvals, we will not be able to capitalize our PRC operations, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

In addition, on July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a document to crack down on illegal activities in the securities market and promote the high-quality development of the capital market, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws. Since this document is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on companies like us.

Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure and business operations.

The National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law on March 15, 2019 and the State Council adopted the Regulation on Implementing the Foreign Investment Law (the “Implementation Regulations”) on December 12, 2019, effective from January 1, 2020, to replace the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. However, since it is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation.

For instance, under the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other entities in China. Though it does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance that foreign investment via contractual arrangement would not be interpreted as a type of indirect foreign investment activities under the definition in the future. In addition, the definition contains a catch-all provision which includes investments made by foreign investors through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws and regulations. Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.

We are a holding company and we rely for funding on dividend payments from our variable interest entity, which are subject to restrictions under PRC laws.

We are a holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, and we operate our core businesses through our subsidiaries in the PRC and through our variable interest entity, or VIE. Therefore, the availability of funds for us to pay dividends to our shareholders and to service our indebtedness depends upon dividends received from these PRC subsidiaries and VIE. If our subsidiaries and VIE incur debt or losses, their ability to pay dividends or other distributions to us may be impaired. As a result, our ability to pay dividends and to repay our indebtedness will be restricted. PRC laws require that dividends be paid only out of the after-tax profit of our PRC subsidiaries calculated according to PRC accounting principles, which differ in many aspects from generally accepted accounting principles in other jurisdictions. PRC laws also require enterprises established in the PRC to set aside part of their after-tax profits as statutory reserves. These statutory reserves are not available for distribution as cash dividends. In addition, restrictive covenants in bank credit facilities or other agreements that we or our subsidiaries may enter into in the future may also restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. These restrictions on the availability of our funding may impact our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and to service our indebtedness.

If we exercise the option to acquire equity ownership of Taizhou Suxuantang, the ownership transfer may subject us to certain limitation and substantial costs.

Pursuant to the contractual arrangements, WFOE has the exclusive right to purchase all or any part of the equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang from Taizhou Suxuantang’s shareholders for a nominal price, unless the relevant government authorities or then applicable PRC laws request that a minimum price amount be used as the purchase price, in such case the purchase price shall be the lowest amount under such request. The shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang will be subject to PRC individual income tax on the difference between the equity transfer price and the then current registered capital of Taizhou Suxuantang. Additionally, if such a transfer takes place, the competent tax authority may require WFOE to pay enterprise income tax for ownership transfer income with reference to the market value, in which case the amount of tax could be substantial.

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

Our ordinary shares may be thinly traded and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares.

Our ordinary shares may be “thinly-traded”, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our ordinary shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation may be attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and might be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. Broad or active public trading market for our ordinary shares may not develop or be sustained.

The market price for our ordinary shares may be volatile.

The market price for our Ordinary Shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations due to factors such as:

The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Ordinary Shares. Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company’s securities. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in very substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies.

In April 2012, President Obama signed into law the JOBS Act. We are classified as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) comply with any new requirements adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer, (iii) provide certain disclosure regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies or (iv) hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation. We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if we have more than $1.235 billion of revenues in a fiscal year, have more than $700 million in market value of our Ordinary Shares held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

To the extent that we rely on any of the exemptions available to emerging growth companies, you will receive less information about our executive compensation and internal control over financial reporting than issuers that are not emerging growth companies. If some investors find our Ordinary Shares to be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Ordinary Shares and our stock price may be more volatile.

If we fail to establish and maintain proper internal financial reporting controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we will be required to file a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting, including an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. The presence of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting could result in financial statement errors which, in turn, could lead to errors in our financial reports and/or delays in our financial reporting, which could require us to restate our operating results. We might not identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal controls in connection with evaluating our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, we will need to expend significant resources and provide significant management oversight. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls may require specific compliance training of our directors and employees, entail substantial costs in order to modify our existing accounting systems, take a significant period of time to complete and divert management’s attention from other business concerns. These changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal control.

If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in our operating results, the price of the Ordinary Shares could decline and we may be subject to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions. In addition, if we are unable to meet the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Ordinary Shares may not be able to remain listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to certain U.S. securities law disclosure requirements that apply to a domestic U.S. issuer, which may limit the information publicly available to our shareholders.

As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and therefore there may be less publicly available information about us than if we were a U.S. domestic issuer. For example, we are not subject to the proxy rules in the United States and disclosure with respect to our annual general meetings will be governed by British Virgin Islands requirements. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder. Therefore, our shareholders may not know on a timely basis when our officers, directors and principal shareholders purchase or sell our Ordinary Shares.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the NASDAQ Stock Market corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with corporate governance listing standards.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to take advantage of certain provisions in the NASDAQ Stock Market listing rules that allow us to follow British Virgin Islands law for certain governance matters. Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands may differ significantly from corporate governance listing standards as, except for general fiduciary duties and duties of care, British Virgin Islands law has no corporate governance regime which prescribes specific corporate governance standards. When our Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we intend to continue to follow British Virgin Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of the corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market in respect of the following: (i) the majority independent director requirement under Section 5605(b)(1) of the NASDAQ Stock Market listing rules, (ii) the requirement under Section 5605(d) of the NASDAQ Stock Market listing rules that a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors governed by a compensation committee charter oversee executive compensation, (iii) the requirement under Section 5605(e) of the NASDAQ Stock Market listing rules that director nominees be selected or recommended for selection by either a majority of the independent directors or a nominations committee comprised solely of independent directors and (iv) the requirement under Section 5605(b)(2) of the NASDAQ Stock Market listing rules that our independent directors hold regularly scheduled executive sessions. British Virgin Islands law does not impose a requirement that our board of directors consist of a majority of independent directors. Nor does British Virgin Islands law impose specific requirements on the establishment of a compensation committee or nominating committee or nominating process. Therefore, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would have under corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us on September 30, 2023. We would lose our foreign private issuer status if, for example, more than 50% of our Ordinary Shares are directly or indirectly held by residents of the U.S. and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to maintain our foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status on this date, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms beginning on January 1, 2024, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the NASDAQ Stock Market listing rules. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private issuer, and accounting, reporting and other expenses in order to maintain a listing on a U.S. securities exchange.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the securities exchange on which we list, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Despite recent reforms made possible by the JOBS Act, compliance with these rules and regulations will nonetheless increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs and investor relations and public relations costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results as well as proxy statements.

As a result of disclosure of information in this annual report and in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business, brand and reputation and results of operations.

We also expect that being a public company and these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our Ordinary Shares if we are successfully listed and the market price of our Ordinary Shares increases.

The obligation to disclose information publicly may put us at a disadvantage to competitors that are private companies.

As a public company, we are required to file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the occurrence of matters that are material to our Company and shareholders. Although we may be able to attain confidential treatment of some of our developments, in some cases, we will need to disclose material agreements or results of financial operations that we would not be required to disclose if we were a private company. Our competitors may have access to this information, which would otherwise be confidential. This may give them advantages in competing with our Company. Similarly, as a U.S. public company, we will be governed by U.S. laws that our competitors, which are mostly private Chinese companies, are not required to follow. To the extent compliance with U.S. laws increases our expenses or decreases our competitiveness against such companies, our public Company status could affect our results of operations.

A sale or perceived sale of a substantial number of shares of our Ordinary Shares may cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decline.

An aggregate of 14,138,349 Ordinary Shares are outstanding as of the date of this annual report. If our existing shareholders sell, or indicate an intent to sell, substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could fall. Moreover, the perceived risk of this potential dilution could cause shareholders to attempt to sell their shares and investors to short our ordinary shares, thus depress the market price of our shares. A decline in the price of our Ordinary Shares might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional Ordinary Shares or other equity securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Although the audit report included in this annual report is prepared by an auditor who are currently inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”), there is no guarantee that future audit reports will be prepared by auditors inspected by the PCAOB and, as such, in the future investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Furthermore, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as Nasdaq, may determine to delist our securities. Furthermore, on December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating HFCA Act, which reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.

As an auditor of companies that are registered with the SEC and publicly traded in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, our auditor is required under the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess their compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards.

Although we operate through the VIE and its subsidiaries substantially in mainland China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese government authorities, our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditor’s compliance with the applicable professional standards. Inspections of other auditors conducted by the PCAOB outside mainland China have at times identified deficiencies in those auditors’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in mainland China prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating auditors’ audits and their quality control procedures. As a result, if there is any component of our auditor’s work papers become located in mainland China in the future, such work papers will not be subject to inspection by the PCAOB. As a result, investors would be deprived of such PCAOB inspections, which could result in limitations or restrictions to our access of the U.S. capital markets.

As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular mainland China’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress which, if passed, would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate the audit work performed by a foreign public accounting firm completely. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges such as Nasdaq of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years. It is unclear if this proposed legislation will be enacted. Furthermore, there have been recent deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”), which includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S. authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction. The U.S. House of Representatives passed the HFCA Act on December 2, 2020, and the HFCA Act was signed into law on December 18, 2020. Additionally, in July 2020, the U.S. President’s Working Group on Financial Markets issued recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch, the SEC, the PCAOB or other federal agencies and department with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the United States. In response, on November 23, 2020, the SEC issued guidance highlighting certain risks (and their implications to U.S. investors) associated with investments in China-based issuers and summarizing enhanced disclosures the SEC recommends China-based issuers make regarding such risks. On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year (as defined in the interim final rules) under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.

Under the HFCA Act, our securities may be prohibited from trading on Nasdaq or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our Ordinary Shares being delisted. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “Accelerating HFCA Act”), which, if enacted, would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the Accelerating HFCA Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the Accelerating HFCA Act, whether the Board is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On November 5, 2021, the SEC approved the PCAOB’s Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the PRC, and (2) Hong Kong. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, was signed into law by President Biden. The Consolidated Appropriations Act contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating HFCA Act, which reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two. Our auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, is headquartered in Denver, Colorado, not mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in this report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination. Therefore, our auditor is not currently subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, and it is currently subject to the PCAOB inspections.

While our auditor is based in the U.S. and is registered with the PCAOB and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, in the event it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, then such lack of inspection could cause trading in the our securities to be prohibited under the HFCA Act, and ultimately result in a determination by a securities exchange to delist our securities. In addition, the recent developments would add uncertainties to the listing and trading of our Ordinary Shares and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. It remains unclear what the SEC’s implementation process related to the above rules will entail or what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, the above amendments and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense and management time.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) Agreements with the CSRC and China’s Ministry of Finance (the “MOF”). The SOP Agreement, together with two protocol agreements (collectively, “SOP Agreements”), governs inspections and investigations of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, taking the first step toward opening access for the PCAOB to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the Protocol disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have independent discretion to select any issuer audits for inspection or investigation and has the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB Board will consider the need to issue a new determination. Delisting of our Ordinary Shares would force holders of our Ordinary Shares to sell their Ordinary Shares. The market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of these executive or legislative actions upon, as well as negative investor sentiment towards, companies with significant operations in China that are listed in the United States, regardless of whether these executive or legislative actions are implemented and regardless of our actual operating performance.

Changes in China’s economic, political, or social conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Substantially all of our assets and operations are currently located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic, and social conditions in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange, and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, including the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government, or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, reduce demand for our services, and weaken our competitive position. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustments, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activities in China, which may adversely affect our business and operating results.

The PRC government has significant authority to intervene or influence the China operations of an offshore holding company, such as ours, at any time. The PRC government may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. If the PRC government exerts more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers and we were to be subject to such oversight and control, it may result in a material adverse change to our business operations, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, and cause the ordinary shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

Our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic, and social conditions in China generally. The PRC government has significant authority to intervene or influence the China operations of an offshore holding company at any time, which could result in a material adverse change to our operations and the value of the ordinary shares.

Furthermore, given recent statements by the Chinese government indicating an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas, although we are currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC federal or local government and has not received any denial to list on the U.S. exchange, it is uncertain whether or when we might be required to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future. Even if such permission is obtained, it is uncertain whether it will be later denied or rescinded, which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and result in a material adverse change to our business operations, and damage our reputation, therefore, cause the value of our shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

Recent greater oversight by the CAC over data security, particularly for companies seeking to list on a foreign exchange, could adversely impact our business and our offering.

On December 28, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the “CAC”, together with 12 other governmental departments of the PRC, jointly promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022. The Cybersecurity Review Measures provides that, in addition to critical information infrastructure operators (“CIIOs”) that intend to purchase Internet products and services, data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security must be subject to cybersecurity review by the Cybersecurity Review Office of the PRC. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, a cybersecurity review assesses potential national security risks that may be brought about by any procurement, data processing, or overseas listing. The Cybersecurity Review Measures further requires that CIIOs and data processing operators that possess personal data of at least one million users must apply for a review by the Cybersecurity Review Office of the PRC before conducting listings in foreign countries.

On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Security Administration Draft, which provides that data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security must be subject to network data security review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC. According to the Security Administration Draft, data processing operators who possess personal data of at least one million users or collect data that affects or may affect national security must be subject to network data security review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC. The deadline for public comments on the Security Administration Draft was December 13, 2021.

As of the date of this annual report, we have not received any notice from any authorities identifying our WFOE or the VIE as CIIOs or requiring us to go through cybersecurity review or network data security review by the CAC.   As the Cybersecurity Review Measures became effective and if the Security Administration Draft is enacted as proposed, we believe that the operations of our WFOE and the VIE and our listing will not be affected and that we are not subject to cybersecurity review and network data security review by the CAC, given that: (i) as companies that focuses on the research, development, manufacture, marketing and sales of TCMP, our WFOE and the VIE are unlikely to be classified as CIIOs by the PRC regulatory agencies; (ii) our WFOE and the VIE do not possess personal data of more than one million individual customers in the business operations as of the date of this annual report; and (iii) since our WFOE and the VIE are in the TCMP industry, data processed in our business is unlikely to have a bearing on national security and therefore is unlikely to be classified as core or important data by the authorities. There remains uncertainty, however, as to how the Cybersecurity Review Measures and the Security Administration Draft will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Cybersecurity Review Measures and the Security Administration Draft. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation come into effect, we will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply and to minimize the adverse effect of such laws on us. We cannot guarantee, however, that we will not be subject to cybersecurity review and network data security review in the future. During such reviews, we may be required to suspend our operation or experience other disruptions to our operations. Cybersecurity review and network data security review could also result in negative publicity with respect to our Company and diversion of our managerial and financial resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions, and results of operations.

The Opinions, the Trial Measures, and the revised Provisions recently issued by the PRC authorities may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future.

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the “Opinions,” which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. The Opinions proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems, to deal with the risks and incidents facing China-based overseas-listed companies and the demand for cybersecurity and data privacy protection. The aforementioned policies and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, shall complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the requirements of the Trial Measures within three working days following its submission of initial public offerings or listing application. If a domestic company fails to complete required filing procedures or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines.

According to the CSRC Notice, the domestic companies that have already been listed overseas before the effective date of the Trial Measures (namely, March 31, 2023) shall be deemed as existing issuers (the “Existing Issuers”). Existing Issuers are not required to complete the filing procedures immediately, and they shall be required to file with the CSRC for any subsequent offerings.

Based on the foregoing, we are currently not required to complete the filing procedures and submit the relevant information to the CSRC.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, together with the MOF, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China, revised the Provisions issued by the CSRC and National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China in 2009. The revised Provisions were issued under the title the “Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies,” and came into effect on March 31, 2023 together with the Trial Measures. One of the major revisions to the revised Provisions is expanding their application to cover indirect overseas offering and listing, as is consistent with the Trial Measures. The revised Provisions require that, among other things, (a) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or indirectly through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals or entities, including securities companies, securities service providers, and overseas regulators, any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level; and (b) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or indirectly through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals and entities, including securities companies, securities service providers, and overseas regulators, any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall strictly fulfill relevant procedures stipulated by applicable national regulations. Any failure or perceived failure by our Company, our subsidiaries, or the VIE to comply with the above confidentiality and archives administration requirements under the revised Provisions and other PRC laws and regulations may result in the relevant entities being held legally liable by competent authorities, and referred to the judicial organ to be investigated for criminal liability if suspected of committing a crime.

The Opinions, the Trial Measures, the revised Provisions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future. As there are still uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of such regulatory guidance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with all new regulatory requirements of the Opinions, the Trial Measures, the revised Provisions, or any future implementing rules on a timely basis, or at all.

The uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system, including uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China with little advance notice could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.

There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations governing our business. The laws and regulations are sometimes vague and may be subject to future changes, and their official interpretation and enforcement could be unpredictable, with little advance notice. The effectiveness and interpretation of newly enacted laws or regulations, including amendments to existing laws and regulations, may be delayed, and our business may be affected if we rely on laws and regulations which are subsequently adopted or interpreted in a manner different from our current understanding of these laws and regulations. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business.

The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.

In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past four decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, the PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules may not be uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. These uncertainties may affect our judgment on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our contractual rights or tort claims. In addition, the regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited or frivolous legal actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from us. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

If the PRC government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with PRC regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we may be unable to assert our contractual rights over the assets of the VIE, and our Ordinary Shares may decline in value or become worthless.

Recently, the PRC government adopted a series of regulatory actions and issued statements to regulate business operations in China, including those related to VIE. There are currently no relevant laws or regulations in the PRC that prohibit companies whose entity interests are within the PRC from listing on overseas stock exchanges. The VIE Agreements have not been tested in a court of law in China as of the date of this annual report. Although we believe that our corporate structure and contractual arrangements comply with current applicable PRC laws and regulations, in the event that PRC government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with PRC regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we may be unable to assert our contractual rights over the assets of the VIE, and our Ordinary Shares may decline in value or become worthless.

We may have difficulty in enforcing any rights we may have under the VIE Agreements in PRC.

As all of the VIE Agreements with Taizhou Suxuantang are governed by the PRC laws and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC, they would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could further limit our ability to enforce these VIE Agreements. Furthermore, these VIE Agreements may not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such VIE Agreements contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event we are unable to enforce these VIE Agreements, we may not be able to exert effective control over Taizhou Suxuantang, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially and adversely affected. Our Ordinary Shares may decline in value or become worthless if we are unable to assert your contractual control rights over the assets of the VIE that conduct all or substantially all of our operations

It may be difficult for overseas shareholders and/or regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests. 

Our principal business operation is conducted in the PRC. In the event that the U.S. regulators carry out investigation on us and there is a need to conduct investigation or collect evidence within the territory of the PRC, the U.S. regulators may not be able to carry out such investigation or evidence collection directly in the PRC under the PRC laws. The U.S. regulators may consider cross-border cooperation with securities regulatory authority of the PRC by way of judicial assistance, diplomatic channels or regulatory cooperation mechanism established with the securities regulatory authority of the PRC.

PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investments in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using proceeds from our future financing activities to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries.

As an offshore holding company with PRC subsidiaries, we may transfer funds to our PRC subsidiaries or finance our operating entity by means of loans or capital contributions. Any capital contributions or loans that we, as an offshore entity, make to our Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to PRC regulations. Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries, which are foreign-invested enterprises, cannot exceed statutory limits based on the difference between the amount of our investments and registered capital in such subsidiaries, and shall be registered with China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”), or its local counterparts. Furthermore, any capital increase contributions we make to our PRC subsidiaries, which are foreign-invested enterprises, shall be approved by the MOF, or its local counterparts. We may not be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all. If we fail to obtain such approvals or make such registration, our ability to make equity contributions or provide loans to our Company’s PRC subsidiaries or to fund their operations may be negatively affected, which may adversely affect their liquidity and ability to fund their working capital and expansion projects and meet their obligations and commitments. As a result, our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business may be negatively affected.

Labor disputes could significantly affect our operations.

Labor disputes with our employees or labor disputes regarding social welfare could significantly disrupt operations or expansion plans. Delays caused by any such disruptions could materially affect projections for increased capacity, production and revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRC government continues to exercise significant control over China’s economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host of other government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB and foreign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in China’s significant growth in the past 30 years. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economic growth in China. If the PRC government’s current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRC government’s policies limits the growth of our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate or strategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result.

Labor laws in the PRC may adversely affect our results of operations.

On December 28, 2012, the PRC government released the revision of the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, which became effective on July 1, 2013. The Labor Contract Law imposes greater liabilities on employers and significantly affects the cost of an employer’s decision to reduce its workforce. Further, it requires certain terminations be based upon seniority and not merit. In the event we decide to significantly change or decrease our workforce, the Labor Contract Law could adversely affect our ability to enact such changes in a manner that is most advantageous to our business or in a timely and cost-effective manner, thus materially and adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.

Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “Resident Enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC stockholders.

China passed the Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the EIT Law, and it is implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as “substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise.

On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation of China issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment Controlled Enterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises pursuant to Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interpreting the application of the EIT Law and its implementation to offshore entities controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshore jurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a “non-domestically incorporated resident enterprise” if (i) its senior management in charge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China; (iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate stamps, board and stockholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) all of its directors with voting rights or senior management reside in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwide income and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10% when paying dividends to its non-PRC stockholders. Because substantially all of our operations and senior management are located within the PRC and are expected to remain so for the foreseeable future, we may be considered a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes and therefore subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide income. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice is applicable to an offshore enterprise controlled by a Chinese natural person. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.

If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as non-China source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Currently, we do not have any non-China source income, as we conduct our sales, including export sales, in China. Second, under the EIT Law and its implementing rules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would be deemed as “qualified investment income between resident enterprises” and therefore qualify as “tax-exempt income” pursuant to the clause 26 of the EIT Law. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which the dividends we pay with respect to our Ordinary Shares, or the gain our non-PRC stockholders may realize from the transfer of our Ordinary Shares, may be treated as PRC-sourced income and may therefore be subject to a 10% PRC withholding tax. The EIT Law and its implementing regulations are, however, relatively new and ambiguities exist with respect to the interpretation and identification of PRC-sourced income, and the application and assessment of withholding taxes. If we are required under the EIT Law and its implementing regulations to withhold PRC income tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC stockholders, or if non-PRC stockholders are required to pay PRC income tax on gains on the transfer of their shares of Ordinary Shares, our business could be negatively impacted and the value of your investment may be materially reduced. Further, if we were treated as a “resident enterprise” by PRC tax authorities, we would be subject to taxation in both China and such countries in which we have taxable income, and our PRC tax may not be creditable against such other taxes.

We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anti-corruption law.

In connection with our initial public offering, we became subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We are also subject to Chinese anti-corruption laws, which strictly prohibit the payment of bribes to government officials. We have operations, agreements with third parties, and make sales in China, which may experience corruption. Our activities in China create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of the employees, consultants or distributors of our Company, because these parties are not always subject to our control.

Although we believe to date we have complied in all material respects with the provisions of the FCPA and Chinese anti-corruption law, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants or distributors of our Company may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anti-corruption law may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the government may seek to hold our Company liable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire.

Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our security-holders.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected if any of our PRC subsidiaries declare bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the PRC, or the Bankruptcy Law, came into effect on June 1, 2007. The Bankruptcy Law provides that an enterprise will be liquidated if the enterprise fails to settle its debts as and when they fall due and if the enterprise’s assets are, or are demonstrably, insufficient to clear such debts.

Our PRC subsidiaries hold certain assets that are important to our business operations. If any of our PRC subsidiaries undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

According to SAFE’s Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies for Direct Investment, effective on 17 December 2012, and the Provisions for Administration of Foreign Exchange Relating to Inbound Direct Investment by Foreign Investors, effective May 13, 2013, if any of our PRC subsidiaries undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, prior approval from SAFE for remittance of foreign exchange to our shareholders abroad is no longer required, but we still need to conduct a registration process with the SAFE local branch. It is not clear whether “registration” is a mere formality or involves the kind of substantive review process undertaken by SAFE and its relevant branches in the past.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.

Changes in the value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar, Euro and other foreign currencies are affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial condition, and the value of, and any dividends payable on our shares in U.S. dollar terms. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our initial public offering and/or other future financing activities into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of paying dividends on our shares of Ordinary Shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, fluctuations of the RMB against other currencies may increase or decrease the cost of imports and exports, and thus affect the price-competitiveness of our products against products of foreign manufacturers or products relying on foreign inputs.

Since July 2005, the RMB is no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significant short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, it is possible that in the future PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.

If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, and our reputation and could result in a loss of your investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably.

Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies has sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on our business. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend the Company. This situation may be a major distraction to our management. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, our Company and business operations will be severely hampered and your investment in our stock could be rendered worthless.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests and exercising your rights as a stockholder since we conduct substantially all of our operations in China, and almost all of our officers and directors reside outside the U.S.

Although we are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China. All of our current officers and almost all of our directors reside outside the U.S. and substantially all of the assets of those persons are located outside of the U.S. It may be difficult for you to conduct due diligence on the Company or such directors in your election of the directors and attend shareholders meeting if the meeting is held in China. We plan to have one shareholder meeting each year at a location to be determined, potentially in China. As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation doing business entirely or predominantly within the U.S.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in this annual report based on foreign laws.

We are a company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China, and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all of our executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time and are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for our shareholders to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside China. In addition, China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the British Islands and many other countries and regions. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.

Shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including securities law class actions and fraud claims, generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. Although the local authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States have not been efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. According to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without the consent of the competent PRC securities regulators and relevant authorities, no organization or individual may provide the documents and materials relating to securities business activities to overseas parties.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

We were incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on July 4, 2017. Our wholly owned subsidiary SXT HK was incorporated in Hong Kong on July 21, 2017. SXT HK in turn holds all the capital stocks of WFOE, a wholly foreign owned enterprise incorporated in China on October 13, 2017. WFOE, shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang and Taizhou Suxuantang entered into a series of contractual arrangements, also known as VIE Agreements, on October 13, 2017. Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, WFOE is regarded as the primary beneficiary of Taizhou Suxuantang and we are able to consolidate the financial statements of Taizhou Suxuantang in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See “—C. Organizational Structure Chart—Contractual Agreements between WFOE and Taizhou Suxuantang.”

Pursuant to PRC laws, each entity formed under PRC law shall have certain business scope approved by the Administration of Industry and Commerce or its local counterpart. As such, WFOE’s business scope is to primarily engage in technology development, provision of technology service, technology consulting; development of computer software and hardware, computer network technology, game software; provision of enterprise management and related consulting service, human resource consulting service and intellectual property consulting service. Since the sole business of WFOE is to provide Taizhou Suxuantang with technical support, consulting services and other management services relating to its day-to-day business operations and management in exchange for a service fee approximately equal to the net income of Taizhou Suxuantang, such business scope is necessary and appropriate under PRC laws.

China SXT Pharmaceutical is a holding company with no business operation other than holding the shares in SXT HK; SXT HK is a pass-through entity with no business operation. WFOE is exclusively engaged in the business of managing the operation of Taizhou Suxuantang. Taizhou Suxuantang has become principally engaged in offering Advanced TCMP products since March, 2015. Before 2015, Taizhou Suxuantang specialized in manufacturing and selling Regular and Fine TCMP products.

On January 3, 2019, our Ordinary Shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol of “SXTC.”

Our principal executive offices are located at 178 Taidong Rd North, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PRC, and our phone number is +86-523-8629-8290. We maintain a corporate website at www.sxtchina.com. The information contained in, or accessible from, our website or any other website does not constitute a part of this annual report.

B. Business Overview

We are an offshore holding company conducting all of our business through our subsidiaries and variable interest entity, Taizhou Suxuantang in China. Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share in Taizhou Suxuantang. Instead, WFOE, Taizhou Suxuantang and its shareholders entered into a series of contractual arrangements, also known as VIE Agreements, pursuant to which, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of Taizhou Suxuantang for accounting purpose, and, therefore, we are able to consolidate the financial results of Taizhou Suxuantang in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries and variable interest entities are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Because of our corporate structure, we are subject to risks due to uncertainty of the interpretation and the application of the PRC laws and regulations, including but not limited to limitation on foreign ownership of internet technology companies, and regulatory review of oversea listing of PRC companies through a special purpose vehicle, and the validity and enforcement of the VIE Agreements because they have not been tested in a court of law. We are also subject to the risks of uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government in this regard. The VIE Agreements may not be effective in providing control over our variable interest entities. We may also subject to sanctions imposed by PRC regulatory agencies including Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission if we fail to comply with their rules and regulations.

Through our subsidiaries and variable interest entities in China, we are an innovative pharmaceutical company based in China that focuses on the research, development, manufacture, marketing and sales of TCMP. TCMP is a type of Chinese Traditional Medicine (“TCM”) products that has been widely accepted by Chinese people for thousands of years. Throughout the decades of years, TCMP products’ origin, identification, prepared process, quality standard, indication, dosage and administration, precautions, and storage have been well documented, listed and specified in “China Pharmacopoeia” a state-governmental issued guidance on manufacturing TCMP. In recent years, TCMP industry enjoyed more rapid growth than any other segments of the pharmaceutical industry primarily due to the favorable government policies for the TCMP industry. Because of the favorable government policies, TCMP products do not have to go through rigorous clinical trials before commercialization. We currently sell three types of TCMP products: Advanced TCMP, Fine TCMP and Regular TCMP. Although all of our TCMP products are generic TCMP drugs and we did not change the medical effects of these products in any significant way, these products are innovative in terms of their unconventional administration. The complexity of the manufacturing process is what differentiates these types of products. Advanced TCMP typically has the highest quality because it requires specialized equipment and prepared processes to manufacture, and has to go through more manufacturing steps to produce than Fine TCMP and Regular TCMP. Fine TCMP is also manufactured with more refined ingredients than Regular TCMP.

As of the date of this annual report, we have developed and introduced a diverse range of products, which include 17 Advanced TCMPs that have been produced and marketed, 5 Fine TCMPs, 87 Regular TCMPs, 4 TCMHS solid beverages, and 26 raw medicinal materials. Advanced TCMP has gradually become our principal product due to its quality and greater market potential. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, Advanced TCMP accounted for 33.3% of the total revenue, whereas Fine TCMP and Regular TCMP contributed 5.8% and 35.4% of the total revenue, respectively. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Advanced TCMP brought in 44.7% of the total revenue, whereas Fine TCMP and Regular TCMP each brought in 15.4% and 30.5% of the total revenue respectively. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, Advanced TCMP brought in 37.1% of the total revenue, whereas Fine TCMP and Regular TCMP each brought in 12.1% and 30.4% of the total revenue respectively. Our Advanced TCMP includes 17 products, which can be further divided into 7 Directly-Oral-TCMP products, and 10 After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP products. Directly-Oral-TCMP, as the name suggests, has the advantage of being taken orally. After-Soak-Oral TCMP comes as a small, porous, sealed bag that can be immersed in boiling water to make an infusion. Our major Directly-Oral-TCMP are SanQiFen, CuYanHuSuo, XiaTianWu and LuXueJing; our major After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP are ChenXiang, SuMu, ChaoSuanZaoRen, and JiangXiang. For each principal product’s indications and year of commercialization, see “—Our Products.”

Taizhou Suxuantang, the VIE entity, was founded in 2005. Our net revenues decreased from $2,602,281 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 to $1,971,679 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, representing a decrease of 24%. Our net loss increased from $5,736,095 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 to $5,934,772 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, representing a slight increase of 3% of net loss during this period. Our net revenues decreased from $4,777,573 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 to $2,602,281 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of 46%. Our net loss increased from $2,748,183 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 to $5,736,095 in fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of 109% during this period.

As of the date of this annual report, we own 12 Chinese registered trademarks related to our brand “Suxuantang.” In the near future, we plan to increase our efforts in cooperation with universities, research institutes, and R&D agents on joint R&D projects involving TCMP processing methods and quality standard, as well as the training of our researchers. 

We have been focusing on the research and development of new Advanced TCMP products. As of the date of this annual report, there are four  invention patent applications that have been submitted to the State Intellectual Property Office of PRC and are under the substantive examination stages.

Our major customers are hospitals, especially TCM hospitals, primarily in the Jiangsu province in China. Another substantial part of our sales is made to pharmaceutical distributors, which then sell our products to hospitals and other healthcare distributors. As of March 31, 2023, our end-customer base includes 57 pharmaceutical companies, 14 chain pharmacies and 16 hospitals in 10 provinces and municipalities in China including Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Anhui, Henan, Liaoning, and Fujian.

Permissions or Approval Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations and Listing

In order to operate our business activities currently conducted in China, our WFOE and the VIE are required to obtain a business license from the State Administration for Market Regulation (the “SAMR”). As of the date of this annual report, our WFOE and the VIE have obtained all the permissions which are required to obtain for their operations. Each of our WFOE and the VIE has obtained a valid business license from the SAMR, and no application for any such license has been denied.  

In China, the production of TCMP must comply with the “Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC (2019 Revision)”, “GMP for drugs”, and “Good Supply Practice (“GSP”) for drugs”. Companies manufacturing and selling TCMP products must have the License: “Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit” and “TCM an approval throughout GMP compliance-inspection”. TCMP production companies that met both of the License Requirements within the scope of production and approval throughout GMP compliance-inspection will not be required to obtain National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”, in lieu of CFDA effective on December 1, 2019) or local MPA approval before manufacturing their TCMP products and TCMP products are categorically exempted from being tested clinically because the effect of TCMP products are impossible to be tested clinically. As a result, TCMP products do not have the NMPA approval registration number, which is typically found in western medicine products. For more details, please see “—Regulations.”

TCMP also needs to follow national drug reference standard codified in Pharmacopoeia of the PRC (“Guidance”). The Guidance supplies critical information to TCMP manufacturers regarding origin of ingredients, description, identification, processing, assay, property and flavor, meridian tropism, actions, indications, administration and dosage, precautions and warnings and storage. For more details, please see “—Regulations.”

The VIE has obtained certificates, permits, and licenses required for the operation of a pharmaceutical enterprise and the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products in the PRC. We cannot assure you that the VIE can maintain all required licenses, permits and pass the GMP compliance-inspection to carry on its business at all times, and in the past from time to time it may have not been in compliance with all such required licenses, permits and pass the GMP compliance-inspection. For more details, please see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors— Risks Related to Our Business—Our business requires a number of permits and licenses.”

We are currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC authorities for the listing or trading of Ordinary Shares in foreign stock exchanges. In addition, we, our subsidiaries, and the VIE are not required to obtain permission or approval relating to our Ordinary Shares from the PRC authorities, including the CSRC or CAC, for our subsidiaries or the VIE’s operations. Recently, however, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions, which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems, will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, cybersecurity, data privacy protection requirements, and similar matters. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to compliance requirements in the future. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, shall complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the requirements of the Trial Measures within three working days following its submission of initial public offerings or listing application. If a domestic company fails to complete required filing procedures or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines.

According to the Notice on the Administrative Arrangements for the Filing of the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies from the CSRC, or “the CSRC Notice,” the domestic companies that have already been listed overseas before the effective date of the Trial Measures (namely, March 31, 2023) shall be deemed as Existing Issuers. Existing Issuers are not required to complete the filing procedures immediately, and they shall be required to file with the CSRC for any subsequent offerings.

Based on the foregoing, we are currently not required to complete the filing procedures and submit the relevant information to the CSRC.

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, together with the MOF, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China, revised the Provisions issued by the CSRC and National Administration of State Secrets Protection and National Archives Administration of China in 2009. The revised Provisions were issued under the title the “Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies,” and came into effect on March 31, 2023 together with the Trial Measures. One of the major revisions to the revised Provisions is expanding their application to cover indirect overseas offering and listing, as is consistent with the Trial Measures. The revised Provisions require that, among other things, (a) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or indirectly through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals or entities, including securities companies, securities service providers, and overseas regulators, any documents and materials that contain state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level; and (b) a domestic company that plans to, either directly or indirectly through its overseas listed entity, publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals and entities, including securities companies, securities service providers, and overseas regulators, any other documents and materials that, if leaked, will be detrimental to national security or public interest, shall strictly fulfil relevant procedures stipulated by applicable national regulations. Any failure or perceived failure by our Company, our subsidiaries, or the VIE to comply with the above confidentiality and archives administration requirements under the revised Provisions and other PRC laws and regulations may result in the relevant entities being held legally liable by competent authorities, and referred to the judicial organ to be investigated for criminal liability if suspected of committing a crime.

As there are still uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of such regulatory guidance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with new regulatory requirements relating to our future overseas capital-raising activities and we may become subject to more stringent requirements with respect to matters such as cross-border investigation, data privacy, and enforcement of legal claims. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The Opinions, the Trial Measures, and the revised Provisions recently issued by the PRC authorities may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future.” Other than the foregoing, as of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any PRC laws or regulations in effect requiring that we obtain permission from any PRC authorities to issue securities to foreign investors, and we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanction, or any regulatory objection to the listing and trading of our Ordinary Shares from the CSRC, the CAC, or any other PRC authorities that have jurisdiction over our operations.

Transfers Between Our Company, Our Subsidiaries, and the VIE

As of the date of this annual report, our Company, SXT HK, WFOE, and the VIE have not distributed any earnings or settled any amounts owed under the VIE Agreements. Our Company, SXT HK, WFOE, and the VIE do not have any plan to distribute earnings or settle amounts owed under the VIE Agreements in the foreseeable future.

Our management is directly supervising cash management. Our finance department is responsible for establishing the cash management policies and procedures among our departments and the operating entities. Each department or operating entity initiates a cash request by putting forward a cash demand plan, which explains the specific amount and timing of cash requested, and submitting it to designated management members of our Company, based on the amount and the use of cash requested. The designated management member examines and approves the allocation of cash based on the sources of cash and the priorities of the needs, and submit it to the cashier specialists of our finance department for a second review. Other than the above, we currently do not have other cash management policies or procedures that dictate how funds are transferred nor a written policy that addresses how we will handle any limitations on cash transfers due to PRC law.

During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, cash transfers and transfers of other assets between our Company, SXT HK, WFOE, and the VIE were as follows:

Dividends or Distributions Made to our Company and U.S. Investors and Tax Consequences

As of the date of this annual report, none of our subsidiaries or the VIE have made any dividends or distributions to our Company and our Company has not made any dividends or distributions to our shareholders.   We intend to keep any future earnings to finance the expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. Subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules, the gross amount of distributions we make to investors with respect to our Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will be taxable as a dividend, to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles.

Subject to the BVI Act and our M&A, our directors may, by resolution, declare dividends at a time and amount as they think fit if they are satisfied, based on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after distribution of the dividend, the value of our assets will exceed our liabilities and we will be able to pay our debts as they fall due.

If we determine to pay dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will depend on receipt of funds from our WFOE and from the VIE to our WFOE in accordance with the VIE Agreements. Pursuant to the EIT Law and its implementation rules, any dividends paid by WFOE to SXT HK will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%. However, if SXT HK is determined by the relevant PRC tax authority to have satisfied the relevant conditions and requirements under the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the “Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement,” and other applicable laws, the 10% withholding tax on the dividends SXT HK receives from WFOE may be reduced to 5%.

Current PRC regulations permit WFOE, our indirect subsidiary, to pay dividends to SXT HK only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our WFOE is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in the PRC is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries and the VIE in China incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If we or our subsidiaries are unable to receive all of the revenue from our operations, we may be unable to pay dividends on our Ordinary Shares.

Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments, and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies, without prior approval of SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations in PRC may be used to pay dividends to our Company. As of the date of this annual report, our WFOE has conducted the foreign exchange registration related to our Company under the existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, which enables our PRC subsidiary to legally distribute their earnings to our Company.

Our Company’s ability to settle amounts owed under the VIE Agreements relies upon payments made from Taizhou Suxuantang to WFOE in accordance with the VIE Agreements. For services rendered to Taizhou Suxuantang by WFOE under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, WFOE is entitled to collect a service fee approximately equal to the net income of Taizhou Suxuantang. Pursuant to the Exclusive Option Agreement, WFOE may at any time and under any circumstances, or have its designee, purchase, at its discretion, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of the shareholders’ equity interest in Taizhou Suxuantang.

Our Products   

We currently sell five types of TCMP products: Advanced TCMP, Fine TCMP, Regular TCMP, TCMHS Solid Beverages, and raw medicinal materials.

Advanced TCMP

Advanced TCMP typically has the highest quality because it requires specialized equipment to manufacture and has to go through more manufacturing steps to produce than Fine TCMP and Regular TCMP. Although Advanced TCMP has the same medicinal effects as Fine and Regular TCMP and cannot be considered a new type of medicine, Advanced TCMP is much easier to be taken since it does not require decoction. We have two types of Advanced TCMP depending on the way it is consumed, Directly-Oral-TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP products.

Directly-Oral-TCMP

Directly-Oral-TCMP is a novel Advanced TCMP recently cataloged on Pharmaceutical GMP (version 2010) and China Pharmacopoeia (version 2020) Parts I and IV. The products, unlike Regular TCMP, can be taken orally without decocting. Following the principle of Directly-Oral-TCMP, we have established a new scientific and technological strategy and methods for the research and development of the direct-oral pharmaceutical TCMP products. Our products comply with the regulations of the NMPA and provincial MPA, as well as keep the principles of TCM. Our R&D results indicated that the Directly-Oral-TCMP products, in contrast to Regular TCMPs, have significant advantages in terms of preserving the quality of the TCM original ingredients, and being safer and easier to use.

After-Soaking-Oral TCMP

After-Soaking-Oral TCMP is another new type of Advanced TCMP, which can be taken after soaking with hot water without decocting. It is defined on China Pharmacopoeia (version 2020) Parts I and IV. Like the Directly-Oral-TCMP, we also have built a new scientific and technological strategy and methods for the R&D of the after-soaking orally pharmaceutical TCMP products. The products comply with the regulations of the NMPA and local MPA, as well as retain the principles of TCM. Like Directly-Oral-TCMP, our After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP provide the special features of being non-decocting, such as keeping NMPA-recognized TCM theoretic fundamental principles, preserving the quality of TCM original ingredients, increasing aqueous extracts to improve bioavailability for bioactive constitutes, and being easy to use and store.

Fine TCMP

We currently produce 5 Fine TCMP products for drug stores and hospitals. Our Fine TCMP products are manufactured manually from only high-quality authentic ingredients derived from their region of origin.

Regular TCMP

We currently manufacture almost 87   Regular TCMP products listed on China Pharmacopoeia (version 2020) Parts I and IV for hospitals and drug stores for the treatment of various diseases or serving as dietary supplements.

TCMHS Solid Beverages

We developed and commercially launched four solid beverage products in April 2019, as part of the Company’s TCM Homologous Supplements (“TCMHS”) products, a classification of health-supporting food used traditionally in China as TCM but which are also consumed as food. The solid beverages are a kind of granules produced through extraction of TCMHS materials.

We currently have a product-developed portfolio of 17 Advanced TCMP products which have been commercialized, 5 Fine TCMP products, 87 Regular TCMP products, and 26 raw medicinal materials   that address a wide variety of diseases and medical indications. All of our products have complied with quality, dosage, safety and efficacy standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and have been granted permits issued by the Jiangsu MPA based on product manufacturing scope described in the Pharmaceutical Product Permit and GMP certification, and most of our products are sold on a prescription basis. The following table summarizes the approved indications for our marketed TCMP and TCMHS products and the year in which each such product was first marketed to our distributors.

We believe we are well-positioned in a steadily growing industry in one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. We currently manufacture a number of advanced TCMP that were among the first to market in the PRC. Instead of requiring consumers that take TCMP to go through the rather complex decoction process before use, our advanced Chinese medicine products can be simply administered orally as tablets, capsules or liquids. We believe this innovative feature of our products has given us a competitive edge in the market. In addition, and unlike chemical entity medicines and Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine (“TCPM”, also known as “中成药” in Chinese) products which can only be sold to GSP-certified pharmaceutical distributors according to latest Guidelines on Perfecting Medicine Procurement of Public Hospitals in China, our TCMP products can also be sold directly to hospitals. We expect to continue to gain additional competitive advantages through the growing pipeline of new TCMP products. Our diverse portfolio of products and our new product pipelines include products for high-incidence and high-mortality conditions in the PRC, such as cardiovascular, central nervous system (“CNS”), infectious, and digestive diseases.

Our Suppliers, Customers and Distributors

We believe we have a well-functioning production and sales network. Our current Chinese medicine product portfolio is comprised of both prescription drugs and supplements. We have 5 major suppliers located in Anhui province in China, one of the largest TCM markets in China, and other major suppliers in provinces such as Anhui, Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan.   We have long-term relationship with these suppliers, who supply raw materials of genuine TCM for our production process.

Our major customers are hospitals, especially TCM hospitals primarily in the Jiangsu and Liaoning provinces in China and pharmaceutical wholesalers. The wholesalers distribute our products to hospitals and other healthcare distributors such as Jiuzhoutong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. As of March 31, 2023, our end-customer base includes 57 pharmaceutical companies, 14 chain pharmacies and 16 hospitals in 10 provinces and municipalities in China including Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Guangdong, Liaoning, Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Hebei.  

We currently have 4 sales offices covering 10 of China’s major provinces/municipalities, including Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Liaoning, Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hebei and Fujian, and over 68 sales   representatives who assist in managing our relationships with our existing distributors and developing future distributors. With relatively less intermediaries involved in distribution and sales compared to many other pharmaceutical companies in China, we are able to keep our selling cost lower than the industry average.

Research and Development

We devote substantial resources to the research and development of new products, which do not require additional approval from regulatory agencies unless the products are TCMPs. We have submitted 8 patent application and 4 invention patent applications with the State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC, all of which are under the substantive examination stage. All of these patents are preparation process patents, which do not involve new products.

Our general R&D strategy was established to use advanced technology to revolutionize TCMP production and continue developing newly advanced and non-decocting TCMP/TCM products capable of meeting the highest quality standard.

The strategy includes a calculated system of studying aqueous extracting ratio and fingerprint or characteristic charts of components, quantization of bioactive compounds, quality control, stability, development of production process of TCMP products, and establishing a higher benchmark for advanced TCMP products in China.

In 2017, our R&D team found that electron beam (“e-beam”) processing could break down certain medicinal plant cells to create additional paths for components in the cells to be extracted into aqueous solution more easily. This processing significantly improved the bioavailability of some TCMP forms (such as pieces). Our research data on our Directly-Oral-TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP indicated the total aqueous component and bioactive compound extracting ratios at 37±1^oC (human body temperature) were increased by 15% through e-beam processing than through regular extraction processing; the finding has been included in our patent application for each product.

Our R&D team has received numerous national awards for its significant contribution in the TCMP field. Recently in the China Scientist Forum, we received three awards on the research and development of Directly-Oral TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral TCMP products: Innovation Award, Outstanding Contribution Award, Best R&D Article Award, and State High-tech Enterprise which further demonstrated that we maintain a national leading position in the research and development of Advanced TCMP.

We built a DNA Exam Laboratory which was approved by Jiangsu province Medical Product Administration (JSMPA) in October of 2019. The Laboratory has been granted to perform research and development (R&D) and quality control of TCM raw materials and TCMP products applying DNA testing technology.

We believe our R&D team holds a leading position in the R&D field of Advanced TCMP products based on our market analysis of our [19] Advanced TCMP. We will continue to sharpen our advantages and expect to develop new Advanced TCMP products in the foreseeable future.

Under the administration and regulation of the NMPA, a new TCMP product is subject to GMP requirements to comply with corresponding standards of Chinese Pharmacopeia (Version 2020) Parts I and Part IV before it can be sold commercially without clinic trails and any additional approval from the NMPA. As of the date of this annual report, we have developed 7 Directly-Oral-TCMP and 10 After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP products which   are commercially marketed all of those to pharmaceutical distributors/hospitals.

In December 2018, we reconstructed and assembled an 850-square-meter facility and received a “Food Manufacturing Certificate” issued by the local Food and Drug Administration, which granted the Company permission to produce TCMHS (TCM Homologous Supplements). The scope of production includes “substitute teas,” made of TCMHS plants, and “solid beverage” a kind of granule produced through extraction of TCMHS materials.

We extended our production facility for lyophilization processing, also known as freeze drying, and received a new Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit with a new production scope of lyphilization processing from Jiangsu Province MPA on June 1, 2021. This lypohilization processing allows us to utilize the lyophilization technology for production of our products, especially Directly-Oral-TCMPs and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMPs, which contain temperature-sensitive components.

The lyophilization process is freezing materials or products and then removing the frozen water by sublimation (so ice turns directly into vapor leaving out the liquid phase). After going through the lyophilization process, materials or products become e loose and fragile, as a result, remarkably improving their aqueous solubility. Also, this process can make materials or products dryer, which can extend our products’ shelf life. More importantly, it can keep the original ingredients materials or products under frozen-drying condition. Our Directly-Oral-TCMP, Luxuejing, which is made from fresh bloods of Cuerus nippon can enjoy such advantages provided by lyophilization process and have better quality.

As of the date of this annual report, we have successfully developed four solid beverage products.

Intellectual Property

We emphasize the protection of intellectual property and have signed agreements with patent agents to assist us to file patent applications. We also have signed confidentiality agreements with every employee we have to protect our production design. We will submit an application for every technology, production design and research results to the Chinese national intellectual property department to get protection for our intellectual property. The beneficiary of all of our patent applications is “Taizhou Suxuantang”

Each patent application we have submitted is an invention patent in which we are seeking patent protection of our prepared process. Under the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revised), the validity period of patent rights for an invention shall be 20 years, which shall commence from the date of application. We have submitted the following 8 patent applications:

We submitted four additional invention patent applications as follows:  

Environmental Matters

We comply with the Environmental Protection Law of China as well as applicable local regulations. In addition to statutory and regulatory compliance, we actively ensure the environmental sustainability of our operations. Penalties may be levied upon us if we fail to adhere to and maintain certain standards. Such failure has not occurred in the past, and we generally do not anticipate that it will occur in the future, but no assurance can be given in this regard.

Manufacturing

Regularly, raw materials used in the production of TCMP, primarily medicinal plants, first go through a purifying process, during which raw materials are selected, cut, rinsed and dried. Processed raw materials then go through a series of extraction processes that involve mixing with solvents, soaking, stewing, drying and grinding. Materials extracted from the plants are then processed into various dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, syrups, tinctures and granules. In the past, many steps in the manufacturing of TCMP were performed manually, with limited assistance from modern production equipment, which resulted in a lack of quality and dosage consistency; such manual processing also resulted in lengthy production cycles. We refined the traditional labor intensive manufacturing process to employ modern technology and production equipment to help us improve the quality of our products and to increase manufacturing yield. We use two unique manufacturing methods:

E-beam processing or electron irradiation is a process that involves using beta radiation, usually of high energy, to treat an object for a variety of purposes. E-beam processing has the ability to break the chains of DNA in living organisms, such as bacteria, resulting in microbial death and rendering the space they inhabit sterile. E-beam processing has been used for the sterilization of medical products and aseptic packaging materials for foods as well as disinfestation, the elimination of live insects from grain, tobacco, and other unprocessed bulk crops.

Sterilization with electrons has significant advantages over current methods of sterilization. The process is quick, reliable, and compatible with most materials, and does not require any quarantine following the processing. For some materials and products that are sensitive to oxidative effects, radiation tolerance levels for electron beam irradiation may be slightly higher than for gamma exposure. This is due to the higher dose rates and shorter exposure times of e-beam irradiation that have been shown to reduce the degradative effects of oxygen.

Our research results on the sterilization of TCMP products revealed that certain high energy e-beam processing is a quick, efficient, reliable, non-degradable, and compatible sterilization method for most advanced TCMP products. Combining with the guideline on TCM irradiation sterilization released by NMPA on November 11, 2015, we use the e-beam processing for the sterilization of Directly-Oral TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral TCMP products. The e-beam processing is carried out at a certified and contracted company in Taizhou city of Jiangsu province in the PRC under our closed supervision. The technical method applied for the sterilization has been in our patent application for each product.

We also apply the dust sucking thermostatic pulverizing technique for the pulverization of various materials such as roots, barks, fruits, seeds, and leafs to produce the Fine and Advanced TCMP products. This technique allows raw materials to go through multiple filters and cleaning mechanisms to remove impurities.

Quality Control and Assurance

In China, each pharmaceutical manufacturer was required to comply with the GMP standards and to obtain Pharmaceutical Product Manufacturing Permits and GMP Certification granted by the NMPA of the PRC before it engages in any pharmaceutical manufacturing and distribution. GMP standards regulate whole processes and procedures in generating pharmaceutical products to ensure the quality in China. Those include strict Quality Control (“QC”) and Quality Assurance (“QA”).

China National People’s Congress promulgated a new Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC, and was effective as of December 1, 2019. NMPA is the new agency that replaced CFDA. The pharmaceutical GMP compliance-inspection replaced the “Pharmaceutical Certificate”. As a result, pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to obtain a “Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit” and pass pharmaceutical GMP compliance-inspection

Besides the strict pharmaceutical GMP requirements, TCMP manufacturers also need to obtain pharmaceutical product manufacturing permit specifically tailored to manufacturing of TCMP products.

We are GMP requirements-certified and have obtained a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing permit with the product manufacturing scopes covering all including specific types of TCMP. We have well-qualified and trained professional employees for manufacturing and quality control procedures. Our quality control starts with procurement and continues in our manufacturing, packaging, storage capabilities, and cost competitiveness to ensure that all of our products meet the requirements and are still profitable.

Certificates and Permits

A pharmaceutical manufacturer, including a TCMP manufacturer, must obtain a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit from the NMPA’s relevant provincial branch. This permit is valid for five years and is renewable for an additional five-year period upon its expiration. Our current Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit, issued by the NMPA, will expire on December 17, 2025. Generally, we will file a renewal request 3 months before the expiration date. 

Good Manufacturing Practice. A pharmaceutical manufacturer must meet the GMP requirements and standards for each of its production facilities in China for each form of pharmaceutical product it produces. GMP requirements and standards include staff qualifications, production premises and facilities, equipment, raw materials, environmental hygiene, production management, quality control and customer complaint administration. If a manufacturer fails to meet the GMP requirements and standards in the NMPA non-scheduled compliance-inspection, it may be suspended the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit by the NMPA. 

A new GMP Certificate for our manufacturing facility had been issued and is effective from August 5, 2019 to August 4, 2024, before the new Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC was in effeteness as of December 1, 2019. Beside regular TCMP, fine TCMP, and Directly-oral TCMP, the high-Energy Electron Beam Sterilization Method utilized currently for our advanced TCMP products, and classification of After-Soaking-Oral TCMP had been also certified in the scope of production processing.

Competition

We compete with other top-tier pharmaceutical companies specialized in manufacturing TCM in China. Many of them entered into TCMP markets earlier than us, thus they are more established than we are and have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we presently possess. Some of our product competitors have greater name recognition and a larger customer base. Those competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new opportunities or market changes or customer requirements, and may be able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to distributors, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. Some of our competitors have also developed similar TCMP products that compete with ours.

Numerous competitors nationwide, including Kangmei, CTCM and Xiangxue, participate in the sale of Chinese medicinal herbs and TCMPs; among them are some high-profile and large-scale companies along with some companies that have huge production and storage capacity to influence the market price. Despite that, we believe we are well-positioned to compete in this fast-developing market with our well recognized Suxuangtang brand, diversified product portfolio, proven research and development and in-licensing capabilities, established sales and marketing network, management experience and favorable cost structure.

Our Competitive Advantages

We believe our principal competitive strengths are as follows:

Recognized Brand Name

“Suxuangtang” (苏轩堂), which has over 270 years of history, is a well-known TCM brand in China, especially in Eastern China. Because of its brand recognition, Suxuantang has received numerous awards from the local government such as the Jiangsu Taizhou Famous Product Award and Well-known Brand Trademark granted by the government of Taizhou city. To some, Suxuangtang is more than just a TCM brand; it is a symbol of tradition and culture, which Chinese customers value deeply. Suxuangtang is also widely recognized by the industry as one of the three most famous TCM brands; the other two are “Hui Chun Tang” (回春堂) and “Tong Ren Tang” (同仁堂). Suxuangtang is a household brand in Jiangsu province, having originated there and being well recognized in provinces nearby, such as Hubei, Shandong, Anhui, where our products have been widely used and their curative effects proven. Our Fine and Regular TCMP products have been in pharmaceutical markets such as hospitals and drug stores for decades, and received steady and consistent positive feedbacks from our customers. As a result, we believe the curative effects of our products have been firmly demonstrated. 

Ready to Use TCMPs

Unlike most TCMPs in the market that have to be prepared as decoction before use, our innovative Directly-Oral-TCMPs and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMPs can be easily dissolved or infused in hot water without requiring lengthy preparation. This feature sets us apart from our peers and makes our products more appealing to our customers.

Complete Permits to Produce Advanced TCMP Products

We have the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit and pharmaceutical GMP Certificates, both the Permit and the Certificate with the scope of Directly-Oral-TCMP authorized by Jiangsu provincial MPA, to produce After-Soaking-Oral-TCMPs, Directly-Oral-TCMPs, Fine TCMPs and Regular TCMPs and there is no need to apply for additional permits from Jiangsu Food and Drug Commission in order to manufacture or sell our products. In China, TCMP companies are treated differently from other pharmaceutical companies manufacturing western drugs and TCPM. Both western drugs and TCPM are required to go through clinical trials and obtain clinical trial approval, whereas TCMP products have no such requirement. Once a TCM company obtains the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit and GMP Certificate, it can begin manufacturing its products immediately. Currently, very few TCM companies in China have both the permit and the certificate with the scope required to produce TCMP, and Directly-Oral and After-Soaking-Oral products.

Strong Research and Development Capability

We believe that our research and development capabilities allow us to create innovative TCMP that fulfill our customers’ needs. Although all of our TCMP products are generic TCMP drugs and, these products are innovative in terms of their conventional administration. Our advance TCMPs come in the form of powders or sachets, which make oral administration easier for our customers. This improvement is significant because otherwise TCMP have to be prepared through decoction before use, which has proven to be both inconvenient and overly complex for customers. Our research and development team has demonstrated its success in use of the sophisticated research strategies and modern technologies to develop TCMP products with innovative features that lend us an edge over our major competitors. We have established a strong research and development team of 15 dedicated researchers as of March 31, 2023. Our R&D Team has successfully developed multiple modernized TCMPs, many of which have already been directly commercialized with our Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit, the Pharmaceutical GMP requirements and standards, and China Pharmacopoeia without the need for additional approvals or registrations by the regulatory authorities.

Experienced and accomplished leadership team with a proven track record.

We have an experienced management team. Almost all of our members, except our CEO Mr. Feng Zhou, whose expertise is procurement, possess more than 10 years of pharmaceutical and related industry experience. We believe that our leadership team is well positioned to lead us through clinical development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates. Collectively, our management team has extensive experience in the research and development, manufacture, commercialization, and in-licensing and acquisition of companies in China’s TCM industry. Experienced in managing fast-growing enterprises, our entrepreneurial management team takes the initiative to adapt our business strategies to market, industry and therapeutic trends. Our management team has successfully established a deep product pipeline, and built an integrated research and development, production, and sales and marketing infrastructure. Our success in existing product development and branding reflects the significant experience that members of our management team have in their respective fields of expertise and their in-depth knowledge of the regulatory framework in China.

Our Growth Strength

The key elements of our strategy to grow our business include:

Promoting Our Existing Brands to Increase Our National Recognition. Although “Suxuantang” is a brand (“苏轩堂”) with a solid reputation in Eastern China, particularly Jiangsu Province, our national reach is relatively limited. In order to become a national brand, we intend to support and grow the existing recognition and reputation of our over 270-year old brand “Suxuantang” and maintain our branded pricing strategy through continued sales and marketing efforts, as well as our newly upgraded GMP-compliant production lines. To achieve this goal, we plan to promote the efficacy and safety profiles of all of our Advanced TCMP products to physicians at hospitals and clinics through our sales force, independent distributors and educational physician conferences and seminars. Under the current pharmaceutical regulations in China, TCMP manufacturers are not required to obtain approval from any regulatory authority in order to claim the efficacy and safety of TCMP products, since the efficacy and safety of such products are specifically indicated in “China Pharmacopeia”. China Pharmacopoeia provides state pharmaceutical standards and quality control requirements in China. There are currently 618 TCMP raw materials and their related products exclusively listed in China Pharmacopoeia Part I (version 2020). China Pharmacopeia offers guidance related to each TCMP raw material such as its origin, characteristics, properties, identification, quantitation (assay), indication (action), preparation processing, administration and dosage, storage, and side effects. Each TCMP manufacturer is required by law to follow the guidance set forth in the China Pharmacopoeia. China Pharmacopoeia Part I also stipulates the national standard for TCMP products regarding their efficacy and safety. We intend to promote and advertise the efficacy and safety profiles of all of our Advanced TCMP products by educating the physicians who might not be familiar with the China Pharmacopoeia.

Developing and Introducing Additional Products to Expand or Strengthen Our Existing Product Portfolio. We plan to focus on our development capabilities towards expanding our existing portfolio, including our TCMHS products. In addition, we are constantly in the process of developing new types of Advanced TCMP products. We are introducing new products at a steady pace to further strengthen our branded market leadership position in Directly-Oral and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMPs.

Expanding Our Distribution Network to Increase Market Penetration. We intend to expand our reach in the PRC to drive additional growth in our existing and future products. We currently contract with over 102   distributors in the PRC and plan to expand on these relationships to target new markets. We plan to continue to broaden our marketing efforts outside of major cities in the PRC and to increase our market penetration in cities and rural areas where we already have a growing presence. Over the long term, we intend to expand our presence beyond the PRC to international markets by partnering with international pharmaceutical companies in cross-selling our products.

Employees

As of March 31, 2023, we had a total of 78 full-time employees and no part-time employee. The following table sets forth the breakdown of our employees as of March 31, 2023 by function:

As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various government statutory employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. As of the date of this annual report, we have made adequate employee benefit payments. However, if we were found by the relevant authorities that we failed to make adequate payment, we may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines.

We enter into standard labor and confidentiality agreements with our employees. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor disputes.

Insurance

We provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical insurance for our employees. We do not maintain business interruption insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain product liability insurance or key-man insurance. We consider our insurance coverage to be sufficient for our business operations in China.

Legal Proceedings

We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings.   We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention.

Regulations

This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in China.

Overview

We operate our business in China under a legal regime consisting of the National People’s Congress, which is the country’s highest legislative body, the State Council, which is the highest authority of the executive branch of the PRC central government, and several ministries and agencies under its authority, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, State Administration for Industry and Commerce (“SAIC”) and their respective local offices.

In China, unlike western medicine which is required to go through clinical trials and complex approval process before commercial launch, Chinese Traditional Medicine, including TCMP, is subject to a completely different regulatory system in terms of approval, quality control and development process because it is currently impossible to test the effects of TCMP clinically. TCMP utilizes various herbs as its ingredients, which are natural products and their chemical composition varies and complicates. Given that the drug effect on each person can vary significantly, there is a lack of common scientific standards and appropriate clinical methods for evaluating TCMP to ensure its safety, efficacy. In addition, TCMP has a very long history and it originated from the sum total of the practices based on different TCM practitioners’ theories, beliefs and experiences, which are often inexplicable.

The regulatory system, known as the “Traditional Chinese Medicine Pieces System.” provides sole guidance on TCMP production in the following aspects:

The production of TCMP must comply with the “Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC (2019 Revision)”, “GMP for drugs”, and “GSP for drugs”. Companies manufacturing and selling TCMP products must have the License: “Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit” and “TCM an approval throughout GMP compliance-inspection”. TCMP production companies that met both of the License Requirements within the scope of production and approval throughout GMP compliance-inspection will not be required to obtain NMPA (in lieu of CFDA effective on December 1, 2019) or local MPA approval before manufacturing their TCMP products and TCMP products are categorically exempted from being tested clinically because the effect of TCMP products are impossible to be tested clinically. As a result, TCMP products do not have the NMPA approval registration number, which is typically found in western medicine products.

TCMP also needs to follow national drug reference standard codified in Pharmacopoeia of the PRC (“Guidance”). The Guidance supplies critical information to TCMP manufacturers regarding origin of ingredients, description, identification, processing, assay, property and flavor, meridian tropism, actions, indications, administration and dosage, precautions and warnings and storage.

Besides general GMP for drugs, the production of TCMP also needs to follow the GMP specifically tailored for TCMP, which can be found as annex attached to NMPA regulations.

Regulations Relating to Pharmaceutical Industry.

The pharmaceutical industry in China is highly regulated. The primary regulatory authority is the NMPA, including its provincial and local branches. As a developer and producer of medicinal products, we are subject to regulation and oversight by the NMPA and its provincial and local branches. The Law of the PRC on the Administration of Pharmaceuticals provides the basic legal framework for the administration of the production and sale of pharmaceuticals in China and covers the manufacturing, distribution, packaging, pricing and advertising of pharmaceutical products. These regulations set forth detailed rules with respect to the administration of pharmaceuticals in China. We are also subject to other PRC laws and regulations that are applicable to business operators, manufacturers and distributors in general.

Registration and Approval of Medicine.

Pursuant to the PRC Provisions for Drug Registration, a medicine must be registered and approved by the NMPA before it can be manufactured and sold. The registration and approval process require the manufacturer to submit to the NMPA a registration application containing detailed information concerning the efficacy and quality of the medicine and the manufacturing process and the production facilities the manufacturer expects to use. This process generally takes two to five years and could be longer, depending on the nature of the medicine under review, the quality of the data provided and the workload of the NMPA. If a manufacturer chooses to manufacture a pre-clinical medicine, it is also required to conduct pre-clinical trials, apply to the NMPA for permission to conduct clinical trials and go through the clinical trials. If a manufacturer chooses to manufacture a post-clinical medicine, it only needs to go through the clinical trials. In both cases, a manufacturer needs to file clinical data with the NMPA for approval for manufacturing after clinical trials are completed.

New Medicine. If the NMPA approves a medicine production, it will issue a new approval after pharmaceutical GMP inspections conducted by NMPA or local MPA. During the monitoring period of pharmaceutical GMP compliance, the NMPA will monitor the safety of the new medicine, and will neither accept the compliance for an identical medicine by another pharmaceutical company, nor approve the production or import of an identical medicine by other pharmaceutical companies. As a result of these new regulations, keeping the compliance with pharmaceutical GMP requirements has the exclusive right to manufacture the new medicine during the monitoring period.

National Production Standard and Provisional Standard. In connection with the NMPA’s approval of a new medicine, the NMPA will normally direct the manufacturer to produce the medicine according to a provisional national production standard, or a provisional standard. A provisional standard is valid for two years, during which time the NMPA closely monitors the production process and quality consistency of the medicine to develop a national final production standard for the medicine, or a final standard. Three months before the expiration of the two-year period, the manufacturer is required to apply to the NMPA to convert the provisional standard to a final standard. Upon approval, the NMPA will publish the final standard for the production of this medicine. There is no statutory timeline for the NMPA to complete its review and grant approval for the conversion. In practice, the approval for conversion to a final standard is time-consuming and could take a number of years. However, during the NMPA’s review period, the manufacturer may continue to produce the medicine according to the provisional standard.

Transitional Period. Prior to the latter of (1) the expiration of a new medicine’s monitoring period or (2) the date when the NMPA grants a final standard for a new medicine after the expiration of the provisional standard, the NMPA will not accept applications for an identical medicine nor will it approve the production of an identical medicine by other pharmaceutical companies. Accordingly, the manufacturer will continue to have an exclusive production right for the new medicine during this transitional period.

All TCMP (not TCPM) products as medicine are administrated separately by NMPA. Without clinical trial application, the TCMP medicines are registered and approved by the NMPA based on manufacturer’s Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit before they can be manufactured and sold. A TCMP manufacturer manufactures only the TCMP products of scope approved by NMPA described on both Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit and GMP requirements and standards. For example, Directly-Oral-TCMP products are not subjected to manufacture without the directly oral TCMP term appeared on the Permit. The TCMP production and quality standard must comply with corresponding TCM and sections on the Pharmacopeia of the PRC.

Continuing NMPA Regulation

Pharmaceutical manufacturers in China are subject to continuing regulation by the NMPA. If the labeling or its manufacturing process of an approved medicine is significantly modified, a new pre-market approval or pre-market approval supplement will be required by the NMPA. A pharmaceutical manufacturer is subject to periodic inspection and safety monitoring by the NMPA to determine compliance with regulatory requirements.

The NMPA has a variety of enforcement actions available to enforce its regulations and rules, including fines and injunctions, recall or seizure of products, the imposition of operating restrictions, partial suspension or complete shutdown of production and criminal prosecution.

Pharmaceutical Product Manufacturing

A pharmaceutical manufacturer must obtain a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit from the NMPA’s relevant provincial branch. This permit is valid for five years and is renewable for an additional five-year period upon its expiration. Our current Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit, issued by the NMPA, will expire on December 17, 2025.

A pharmaceutical manufacturer must meet the Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice (current 2010 version) standards, or GMP standards, for each of its production facilities in China in respect of each form of pharmaceutical product it produces. GMP standards include staff qualifications, production premises and facilities, equipment, raw materials, environmental hygiene, production management, quality control and customer complaint administration.

China National People’s Congress promulgated a new revision “Pharmaceutical Administration Law of PRC (2019 Revision), and was effective as of December 1, 2019. NMPA is the new agency that replaced CFDA. The pharmaceutical GMP inspection without notification has replaced the “Pharmaceutical GMP Certificate”. As a result, pharmaceutical manufacturers are required to obtain a valid “Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Permit”.

Pharmaceutical products packages.

Pharmaceutical products packages must, in accordance with the regulations, be labeled and have an instruction booklet attached. The name of the drug, its ingredients, specifications, the manufacturing enterprise, approval number, product batch number, date of production, expiry date, suitability for symptoms or main function, methods of use, dosage, contraindications, side-effects and points to note must be clearly indicated on the label or in the instruction booklet. The labels of narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs, poisonous drugs, radioactive drugs, drugs for external use only and non-prescription drugs must bear the prescribed mark.

Regulations relating to Price Control

The laws of the PRC provide for the government to fix and adjust prices. The prices of certain TCMP products we distribute, including those listed in the Chinese government’s catalogue of medications that are reimbursable under the PRC’s social insurance program, or the Insurance Catalogue, are subject to control by the relevant state or provincial price administration authorities. The PRC establishes price levels for products based on market conditions, average industry cost, supply and demand and social responsibility. In practice, price control with respect to these medicines sets a ceiling on their retail price. The actual price of such medicines set by manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers cannot historically exceed the price ceiling imposed by applicable government price control regulations. 

We have two products not listed on national Medicare Insurance Catalogue, which are Directly-Oral products LuXueJing (which is listed on Medicare Insurance Catalogue of Jiangsu and Guangzhou provinces) and XueJie (powders). The revenue attributable to LuXueJing were $977,610 (RMB 6,631,521), $449,975 (RMB 2,887,939) and $481,431 (RMB 3,298,573) for the years ended March 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The revenue attributable to Xuejie powders is $7,033 (RMB 47,706), $1,660 (RMB 10,657) and $7,818 (RMB 53,566) for the years ended March 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. 

Packaging materials and containers selected for production of all TCMP shall accommodate to drug property. No TCMP whose package fails to conform to regulations may be marketed. A label shall be printed on or attached to the package of TCMP. On the label of TCMP shall be indicated the name of the drug, grade/weight, origin of production, manufacturer, product batch number and production date; if the said TCMP is controlled by an approval number, the number shall also be indicated.

Currently, all of our marketed products meet the packaging requirements.

Microbial limitation standards on Chinese medicine extraction and TCMP.

Chinese medicine extraction - The total number of aerobic organisms shall not exceed 10³ cfu/g or cfu/ml. The total number of molds and yeasts in Chinese medicine extraction shall not exceed 10² cfu/g or cfu/ml. There are no standard regulations regarding control microbes.

Powdered, liquid, Directly-Oral-TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP - Their regulations and standards are complied with the description on the GMP certificate and China Pharmacopeia Parts I and IV, including relation to the limitation of the total number of permitted aerobic organisms, molds and yeasts. However, for every 10 grams of powdered Directly-Oral-TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP, shall be no Salmonella bacteria detectable. Any other bile salt resistant organisms shall not exceed 10⁴ cfu (1g). We are in full compliance with these microbial limitation standards.

National Drug Reference Standard.

Our TCMP products must also satisfy national drug reference standard. In China, companies manufacturing TCMP products must follow a specific guidance known as the “Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China” (“Guidance”) and relevant standards promulgated by the drug control and administrative department of the State Council. This Guidance (Latest Version 2020) became effective on December 31, 2020 and it has been codified into state law with the purpose of providing clear guidance on TCMP manufacturing process. The Guidance shall apply to all aspects of TCMP manufacturing process including the research and development, production (import), management, use and supervision of TCMP. It provides standard language that can be used by TCMP companies to draft description, identification, processing, assay, property and flavor, meridian tropism, actions, indications, storage, administration and dosage, precautions and warnings of TCMP products.

C. Organizational Structure Chart

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities, as of the date of this annual report:

Contractual Arrangements between WFOE and Taizhou Suxuantang

Due to PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership in the pharmaceutical sector, neither we nor our subsidiaries own any equity interest in Taizhou Suxuantang. Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share in Taizhou Suxuantang. Instead, WFOE, Taizhou Suxuantang and its shareholders entered into a series of contractual arrangements, also known as VIE Agreements, pursuant to which, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of Taizhou Suxuantang for accounting purpose, and, therefore, we are able to consolidate the financial results of Taizhou Suxuantang in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

According to the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement between WFOE and Taizhou Suxuantang, which is one of the VIE Agreements that was also entered into on October 13, 2017, Taizhou Suxuantang is obligated to pay service fees to WFOE approximately equal to the net income of Taizhou Suxuantang.

Each of the VIE Agreements is described in detail below:

Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement

Pursuant to the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement between Taizhou Suxuantang and WFOE, WFOE provides Taizhou Suxuantang with technical support, consulting services and other management services relating to its day-to-day business operations and management, on an exclusive basis, utilizing its advantages in technology, human resources, and information. Additionally, Taizhou Suxuantang granted an irrevocable and exclusive option to WFOE to purchase from Taizhou Suxuantang, any or all of Taizhou Suxuantang’s assets at the lowest purchase price permitted under the PRC laws. Should WFOE exercise such option, the parties shall enter into a separate asset transfer or similar agreement. For services rendered to Taizhou Suxuantang by WFOE under this agreement, WFOE is entitled to collect a service fee each month determined by the parties through negotiation after considering: complexity and difficulty of the services provided by WFOE; title of and time consumed by employees of WFOE providing the services; contents and value of the services provided by WFOE; market price of the same type of services; and operation conditions of Taizhou Suxuantang.

The Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement shall remain in effect unless it is terminated by WFOE for Taizhou Suxuantang’s material breach of this Agreement. Taizhou Suxuantang does not have the right to terminate the Agreement unilaterally.

WFOE has absolute authority relating to the management of Taizhou Suxuantang, including but not limited to decisions with regard to expenses, salary raises and bonuses, hiring, firing and other operational functions. The Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement does not prohibit related party transactions. However, since establishment of the Company’s audit committee at the consummation of our initial public offering, the audit committee has been required to review and approve in advance any related party transactions, including transactions involving WFOE or Taizhou Suxuantang.

Share Pledge Agreement

Under the Share Pledge Agreement among WFOE and Feng Zhou, Ziqun Zhou, and Di Zhou, who together hold 100% shares of Taizhou Suxuantang (“Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders”), the Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders pledged all of their equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang to WFOE to guarantee the performance of Taizhou Suxuantang’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, in the event that Taizhou Suxuantang or its shareholders breach their respective contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, WFOE, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including, but not limited to, the right to collect dividends generated by the pledged equity interests. Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders also agreed that upon occurrence of any event of default, as set forth in the Share Pledge Agreement, WFOE is entitled to dispose of the pledged equity interest in accordance with applicable PRC laws. The Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders further agree not to dispose of the pledged equity interests or take any actions that would prejudice WFOE’s interest.

The Share Pledge Agreement shall be effective upon execution. Taizhou Suxuantang does not have the right to terminate the Share Pledge Agreement. Only WFOE has right to terminate the Share Pledge Agreement. According to the Share Pledge Agreement, upon fulfillment of all the obligations under the Agreement and full payment under the VIE Agreements by Taizhou Suxuantang and its shareholders, WFOE may release Taizhou Suxuantang from its obligations under the Share Pledge Agreement. WFOE may terminate the Share Pledge Agreement when the Company disposes Taizhou Suxuantang by terminating all the VIE Agreements or when WFOE decides to purchase the equity interest in Taizhou Suxuantang from its shareholders pursuant to the Exclusive Option Agreement and terminates all the VIE Agreements in the event the PRC laws allow foreign ownership in the pharmaceutical sector. In case the Company, upon obtaining its shareholders approval, if required, disposes Taizhou Suxuantang by terminating the VIE Agreements, such termination will have significant effect on the Company. In the event WFOE purchases the equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang when foreign ownership in pharmaceutical sector is permitted, termination of the VIE Agreements shall not have significant effect to the Company as the Company will control Taizhou Suxuantang through equity ownership.

Pursuant to the Power of Attorney, WFOE is authorized to act on behalf the Taizhou Suxuantang shareholders as their exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights as shareholders, including having Taizhou Suxuantang to make required payment under the Share Pledge Agreement.

The purposes of the Share Pledge Agreement are to (1) guarantee the performance of Taizhou Suxuantang’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, (2) make sure the shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang shall not transfer or assign the pledged equity interest, or create or allow any encumbrance that would prejudice WFOE’s interests without WFOE’s prior written consent and (3) provide WFOE control over Taizhou Suxuantang. Under the Exclusive Option Agreement (described below), WFOE may exercise its option to acquire the equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang any time to the extent permitted by the PRC Law. In the event Taizhou Suxuantang breaches its contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, WFOE will be entitled to foreclose on the Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders’ equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang and may (1) exercise its option to purchase or designate third parties to purchase part or all of their equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang and in this situation, WFOE may terminate the VIE agreements after acquisition of all equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang or form a new VIE structure with the third parties designated by WFOE; or (2) dispose the pledged equity interests and be paid in priority out of the proceeds from the disposal in which case the VIE structure will be terminated.

Exclusive Option Agreement

Under the Exclusive Option Agreement, the Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders irrevocably granted WFOE (or its designee) an exclusive option to purchase, to the extent permitted under PRC law, once or at multiple times, at any time, part or all of their equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang at the exercise price of RMB10.00.

Under the Exclusive Option Agreement, WFOE may at any time under any circumstances, purchase, or have its designated person to purchase, at its discretion, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of the shareholders’ equity interests in Taizhou Suxuantang.

This Agreement shall remain effective until all equity interests held by Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders in Taizhou Suxuantang have been transferred or assigned to WFOE and/or any other person designated by WFOE in accordance with this Agreement.

Power of Attorney

Under the Power of Attorney, the Taizhou Suxuantang Shareholders authorize WFOE to act on their behalf as their exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights as shareholders, including but not limited to: (a) attending shareholders’ meetings; (b) exercising all the shareholder’s rights, including voting, that shareholders are entitled to under the laws of China and the Articles of Association, including but not limited to the sale or transfer or pledge or disposition of shares in part or in whole; and (c) designating and appointing on behalf of shareholders the legal representative, the executive director, supervisor, the chief executive officer and other senior management members of Taizhou Suxuantang.

Although it is not explicitly stipulated in the Power of Attorney, the term of the Power of Attorney shall be the same as the term of that of the Exclusive Option Agreement.

This Power of Attorney is coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable and continuously valid for each shareholder from the date it is executed until the date he/she no longer is a shareholder of Taizhou Suxuantang.

The Exclusive Option Agreement, together with the Share Pledge Agreement and the Power of Attorney enable WFOE to exercise effective control over Taizhou Suxuantang.

D. Property, plants and equipment

Facilities  

We currently have the following GMP-certified facilities located in Taizhou city of Jiangsu province in China: approximately 1,200 square meters for Regular TCMP production, 450 square meters for Fine TCMP production, 240 square meters for Directly-Oral TCMP and After-Soaking-Oral TCMP production, 250 square meters for TCMP raw materials sterilization facility, 450 square meters for quality control, and research& development centers, and a total of 1,100 square meters for storage.

We have started expanding a production base to increase production capacity to meet rapidly growing demand for TCMPs since October 2017, which covers a total of 33,300 square meter land.

Description of Property

We have leased properties set forth in the table below.  

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not Applicable

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this Form 20-F. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). In addition, our financial statements and the financial information included in this Form 20-F reflect our organizational transactions and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods.

This section contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements. Further, as a result of these factors, risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events may not occur. Relevant factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Form 20-F. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs and opinions as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new Information, future events or otherwise. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operation

Working capital required to implement our business plan will most likely be provided by funds obtained through offerings of our equity, debt, debt-linked securities, and/or equity-linked securities, and revenues generated by us. No assurance can be given that we will have revenues sufficient to support and sustain our operations or that we would be able to obtain equity/debt financing in the current economic environment. If we do not have sufficient working capital and are unable to generate sufficient revenues or raise additional funds, we may delay the completion of or significantly reduce the scope of our current business plan; delay some of our development and clinical or marketing efforts; postpone the hiring of new personnel; or, under certain dire financial circumstances, substantially curtail or cease our operations.

We are an offshore holding company conducting all of our business through our subsidiaries and the consolidated variable interest entity, Taizhou Suxuantang in China. Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any share in Taizhou Suxuantang. Instead, WFOE, Taizhou Suxuantang and its shareholders entered into a series of contractual arrangements, also known as VIE Agreements, pursuant to which, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of Taizhou Suxuantang for accounting purpose, and, therefore, we are able to consolidate the financial results of Taizhou Suxuantang in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Our past operating results are not an accurate indication of the lines of business we are principally engaged in currently. Thus, you should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties experienced by early stage companies in evolving markets rather than typical companies of our age. Some of these risks and uncertainties relate to our ability to:

Results of Operations for the Year Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2022

Revenues

We generated revenues primarily from manufacture and sales of three types of TCMP products: Advanced TCMP, Fine TCMP, Regular TCMP, TCMHS products and raw medicinal materials. TCMHS is a classification of health-supporting food used traditionally in China as TCM but which are also consumed as food. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2022, our total revenues decreased by $630,602, or 24%, for the year ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the effect of the continuous lockdown for COVID-19 during the calendar year of 2023.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for each period presented:

Advanced TCMP

Advanced TCMP is comprised of seven Directly-Oral-TCMP and ten After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP. Both Directly Oral TCMP and After-soaking-oral TCMP are new types of Advanced TCMP.

Revenue from Advanced TCMP accounted for 33% and 45% of the revenue recognized during the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2022, our revenue from Advanced TCMP decreased by $506,180, or 44%, for the year ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the continuous lockdown in China in the calendar year of 2022, which adversely affected the production and distribution of our products. Additionally, as part of our marketing strategy to maintain our market share, we reduced the price of our Advanced TCMP products.

Fine TCMP

We currently produce over 10 Fine TCMP products for drug stores and hospitals. Our Fine TCMP products are manufactured manually from only high-quality authentic ingredients derived from their region of origin.

Revenue from Fine TCMP accounted for 6% and 15% of the revenue recognized during the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2022, our revenue from Fine TCMP decreased by $284,976, or 71% for the year ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to the continuous lockdown in China, which impacted the operation of pharmaceutical stores, the main sale channel for fine TCMP products. Additionally, our decided to discontinue cooperation with some clients in the sales of fine TCMP, as the purchase price of raw materials surged during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Regular TCMP

We currently manufacture 235 Regular TCMP products listed on China Pharmacopoeia (version 2020) Parts I and IV for hospitals and drug stores in treatment of various diseases or serving as dietary supplements.

Revenue from Regular TCMP accounted for 35% and 30% of the revenue recognized during the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue from Regular TCMP products decreased by $95,912, or 12%, to $697,518 for the year ended March 31, 2023 from $793,430 for the year ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in revenue from Regular TCMP products is due to the continuous lockdown in China, which affected the production and distribution of our products. Additionally, the portion of revenue from Regular TCMP products of our total revenue also decreased because of the new sales of raw medicinal materials during the year ended March 31, 2023.

TCMHS Solid Beverages

Four solid beverage products as part of the Company’s TCMHS products were developed and commercially launched in April 2019 and generated revenue of $0 and $245,959 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2022, our revenue from TCMHS products decreased by $245,959, or 100% for the year ended March 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the unfavorable condition of the market. For the year ended March 31, 2023, we decided to suspend our production and sales of TCMHS products and develop new product lines in the near future.

Raw medicinal materials

For the year ended March 31, 2023, we generated revenue from sales of raw medicinal materials of $502,425, which represented 25% of our total revenue. As the market demand for our products has declined for several years, we sold some of the raw medicinal materials to increase our sales and revitalize our current assets.

Gross Profit

Cost of revenues primarily includes cost of materials, direct labors, overhead, and other related incidental expenses that are directly attributable to the Company’s principal operations. Total cost of revenue increased by $194,770, or 14%, to $1,545,408 for the year ended March 31, 2023 from $1,350,638 for the year ended March 31, 2022. The reason that cost of revenues did not decrease comparatively with the revenue was mainly because of the increase in the purchasing price of raw materials, and fixed costs such as the depreciation of our property, plant and equipment and direct labor cost. For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had abnormal capacity due to unexpected product demand reductions, and a partial of the fixed overhead was recorded in general and administrative expenses instead of in cost of revenues.

Gross profit decreased by $825,372, or 66%, to $ 426,271 for the year ended March 31, 2023 from $1,251,643 for the year ended March 31, 2022. Gross margin was 21.6% for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared to 48.1% for the year ended March 31, 2022. The significant decrease in our gross margin is mainly due to the decrease in our sales of products affected by the continuous lockdown in China for the year ended March 31, 2023, the decrease in sales price of our LuXuejing product, the low gross margin of raw medicinal materials, and the increase in purchasing prices of our raw materials.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses primarily consisted of sales staff payroll and welfare expenses, travelling expenses, advertisement expenses, distribution expenses. The selling expenses decreased from $924,538 for the year ended March 31, 2022 to $387,452 for the year ended March 31, 2023, representing a decrease of $537,086, or 58%. The decrease in selling expenses was mainly due to lower marketing and advertising expenses and shipping and handling expenses, resulting from the decline in our revenues.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of staff payroll and welfare expenses, research and development expenses, entertainment expenses, travelling expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses for administrative purposes, office supply expenses, bad debt expenses and impairment expenses. The general and administrative expenses increased from $5,516,778 for the year ended March 31, 2022 to $5,646,328 for the year ended March 31, 2023, representing a slight increase of $129,550, or 2%. General and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2023 mainly consisted of bad debt provision for accounts receivable of $820,352, bad debt provision for prepayment, receivable and other current assets of $474,342, bad debt provision for loan receivable and accrued interest of $1,581,000, and impairment expense for construction in progress of $349,390. General and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2022 mainly consisted of payroll expenses of $2,334,397 recorded related to the equity incentive plan and bad debt provision for accounts receivable of $477,299. For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had abnormal capacity due to unexpected product demand reductions, and fixed overhead of $157,028 and $67,096 were recorded in general and administrative expenses instead of in cost of revenues, respectively. For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, payroll expenses of $1,151,466 and $2,979,374 were recorded in general and administrative expenses.

Other income (expense), net

Interest expenses, net for the year ended March 31, 2023 mainly consisted of accretion of finance costs and interest expenses related to the Convertible Notes we issued on March 16, 2022, December 19, 2022 and March 7, 2023, and interest expenses from our borrowings from banks and various individuals. For the year ended March 31, 2023, we recorded amortization of issuance cost and debt discount of $335,654 and interest expenses of $130,282 for the Convertible Notes. For the year ended March 31, 2023, we recorded interest expenses of $10,840 for the other borrowings from banks and individuals.

Interest expenses, net for the year ended March 31, 2022 mainly consisted of accretion of finance cost and interest expense related to the Convertible Note we issued on March 16, 2022. For the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded amortization of issuance cost and debt discount of $29,926 and interest expense of $7,020 for the Convertible Notes.

Other income for the year ended March 31, 2023 mainly consisted of other non-operating income of $156,914 and other non-operating expenses of $7,401. Other expenses for the year ended March 31, 2022 mainly consisted of other non-operating income of $164,013 and other non-operating expenses of $345,593.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) represented current and deferred income tax expenses or benefits derived from income before taxes generated by Suxuantang, the variable interest entity of the Company. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2022, the income tax expense for the year ended March 31, 2023 decreased by $328,146, or 100%. The current income tax expenses of Nil and Nil for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were mainly due to the loss before corporate income taxes of the Company and its subsidiaries and the VIE entity. Deferred income tax expenses for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were Nil and $328,146, respectively.

Net loss

As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended March 31, 2023 was $5,934,772, representing a slight increase of $198,677, or 3%, from net loss of $5,736,095 for the year ended March 31, 2022. The increase in net loss was mainly due to the decrease in our revenues and gross profit.

Results of Operations for the Year Ended March 31, 2022 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2021

Revenues

We generated revenues primarily from manufacture and sales of three types of traditional Chinese medicine pieces (the “TCMP”) products: Advanced TCMP, Fine TCMP, Regular TCMP, and TCM Homologous Supplements (“TCMHS”) products. TCMHS is a classification of health-supporting food used traditionally in China as TCM but which are also consumed as food, which was developed and commercialized during the year ended March 31, 2020. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2021, our total revenues decreased by $2,175,292, or 46% for the year ended March 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to the effect of the continuous lockdown for Covid-19 and the ongoing renewal process of our GMP certificate.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for each period presented:

Advanced TCMP

Advanced TCMP is comprised of seven Directly Oral TCMP products (the “Directly-Oral-TCMP”) and ten After-soaking-oral TCMP products (the “After-Soaking-Oral-TCMP”). Both Directly Oral TCMP and After-soaking-oral TCMP are new types of Advanced TCMP.

Revenue from Advanced TCMP accounted for 45% and 37% of revenue recognized during the year ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2021, our revenue from Advanced TCMP decreased by $609,527, or 34% for the year ended March 31, 2022.

Fine TCMP

We currently produce over 10 Fine TCMP products for drug stores and hospitals. Our Fine TCMP products are manufactured manually from only high-quality authentic ingredients derived from their region of origin.

Revenue from Fine TCMP accounted for 15% and 12% of revenue recognized during the year ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2021, our revenue from Fine TCMP decreased by $180,018, or 31% for the year ended March 31, 2022.

Regular TCMP

We currently manufacture 235 Regular TCMP products listed on China Pharmacopoeia (version 2020) Parts I and IV for hospitals and drug stores in treatment of various diseases or serving as dietary supplements.

Revenue from Regular TCMP accounted for 30% and 30% of revenue recognized during the years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue from Regular TCMP products decreased by $656,885, or 45%, to $793,430 for the year ended March 31, 2022 from $1,450,315 for the year ended March 31, 2021.

TCMHS Solid Beverages

Four solid beverage products as part of the Company’s TCMHS products were developed and commercially launched in April 2019 and generated revenue of $245,959 and $974,821 for the years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2021, our revenue from TCMHS products decreased by $728,862, or 75% for the year ended March 31, 2022.

Gross Profit

Cost of revenues primarily include cost of materials, direct labors, overhead, and other related incidental expenses that are directly attributable to the Company’s principal operations. Total cost of revenue decreased by $587,385, or 30%, to $1,350,638 for the year ended March 31, 2022 from $1,938,023 for the year ended March 31, 2021. The reason that cost of revenues did not decrease comparatively with the revenue was mainly due to the fact that fixed costs such as depreciation of our property, plant and equipment and direct labor cost did not decrease comparatively. For the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company had abnormal capacity due to unexpected product demand reductions, and partial of the fixed overhead was recorded in general and administrative expenses instead of in cost of revenues.

Gross profit decreased by $1,587,907, or 56%, to $1,251,643 for the year ended March 31, 2022 from $2,839,550 for the year ended March 31, 2021. Gross margin was 48.1% for the year ended March 31, 2022, compared to 59.4% for the year ended March 31, 2021.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses primarily consisted of sales staff payroll and welfare expenses, travelling expenses, advertisement expenses, distribution expenses. The selling expenses decreased from $1,587,333 for the year ended March 31, 2021 to $924,538 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $662,795, or 42%. The decrease in selling expenses was mainly due to the decrease in marketing and advertising expenses and shipping and handling expenses caused by the decrease in our revenues.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consisted of staff payroll and welfare expenses, research and development expenses, entertainment expenses, travelling expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses for administrative purposes, and office supply expenses. The general and administrative expenses increased from $3,449,293 for the year ended March 31, 2021 to $5,516,778 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of $2,067,485, or 60%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to the payroll expenses of $2,334,397 recorded for the year ended March 31, 2022 related to the 2021 equity incentive plan, and the increase of bad debt provision for accounts receivable

Other income(expense), net

Interest income (expenses) for the year ended March 31, 2022 mainly consisted of accretion of finance cost and interest expense related to the Convertible Note we issued on March 16, 2022. For the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded amortization of issuance cost and debt discount of $29,926 and Convertible Note (please refer to FS, Note 13) interest expense of $7,020.

Interest income (expenses) for the year ended March 31, 2021 mainly consisted of accretion of finance cost, interest expense of the issuance and forbearance of Convertible Notes issued on April 16, 2019 and the expense related to the issuance of warrants to a third party. For the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded amortization of issuance cost and debt discount of $184,587 and interest expense of $935,680 of the Convertible Notes (please refer to FS, Note 13) and the expense related to the issuance of warrants to a third party of $509,000.

Other income (expenses) for the year ended March 31, 2022 mainly consists of other non-operating income of $164,013 and other non-operating expense of $345,593. Other income (expenses) for the year ended March 31, 2021 mainly consists of the collection of other receivables which was written off in prior period of $468,687 and government subsidy of $410,158.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) represented current and deferred income tax expenses or benefits derived from income before taxes generated by Suxuantang, the variable interest entity of the Company. As compared with the year ended March 31, 2021, the income tax expense for the year ended March 31, 2022 increased by $520,829, or 270%. Income tax expense for the year ended March 31, 2022 consists of $328,146 deferred tax expense. Income tax benefit for the year ended March 31, 2021 consists of $192,683 deferred tax benefit. The current income tax expenses of Nil and Nil for the years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were mainly due to the loss before corporate income taxes of the Company and its subsidiaries and the VIE entity.

Net income (loss)

As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended March 31, 2022 was $5,736,095, representing an increase of $2,987,912, or 109%, from net loss of $2,748,183 for the year ended March 31, 2021. The increase in net loss was mainly due to the decrease in our gross profit and the increase in our general and administrative expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Consolidation

The Company provides all of its products in China via the VIE of the Company, due to PRC legal restrictions of foreign ownership on certain sectors. WFOE, shareholders of Taizhou Suxuantang and Taizhou Suxuantang entered into a series of contractual arrangements, also known as VIE Agreements, on October 13, 2017. Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, WFOE is regarded as the primary beneficiary of Taizhou Suxuantang and we are able to consolidate the financial statements of Taizhou Suxuantang in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Total assets and liabilities presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, along with the revenue, expenses, and net income shown on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income, as well as the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows, all substantially present the financial position, operation and cash flow of the VIE. As of March 31, 2023, our VIE accounted for an aggregate of 97% and 75% of our total assets and total liabilities, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, our VIE accounted for an aggregate of 85% and 85% of our total assets and total liabilities, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, $16,735,938 and $14,217,855 of cash and cash equivalents were denominated in RMB, respectively.

The following is a selected condensed consolidating schedule depicting the financial position as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, cash flows and results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 for our Company, our subsidiaries, the VIE and corresponding eliminating adjustments.

Selected Condensed Consolidation Schedule of Balance Sheet

As of March 31, 2023

Selected Condensed Consolidation Schedule of Comprehensive Loss

For the year ended March 31, 2023

Selected Condensed Consolidation Schedule of Cash Flows

For the year ended March 31, 2023

Selected Condensed Consolidation Schedule of Balance Sheet

As of March 31, 2022

Selected Condensed Consolidation Schedule of Comprehensive Loss

For the year ended March 31, 2022

Selected Condensed Consolidation Schedule of Cash Flows

For the year ended March 31, 2022

As of the date of this annual report, we have financed our operations primarily through shareholder capital contributions, shareholder loans, and cash flow from operations. This has resulted in a cash and cash equivalents balance of $17,368,478 as of March 31, 2023, as compared to $15,524,322 as of March 31, 2022. We primarily hold our excess unrestricted cash in short-term interest-bearing bank accounts at financial institutions. As of March 31, 2023, we had a balance of $5,203,762 due to related parties, which we expect to repay using our cash and cash equivalents.

We reported net losses of $5,934,772, $5,736,095, and $2,748,183 for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We had accumulated deficits of $21,613,133 and $15,688,278 as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We used funds in operating activities of $80,757 and $1,316,561 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2021, and generated funds in operating activities of $268,293 for the year ended March 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, we have suffered a continuous decline in revenue for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are in the process in building our customer base to generate increasing revenues as well as cutting expenses, and we are seeking to raise capital through additional debt from equity financings to fund our operations for the next 12 months.

Cash Flow in Operating Activities 

For the year ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $80,757, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $268,293 for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease in cash inflow of $349,050. The decrease in cash inflow in operating activities primarily resulted from the change of the following accounts:

For the year ended March 31, 2022 net cash provided by operating activities was $268,293, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1,316,561 for the year ended March 31, 2021, representing an increase in cash inflow of $1,584,854. The increase in cash inflow in operating activities primarily resulted from the change of following accounts:

Cash Flow in Investing Activities 

We had net cash used in investing activities of $12,303 for the year ended March 31, 2023, which primarily consisted of the purchase of property, plant and equipment of $70,684, and cash received from Huangshan Panjie Investment Management Co., Ltd. of $58,381.

We had net cash used in investing activities of $46,909 for the year ended March 31, 2022, which primarily consisted of purchase of property, plant and equipment of $60,932, capital expenditure in construction in process of $1,558, and cash received from Huangshan Panjie Investment Management Co., Ltd. of $15,581.

We had net cash used in investing activities of $5,805,519, for the year ended March 31, 2021, which primarily consisted of purchase of property and equipment of $78,302, capital expenditure in construction in process of $14,742, long-term deposit paid to one entity of $8,845,122 which the Company is seeking to acquire certain percentage of ownership (please refer to Note 11 in the consolidated financial statements), and cash received from Huangshan Panjie Investment Management Co., Ltd. of $3,132,647 (please refer to Note 7 in the consolidated financial statements).

Cash Flow in Financing Activities 

For the year ended March 31, 2023, the net cash provided by financing activities was $2,941,602, which was primarily attributable to net proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes of $3,289,930 (gross proceeds of $3,721,667 and debt issuance cost of $431,737), net proceeds from shares purchase agreements of $2,194,827, and proceeds from borrowing from banks and individuals of $309,417, net by repayment to amounts due from related parties of $2,826,466, and repayment of principal and interest of bank loans of $26,106.

For the year ended March 31, 2022, the net cash provided by financing activities was $1,595,140, which was primarily attributable to net proceeds from the 2022 convertible note of $2,356,557 (gross proceeds of $2,804,848 and debt issuance cost of $448,291), and net proceeds from the 2022 public offering of $3,115,106, net by repayment to amounts due from related parties of $3,813,468, payment related to equity incentive plan of $30,000, and repayment of principal and interest of bank loans of $33,055.

For the year ended March 31, 2021, the net cash provided by financing activities was $12,409,487, which was primarily attributable to repayment of principal and interest of Convertible Notes of $82,939, cash received from related parties of $12,534,433, and repayment of principal and interest of bank loans of $42,007.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we reported net losses of $5,934,772, $5,736,095, and $2,748,183 for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We had accumulated deficits of $21,613,133 and $15,688,278 as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We used funds in operating activities of $80,757 and $1,316,561 for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2021, and generated funds in operating activities of $268,293 for the year ended March 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, we have suffered a continuous decline in revenue for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are in the process of building our customer base to generate more revenues as well as cutting expenses, and we are seeking to raise capital through additional debt from equity financings to fund our operations. However, there can be no assurance that these plans and arrangements will be sufficient to fund our ongoing capital expenditure, working capital, and other requirements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset and the amounts or classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If the going concern assumption is not appropriate, material adjustments to the financial statements could be required.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

Related Parties and Material Related Party Transactions

Please refer to “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions” and Note 17 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 20-F for details of related parties and material related party transactions.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. The estimates include but are not limited to: determinations of the useful lives of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts, sales return rate, abnormal capacity for inventory production, valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets, the discount rate used for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities calculation, and determinations of fair value of warrants.

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that i) involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and ii) have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations. The management determined there were no critical accounting estimates.

5.C. Research and development, patents, and licenses, etc.

Please refer to Item 4 Subparagraph B, “Information on the Company—Business Overview—Research and Development” and “—Intellectual Property.”

5.D. Trend information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

6.A. Directors, Executive Officers and Key Employees

Set forth below is information concerning our directors, executive officers and other key employees. The following individuals are members of the Board and executive management of the Registrant.

The following is a brief biography of each of our executive officers and directors:  

Executive Officers:

Mr. Feng Zhou has been our CEO and director since July 4, 2017. He was the CEO of Taizhou Suxuantang, the VIE Entity from May 2017 to February, 2018. From January 2015 to May 2017, he was the vice manager of Taizhou Suxuantang. As vice manager of Taizhou Suxuantang, he was responsible for procurement and formulating a cost effective strategy for purchasing goods and services. Mr. Zhou graduated from Logistical Engineering University of PLA and majored in Business Administration. We believe that Mr. Zhou should serve as a member of our board of directors due to the perspective and experience he brings as our founder, Chairman, and CEO, and as our largest and controlling shareholder.

Mr. Xiaodong Pan was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on January 31, 2022. He has served as the Finance Director of Jiangsu Suxuantang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the consolidated variable interests entity of the Company in China, since March 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Pan was the Financial Director of Taizhou Jieda Concrete Co., Ltd. from January 2007 to March 2015. Mr. Pan earned his Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting from Nanjing College of Economics in 2000, and obtained his Master’s Degree in Business Administration in 2021 from Nanjing Institute of Technology.

Non-Management Directors

Mr. Jun Zheng has been appointed as our director upon closing of our IPO on December 31, 2018. Mr. Zheng was a sales area manager at Jiangxi Bo Shi Da Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. from 1999 to 2004, and a department manager and deputy general manager at Taizhou Jiutian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. from the 2005 to 2012. Mr. Zheng served as a general manager at Taizhou Renji Chinese Traditional Medicine Pieces Co., Ltd. from 2013 to 2015 and a general manager at Jiangsu Health Pharmaceutical Investment Management Co., Ltd. from 2016 to 2017. Currently, Mr. Zheng is a vice president at Taizhou Suxuantang. Mr. Zheng received his bachelor’s degree from Jiangnan University (Wuxi Light Industry University) in 1999.

Mr. Tong Liu was appointed as our independent director on May 10, 2022. He has worked at Beijing Yingke (Taizhou) Law Firm since December 2019. From June 2016 to November 2019, he worked at Jiangsu Puchen Law Firm. From October 2014 to June 2016, he worked at Jiangsu Bihong Law Firm. From December 2010 to October 2014, he worked Jiangsu Suyi Law Firm. From September 2006 to December 2010, he worked at Jiangsu Zhushi law firm. Mr. Liu obtained his Bachelor of Law degree from Nanjing University in 2002.

Mr. Xiaodong Ji was appointed as our director on May 22, 2021. Mr. Ji established Jiangsu Sutaitang E-Commerce Co., Ltd. (“Sutaitang”) in October 2019 and currently serves as the CEO of Sutaitang. He is also the deputy general manager of Jiangsu Health Pharmaceutical investment Co., Ltd. Mr. Ji has rich experience of two decades in corporation management, brand chain operation and marketing. Prior to joining us, Mr. Ji has served as CEOs of Dongfang Purple Wine, Zhengde Pharmaceutical, China Belt and Road Shopping Mall Co., Ltd. (the subsidiary of Zhong Zong Tou Group, “Shopping Mall”), respectively. Mr. Ji was responsible for the enterprise management and channel construction of Dongfang Purple Wine and Zhengde Pharmaceutical. Dongfang Purple Wine creates the fifth largest category of wine in China - Purple wine (purple wine is a fine wine made from mulberry fruit). Zhengde pharmaceutical is a brand channel enterprise controlled by Jilin Zixin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd. which is listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Mr. Ji was in charge of the strategic planning and ecological chain construction of Shopping Mall, which is a world shopping mall system under the Belt and Road Initiative. Mr. Ji earned his bachelor degree from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

Mr. Songfan He was appointed as our independent director on May 10, 2022. He has worked at Beijing Qitong International Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science since 2017. He has served as the director of editorial board of “National Civil Servants’ Health Guide”. From August 1996 to December 2003, he worked at Fifth People’s Hospital of Xinyi City. Mr. He graduated from Xuzhou Medical College in Clinical Medicine in 1996, graduated from China Yantai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Clinical Medicine in 2011.

Pursuant to our articles of association as amended, the minimum number of directors shall consist of not less than one person unless otherwise determined by the shareholders in a general meeting. Unless removed or re-appointed, each director shall be appointed for a term expiring at the next-following annual general meeting, if any is held. At any annual general meeting held, our directors will be elected by a majority vote of shareholders eligible to vote at that meeting. At each annual general meeting, each director so elected shall hold office for a one-year term and until the election of their respective successors in office or removed. 

Board Diversity

The table below provides certain information regarding the diversity of our board of directors as of the date of this annual report.

Family Relationships

None of the directors or executive officers has a family relationship as defined in Item 401 of Regulation S-K.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years, been involved in any legal proceedings described in subparagraph (f) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K.

Board of Directors

Our board of directors consists of 5 directors as of the date of this annual report.

Duties of Directors

Under British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances. See “Description of Ordinary Shares — Differences in Corporate Law” for additional information on our directors’ fiduciary duties under British Virgin Islands law. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our M&A. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.

A director must exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose and must not act, or agree to us acting, in a manner that contravenes the BC Act or the M&A. When exercising his powers or performing his duties as a director, a director is entitled to rely upon the register of members and upon books, records, financial statements and other information prepared or supplied, and on professional or expert advice given to him. However, such reliance is subject to the director acting in good faith, making proper enquiry where indicated by the circumstances and having no knowledge that reliance on the matter is not warranted. Under the BC Act, our directors have all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business and affairs, including but not limited to exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company, as well as executing checks, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company.

Interested Transactions

A director may vote, attend a board meeting or sign a document on our behalf with respect to any contract or transaction in which he or she is interested. A director must promptly disclose the interest to all other directors after becoming aware of the fact that he or she is interested in a transaction we have entered into or are to enter into. A general notice or disclosure to the board or otherwise contained in the minutes of a meeting or a written resolution of the board or any committee of the board that a director is a shareholder, director, officer or trustee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company will be sufficient disclosure, and, after such general notice, it will not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction.

Remuneration and Borrowing

The directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid all traveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board of directors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist the directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors. Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any part thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any third party.

6.B. Compensation

Summary Compensation Table   

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to compensation for the year ended March 31, 2023 earned by or paid to our directors and senior management.