SEC Form 20-F filed by Magic Software Enterprises Ltd.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number: 0-19415

MAGIC SOFTWARE ENTERPRISES LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter

and translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Israel

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Terminal Center, Yahadut Canada 1 Street, Or Yehuda 6037501, Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Asaf Berenstin; +972 (3) 538 9243; [email protected]

Yahadut Canada 1 Street, Or Yehuda 6037501, Israel

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

As of December 31, 2023, the Registrant had 49,099,305 Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.1 per share, outstanding

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐   No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ☐   Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐   No ☒

This annual report on Form 20-F is incorporated by reference into the registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8, File Nos. 333-113552, 333-132221 and 333-149553. 

INTRODUCTION

Our legal and commercial name is Magic Software Enterprises Ltd., and we were organized and registered in Israel on February 10, 1983 and began operations in 1986. Together with our subsidiaries we are a global provider of: (i) software services and Information Technologies (“IT”) outsourcing software services; (ii) proprietary application development and business process integration platforms; (iii) selected packaged vertical software solutions, as well as (iv) cloud-based services for end-to-end digital transformation.

Our software technology is used by customers to develop, deploy and integrate on-premise, mobile and cloud-based business applications quickly and cost effectively. In addition, our technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of delivering business solutions that meet current and future needs and allow customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment.

As part of our software services and IT outsourcing services, we offer to hundreds of customers mainly in Israel and in North America an extensive portfolio of professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, integration projects, project management, software testing and quality assurance, engineering consulting (including supervision of engineering projects), support services, cloud, cyber, digital, data and DevOps, all according to the specific needs of the customer, and in accordance with the professional expertise required in each case with the goal to create significant value for our clients in managing, streamlining, accelerating and helping their businesses thrive.

In addition, we offer a variety of proprietary comprehensive packaged software solutions through certain of our subsidiaries for (i) enterprise-wide and fully integrated medical platform (“Clicks”), specializing in the design and management of patient-file oriented software solutions for managed care and large-scale health care providers. This platform aims to allow healthcare service providers to securely access an individual’s electronic health record at the point of care, and it organizes and proactively delivers information with potentially real time feedback to meet the specific needs of physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, front and back-office professionals and consumers; (ii) enterprise management system for both hubs and traditional air cargo ground handling operations from physical handling and cargo documentation through customs, seamless electronic data interchange, or EDI communications, dangerous goods, special handling, track and trace, security to billing (“Hermes”); (iii) enterprise human capital management, or HCM, solutions, to facilitate the collection, analysis and interpretation of quality data about people, their jobs and their performance, to enhance HCM decision making (“HR Pulse”); (iv) revenue management and monetization solutions in mobile, wireline, broadband and mobile virtual network operator/enabler, or MVNO/E (“Leap”); (v) comprehensive system for managing broadcast channels in the area of TV broadcast management through cloud-based on-demand service or on-premise solutions; (vi) comprehensive solution for sales and distribution field activities, such as order taking, route accounting, trade marketing, retail execution, proof of deliveries and B2B E-commerce (“Mobisale”); and (vii) comprehensive solution for efficient management of all types of rehabilitation centers (“Nativ”). Selected by many of the largest rehabilitation and treatment centers in Israel, Nativ serves as a comprehensive solution, the largest and most specialized and equipped system in Israel, with all the capabilities required for operating all aspects of organizations engaged in rehabilitation and treatment. Nativ enables control of all levels of rehabilitation bodies, including monitoring detailed rehabilitation plans, finance, collection, account management, recruitment, working hours, asset management, employment, medical files and management of large organization.

Based on our technological capabilities and our specialists, our software solutions and software services enable our clients to respond to rapidly evolving market needs and regulatory changes, while improving the efficiency of their core operations. We have approximately 3,628 employees, who serve our clients at any given time and whose skills and specialization are a significant source of competitive differentiation. We operate through a large network of independent software vendors, or ISVs, who we refer to as Magic Software Providers, or MSPs, and hundreds of system integrators, distributors, resellers, and consulting and OEM partners. Thousands of enterprises in approximately 50 countries use our products and services.

Our application development and business process integration platforms consist of:

Our vertical packaged software solutions include:

Our software solutions and software services enable our clients to improve their business performance and return on investment by supporting cost-effective and rapid delivery integration of business applications, systems and databases. Using our platforms and our specialists, enterprises and MSPs can achieve fast time-to-market by rapidly building integrated solutions and deploy them in multiple environments while leveraging existing IT resources. In addition, our software solutions are scalable and platform-agnostic, enabling our clients to build software applications by specifying their business logic requirements in a high-level language rather than in computer code, and to benefit from seamless platform upgrades and cross-platform functionality without the need to re-write their applications. Our platforms also support the development of mobile applications that can be deployed on a variety of mobile devices, and in a cloud environment. In addition, we continuously evolve our platforms to include the latest technologies to meet the demands of our customers and the markets in which they operate.

We sell our platforms and our services globally through a broad channel network, including our own direct sales representatives and offices, independent country distributors, MSPs that use our technology to develop and sell solutions to their customers, and system integrators. We also offer software maintenance, support, training and consulting services to supplement with our products, thus aiding in the successful implementation of Magic xpa, AppBuilder, Magic xpi, Magic Data Management and Analytics Platform, Magic Smart UX and FactoryEye projects, and assuring successful operation of the platforms once installed.

In addition, we provide on an increasingly global basis a broad range of advanced software professional services and IT outsourcing services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, support services, Digital, DevOps (Development & Operations), Mobile, Open Source, Big Data and Analytical BI, M/F, Security & Cyber, cloud computing for deployment of highly available and massively-scalable applications and APIs and supplemental IT outsourcing services to a wide variety of companies, including Fortune 1000 companies, all in accordance with the professional expertise required in each case with our goal to create significant value for our clients in managing, streamlining, accelerating and helping their businesses thrive.

We have substantial experience in end-to-end development of tailored high-end software solutions, beginning with collection and analysis of system requirements, continuing with architecture specifications and setup, to software implementation, component integration and testing. From concept to implementation, from application of the ideas of startups requiring the early development of an application or a device, to somewhat larger, more established enterprises, vendors or system houses who need our team of experts to take full responsibility for the development of their systems and products. With our ability to draw on our pool of resources, comprised of hundreds of highly trained, skilled, educated and flexible engineers, we adhere to timelines and budget and work in full transparency with our customers every step of the way to create a tailor-made and cost-effective solution to answer our customers’ unique needs.

Our consolidated financial statements appearing in this annual report are prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS.

We have obtained trademark registrations for SmartUX® in the United States and for Magic® in the United States, Canada, Israel, the Netherlands (Benelux), Switzerland, Thailand and the United Kingdom. All other trademarks and trade names appearing in this annual report are owned by their respective holders.

Statements made in this annual report concerning the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are summaries of such contracts, agreements or documents and are not complete descriptions of all of their terms. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to this annual report or to any previous filling with the SEC, you may read the document itself for a complete recitation of its terms.

Definitions

In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires:

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this annual report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations, as well as information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “plan” and similar expressions. Such statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

The forward-looking statements made in this annual report speak only to our views as of the date on which the statements are made. While we believe such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, should one or more of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, or these risks or uncertainties materialize, our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Please read the risks discussed in Item 3 – “Key Information” under the caption “Risk Factors” and cautionary statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report in order to review conditions that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this annual report, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. Reserved

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C.  Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty. We operate globally in a dynamic and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. The following section lists some, but not all, of those risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before investing in our ordinary shares.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

Risk Related to Our Ordinary Shares

Risks Related to Our Location in Israel

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

The implementation of our M&A growth strategy, which requires the integration of multiple acquired companies and their respective businesses, operations and employees with our own, involves significant risks, and the failure to integrate successfully may adversely affect our future results.

In the past decade we have completed a significant number of important acquisitions. Most recently, on June 8, 2023, we acquired a 60% share interest in K.M.T. (M.H.) Technologies Communication Computer Ltd., an Israeli provider of secured private, public and hybrid cloud computing managed services along with full spectrum of IT communication and professional services - from IT support and helpdesk to IT infrastructure and telephony services. During 2023, we also increased our holdings in Mobisoft Ltd. (an Israeli provider of proprietary comprehensive core system for sales and distribution field activities for consumer goods manufacturers and wholesalers) from 73.7% to 98.5% and in Appush Ltd. (formerly known as Vidstart Ltd.), a provider of a video advertising platform that offers personalized automated methods and real-time smart optimization in the competitive digital ecosystem, to 100%, transforming it into a wholly-owned subsidiary. All such acquisitions are part of our integrated M&A growth strategy, which is centered on three key factors: growing our customer base, expanding our geographic footprint and adding complementary solutions and services to our portfolio— all while we seek to ensure our continued high quality of services and product delivery. Any failure to successfully integrate the business, operations and employees of our acquired companies, or to otherwise realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions, could harm our results of operations. Our ability to realize these benefits will depend on the timely integration and consolidation of organizations, operations, facilities, procedures, policies and technologies, and the harmonization of differences in the business cultures between these companies and their personnel. Integration of these businesses will be complex and time consuming, will involve additional expense and could disrupt our business and divert management’s attention from ongoing business concerns. The challenges involved in integrating K.M.T. (M.H.) Technologies Communication Computer Ltd and other businesses that we have acquired or may acquire from time to time include:

The benefits we expect to realize from these acquisitions are, necessarily, based on projections and assumptions about the combined businesses of our company, and assume, among other things, the successful integration of these acquired entities into our business and operations. Our projections and assumptions concerning our acquisitions may be inaccurate, however, and we may not successfully integrate the acquired companies and our operations in a timely manner, or at all. We may also be exposed to unexpected contingencies or liabilities of the acquired companies. If we do not realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions, our growth strategy and future profitability could be adversely affected.

Our development cycles are lengthy, and we may not have the resources available to complete development of new, enhanced or modified solutions. We may incur significant expenses before we generate revenues, if any, from our solutions.

Because our software solutions are complex and require rigorous testing, development cycles can be lengthy, taking us up to two years to develop and introduce new, enhanced or modified solutions. Moreover, development projects can be technically challenging and expensive. The nature of these development cycles may cause us to experience delays between the time we incur expenses associated with research and development and the time we generate revenues, if any, from such expenses. In addition, adapting to evolving technologies may require us to invest a significant amount of resources, time and attention into the development, integration, support and marketing of those technologies. The acceptance and growth of cloud computing is an example of a rapidly changing technology, which we have adapted into our products, packaged software solution and software service offerings. This required us to make a substantial financial investment to develop and implement cloud computing into our software solution models and has required significant attention from our management to refine our business strategies to include the delivery of such solution.

As the market continues to adopt new technologies, we expect to continue to make substantial investments in our software solutions, system integrations and professional services related to these changing technologies, and in the future we may not have sufficient funds or other resources to make the required investments. Furthermore, we may invest substantial resources in the development of solutions that do not achieve market acceptance or commercial success. Even if we succeed in adapting to a new technology by developing attractive products and services and successfully bringing them to market, there is no assurance that the new product or service will have a positive impact on our financial performance and could even result in lower revenue, lower margins and higher costs and therefore could negatively impact our financial performance. If release dates of any future products or enhancements are delayed our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our products have a lengthy sales cycle that could adversely affect our revenues.

The typical sales cycle for our solutions and services is lengthy and unpredictable, sometimes requires pre-purchase evaluation by a significant number of persons in our clients’ organizations, and often involves a significant operational decision by our customers as they typically use our software solutions and services to develop and deploy as well as to integrate applications that are critical to their businesses. Our sales efforts involve educating our clients, partners and consultants about the use and benefits of our solutions, including the technical capabilities of our solutions and the efficiencies achievable by organizations deploying our solutions. Because of the long approval process that typically accompanies strategic initiatives or capital expenditures by companies, our sales process is often delayed, with little or no control over any delays encountered by us. Our sales cycle, which generally ranges from three to twelve months, can be further extended for sales made through third party distributors. We spend substantial time, effort and money in our sales efforts without any assurance that such efforts will produce any sales.

We are dependent on a limited number of core product families and a decrease in revenues from these products would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; our future success will be largely dependent on the acceptance of future releases of our core product offerings and if we are unsuccessful with these efforts, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. 

We derive a significant portion of our revenues and profits from sales of application and integration platforms and vertical software solutions and from related professional services, software maintenance and technical support. Our future growth depends heavily on our ability to effectively develop and sell new products developed by us or acquired from third parties as well as add new features to existing products and new software service offerings. A decrease in revenues from our principal products and related services would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Our future success depends in part on the continued acceptance of our application platforms and integration products primarily under our Magic xpa, Magic xpi, AppBuilder, Leap, FactoryEye, Magic Data Management and Analytics platform and Magic SmartUX brands and our vertical packaged software solutions, primarily Clicks, Leap™, the Hermes solution and HR Pulse, Mobisale and Nativ. The continued acceptance of these platforms and software solutions will be dependent in part on the continued acceptance and growth of the cloud market, including rich internet applications, or RIAs, mobile and software as a service, or SaaS, for which certain of them are particularly useful and advantageous. We will need to continue to enhance our products to meet evolving requirements and if new versions of such products are not accepted, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Macro-economic headwinds caused by inflation, relatively high interest rates, global supply problems and fluctuations in currency exchange rates have, in the recent past, and may again, adversely impact our revenues, profitability and cash flows.

Our business depends on overall demand within the global information technology sector, the economic health of our current and prospective clients, and worldwide economic conditions. We market and sell our software solutions and services primarily in North America and in Israel, as well as, to a smaller extent, in various parts of the rest of the world. Uncertain economic conditions in those markets, including due to lingering inflation, current relatively high interest rates and potential decreased economic output may reduce overall demand for our insurance software solutions and services. These factors could also delay or lengthen our sales cycles, and inhibit our international expansion, and may also lead to longer collection cycles for payments due from our customers, as well as result in an increase in customer bad debt. In addition, the weakening of New Israeli Shekel and the European currencies in comparison to the U.S. dollar adversely impacted in a material manner, our revenues and our results of operations as measured in U.S. dollars in 2023 compared to 2022 and may continue to adversely impact them in the future. While the implications of these macroeconomic trends for our business, results of operations and overall financial position remain uncertain over the long term, the headwinds that were generated by these trends have created challenges for our business in 2023 as we experienced a slower growth rate in revenues, profitability and cash flows as a result of those headwinds.

In addition to exerting the foregoing impact, macro-economic headwinds may amplify a number of risks for us, including, but not limited to, the following:

The full impact of economic headwinds on our business and our future performance may also have the effect of heightening any of our other risk factors described in this annual report and is difficult to predict when and whether those trends will continue, so there is some level of risk that any guidance we provide to the market may turn out to be incorrect.

Our business depends on generating and maintaining ongoing, profitable client demand for our services and solutions, including through the adaptation and expansion of our services and solutions in response to ongoing changes in technology and offerings, and a significant reduction in such demand or an inability to respond to the evolving technological environment could materially affect our results of operations.

Our revenue and profitability depend on the demand for our services and solutions with favorable margins, which could be negatively affected by numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control and unrelated to our work product. As described above, volatile, negative, or uncertain global economic and political conditions and lower growth or contraction in the markets we serve have adversely affected and could in the future adversely affect client demand for our services and software solutions. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to develop and implement services and software solutions that anticipate and respond to rapid and continuing changes in technology and offerings to serve the evolving needs of our clients. Examples of areas of significant change include digital-, cloud- and security-related offerings, which are continually evolving, as well as developments in areas such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, automation, Internet of Things, network engineering, digital engineering and manufacturing, and as-a-service solutions. As we expand our services and solutions into these new areas, we may be exposed to operational, legal, regulatory, ethical, technological and other risks specific to such new areas, which may negatively affect our reputation and demand for our services and solutions.

Technological developments may materially affect the cost and use of technology by our clients and, in the case of cloud and as-a-service solutions, could affect the nature of how we generate revenue. Some of these technological developments have reduced and replaced some of our historical services and solutions and may continue to do so in the future. This has caused, and may in the future cause, clients to delay spending under existing contracts and engagements and to delay entering into new contracts while they evaluate new technologies. Such technological developments and spending delays can negatively impact our results of operations if we are unable to introduce new pricing or commercial models that reflect the value of these technological developments or if the pace and level of spending on new technologies are not sufficient to make up any shortfall.

Developments in the industries we serve, which may be rapid, could also shift demand to new services and solutions. If, as a result of new technologies or changes in the industries we serve, our clients demand new services and solutions, we may be less competitive in these new areas or need to make significant investment to meet that demand. Our growth strategy focuses on responding to these types of developments by driving innovation that will enable us to expand our business into new growth areas. If we do not sufficiently invest in new technology and adapt to industry developments or evolve and expand our business at sufficient speed and scale, or if we do not make the right strategic investments to respond to these developments and successfully drive innovation, our services and solutions, our results of operations, and our ability to develop and maintain a competitive advantage and to execute on our growth strategy could be adversely affected.

We operate in a rapidly evolving environment in which there currently are, and we expect will continue to be, new technology entrants. New services or technologies offered by competitors or new entrants may make our offerings less differentiated or less competitive when compared to other alternatives, which may adversely affect the results of our operations. In addition, companies in the industries we serve sometimes seek to achieve economies of scale and other synergies by combining with or acquiring other companies. If one of our current clients merges or consolidates with a company that relies on another provider for the services and solutions we offer, we may lose work from that client or lose the opportunity to gain additional work if we are not successful in generating new opportunities from the merger or consolidation.

Many of our consulting contracts are less than 12 months in duration, and these contracts typically permit a client to terminate the agreement with as little as 30 days’ notice. Longer-term, larger and more complex contracts, generally require a longer notice period for termination and often include an early termination charge to be paid to us, but this charge might not be sufficient to cover our costs or make up for anticipated ongoing revenues and profits lost upon termination of the contract. Many of our contracts allow clients to terminate, delay, reduce or eliminate spending on the services we provide. Additionally, a client could choose not to retain us for additional stages of a project, try to renegotiate the terms of its contract or cancel or delay additional planned work. When contracts are terminated or not renewed, we lose the anticipated revenues, and it may take significant time to replace the level of revenues lost. Consequently, our results of operations in subsequent periods could be materially lower than expected.

We may encounter difficulties in realizing the potential financial or strategic benefits of recent business acquisitions. We expect to make additional acquisitions in the future that could disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

A significant part of our business strategy is to pursue acquisitions and other initiatives based on strategy centered on three key factors: growing our customer base, expanding our geographic footprint and adding complementary solutions to our portfolio—all while we seek to ensure our continued high quality of services and product delivery. In the past five years we made numerous acquisitions.

Mergers and acquisitions of companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control and no assurance can be given that our future acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. In the future, we may seek to acquire or make strategic investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, or enter into strategic partnerships or alliances with third parties in order to expand our business. Failure to manage and successfully integrate such acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products technologies and professional services to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has previously developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that new product enhancements will be made in a timely manner or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products. If we acquire other businesses, we may face difficulties, including:

Rapid technological changes may adversely affect the market acceptance of our products and services, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. 

We compete in a market that is characterized by rapid technological changes. Other companies are also seeking to offer integration solutions, low-code development solutions, enterprise mobility solutions, internet-related solutions, such as cloud computing, and complementary services to generate growth. These companies may develop technological or business model innovations or offer services in the markets that we seek to address that are, or are perceived to be, equivalent or superior to our software solutions and services. In addition, our customers’ business models may change in ways that we do not anticipate and these changes could reduce or eliminate our customers’ needs for our products and services. Our operating results depend on our ability to adapt to market changes and develop and introduce new products and services into existing and emerging markets.

The introduction of new technologies and devices could render existing products and services obsolete and unmarketable and could exert price pressures on our products and services. Our future success will depend upon our ability to address the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers by:

If we are unable to keep our supply of skills and resources in balance with client demand around the world and attract, motivate and retain professionals with strong leadership skills, our business, the utilization rate of our professionals and our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

Our success is dependent, in large part, on our ability to keep our supply of market-leading skills and capabilities in balance with client demand around the world and our ability to attract and retain personnel with the knowledge and skills to lead our business globally. We must hire or reskill, retain and motivate appropriate numbers of talented people with diverse skills in order to serve clients across the globe, respond quickly to rapid and ongoing changes in demand, technology, industry and the macroeconomic environment, and continuously innovate to grow our business. For example, if we are unable to hire or retrain our employees to keep pace with the rapid and continuous changes in technology and the industries we serve, we may not be able to innovate and deliver new services and solutions to fulfill client demand. There is competition for scarce talent with market-leading skills and capabilities in new technologies, and our competitors have directly targeted our employees with these highly sought-after skills and will likely continue to do so. As a result, we may be unable to cost effectively hire and retain employees with these market-leading skills, which may cause us to incur increased costs, or be unable to fulfill client demand for our services and solutions.

We are particularly dependent on retaining members of our leadership with critical capabilities. If we are unable to do so, our ability to innovate, generate new business opportunities and effectively lead large and complex transformations and client relationships could be jeopardized. We depend on identifying, developing and retaining top talent to innovate and lead our businesses. This includes developing talent and leadership capabilities. Our ability to expand in the markets we operate depends, in large part, on our ability to attract, develop, retain and integrate both leaders for the local business and people with critical capabilities.

Similarly, our profitability depends on our ability to effectively source and staff people with the right mix of skills and experience to perform services for our clients, including our ability to transition employees to new assignments on a timely basis. The costs associated with recruiting and training employees are significant. If we are unable to effectively deploy our employees globally and remotely on a timely basis to fulfill the needs of our clients, our profitability could suffer. If our utilization rate is too low, our profitability and the engagement of our employees could suffer. If the utilization rate of our professionals is too high, it could have an adverse effect on employee engagement and attrition, the quality of the work performed as well as our ability to staff projects.

Our incentive compensation plans are designed to reward high-performing individuals for their contributions and provide incentives for them to remain with us. If the anticipated value of such incentives does not materialize or if our total compensation package is not viewed as being competitive, our ability to attract and retain the personnel we need could be adversely affected.

There is a risk that at certain points in time, we may have more personnel than we need in certain skill sets or at compensation levels that are not aligned with skill sets. In these situations, we have engaged, and may in the future engage, in actions to rebalance our resources, including reducing the rate of new hires and increasing involuntary terminations as a means to keep our supply of skills and resources in balance with client demand. At certain times, we will find it difficult to hire and retain a sufficient number of employees with the skills or backgrounds to meet current and/or future demand. In these cases, we might need to redeploy existing personnel or increase our reliance on subcontractors to fill certain labor needs, and if not done effectively, our profitability could be negatively impacted. Additionally, as demand for our services and solutions has escalated at a high rate, to hire and retain people with the skills necessary to meet demand we have and may continue to adjust compensation, which puts upward pressure on our costs and may adversely affect our profitability if we are unable to recover these increased costs. If we are not successful in these initiatives, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Moreover, our research and development, product delivery, and general and administrative, activities are conducted at locations where the competition for skilled professionals is particularly intense. While there historically has been strong competition for qualified human resources in the high-tech industry, it has experienced record growth and activity over the last few years. This flurry of growth and activity caused a sharp increase in job openings in both high-tech companies and research and development centers, as well as the intensification of competition between employers to attract qualified employees. Employee attrition— for all fields and professions, and for all levels of management—accompanied this strong competition, and high-tech companies such as ours that are based in Israel and other jurisdictions have recently faced a severe shortage of skilled human capital, including engineering, research and development, sales and customer support personnel.

While the foregoing trend has moderated over the last one to two years, if, going forward, we are unable to hire or retain qualified personnel we may be unable to meet the needs of our customers. Even if we succeed at retaining the necessary skilled personnel, our investments in our personnel may increase our costs of operations and thereby reduce our profitability, unless accompanied by increased revenues. As a result of the intense competition for qualified human resources, the high-tech market in which we operate has experienced and may continue to experience significant wage inflation. Accordingly, our efforts to attract, retain and develop personnel may also result in significant additional expenses, which could adversely affect our profitability. Given the highly competitive industry in which we operate and its continued evolution, we may not succeed in increasing our revenues in line with our increasing investments in our personnel and research and development efforts.

Failure to manage our growth— both organic and non-organic—could effectively harm our business.

In recent years, we experienced, and expect to continue to experience growth in our operations that has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our operational and financial resources and on our personnel. To manage our anticipated future growth effectively, we must maintain and may need to enhance our information technology infrastructure, financial and accounting systems and controls and manage expanded operations and employees in geographically diverse locations. We also must attract, train and retain a significant number of additional qualified sales and marketing personnel, professional services personnel, and management personnel. Our failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our growth could require significant capital expenditures and may divert financial resources from other projects, such as the development of new services or product enhancements. For example, it may take as long as three to six months to hire and train a new member of our professional services staff. We make decisions regarding the size of our professional services staff based upon our expectations with respect to customer demand for our products and services. If these expectations are incorrect, and we increase the size of our professional services organization without experiencing an increase in sales of our products and services, we will experience reductions in our gross and operating margins and net income. If we are unable to effectively manage our growth, our expenses may increase more than expected, our revenues could decline or grow more slowly than expected and we may be unable to implement our business strategy. Our growth may also be accompanied by greater exposure to litigation, including suits by clients, vendors, employees or former employees, as the sizes of our workforce and our overall international operations increase. All such litigation carries with it related costs and could divert management’s attention from ongoing business concerns.

We may be required to increase or decrease the scope of our operations in response to changes in the demand for our products and services, and if we fail to successfully plan and manage changes in the size of our operations, our business will suffer.

In recent past years, we have both grown and contracted our operations, in some cases rapidly, to profitably offer our software solutions and services in a continuously changing market. If we are unable to manage these changes, or to plan and manage any future changes in the size and scope of our operations, our business may be negatively impacted.

Restructurings and cost reduction measures that we have implemented in the past as during the second half of 2023 have reduced the size of our operations and workforce. Reductions in personnel can result in significant severance, administrative and legal expenses, and may also adversely affect or delay various sales, marketing and product development programs and activities. These cost reduction measures have included and may in the future include employee separation costs and consolidating and/or relocating certain of our operations to different geographic locations.

During periods of expansion, we may need to serve several new customers or implement new large-scale projects in short periods of time. This may require us to attract and train additional IT professionals at a rapid rate, as well as quickly expand our facilities, which may be difficult to successfully implement.

If existing customers are not satisfied with our solutions and services and either do not make subsequent purchases from us or do not continue using such solutions and services, or if our relationships with our largest customers are impaired, our revenue could be negatively affected.

We depend heavily on repeated software and services revenues from our base of existing clients. Two of our largest clients accounted together for 20.6% and 16.8% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively and five of our largest clients accounted for 26.4% and 22.9% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Our ability to attract and retain clients depends to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation for high quality solutions, professional services and integrity. As a result, if a customer is not satisfied with our services or solutions, including those of subcontractors we engage, our reputation may be damaged. Our failure to meet these goals or a customer’s expectations may result in a less profitable or an unprofitable engagement. Moreover, if we fail to meet our customers’ expectations, we may lose customers and be subject to legal liability, particularly if such failure adversely affects our customers’ businesses. Accordingly, In accordance, a significant decline in our revenue stream from existing clients, including due to termination of agreement(s), would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, in 2023, one of our largest revenue generating clients, without advance notice, and due to reasons unrelated to our services, suspended significant parts of its active time and material based services with us.

In addition, a portion of our projects may be considered critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses. Our exposure to legal liability may be increased in the case of contracts in which we become more involved in our customers’ operations. While we typically strive to include provisions designed to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services and the solutions we develop, these provisions may not adequately protect us or may not be enforceable in all cases. The general liability insurance coverage that we maintain, including coverage for errors and omissions, is subject to important exclusions and limitations. We cannot be certain that this coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. A successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage or changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our profitability.

We enter from time to time into fixed-price contracts that could subject us to losses in the event we fail to properly estimate our costs.

We enter from time to time into firm fixed-price contracts where our delivery requirements sometimes span more than one year. Because certain of these contracts may involve new technologies and applications, unforeseen events, such as technological difficulties and other cost overruns, can result in the contract pricing becoming less favorable or even unprofitable to us and have an adverse impact on our financial results. Furthermore, we sometimes are dependent on the assistance of third-parties in implementing such projects, and such assistance may not be provided in a timely manner. Similarly, delays in the implementation of our projects (whether fixed price or not) may affect our revenue and cause our operating results to vary widely. Payment terms are generally based on periodic payments or on the achievement of milestones. Any delays in payment or in the achievement of milestones may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.If our overall cost-to-completion of a project significantly exceeds estimated costs, we could experience a loss on the related contract, which (when multiplied by multiple projects) could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow.

For non-fixed price contracts, we generally provide our customers with up-front estimates regarding the duration, budget and costs associated with the implementation of our services. However, we may not meet those upfront estimates and/or the expectations of our customers, which could lead to a dispute with a client.

We face intense competition in the markets in which we operate and we might not be able to compete effectively. This could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The markets in which we offer our services and solutions are highly competitive. Our competitors include:

Some of our existing and potential competitors are larger companies, have greater financial, marketing or other resources than we do and, therefore, may be better able to compete for new work and skilled professionals, may be able to innovate and provide new services and solutions faster than we can or may be able to anticipate the need for services and solutions before we do. Some of our competitors may also team together to create competing offerings. Even if we have potential offerings that address client needs, competitors may be more successful at selling similar services they offer, including to companies that are our clients. Some competitors may be more established in certain markets and may make executing our growth strategy to expand in these markets more challenging. Additionally, competitors may also offer more aggressive contractual terms, which may affect our ability to win work. Our future performance is largely dependent on our ability to compete successfully and expand in the markets we currently serve. If we are unable to compete successfully, we could lose clients to competitors, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, we may face greater competition due to consolidation of companies in the technology sector through strategic mergers, acquisitions or teaming arrangements. Consolidation activity may result in new competitors with greater scale, a broader footprint or offerings that are more attractive than ours. The technology companies described above, including many of our alliance partners, are increasingly able to offer services related to their software, platform, cloud migration and other solutions, or are developing software, platform, cloud migration and other solutions that require integration services to a lesser extent. These more integrated services and solutions may represent more attractive alternatives to clients than some of our services and solutions, which may materially adversely affect our competitive position and our results of operations. 

Unfavorable national and global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Global macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions affect our clients’ businesses and the markets they serve. During periods of slowing economic activity, our customers may reduce their demand for our products, technology and professional services, which would reduce our sales, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Economic challenges may develop, including threatened sovereign defaults, credit downgrades, restricted credit for businesses and consumers and potentially falling demand for a variety of products and services. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, could result in longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition for our products and services. We could also be exposed to credit risk and payment delinquencies on our accounts receivable, which are not covered by collateral.

In particular, there is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations, and tariffs. For example, the recent imposition of tariffs and/or changes in tariffs on various products by the U.S. and other countries, including China and Canada, have introduced greater uncertainty with respect to trade policies and government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries.

Major developments in trade relations, including the imposition of new or increased tariffs by the U.S. and/or other countries, and any emerging nationalist trends in specific countries could alter the trade environment and consumer purchasing behavior which, in turn, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If such actions impacting our international distribution and sales channels result in increased costs for us or our international partners, such changes could result in higher costs to us, adversely affecting our operations, particularly as we expand our international presence.

In response to the to the invasion of the Ukraine by Russia in February 2022, the U.S. and other countries have imposed various sanctions against Russia  including restrictions on selling or importing goods, services or technology in or from affected regions and travel bans and asset freezes impacting connected individuals and political, military, business and financial organizations in Russia. The U.S. and other countries could impose wider sanctions and take other actions. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of this conflict, which could include further sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts in the Middle East and worldwide and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates and financial markets, all of which could impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the United States, Europe or Asia or other key markets, remain uncertain or weaken, our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We are exposed to economic and market conditions that impact the communications industry.

We provide packaged software and software services to service providers in the telecom industry, and our business may therefore be highly dependent upon conditions in that industry. Developments in the telecom industry, such as the impact of global economic conditions, industry consolidation, emergence of new competitors, commoditization of voice, video and data services and changes in the regulatory environment, at times have had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on our existing or potential customers. In the past, these conditions reduced the high growth rates that the communications industry had previously experienced and caused the market value, financial results and prospects and capital spending levels of many telecom companies to decline or degrade. Industry consolidation involving our customers may place us at risk of losing business to the incumbent provider to one of the parties to the consolidation or to new competitors. During previous economic downturns, the telecom industry experienced significant financial pressures that caused many in the industry to cut expenses and limit investment in capital intensive projects and, in some cases, led to restructurings and bankruptcies. Continuing uncertainty as to economic recovery in recent years may have adverse consequences for our customers and our business.

We are impacted by inflationary increases in wages, benefits and other costs. In all countries in which we operate, wage and benefit inflation, whether driven by competition for talent, or ordinary course pay increases and other inflationary pressure, may increase our cost of providing services and reduce our profitability. Furthermore, as a result of our global operations, wage increases in emerging markets may increase at a faster rate than wages in developed markets, which increases our exposure to inflation risks. If we are not able to pass increased wage and other costs resulting from inflation onto our clients our profitability may decline.

Downturns in the business climate for telecom companies have previously resulted in slower customer buying decisions and price pressures that adversely affected our ability to generate revenue. Adverse market conditions may have a negative impact on our business by decreasing our new customer engagements and the size of initial spending commitments under those engagements, as well as decreasing the level of discretionary spending by existing customers. In addition, a slowdown in buying decisions may extend our sales cycle period and may limit our ability to forecast our flow of new contracts. If such adverse business conditions arise in the future, our business may be harmed.

As some of our revenues are derived from the Israeli government sector, a reduction of government spending in Israel on IT services may reduce our revenues and profitability; and any delay in the annual budget approval process may negatively impact our cash flows.

We perform work for a wide range of Israeli governmental agencies and related subcontractors. Any reduction in total Israeli government spending or elimination for political or economic reasons (that could happen for example as a result of the “Iron Sword War” (Israel’s retaliatory war against the terrorist group Hamas in Gaza) or political instability, or cuts in Israel’s future state budget, or a pandemic, like it previously happened with COVID-19) may reduce our revenues and profitability. In addition, the Government of Israel has experienced significant delays in the approval of its annual budget in recent years. Such delays in the future could negatively affect our cash flows by delaying the receipt of payments from the government of Israel for services performed.

The increasing amount of intangible assets and goodwill recorded on our balance sheet may lead to significant impairment charges in the future.

The amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets on our consolidated statements of financial position has increased significantly over the last five years from approximately $136 million as of December 31, 2018 to $217 million as of December 31, 2023 because of our acquisitions and may increase further following future acquisitions. We regularly review our long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, for impairment. Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are subject to impairment review at least annually. Other long-lived assets are reviewed when there is an indication that impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing under IFRS, subject to downturns in our operating results and financial condition, may lead to impairment charges in the future. Any significant impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

Changes in the ratio of our revenues generated from different revenue elements may adversely affect our gross profit margins.

We derive our revenues from the sale of software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support as well as from other IT professional services. In recent years the decline in our gross margin was mainly affected by the change in proportion of our revenues generated from the sale of each of those elements of our revenues. Our revenues from the sale of our software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support have significantly higher gross margins than our revenues from IT professional and outsourcing services. Our software licenses revenues also include the sale of third-party software licenses, which have a lower gross margin than sales of our proprietary software products. Any increase in the portion of third-party software license sales out of total license sales will decrease our gross profit margin. If the relative proportion of our revenues from the sale of IT professional services continues to increase as a percentage of our total revenues, our gross profit margins may continue to decline in the future.

We may encounter difficulties with our international operations and sales that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

While our principal executive offices are located in Israel, 62%, 64% and 60% of our sales in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, were generated in other regions and countries including, but not limited to the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific, India, and Africa. Our success in becoming a stronger competitor in the sale of professional services, development application platforms, integration solutions and packaged software solutions is dependent upon our ability to increase our sales in all our markets. Our efforts to increase our penetration into these markets are subject to risks inherent to such markets, including the high cost of doing business in such locations. Our efforts may be costly and they may not result in profits, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our current international operation and our plans to further expand our international operations subjects us to many risks inherent to international business activities, including:

As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, largely, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. Any of these risks could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales, adversely affecting our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Our international operations expose us to risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates that have in recent past adversely affected and could once again adversely affect our business.

Our financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, our functional currency. However, in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, approximately 47%, 46% and 53% of our revenues, respectively, were derived from sales outside the United States, particularly, Israel, Europe, Japan and Asia-Pacific, and Africa. We also maintain substantial non-U.S. dollar balances of assets, including cash and accounts receivable, and liabilities, including accounts payable and debts to banks and financial institutions. Similarly, a significant portion of our expenses, primarily salaries, related personnel expenses, subcontractors expenses, interest expenses and the leases of our offices and related administrative expenses, were incurred outside the United States. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the currencies in which we do business relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily NIS, Euros and Japanese yen, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, by decreasing the U.S. dollar value of assets held in other currencies and increasing the U.S. dollar amount of liabilities payable in other currencies, or by decreasing the U.S. dollar value of our revenues in other currencies and increasing the U.S. dollar amount of our expenses in other currencies. In 2023 and in 2022, the NIS and Japanese yen depreciated relative to the US dollar by 9.7% and 6.9%, respectively and 4% and 19.7%, respectively (based on the average exchange rates over the course of 2023 as compared to 2022 and 2022 as compared to 2021, respectively), thereby decreasing the US dollar value of the revenues that we generated in those other currencies and having a negative impact on our revenues and on our results of operations. However, in 2021, the NIS appreciated relative to the US dollar by 6% which had positive impact on our revenues and on our results of operations. A continued trend of depreciation of such currencies relative to the US dollar in future periods would have a similar adverse impact.

Even if we use derivatives or engage in any currency-hedging transactions intended to reduce the effect of fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates on our financial position and results of operations, there can be no assurance that any such hedging transactions will materially reduce the effect of fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates on such results. In addition, if for any reason exchange or price controls or other restrictions on the conversion of foreign currencies were imposed, our financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Breaches of network or information technology security, natural disasters or terrorist attacks could have an adverse effect on our business.

Cyber-attacks or other breaches of network or IT security, natural disasters, terrorist acts or acts of war may cause equipment failures or disrupt our systems and operations. We may be subject to attempts to breach the security of our networks and IT infrastructure through cyber-attacks, malware, computer viruses and other means of unauthorized access, which could also impact the operation of our products and services. The potential liabilities associated with these events could exceed the insurance coverage we maintain. Our inability to operate our facilities as a result of such events, even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses or loss of market share to other competitors. In addition, a failure to protect the privacy of customer and employee confidential data against breaches of network or IT security could result in damage to our reputation. From time to time we experience cyber-attacks and other security incidents of varying degrees (such as phishing attempts), none of which have had a material adverse effect on our business or operations to date. However, we could incur significant costs in order to investigate and respond to future attacks, to respond to evolving regulatory oversight requirements, to upgrade our cybersecurity systems and controls, and to remediate security compromise or damage. In response to past threats and attacks, we have implemented further controls and planned preventative actions to further strengthen our systems against future attacks. We also have in place disclosure controls that require the reporting of a cyber-attack internally, which help to ensure that our senior management team has relevant information concerning such an attack in a timely manner upon its discovery. However, such measures do not provide absolute security, that we will be able to react in a timely manner, or that our remediation efforts following past or future attacks will be successful.

Outside parties have in the past, and may in the future, attempt to fraudulently induce our employees to disclose sensitive, personal or confidential information via illegal electronic spamming, phishing or other tactics. This existing risk is compounded in the aftermath of the intense period of the COVID-19 pandemic, as we have implemented in our offices a hybrid model where a large portion of our workforce spend a portion of their time working in our offices and a portion of their time working from home. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain physical access to our facilities to infiltrate our information systems or attempt to gain access to our products, services, or information systems for the purpose of exfiltrating content and data. These actual and potential breaches of our security measures and the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unauthorized dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive, personal or confidential data about us, our employees or our customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us, our employees or our customers to a risk of loss or misuse of this information. This may result in litigation and liability or fines, our compliance with costly and time-intensive notice requirements, governmental inquiry or oversight or a loss of customer confidence, any of which could harm our business or damage our brand and reputation, thereby requiring time and resources to mitigate these impacts.

We have invested in advanced detection, prevention and proactive systems to reduce these risks. Based on independent audits, we believe that our level of protection is in keeping with the industry standards of peer technology companies. We also maintain a disaster recovery solution, as a means of assuring that a breach or cyber- attack does not necessarily cause the loss of our information. We furthermore review our protections and remedial measures periodically in order to ensure that they are adequate. We devote resources to address security vulnerabilities through enhancing security and reliability features in our systems, code hardening, conducting rigorous penetration tests, deploying updates to address security vulnerabilities, providing resources such as mandatory security training for our workforce and improving our incident response time, but security vulnerabilities cannot be totally eliminated. The cost of these steps could reduce our operating margins.

Despite these protective systems and remedial measures, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access are constantly changing, are becoming increasingly more sophisticated and often are not recognized until after an exploitation of information has occurred. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement sufficient preventative measures, and we therefore cannot assure you that our preventative measures will be successful in preventing compromise and/or disruption of our information technology systems and related data. We furthermore cannot be certain that our remedial measures will fully mitigate the adverse financial consequences of any cyber-attack or incident. If we do not make a sufficient level of investment in our technology systems or if our systems become out-of-date or obsolete and we are not able to deliver the quality of data security that meet our independent security control certification requirements, our business could be adversely affected.

Security vulnerabilities in our software solutions could lead to reduced revenue or to liability claims.

Maintaining the security of the software solutions and related services that we offer is a critical issue for us and our customers. Security researchers, criminal hackers and other third parties regularly develop new techniques to penetrate our customers’ end points, information systems and network security measures. Cyber threats are constantly evolving and becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex, making it increasingly difficult to detect and successfully defend against them. Unauthorized parties have, in the past, infiltrated our internal IT systems, gaining access to certain proprietary information. If they were to similarly breach the security related to, and misuse, software solutions that we offer, they might access the authentication, payment and personal information of our customers. In addition, cyber-attackers (which may include individuals or groups, as well as sophisticated groups such as nation-state and state-sponsored attackers, who can deploy significant resources to plan and carry out exploits) also develop and deploy viruses, worms, credential stuffing attack tools and other malicious software programs, some of which may be specifically designed to attack the solutions and services that we offer.

Software and operating system applications that we develop have contained and may contain defects in design or manufacture, including bugs, vulnerabilities and other problems that could unexpectedly compromise the security of the software or impair a customer’s ability to operate or use our solutions. The costs to prevent, eliminate, mitigate, or alleviate cyber-attacks or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities are significant, and our efforts to address these problems, including notifying affected parties, may not be successful or may be delayed and could result in interruptions, delays, cessation of service and loss of existing or potential customers. It is impossible to predict the extent, frequency or impact these problems may have on us.

Actual and potential breaches of our security measures and the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unauthorized dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive, personal or confidential data about our customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose our customers to a risk of loss or misuse of this information. This may result in litigation and liability or fines, our compliance with costly and time-intensive notice requirements, governmental inquiry or oversight or a loss of customer confidence, any of which could harm our business or damage our brand and reputation, thereby requiring time and resources to mitigate these impacts.

From time to time we have identified, and in the future we may identify other, vulnerabilities in some of our solutions and services. We devote significant resources to address security vulnerabilities through engineering more secure solutions, enhancing security and reliability features in our solutions and services, code hardening, conducting rigorous penetration tests, deploying updates to address security vulnerabilities, regularly reviewing our solutions’ security controls, reviewing and auditing our solutions against independent security control frameworks (such as ISO 27001, SOC 2), providing resources such as security training for our customers’ workforces and improving our incident response time, but security vulnerabilities cannot be totally eliminated. The cost of these steps could reduce our operating margins, and we may be unable to implement these measures quickly enough to prevent cyber-attackers from gaining unauthorized access into our solutions. Despite our preventative efforts, actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our solutions may harm our reputation or lead to claims against us (and have in the past led to such claims) and could lead some customers to stop using certain systems or services, to reduce or delay future purchases of solutions or services, or to use competing solutions or services. If we do not make the appropriate level of investment in our solutions or if our solutions become out-of-date or obsolete and we are not able to deliver the quality of data security our customers require, our business could be adversely affected. Customers may also adopt security measures designed to protect their existing computer systems from attack, which could delay their adoption of our new solutions. Moreover, delayed sales, lower margins or lost customers resulting from disruptions caused by cyber-attacks and implementation of preventative measures could adversely affect our financial results, share price and reputation. 

Changes in privacy regulations may impose additional costs and liabilities on us, limit our use of information, and adversely affect our business.

Personal privacy has become a significant issue in the United States, Europe, and many other countries where we operate. Many government agencies and industry regulators continue to impose new restrictions and modify existing requirements about the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information. Changes to laws or regulations affecting privacy and security may impose additional liability and costs on us and may limit our use of such information in providing our services to customers. If we were required to change our business activities, revise or eliminate services or products, or implement burdensome compliance measures, our business and results of operations may be harmed. Additionally, we may be subject to regulatory enforcement actions resulting in fines, penalties, and potential litigation if we fail to comply with applicable privacy laws and regulations.

In particular, our European activities are subject to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which has created additional compliance requirements for us. GDPR broadens the scope of personal privacy laws to protect the rights of European Union citizens and requires organizations to report on data breaches within 72 hours and be bound by more stringent rules for obtaining the consent of individuals on how their data can be used. GDPR became enforceable on May 25, 2018 and non-compliance may expose entities such as our company to significant fines or other regulatory claims. In the United States, the privacy regulations to which we may be subject include those promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, state regulators and regulator enforcement positions and expectations. At the state level, all states have implemented security breach notification laws. Many states have adopted issue-specific laws pertaining to the use of GPS and biometrics, among other technologies. Additionally, several states, including California, Virginia, Maryland and Utah, have enacted laws creating new individual privacy rights for consumers (as that word is broadly defined in each law) and placing increased privacy and security obligations on entities handling personal data of consumers or households. In California, we are subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA. The CCPA imposes enhanced disclosure requirements for us regarding our interactions with customers who are residents of California, such as comprehensive privacy notices for consumers when we, or our agents, collect their personal information. We are further required to ensure third-party compliance, as under the CCPA we could be liable if third parties that collect, process or retain personal information on our behalf violate the CCPA’s privacy requirements. The sanctions for non-compliance include fines and/or civil lawsuits. Other U.S. states, including Colorado, Virginia, Utah, Texas and Connecticut, have enacted similar - but not identical - laws, which either are or will go into effect.

Any failure or perceived failure (including as a result of deficiencies in our policies, procedures or measures relating to privacy, data protection, marketing or client communications) by us to comply with laws, regulations, policies, legal or contractual obligations, industry standards or regulatory guidance relating to privacy or data security, may result in governmental investigations and enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our clients and partners to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, marketing, consumer communications and information security in the United States, the European Economic Union and other jurisdictions, and we cannot determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. While we have invested in, and intend to continue to invest in, reasonably necessary resources to comply with these standards, to the extent that we fail to adequately comply, that failure could have an adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, the application of existing laws to cloud-based solutions is particularly uncertain and cloud-based solutions may be subject to further regulation, the impact of which cannot be fully understood at this time. Moreover, these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data and privacy practices. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, this could result in an order requiring that we change our data and privacy practices, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. In addition, any new regulation, or interpretation of existing regulation, imposing greater fees or taxes on internet-based services, or restricting information exchange over the Web, could result in a decline in the use and adversely affect sales of our products and our results of operations.

Errors or defects in our software solutions could inevitably arise and would harm our profitability and our reputation with customers and could even give rise to claims against us.

The quality of our solutions, including new, modified or enhanced versions thereof, is critical to our success. Since our software solutions are complex, they may contain errors that cannot be detected at any point in their testing phase. While we continually test our solutions for errors or defects and work with customers to identify and correct them, errors in our technology may be found in the future. Testing for errors or defects is complicated because it is difficult to simulate the breadth of operating systems, user applications and computing environments that our customers use, and our solutions themselves are increasingly complex. Errors or defects in our technology have resulted in terminated work orders and could result in delayed or lost revenue, diversion of development resources and increased services, termination of work orders, damage to our brand and warranty and insurance costs in the future. In addition, time-consuming implementations may also increase the number of services personnel we must allocate to each customer, thereby increasing our costs and adversely affecting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, since our customers rely on our solutions to operate, monitor and improve the performance of their business processes, they are sensitive to potential disruptions that may be caused by the use of, or any defects in, our software. As a result, we may be subject to claims for damages related to software errors in the future. Liability claims could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or to pay significant damages. Regardless of whether we prevail, diversion of key employees’ time and attention from our business, the incurrence of substantial expenses and potential damage to our reputation might result. While the terms of our sales contracts typically limit our exposure to potential liability claims and we carry errors and omissions insurance against such claims, there can be no assurance that such insurance will continue to be available on acceptable terms, if at all, or that such insurance will provide us with adequate protection against any such claims. A significant liability claim against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. Our standard license agreement with our customers contains provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential product liability claims that may not be effective or enforceable under the laws of some jurisdictions. In addition, the professional liability insurance that we maintain may not be sufficient against potential claims. Accordingly, we could fail to realize revenues and suffer damage to our reputation as a result of, or in defense of, a substantial claim.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

The software industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the software industry own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims against us. From time to time, third parties, including certain of these leading companies, may assert patent, copyright, trademark or other intellectual property claims against us, our customers and partners, and those from whom we license technology and intellectual property.

Although we believe that our products and services do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, we cannot assure you that third parties will not assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to current or future products or services, or that any such assertions will not require us to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation or result in us being unable to use certain intellectual property. We cannot assure you that we are not infringing or otherwise violating any third-party intellectual property rights. Infringement assertions from third parties may involve patent holding companies or other patent owners who have no relevant product revenues, and therefore our own issued and pending patents may provide little or no deterrence to these patent owners in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us.

Any intellectual property infringement or misappropriation claim or assertion against us, our customers or partners, and those from whom we license technology and intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, reputation and competitive position regardless of the validity or outcome. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, whether they are with or without merit, are settled out of court, or are determined in our favor, we may be required to expend significant time and financial resources on the defense of such claims. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed on a party’s intellectual property; cease making, licensing or using our products or services that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our products or services; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or works; and to indemnify our partners, customers, and other third parties. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required or desirable, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may require significant royalty payments and other expenditures. Any of these events could seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, any lawsuits regarding intellectual property rights, regardless of their success, could be expensive to resolve and divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel.

We may be liable to our clients for damages caused by a violation of intellectual property rights, the disclosure of confidential information, including personally identifiable information, system failures, errors or unsatisfactory performance of services, and our insurance policies may not be sufficient to cover these damages.

In certain cases we have access to, and are required to collect and store, sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information. Some of our client agreements do not limit our potential liability for breaches of confidentiality, infringement indemnity and certain other matters. Furthermore, breaches of confidentiality may entitle the aggrieved party to equitable remedies, including injunctive relief. If any person, including any of our employees and subcontractors, penetrates our network security or misappropriates sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information, we could be subject to significant liability from our clients or from our clients’ customers for breaching contractual confidentiality provisions or privacy laws. Despite measures we take to protect the intellectual property and other confidential information or personally identifiable information of our clients, unauthorized parties, including our employees and subcontractors, may attempt to misappropriate certain intellectual property rights that are proprietary to our clients or otherwise breach our clients’ confidences. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client information, including personally identifiable information, or a violation of intellectual property rights, whether through employee misconduct, breach of our computer systems, systems failure or otherwise, may subject us to liabilities, damage our reputation and cause us to lose clients.

Many of our contracts involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses and provide benefits to our clients that may be difficult to quantify. Any failure in a client’s system or any breach of security could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for such failure. Furthermore, any errors by our employees in the performance of services for a client, or poor execution of such services, could result in a client terminating our engagement and seeking damages from us.

In addition, while we have taken steps to protect the confidential information that we have access to, including confidential information we may obtain through usage of our cloud-based services, our security measures may be breached. If a cyber-attack or other security incident were to result in unauthorized access to or modification of our customers’ data or our own data or our IT systems or in disruption of the services we provide to our customers, or if our software solutions or services are perceived as having security vulnerabilities, we could suffer significant damage to our business and reputation.

Although we apply measures to protect our intellectual property rights and our source code, there can be no assurance that the measures that we employ to do so will be successful.

In accordance with industry practice, since we have no registered patents on our software solution technologies, we rely on a combination of contractual provisions and intellectual property law to protect our proprietary technology. We believe that due to the dynamic nature of the computer and software industries, copyright protection is less significant than factors such as the knowledge and experience of our management and personnel, the frequency of product enhancements and the timeliness and quality of our support services. We seek to protect the source code of our products as trade secret information and as unpublished copyright works. We also rely on security and copy protection features in our proprietary software. We distribute our products under software license agreements that grant customers a personal, non-transferable license to use our products and contain terms and conditions prohibiting the unauthorized reproduction or transfer of our products. In addition, while we attempt to protect trade secrets and other proprietary information through non-disclosure agreements with employees, consultants and distributors, not all of our employees have signed invention assignment agreements. Although we intend to protect our rights vigorously, there can be no assurance that these measures will be successful. Our failure to protect our rights, or the improper use of our products by others without licensing them from us could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We and our customers rely on technology and intellectual property of third-parties, the loss of which could limit the functionality of our products and disrupt our business.

We use technology and intellectual property licensed from unaffiliated third-parties in certain of our products, and we may license additional third-party technology and intellectual property in the future. Any errors or defects in this third-party technology and intellectual property could result in errors that could harm our brand and business. In addition, licensed technology and intellectual property may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The loss of the right to license and distribute this third-party technology could limit the functionality of our products and might require us to redesign our products.

Further, although we believe that there are currently adequate replacements for the third-party technology and intellectual property we presently use and distribute, the loss of our right to use any of this technology and intellectual property could result in delays in producing or delivering affected products until equivalent technology or intellectual property is identified, licensed or otherwise procured, and integrated. Our business would be disrupted if any technology and intellectual property we license from others or functional equivalents of this software were either no longer available to us or no longer offered to us on commercially reasonable terms. In either case, we would be required either to attempt to redesign our products to function with technology and intellectual property available from other parties or to develop these components ourselves, which would result in increased costs and could result in delays in product sales and the release of new product offerings. Alternatively, we might be forced to limit the features available in affected products. Any of these results could harm our business and impact our results of operations.

We could be required to provide the source code of our products to our customers.

Some of our customers have the right to require the source code of our products to be deposited into a source code escrow. Under certain circumstances, our source code could be released to our customers. The conditions triggering the release of our source code vary by customer. A release of our source code would give our customers access to our trade secrets and other proprietary and confidential information that could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. A few of our customers have the right to use the source code of some of our products based on the license agreements signed with such clients (mostly with respect to older versions of our solutions), although such use is limited for specific matters and cases, these clients are exposed to some of our trade secrets and other proprietary and confidential information which could harm us.

Some of our services and technologies may use “open source” software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our services or require that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses.

Some of our services and technologies may incorporate software licensed under so-called “open source” licenses, including, but not limited to, the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on origin of the software. Additionally, open source licenses typically require that source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. These open source licenses typically mandate that proprietary software, when combined in specific ways with open source software, become subject to the open source license. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software.

We take steps to ensure that our proprietary software is not combined with, and does not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require our proprietary software to be subject to an open source license. However, few courts have interpreted open source licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to some uncertainty. Additionally, we rely on multiple software programmers to design our proprietary technologies, and although we take steps to prevent our programmers from including open source software in the technologies and software code that they design, write and modify, we do not exercise complete control over the development efforts of our programmers and we cannot be certain that our programmers have not incorporated open source software into our proprietary products and technologies or that they will not do so in the future. In the event that portions of our proprietary technology are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our services and technologies and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

Under applicable employment laws, we may not be able to enforce covenants not to compete and therefore may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of some of our former employees.

We generally enter into non-competition agreements with our employees. These agreements prohibit our employees from competing directly with us or working for our competitors or clients for a limited period after they cease working for us. We may be unable to enforce these agreements under the laws of the jurisdictions in which our employees work and it may be difficult for us to restrict our competitors from benefiting from the expertise that our former employees or consultants developed while working for us. For example, Israeli courts have required employers seeking to enforce non-compete undertakings of a former employee to demonstrate that the competitive activities of the former employee will harm one of a limited number of material interests of the employer that have been recognized by the courts, such as the secrecy of a company’s confidential commercial information or the protection of its intellectual property. If we cannot demonstrate that such interests will be harmed, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of our former employees or consultants and our ability to remain competitive may be diminished.

Our business may be materially affected by changes to fiscal and tax policies. Potentially negative or unexpected tax consequences of these policies, or the uncertainty surrounding their potential effects, could adversely affect our results of operations and share price.

As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes, withholding taxes and indirect taxes in numerous jurisdictions worldwide. Significant judgment and management attention and resources are required in evaluating our tax positions and our worldwide provision for taxes. In the ordinary course of business, there are many activities and transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. In addition, our tax obligations and effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in the relevant tax, accounting, and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations. This may include recognizing tax losses or lower than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory rates, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, or changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities.

We may be audited in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional taxes against us. If we experience unfavorable results from one or more such tax audits, there could be an adverse effect on our tax rate and therefore on our net income. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of any tax audits or litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or cash flows in the period or periods for which a determination is made. Additionally, we are subject to transfer pricing rules and regulations, including those relating to the flow of funds between us and our affiliates, which are designed to ensure that appropriate levels of income are reported in each jurisdiction in which we operate.

Certain of our credit facility agreements with banks and other financial institutions are subject to a number of restrictive covenants that, if breached, could result in acceleration of our obligation to repay our debt.

In the context of our engagements with banks and other financial institutions for receiving various credit facilities, we have undertaken to maintain a number of conditions and limitations on the manner in which we can operate our business, including a negative pledge and limitations on our ability to distribute dividends. These credit facilities agreements also contain various financial covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios related to shareholders’ equity, total rate of financial liabilities and minimum outstanding balance of total cash and short-term investments. These limitations and covenants may force us to pursue less than optimal business strategies or forego business arrangements that could have been financially advantageous to us and, by extension, to our shareholders. A breach of the restrictive covenants could result in the acceleration of our obligations to repay our debt. As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our financial covenants to banks and other financial institutions. See Note 10 and Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on liabilities to banks and other financial institutions.

Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, lenders, customers and other market participants with respect to our Environmental, Social and Governance, or ESG, policies may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks.

Companies across all industries are facing increasing scrutiny relating to their ESG policies. Investors, lenders and other market participants are increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. The increased focus and activism related to ESG may hinder our access to capital, as investors and lenders may reconsider their capital investment allocation as a result of their assessment of our ESG practices. If we do not adapt to or comply with investor, lender or other industry shareholder expectations and standards, which are evolving, or if we are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, we may suffer from reputational damage and the business, financial condition and the price of our company’s shares could be materially and adversely affected.

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Sections 302 and 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the reliability of our financial statements may be questioned and our share price may suffer.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes certain duties on us and on our executives and directors. To comply with this statute, we are required to document and test our internal control over financial reporting, and our independent registered public accounting firm must issue an attestation report on our internal control procedures, and our management is required to assess and issue a report concerning our internal control over financial reporting. Our efforts to comply with these requirements have resulted in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention, and we expect these efforts to require the continued commitment of significant resources.

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 with respect to not retaining complete documentation as evidence for performing certain (i) business processes controls (including automated and IT-dependent manual) (ii) sufficiently precise management review controls and (iii) evidence to demonstrate completeness and accuracy of information prepared by entity (“IPE”).

We are in the process of remediating these deficiencies. As we continue to implement our remediation plan, we may decide to take additional further measures to address the material weakness or adjust the remediation steps accordingly. We will continue testing and evaluating the implementation of internal controls and revised processes to ensure whether they are designed and operating effectively to provide reasonable assurance that they will prevent or detect a material error in our financial statements.

We believe that upon completion of all these actions, the material weakness will be fully remediated. However, the material weakness will not be considered remediated, until all applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that controls are operating effectively. 

We may in the future identify additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our assessments of our internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities, and could adversely affect our operating results, investor confidence in our reported financial information and the market price of our ordinary shares.

Risks Related to an Investment in Our Ordinary Shares

Our Ordinary Shares are traded on more than one market and this may result in price variations.

Our Ordinary Shares are traded primarily on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and on the TASE. Trading of our Ordinary Shares on these markets is made in different currencies (U.S. dollars on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and NIS on the TASE) and at different times (resulting from different time zones, different trading days and different public holidays in the United States and Israel). Consequently, the trading prices of our Ordinary Shares on these two markets may differ. Any decrease in the trading price of our Ordinary Shares on one of these markets could cause a decrease in the trading price of our Ordinary Shares on the other market.

There is a relatively limited trading volume for our shares, which reduces liquidity for our shareholders, and may cause the share price to be volatile, all of which may lead to losses by investors. 

There has historically been limited trading volume in our Ordinary Shares, both on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the TASE, which results in reduced liquidity for our shareholders. As a further result of the historically limited volume, our Ordinary Shares have experienced significant market price volatility in the past as in 2023 and may experience significant market price and volume fluctuations in the future, in response to factors such as announcements of developments related to our business, announcements by competitors, quarterly fluctuations in our financial results and general conditions in the industry in which we compete.

We are a foreign private issuer under the rules and regulations of the SEC and are therefore exempt from a number of rules under the Exchange Act and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than a domestic U.S. reporting company, which reduces the level and amount of disclosure that you receive.

As a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act, including the proxy rules, which impose certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations. Moreover, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic U.S. companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act; and are not required to comply with Regulation FD, which imposes certain restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules under the Exchange Act with respect to their purchases and sales of our Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, you receive less information about our company than you would receive about a domestic U.S. company, and are afforded less protection under the U.S. federal securities laws than you would be afforded in holding securities of a domestic U.S. company.

As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules. Among other things, as a foreign private issuer we may also follow home country practice with regard to, the composition of the board of directors, director nomination procedure, compensation of officers and quorum at shareholders’ meetings. In addition, we may follow our home country law, instead of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules, which require that we obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events, such as for the establishment or amendment of certain equity based compensation plans, an issuance that will result in a change of control of the company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the company and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company. Accordingly, our shareholders may not be afforded the same protection as provided under NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules. In addition, as foreign private issuer, we are not required to file quarterly reviewed financial statements. A foreign private issuer that elects to follow a home country practice instead of such requirements must submit to NASDAQ in advance a written statement from an independent counsel in such issuer’s home country certifying that the issuer’s practices are not prohibited by the home country’s laws. In addition, a foreign private issuer must disclose in its annual reports filed with the SEC each such requirement that it does not follow and describe the home country practice followed by the issuer instead of any such requirement.

As of April 1, 2024 our controlling shareholder, Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., beneficially owns approximately 46.71% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares and therefore has a controlling influence over matters requiring shareholder approval, which could delay or prevent a change of control that may benefit our public shareholders.

Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., or Formula Systems (symbol: FORTY), an Israeli company whose shares trade on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the TASE, beneficially owned 22,933,809 or 46.71%, of our outstanding Ordinary Shares as of April 1, 2024. Asseco Poland S.A., or Asseco, a Polish company listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange, beneficially owns 25.82% of the outstanding shares of Formula Systems. Guy Bernstein, our Chief Executive Officer who is also the Chief Executive Officer of Formula Systems, owns as of April 1, 2024 approximately 11.73% of the outstanding shares of Formula Systems.

Although transactions between us and our controlling shareholders are subject to special approvals under Israeli law, Formula and Asseco may exercise their controlling influence over our operations and business strategy and use their sufficient voting power to control the outcome of various matters requiring shareholder approval. These matters may include:

This concentration of ownership of our Ordinary Shares could delay or prevent proxy contests, mergers, tender offers, open-market purchase programs or other purchases of our Ordinary Shares that might otherwise give one the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares. This concentration of ownership may also adversely affect our share price.

Our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are classified as a passive foreign investment company or as a “controlled foreign corporation”.

Generally, if for any taxable year 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of our assets (which may be measured in part by the market value of our Ordinary Shares, which is subject to change) are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we would be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. Based on our gross income and gross assets, and the nature of our business, we believe that we were not classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023. Because PFIC status is determined annually based on our income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year, it is not possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC for the taxable year ending December 31, 2024, or for any subsequent year, until we finalize our financial statements for that year. Furthermore, because the value of our gross assets is likely to be determined in large part by reference to our market capitalization, a decline in the value of our Ordinary Shares may result in our becoming a PFIC. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. Our characterization as a PFIC could result in material adverse tax consequences for U.S. investors, including: having gains realized on the sale of our Ordinary Shares treated as ordinary income, rather than a capital gain; the loss of the preferential rate applicable to dividends received on our Ordinary Shares by individuals who are U.S. holders; and having interest charges apply to distributions by us and the proceeds of share sales. Certain elections exist that may alleviate some of the adverse consequences of PFIC status and would result in an alternative treatment (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our Ordinary Shares. Prospective U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to them. Prospective U.S. investors should refer to “Item 10E. “Additional Information – Taxation” for discussion of additional U.S. income tax considerations applicable to them based on our treatment as a PFIC.

Certain U.S. holders of our Ordinary Shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if we or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are characterized as a “controlled foreign corporation,” or a CFC, under Section 957(a) of the Code. Certain changes to the CFC constructive ownership rules under Section 958(b) of the Code introduced by the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) may cause one or more of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be treated as CFCs, may also impact our CFC status, and may adversely affect United States holders of our Ordinary Shares. Generally, for U.S. shareholders that own 10% or more of the combined vote or combined value of our Ordinary Shares, this may result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences and these shareholders may be subject to certain reporting requirements with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Any such 10% U.S. shareholder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. tax consequences of acquiring, owning, or disposing of our Ordinary Shares and the impact of the TCJA, especially the changes to the rules relating to CFCs.

The enactment of legislation implementing changes in taxation of international business activities, the adoption of other corporate tax reform policies, or changes in tax legislation or policies could impact our future financial position and results of operations.

Corporate tax reform, base-erosion efforts and tax transparency continue to be high priorities in many tax jurisdictions where we have business operations. As a result, policies regarding corporate income and other taxes in numerous jurisdictions are under heightened scrutiny and tax reform legislation is being proposed or enacted in a number of jurisdictions.

In 2015, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, or the OECD, released various reports under its Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, or BEPS, action plan to reform international tax systems and prevent tax avoidance and aggressive tax planning. These actions aim to standardize and modernize global corporate tax policy, including cross-border taxes, transfer-pricing documentation rules and nexus-based tax incentive practices which in part are focused on challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy. The reports have a very broad scope including, but not limited to, neutralizing the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements, limiting base erosion involving interest deductions and other financial payments, countering harmful tax practices, preventing the granting of treaty benefits in inappropriate circumstances and imposing mandatory disclosure rules. It is the responsibility of OECD members to consider how the BEPS recommendations should be reflected in their national legislation. Many countries are beginning to implement legislation and other guidance to align their international tax rules with the OECD’s BEPS recommendations, for example, by signing up to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS, or the MLI, which currently has been signed by over 85 jurisdictions, including Israel, which signed the MLI on September 13, 2018. The MLI implements some of the measures that the BEPS initiative proposes to be transposed into existing treaties of participating states. Such measures include the inclusion in tax treaties of one, or both, of a “limitation-on-benefit”, or LOB, rule and a “principle purposes test”, or PPT, rule. The application of the LOB rule or the PPT rule could deny the availability of tax treaty benefits (such as a reduced rate of withholding tax) under tax treaties. There are likely to be significant changes in the tax legislation of various OECD jurisdictions during the period of implementation of BEPS. Such legislative initiatives may materially and adversely affect our plans to expand internationally and may negatively impact our financial condition, tax liability, results of operations and could increase our administrative efforts.

In addition, the OECD has published proposals covering a number of issues, including country-by-country reporting, permanent establishment rules, transfer pricing rules, tax treaties and taxation of the digital economy. Future tax reform resulting from this development may result in changes to long-standing tax principles, which could adversely affect our effective tax rate or result in higher cash tax liabilities, to the extent those changes are deemed applicable to us.

We have a history of quarterly fluctuations in our results of operations and expect these fluctuations to continue.

We have experienced, and in the future may continue to experience, significant fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations. Factors that may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations include:

Our customers ordinarily require the delivery of our license software solutions promptly after we accept their orders. With the exception of contracts for services and packaged software solution projects, which normally would extend between nine to eighteen months, we usually do not have a backlog of orders for our products. Consequently, revenues from our products in any quarter depend on orders received and products provided by us and accepted by the customers in that quarter. A deferral in the placement and acceptance of any large order from one quarter to another or from one year to another could adversely affect our results of operations for the respective quarter or year. Our customers sometimes require an acceptance test for services and packaged software solutions projects we provide and as a result, we may have a significant backlog of orders arising from those services and projects. Our revenues from services depend on orders received and services provided by us and accepted by our customers in that quarter. If sales in any quarter or year do not increase correspondingly or if we do not reduce our expenses in response to level or declining revenues in a timely fashion, our financial results for that period may be adversely affected. For these reasons, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and you should not rely on the results of our operations in any particular quarter as an indication of future performance.

Risks Related to Our Location in Israel

Political and economic conditions in Israel, including the ongoing war and hostilities between Israel and Hamas Terror Organization, and Israel and the Hezbollah Terror Organization in Lebanon, may limit our ability to sell our products. This could have a material adverse effect on our operations and business condition, harm our results of operations and adversely affect our share price.

We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, where we also maintain our headquarters and most of our research and development facilities. As a result, political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel directly influence us. Any major hostilities involving Israel, a full or partial mobilization of the reserve forces of the Israeli army, the interruption or curtailment of trade or air traffic between Israel and its trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In October 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza Strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on the Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel’s border with the Gaza Strip and in other areas within the State of Israel. These attacks resulted in extensive deaths, injuries and kidnapping of civilians and soldiers. Following the attacks, Israel’s security cabinet declared war against Hamas and a military campaign against these terrorist organizations commenced in parallel to their continued rocket and terror attacks. Since the war in Gaza with Hamas commenced, the Israel Defense Force, or the IDF, has called up more than 350,000 of its reserve forces to serve. Two management employees and 19 non-management employees are currently subject to military service in the IDF and have been called to serve. In addition, the family members of many of our Israeli team members were called to serve in the IDF. Our operations could be disrupted by a significant absence of one or more of our key employees or a significant number of other employees.

Following the attack by Hamas on Israel’s southern border, Hezbollah in Lebanon has also launched missile, rocket, and shooting attacks against Israeli military sites, troops, and Israeli towns in northern Israel. In response to these attacks, the Israeli army has carried out a number of targeted strikes on sites belonging to Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Furthermore, and more recently, Iran also initiated missiles and rocket attacks against Israeli military sites in southern Israel. As such, relations between Israel and Iran continue to be seriously strained, especially with regard to Iran’s nuclear program, and Iran’s targeted cyber-attacks against Israeli entities.

Our commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of events associated with war and terrorism. Although the Israeli government currently covers the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained or that it will sufficiently cover our potential damages. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any armed conflicts or political instability in the region could negatively affect our business conditions and harm our results of operations.

The intensity and duration of Israel’s current war against Hamas is difficult to predict, as are such war’s economic implications on our business and operations and on Israel’s economy in general.

Conflicts in North Africa and the Middle East, including in Syria which borders Israel, have resulted in continued political uncertainty and violence in the region. Efforts to improve Israel’s relationship with the Palestinian Authority have failed to result in a permanent solution, and there have been numerous periods of hostility in recent years. Such instability may affect the economy, could negatively affect business conditions and, therefore, could adversely affect our operations. Furthermore, the ongoing conflict in Yemen, particularly the Houthi rebel group’s attacks on commercial vessels in the Red Sea, presents another layer of risk. These incidents, which have led major shipping companies to avoid the area, could disrupt global trade routes and potentially impact us too. To date, these matters have not had any material effect on our business and results of operations; however, the regional security situation and worldwide perceptions of it are outside of our control and there can be no assurance that these matters will not negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future.

Even when a war or military conflict is not actively ongoing between Israel and its adversaries, unstable security, economic and political conditions in Israel may adversely affect our business. Israel’s economic standing may be hurt by downgrades in its credit rating by rating agencies (such as the recent downgrade by both Moody’s and S&P Global Ratings of their credit rating of Israel, Moody’s downgraded its rating by one notch from A1 to A2, as well as downgrading of its outlook rating from “stable” to “negative” and S&P Global Ratings downgraded its rating by one notch from AA- to A+ with a negative outlook), which may indirectly adversely impact our own financial standing. Politically, there have been increased efforts by countries, activists and organizations to cause companies and consumers to boycott goods and services of Israeli companies. The January 2024 interim ruling of the International Court of Justice, or ICJ, ordering Israel, among other things, to take measures to prevent genocidal acts, prevent and punish incitement to genocide, and take steps to provide basic services and humanitarian aid to civilians in Gaza, enhanced the anti-Israeli political efforts, and it could potentially cause certain companies to terminate commercial relationships with Israel-based businesses. Political instability in Israel could also adversely affect operations of Israel-located companies such as ours.

While Israel and the United Arab Emirates signed a normalization agreement in 2020, there are a number of countries, primarily in the Middle East, as well as Malaysia and Indonesia that restrict business with Israel or Israeli companies, and we are precluded from marketing our products to these countries directly from Israel. Restrictive laws or policies directed towards Israel or Israeli businesses may have an adverse impact on our operations, our financial results or the expansion of our business. In addition, there have been increased efforts by activists to cause companies and consumers to boycott Israeli goods. Such actions, particularly if they become more widespread, may adversely impact our ability to sell our products.

Furthermore, prior to October 2023, the Israeli government was pursuing extensive changes to Israel’s judicial system. Actual or perceived instability with respect to the current public dispute over changes to the Israeli legal systems or the impact thereof, may individually or in the aggregate adversely affect the Israeli economy and our ability to do business, financial condition, results of operations, growth prospects, and share price.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected by the obligation of our personnel to perform military service.

Many of our executive officers and employees in Israel are obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israeli Defense Forces and may be called for active duty under emergency circumstances at any time. If a military conflict or war arises, these individuals could be required to serve in the military for extended periods of time. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence for a significant period of one or more of our executive officers or key employees or a significant number of other employees due to military service. Any disruption in our operations could adversely affect our business. Since the beginning of the war in Israel on October 7, 2023 approximately 200 out of approximately 1,554 of our Israeli employees were called to active military service.

We currently have the ability to benefit from certain government tax benefits, which may be cancelled or reduced in the future.

We are currently eligible to receive certain tax benefits under programs of the Government of Israel. In order to maintain our eligibility for these tax benefits, we must continue to meet specific requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements in the future, such tax benefits may be cancelled.

Service and enforcement of legal process on us and our directors and officers may be difficult to obtain.

We are organized in Israel and some of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States. Service of process upon them may be difficult to effect within the United States. Furthermore, most of our assets and the assets of some of our executive officers are located outside the United States. Therefore, a judgment obtained against us or any of them in the United States, including one based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws may not be collectible in the United States and may not be enforced by an Israeli court. It also may be difficult to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel.

Provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or make difficult an acquisition of us, which could prevent a change of control and therefore depress the price of our shares.

Israeli corporate law regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions. Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions unappealing to us or to some of our shareholders. These provisions of Israeli corporate and tax law may have the effect of delaying, preventing or complicating a merger with, or other acquisition of, us. This could cause our Ordinary Shares to trade at prices below the price for which third parties might be willing to pay to gain control of us. Third parties who are otherwise willing to pay a premium over prevailing market prices to gain control of us may be unable or unwilling to do so because of these provisions of Israeli law.

The rights and responsibilities of our shareholders are governed by Israeli law and differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders under U.S. law.

We are organized under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of holders of our Ordinary Shares are governed by our memorandum of association, articles of association and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith in exercising his or her rights and fulfilling his or her obligations toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters. Israeli law provides that these duties are applicable in shareholder votes at the general meeting with respect to, among other things, amendments to a company’s articles of association, compensation policy, increases in a company’s authorized share capital, mergers and actions and transactions involving interests of officers, directors or other interested parties which require the shareholders’ general meeting’s approval. In addition, a controlling shareholder of an Israeli company or a shareholder who knows that he or she possesses the power to determine the outcome of a vote at a meeting of our shareholders, or who has, by virtue of the company’s articles of association, the power to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder in the company, or any other power with respect to the company, has a duty of fairness toward the company. The Israeli Companies Law does not establish criteria for determining whether or not a shareholder has acted in good faith.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History And Development Of The Company

Corporate details

Our legal and commercial name is Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. We were organized and registered in Israel on February 10, 1983 and began operations in 1986. We are a public limited liability company and operate under the provisions of the state of Israel. Our Ordinary Shares have been listed on the NASDAQ Global Stock Market (symbol: MGIC) since our initial public offering in the United States on August 16, 1991. On January 3, 2011, our shares were transferred to the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Since November 16, 2000, our Ordinary Shares have also traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, or the TASE, and since December 15, 2011, our shares have been included in the TASE TA-125 Index.

Capital Transactions since January 1, 2021

On January 1, 2021, we, through one of our Israeli subsidiaries, acquired 60% of the shares of 9540 Y.G. Soft IT Ltd. (“Soft IT”), an Israel-based services company which specializes in outsourcing of software development services for a total consideration of up to $1.1 million. We paid $0.4 million upon closing, $0.3 million was paid on July 4, 2021, and the remaining amount of $0.4 million constitutes a contingent payment depending on the future operating results of IT Soft. The fair value of the contingent consideration amounted to $0.5 million as of the acquisition date. We and Soft IT minority shareholder hold mutual call and put options for the remaining 40% interest. 

On April 1, 2021, we acquired EnableIT, LLC and its subsidiary (“EnableIT”), a U.S.-based services company, specializing in IT staffing and recruiting, for a total consideration of $6.0 million, of which $4.0 million was paid upon closing and the remaining $2.0 million was paid in two equal installments on April 1, 2022 and April 1, 2023.

Also on April 1, 2021, we acquired Menarva Ltd. (“Menarva”), an Israeli-based services company which specializes in software solutions for non-profit organizations for a total estimated consideration of up to $5.594 million, of which, $3.0 million was paid upon closing, with the remaining $2.594 million payable in two equal installments on April 1, 2022 and 2023, contingent upon the operational results of Menarva. On March 31, 2022, we paid an amount of $1.1 million.

On December 2, 2021, we entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire 50.1% of the outstanding share capital of Appush Ltd. (formerly known as “Vidstart Ltd.”, “Appush”), and we acquired the remainder of Appush’s shares (30% ed on December 31, 2022, and 19.9% on December 31, 2023) for a price contingent upon Appush’s operating results during 2022 and 2023. Appush is a provider of a video advertising platform that offers personalized automated methods and real-time smart optimization, helping its clients achieve high yields in the competitive digital ecosystem. The final closing and execution of the Appush Agreement occurred on January 27, 2022. The total purchase price was approximately $21.6 million, of which $12.5 million was paid in cash during 2022, $5.3 million during 2023, $2.7 million in 2024, and $1.1 million to be paid in equal installments in April 2025 and April 2026.

On August 23, 2022, we acquired The Goodkind Group, LLC (“TGG”). TGG provides permanent and temporary staffing needs in various sectors including: Information Technology, Accounting & Finance, Digital Media, Marketing, Human Resource, Financial Services. TGG specializes in customizing solutions and programs to their clients. With On-Site programs and sourcing models TGG solutions include functions which differ from standard staffing companies. TGG provides assistance in the areas of compensation design and development, employee opinion surveys, employment policies and practices, performance management, regulatory and compliance issues and succession planning, for a total consideration of $11.6 million, subject to net working capital adjustments. $8 million of the consideration was paid upon closing. The remainder constitutes a deferred payment, payable in 2023 and 2024.

On July 1, 2022, we acquired Intrabases SAS (“Intrabases”), a provider of IT professional services based in Nantes, France for $3.4 million in cash.

On June 8, 2023, we acquired 60% of the outstanding share capital of K.M.T. (M.H.) Technologies Communication Computer Ltd. (“KMT”). KMT is an Israeli provider of secured private, public and hybrid cloud computing managed services along with full spectrum ICT products, VoIP, technical support and planning and construction of computing infrastructure. KMT was acquired for a maximum cash consideration of approximately $16.2 million paid in full to the seller upon closing (4.1 million contingent upon KMT meeting certain operational target with respect to years 2023-2025). If KMT does not meet these certain pre-defined operational targets in years 2023-2025, seller will be required to pay back part or all of the contingent consideration.

In December 2022 and in June 2023, we acquired in two parts an additional 3.75% share interest and 24.77% share interest, respectively in Mobisoft Ltd., (“Mobisoft”), an Israeli provider of proprietary comprehensive core system for sales and distribution field activities for consumer goods manufacturers and wholesalers We paid total cash consideration of approximately $ 6.2 million. Subsequent to the share purchase, the Company holds 98.52% of Mobisoft.

Our fixed assets capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were approximately $1.4 million, $4.4 million, and $1.6 million, respectively. These expenditures were principally for network equipment and computer hardware, as well as for vehicles, furniture, office equipment and leasehold improvements.

B. Business Overview

Our legal and commercial name is Magic Software Enterprises Ltd., and we were organized and registered in Israel on February 10, 1983 and began operations in 1986. Together with our subsidiaries we are a global provider of: (i) software services and Information Technologies (“IT”) outsourcing software services; (ii) proprietary application development and business process integration platforms; (iii) selected packaged vertical software solutions, as well as (iv) cloud-based services for end to end digital transformation.

Our software technology is used by customers to develop, deploy and integrate on-premise, mobile and cloud-based business applications quickly and cost effectively. In addition, our technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of delivering business solutions that meet current and future needs and allow customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment. We also provide selected verticals with a complete software solution and return on investment.

As part of our software services and IT outsourcing services, we offer to hundreds of customers mainly in Israel and in North America an extensive portfolio of professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, integration projects, project management, software testing and quality assurance, engineering consulting (including supervision of engineering projects), support services, cloud, cyber, digital, data and DevOps, all according to the specific needs of the customer, and in accordance with the professional expertise required in each case with the goal to create significant value for our clients in managing, streamlining, accelerating and helping their businesses thrive.

We have approximately 3,628 employees, who serve our clients at any given time and whose skills and specialization are a significant source of competitive differentiation. We operate through a large network of independent software vendors, or ISVs, who we refer to as Magic Software Providers, or MSPs, and hundreds of system integrators, distributors, resellers, and consulting and OEM partners. Thousands of enterprises in approximately 50 countries use our products and services.

Our software technology platforms

Organizations across all industries are digitally transforming by leveraging software to automate and optimize mission critical business processes, enhance customer experiences, and drive competitive differentiation. Historically, organizations have principally relied on off-the-shelf packaged software and custom software solutions to operationalize and automate their business processes. Packaged software often fails to address unique use cases or to enable differentiation. It also requires organizations to adapt their business (processes, systems of record, etc.) to the software package, as opposed to adapting the software to their unique business needs. While traditional custom software solutions can be differentiated and tailored to meet strategic objectives, development requires a long, iterative, and cumbersome process, as well as costly integration that relies on scarce developer talent. Through our unified platform we enable organizations to differentiate themselves from their competition using a low-code approach, creating applications and workflows tailored to their unique business requirements.

Throughout our history, we have traditionally maintained two major lines of products, one is our application development platform, which today is known as Magic xpa Application Platform, an evolution of our original metadata-based development platform; and the second is our application integration platform, Magic xpi Integration Platform, originally introduced in 2003 under the name iBOLT. In December 2011, we acquired the AppBuilder development platform of BluePhoenix Solutions Ltd., a leading provider of value-driven legacy IT modernization solutions. AppBuilder is a comprehensive application development infrastructure used by many Fortune 1000 enterprises around the world. This enterprise application development environment is a powerful, model-driven tool that enables development teams to build, deploy, and maintain large-scale, custom-built business applications. On April 2019, we acquired the SmartUX development platform of PowWow Inc., a leading Low-Code enterprise mobile development application platform for citizen to professional developers to rapidly design, build, analyze, and run cross-platform mobile business applications.

Our low-code platforms employ an intuitive, visual interface and pre-built development modules that reduce the time required to build powerful and unique business applications and workflows. It is unified, reduces training times and dependencies on additional tools, and is built for enterprise-grade applications requiring high reliability, security, and scalability. Our platform automates the creation of forms, workflows, data structures, reports, user interfaces, and other software elements that would otherwise need to be manually coded. This functionality greatly reduces the iterative development process, allowing for real-time optimization and ultimately shortening the time it takes to design, build, and deploy applications.

Our customers leverage our technologies to apply the right automation approach for their specific use case. We believe our unified low-code platforms are a differentiator in the marketplace. We strive to deeply integrate our capabilities so that they are all interoperable and low-code making it easier and faster for our clients to address complex use cases, particularly those that involve multiple departments within an organization

Our software technology platforms consist of:

Our vertical software packages

Our professional software and IT services

Our global software professional services offerings include a vast portfolio of professional services and IT outsourcing services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, support services, Digital, DevOps (Development & Operations), Mobile, Open source, embedded systems and IoT devices, advanced algorithms for AI, Big Data and Analytical BI, M/F, Security & Cyber, cloud computing for deployment of highly available and massively-scalable applications and APIs and supplemental IT outsourcing services to a wide variety of companies, including Fortune 1000 companies, all in accordance with the professional expertise required in each case with our goal to create significant value for our clients in managing, streamlining, accelerating and helping their businesses thrive. 

We have substantial experience in end-to-end development of high-end software solutions, beginning with collection and analysis of system requirements, continuing with architecture specifications and setup, to software implementation, component integration and testing. We take the time to truly learn our customers’ business goals and choose the most appropriate technologies, architecture and approaches for each project, so we can consistently provide effective and efficient solutions. Our research and development teams are at the technological forefront, constantly learning and developing. They work alongside experts from the widest range of fields and disciplines. From concept to implementation, from application of the ideas of startups requiring the early development of an application or a device, to somewhat larger, more established enterprises, vendors or system houses who need our team of experts to take full responsibility for the development of their systems and products. With our ability to draw on our pool of resources, comprised of hundreds of highly trained, skilled, educated and flexible engineers, we adhere to timelines and budget and work in full transparency with our customers every step of the way to create a tailor-made and cost-effective solution to answer all of our customers’ unique needs.

Our IT services subsidiaries consist of:

Partnerships and Alliances:

We continue to build on our existing strategic partnerships that include partnerships with Oracle, JD Edwards, SAP, Salesforce.com, Microsoft, AWS, GCP, IBM and SugarCRM to enhance our mobile, integration and cloud offerings.

In May 2020, our CommIT Group, achieved Amazon AWS SaaS Competency status. AWS SaaS Competency is designated to help customers find top AWS consulting partners with deep specialization and experience in designing and building software-as-a-service solutions on AWS. Organizations are interested in software that is easy to use, implement, and operate. They are looking to reduce time-to-value and obtain access to innovative product features and flexible software procurement on a consumption or contractual basis. AWS SaaS Competency Partners follow Amazon Web Services (AWS) best practices for designing and building SaaS solutions through their professional services practices. To qualify for the AWS SaaS Competency designation, organizations have undergone rigorous technical validation by AWS Partner Solutions Architects and demonstrated proven customer success.

In November 2023, our CommIT group was awarded with AWS System Integrator Partner of the Year in Israel for 2023 in the field of integration, specialized services, and consulting (System Integrator). This award reflects Commit’s expertise and innovation in leveraging AWS technologies to deliver comprehensive and effective solutions for its clients. For the third time in four years, Commit has been honored by AWS, previously earning accolades as Partner of the Year in the Public Sector and Rising Star of the Year. Commit’s expertise plays a pivotal role in facilitating its clients’ seamless migration to the cloud, optimizing workloads, and implementing innovative strategies such as cost optimization. The proven capabilities of Commit’s cloud experts encompass architecture services, migration execution, modernization processes for existing systems, and the establishment of new cloud environments, with specialization in SaaS, IoT, Cyber, Big Data, AI that result in substantial cost savings and cutting-edge cloud applications and services development to its clients.

In April 2024, our CommIT Group was awarded with Google Cloud Sales Partner of the Year in Israel for 2023. This highly regarded award was presented to Commit for its significant contribution to promoting unique innovation and building successful integrated solutions for its Google Cloud customers. This prestigious award recognizes Commit’s contribution as a leading Google Cloud partner, demonstrating unique and outstanding positive results to Google Cloud’s partner and sales team. Commit’s win of this award joins the previous recognition of four of Commit’s team members as “Google Cloud Partner All-Stars for 2023” in the Marketing, Sales, and Solutions Engineering classifications. Commit, is a Premier Partner for Google Cloud in the Sell Engagement Model, which provides services and technology solutions to Google Cloud customers. CommIT has recruited more than 100 new customers in Israel to Google Cloud over the past year alone. Over the years, and particularly over the past year, Commit has helped many customers move to Google Cloud, streamline cloud workloads, save cloud usage costs considerably, and develop new cloud-based apps and services. One of Commit’s specialties is assisting in the comprehensive integration of complex cases and maximizing the optimization of existing cloud capabilities using Google Cloud’s advanced generative AII capabilities.

In recent years, Commit has successfully led, developed and produced many SaaS solutions on AWS, Azure and GCP, for companies across many business sectors, including high-tech and startups, industrial and retail, and insurance and finance. CommIT concluded 2023 with a 50% growth in cloud customers and a 150% increase in the number of cloud experts it employs, which amounts to over 200. Its unique, flexible R&D model, which provides complete flexibility in determining the mix of experts, allows for full control of budgets and schedules throughout the development project. In this framework, we accompany our clients in their digital journey and in their entry into the SaaS world, providing design and build services for application environments or migration services for applications from existing models to cloud SaaS models. These processes require software architecture, construction, and software development from both Digital and SaaS, all of which take into account performance aspects, information security, scalability, infrastructure monitoring, customer experience and billing. Achieving AWS SaaS Competency status allows us to expand our business offering and even accompany the organizational change for customers who are in the process of transitioning to SaaS. 

Industry Overview

In recent years, the number of available enterprise applications has grown significantly which has led information system complexity within many organizations to a level that has obstructed business progress and evolution, reduced business agility and led to significantly higher costs. We believe this complexity will continue to increase in the future. Although it is not unusual for organizations to operate multiple applications, systems and platforms that were created utilizing disparate programming languages, the complexity of these environments typically reduces an organization’s operating flexibility, hinders decision-making processes and leads to costly inefficiencies and redundancies. When organizations seek to swiftly change, update and upgrade IT assets to support new business processes or to cope with changes in business and regulatory environments, they often find that the introduction and integration of new or upgraded business applications is more complex than expected, requires significant implementation resources, takes a long time to implement and is costly. The proliferation of smartphones and mobile platforms necessitates device-independent and future-proof business solutions for fast, simple, and cost-effective mobile deployment. In addition, new cloud computing technologies present enterprises with an opportunity to realize greater agility and meaningful cost savings to businesses, creating a growing need for further changes to enterprises’ IT applications and systems.

The pace of digital transformation is also accelerating at companies all around the world. Customers are increasingly demanding an all-digital experience from the companies they do business with. They seek instant gratification through real-time updates or instant customer service without having to talk to or wait for other human beings. Employees are also pushing for a more digital experience in their workplaces. The confluence of these internal and external forces is causing companies of all sizes to put digital transformation goals at the top of the agenda. It is becoming clearer that companies will need to embrace and prioritize the creation of a digital operating environment to gain a competitive edge and be able to recruit and maintain a talented employee base.

Manual coding and application development is a complex and time-consuming process with an end result that is not guaranteed. The process requires constant iteration as bugs are discovered and new features are integrated. In addition, the communication gap and general disconnect between developers and end-users are critical shortcomings of manual coding that results in business applications that are less than ideally designed. Many of these problems can be addressed by low-code and no-code development platforms. The enterprise application development software market consists of several application development sub-segments and includes large dominant players such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, HP, CA Technologies and Compuware as well as a large number of highly specialized vendors, with focused capabilities for specific vertical markets. Huge backlogs of enterprise app development work and growing demand for apps coupled with shortage and expense of skilled programmers, is increasingly leading enterprises to turn to low-code/no-code application development platforms that democratize the development process and give business users the ability to develop applications themselves with minimal or no assistance from IT. Through the adoption of business applications, these business users are increasingly looking for ways to automate manual workflows and become more efficient and effective by reallocating their time to solving more complex business problems. Even IT resources and developers are using low-code development tools to increase their development speed and reduce backlog.

Although the market for low-code development platforms is not new by any means, it has certainly started to gain more traction over the past couple of years and is expected to continue its strong growth due to continued demand for applications and a shortage of skilled developers. Low-code development is a natural evolution of rising abstraction levels in application development, which will eventually lead to viable cross-enterprise, highly scalable citizen development and composition of applications. According to market analysts spending on low-code development technologies (excluding RPA) is expected to expand to more than $18 billion in 2026, with a CAGR of more than 20%. The increasing need of digitalization and maturity of agile DevOps practices are expected to enhance the use of low-code development platform market across the globe. Web application is considered as a face of an organization and by using the low-code development platform organizations can roll out user-defined web-based applications quickly. Instead of writing the programming language for the development of web-based applications, employees with less development experience can also create sophisticated applications. For those who have relevant experience, this platform can ease out the daily work chores and can even help them create more custom web-based applications by integrating already existing digital ecosystems. North America has the presence of several prominent market players delivering low-code development platform and services to all end users in the region. The US and Canada both have strong economic conditions and are expected to be major contributors to the growth of the low-code development platform market. The geographical presence, significant research and development (R&D) activities, partnerships, and acquisitions and mergers are the major factors for the deployment of low-code development platform and services.

The IT services segment of the market is comprised of a broad array of specific segments such as infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, support services and supplemental outsourcing services. In addition, IT professional services include quality assurance, product engineering services and process consulting. The IT services segment is also undergoing a profound transition, with some key trends that have accelerated recently. Growing demand for mobile and cloud-based applications as well as Big Data solutions also entails more complex IT development and integration projects which management and implementation require a higher level of expertise. In addition, the typical software-based projects of IT consulting have been gradually shifting towards software and technology-driven solutions that can be embedded into clients’ systems, providing ongoing engagement services. This transition has been accentuated by an underlying change in IT services sourcing processes: the need for a faster go-to-market process as well as constrained resources in IT departments is resulting in greater influence by specific business units on the purchasing decision as opposed to the traditional sourcing process. The traditional outsourcing business model of capacity on demand is also transitioning towards a model of capability on demand. Information technology service buyers are increasingly looking at outcome-driven managed services with a tighter integration between software, service and infrastructure.

We have identified the following trends that are relevant to the markets we operate in:

Magic’s Software Solutions

Our software solutions enable enterprises to accelerate the planning, development, deployment and integration of on-premise, mobile and cloud business applications that can be rapidly customized to meet current and future needs. Our software solutions and complementary professional services empower customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment by enabling the cost-effective and rapid delivery, integration and mobilization of business applications, systems and databases. Our technology and solutions are especially in demand when time-to-market considerations are critical, budgets are tight, and integration is required with multiple platforms or applications, databases or existing systems and business processes, as well as for RIA and SaaS applications. Our technology also provides the option to deploy our software capabilities in the cloud, hosted in a web services cloud computing environment. We believe these capabilities provide organizations with a faster deployment path and lower total cost of ownership. Our technology also allows developers to stage multiple applications before going live in production.

Development communities are facing high complexity, cost and extended pay-back periods in order to deliver cloud, RIAs, mobile and SaaS applications. Magic xpa, AppBuilder, Magic SmartUX, Magic xpi, Magic FactoeyEye and Magic’s Data Management and Analytics platform all provide MSPs with the ability to rapidly build integrated applications in a more productive manner, deploy them in multiple modes and architectures as needed, lower IT maintenance costs and speed time-to-market. Our solutions are comprehensive and industry proven. These technologies can be applied to the entire software development market, from the implementation of micro-vertical solutions, through tactical application modernization and process automation solutions, to enterprise spanning service-oriented architecture, or SOA, migrations and composite applications initiatives. Unlike most competing platforms, we offer a coherent and unified toolset based on the same proven metadata driven and rules-based declarative technology. Our low-code, metadata platforms consist of pre-compiled and pre-written technical and administrative functions, which are essentially ready-made business application coding that enables developers to bypass the intensive technical code-writing stage of application development and integration, concentrate on building the correct logic for their apps and move quickly and efficiently to deployment. Through the use of metadata-driven platforms such as Magic xpa, AppBuilder, Magic SmartUX, Magic xpi, Magic FactoryEye and Magic’s Data Management and Analytics platform, software vendors and enterprise customers can experience unprecedented cost savings through fast and easy implementation and reduced project risk.

Our software technology solutions include application platforms for developing and deploying specialized and high-end large-scale business applications and integration platforms that allow the integration and interoperability of diverse solutions, applications and systems in a quick and efficient manner. These solutions enable our customers to improve their business performance and return on investment by supporting the affordable and rapid delivery and integration of business applications, systems, and databases. Using our software solutions, enterprises and ISVs can accelerate time-to-market by rapidly building integrated solutions, deploying them in multiple environments while leveraging existing IT resources. In addition, our solutions are scalable and platform-agnostic, enabling our customers to build solutions by specifying their business logic requirements in a commonly used language rather than in computer code, and to benefit from seamless platform upgrades and cross-platform functionality without the need to re-write applications. Our technology also enables future-proof protection and supports current market trends such as the development of mobile applications that can be deployed on a variety of smartphones and tablets, and cloud environments. In addition, we also offer a variety of vertical-targeted products that are focused on the needs and requirements of specific growing markets. Certain of these products were developed utilizing our application development platform.

We sell our solutions globally through our own direct sales representatives and offices and through a broad sales distribution network, including independent country distributors, independent service vendors that use our technology to develop and sell solutions to their customers, and system integrators. We also offer software maintenance, support, training, and consulting services in connection with our products, thus aiding the successful implementation of projects and assuring successful operation of the platforms once installed. We sell our integration solutions to customers using specific popular software applications, such as SAP, Salesforce.com, IBM i (AS/400), Oracle JD Edwards, Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft Dynamics, SugarCRM and other eco-systems. As such, we enjoy a well-diversified client base across geographies and industries including oil & gas companies, telecommunications groups, financial institutions, healthcare providers, industrial companies, public institutions, and international agencies.

The underlying principles and purpose of our technology are to provide:

We offer three complementary application platforms that address the wide spectrum of composite applications, Magic xpa, Magic SmartUX and AppBuilder. Our Magic xpi integration platform, Magic FactoryEye and Magic’s Data Management and Anaytics platform deliver fast and simple integration and orchestration of business processes and applications. Our customers operate in a wide variety of industries, including financial services, life sciences, government, telecommunications, energy and manufacturing.

Magic xpa Application Platform

Magic xpa Application Platform, our metadata driven application platform, provides a simple and unified, low code and cost-effective development and deployment environment that lets organizations and MSPs quickly create user-friendly, enterprise-grade, multi-channel mobile and desktop business app that employ the latest advanced functionalities and technologies. The Magic xpa Application Platform, formerly named uniPaaS, was first released in 2008 and is an evolution of our original eDeveloper product, a graphical, rules-based and event-driven framework that offered a pre-compiled engine for database business tasks and a wide variety of generic runtime services and functions which was released in 2001.

We have continually enhanced our Magic xpa application platform to respond to major market trends such as the growing demand for cloud-based offerings including Rich Internet Applications (RIA), mobile applications and SaaS. Accordingly, we have added new functionalities and extensions to our application platform, with the objective of enabling the development of RIA, SaaS, mobile and cloud-enabled applications. SaaS is a business and technical model for delivering software applications, similar to a phone or cable TV model, in which the software applications are installed and hosted in dedicated data centers and users subscribe to these centers and use the applications over an internet connection. This model requires the ability to deliver RIA. Magic xpa is a comprehensive RIA platform. It uses a single development paradigm that handles all ends of the application development and deployment process including client and server partitioning and the inter-communicating layers.

Magic xpa offers customers the power to choose how they deploy their applications, whether full client or web; on-premise or on-demand; in the cloud or behind the corporate firewall; software or mobile or SaaS; global or local. Our Magic xpa Application Platform complies with event driven and service oriented architectural principles. By offering technology transparency, this product allows customers to focus on their business requirements rather than technological means. The Magic xpa single development paradigm significantly reduces the time and costs associated with the development and deployment of cloud-based applications, including RIAs, mobile and SaaS. In addition, application owners can leverage their initial investment when moving from full client mode to cloud mode, and modify these choices as the situation requires. Enterprises can use cloud-based Magic xpa applications in a SaaS model and still maintain their databases in the privacy of their own data centers. Magic xpa also supports most hardware and operating system environments such as Windows, Unix, Linux and AS/400, as well as multiple databases and is interoperable with .NET and Java technologies.

Magic xpa can be applied to the full range of software development, from the implementation of micro-vertical solutions, through tactical application modernization and process automation solutions, to enterprise spanning SOA migrations and composite applications initiatives. Unlike most competing platforms, we offer a coherent and unified toolset based on the same proven metadata driven and rules based declarative technology, resulting in increased cost savings through fast and easy implementation and reduced project risk.

Magic xpa enables organizations to differentiate themselves from their competition through software-enabled digital transformation. With our platform, organizations can rapidly and easily design, build and implement powerful, enterprise-grade custom applications through our intuitive, visual interface, with little or no coding required. Our Solution ensures that applications developed on our platform can be immediately and natively deployed across a full range of mobile and desktop devices with no additional customization, including desktop web browsers, tablets and mobile phones. We also enable organizations to easily modify and enhance applications and automatically disseminate these updates across device types to ensure that all users benefit from the most up-to-date functionality.

Key benefits of our platform include:

Our approach to digital transformation goes beyond simply enabling organizations to build custom applications fast. We empower decision makers to reimagine their products, services, processes and customer interactions with software by removing much of the complexity and many of the challenges associated with traditional approaches to software development. Because we make application development easy, organizations can build specific and competitively differentiated functionality into applications to deliver enhanced user experiences and streamlined business operations.

In 2020, we significantly enhanced our new Angular based web client capabilities, provided GIT version control capability as an integral part of expanding its CI/CD overall capabilities, as well as enhanced compare and merge functionality under its xpa 4.7 release.

In 2022, we moved our Magic xpa platform to be a cloud native platform deployed by dockers container, opening the door to our customer to take their applications to be a full SaaS products.

AppBuilder Application Platform

AppBuilder, a platform we acquired in December 2011, is a proprietary development environment used for managing, maintaining and reusing complicated applications needed by large businesses. AppBuilder provides the infrastructure for enterprises worldwide, across several industries, with applications running millions of transactions daily on legacy systems. Enterprises using AppBuilder can build, deploy and maintain large-scale custom-built business applications for years without being dependent on any particular technology. The AppBuilder deployment environments include IBM mainframe, Unix, Linux and Windows. AppBuilder is intended to increase productivity and agility in the creation and deployment of enterprise class computing.

AppBuilder follows the 4GL development paradigm to help enterprises focus on the business needs and definition and overlook technical hurdles. AppBuilder developers define the business roles and prior to deployment the code is generated from the development environment to the required run time environment. Several large MSPs have utilized AppBuilder to build state of the art applications that are deployed through many large customers.

AppBuilder implements a model driven architecture approach to application development. It provides the ability to design an application at the business modeling level and generate forward to an application. AppBuilder has a platform-independent, business-rules language that enables generation to multiple platforms. It is possible to generate the client part of an application as Java and the server part as COBOL. As businesses change, the server part can be generated as Java without changing the application logic. Only a simple configuration option needs to be changed.

AppBuilder contains everything a development environment needs to create any type of simple or complex business application with platform-independent functionality, including:

Magic xpi Integration Platform

We believe data is the most valuable competitive asset today as companies increasingly pursue digital transformation initiatives to modernize their businesses. Enormous amounts of data are being generated by people, applications, and devices worldwide. Enterprises are seeking to connect data across their various applications, systems, and IT environments in order to become data-driven businesses. Understanding and connecting these data assets as well as migrating workloads to the cloud, enables superior insights across the business organization, better service of customers, automation of supply chains, and the democratization of secure, governed data access for all employees.

The rise of cloud computing, low-cost data storage and the proliferation of applications that generate and access data, combined with the increasing volume of data from mobile, social and IoT, is resulting in an explosion of the volume, variety, and velocity of data. According to a March 2022 report from IDC, “The amount of digital data created over the next five years will be greater than twice the amount of data created since the advent of digital storage.” This new data creates opportunities to generate greater business insights and pursue new market opportunities, but is overwhelming for organizations to manage, aggregate, and normalize. As enterprises undertake the massive transition to cloud, we believe a majority of their workloads will remain on-premises for the foreseeable future due to the mission-critical processes they support. The complexity of this hybrid world will be further exacerbated as enterprises also employ multi-cloud strategies. As a result, we expect enterprises will require new technologies purpose-built to connect, analyze, manage, and normalize data anywhere it resides using modern, cloud-native architectures that can seamlessly be deployed in any IT environment.

Our Magic xpi integration platform (an evolution of our original and formerly branded iBOLT platform, launched in 2003) is a graphical, wizard-based code-free solution delivering fast and simple integration and orchestration of business processes and applications. Magic xpi allows businesses to more easily view, access, and leverage their mission-critical information, delivering true enterprise application integration, or EAI, business process management, or BPM, and SOA infrastructure. Increasing the usability and life span of existing legacy and other IT systems, Magic xpi allows fast EAI, development and customization of diverse applications, systems and databases, assuring rapid return on invested capital and time-to-market, increased profitability and customer satisfaction.

Magic xpi allows the integration and interoperability of diverse solutions, including legacy applications, in a quick and efficient manner. In January 2010, we released Magic xpi 3.2 and since then we have continued to develop the Magic xpi channel. We entered into agreements with additional system integrators, consultancies and service providers, who acquired Magic xpi skills and offer Magic xpi licenses and related services to their customers. We also offer special editions of Magic xpi with optimized and certified connectors for specific enterprise application vendor ecosystems, such as SAP, Oracle JD Edwards, Microsoft SharePoint and Salesforce.com. These special editions contain specific features and pricing tailored for these market sectors.

Data engineers, Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) developers, and citizen integrators have the ability to use our platform to ingest, transform and integrate data spanning departmental to enterprise scale workloads. These workloads include diverse and distributed data sources in multi-cloud, hybrid environments. The breadth and depth of our data integration capabilities accelerate the aggregation and processing of data to ready it for analytics, data science and enterprise reporting initiatives. Leveraging a simple graphical design experience, users can develop workloads across ETL, Extract-Load-Transform (ELT), real-time and streaming data integration patterns. Our platform is designed to integrate structured and unstructured data across on-premises and cloud-native applications, databases, business intelligence tools, data modeling tools, data lakes, data warehouses, mainframes, messaging systems, file systems and IoT devices. Our data-lake architecture allows data stewards and business analysts to create an authoritative single-source view of all business-critical data from internal and external sources across multiple data domains, including customers, locations, assets, and employees and many other domain types.

Our heritage as a veteran player in the integration market provides us with a differentiated understanding and ability to automate complex processes, and we have incorporated that expertise into our platform to enable the development of powerful business software. Magic xpi can leverage a complete stack of automation technologies, applying the right automation approach for each specific use case.

Key benefits of our platform include:

In the aggregate, these core capabilities enable Magic to automate and govern end-to-end processes. Magic complements these automation technologies with related features like process reporting, analytics and management, which make it simple for organizations to quickly improve and upgrade their automations as business needs change.

In March 2018, we released Magic xpi version 4.7 with a new OData Provider connector, Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) support for the SharePoint Online (MOSS) connector, ability to write new connectors based on Magic xpa Application Platform’s runtime technology and multiple features to improve programming productivity, such as visual indicators of data flow status and an enhanced monitor to provide an even more accurate bird’s eye view of all running projects.

In October 2018, we announced that Magic xpi Integration Platform 4 achieved SAP-certified integration with SAP S/4HANA, enabling our customers to optimize business processes through automation across leading ERP, CRM, finance, and other enterprise systems using a single platform.

In February 2019, we released Magic xpi version 4.9 with a new REST client connector, ODATA connector enhancements, inherent UPSERT support in the data mapper, and built-in cloud support.

In August 2019, we released Magic xpi version 4.11, enabling access to remote connectors residing at another site, without the need for a VPN (aka ‘Local Agent’ capability). In addition, in the beginning of 2020 we released the major released Magic xpi 4.12, which includes 64-bit support for our Run-Time engine as-well as integration with one of the industry’s API management solutions suites. During 2019, we also released additional features pursuant to customer requests.

In 2020, Magic Software enhanced the above Local Agent capability with more functionality, added additional connectors (e.g., OPC for manufacturing) and invested more resources in the overall product stability. In addition, Magic Software has added various features to the platform to expand its product offering, per customer requests.

In 2021, we enhanced Magic xpi Local Agent capabilities with more functionalities, added additional connectors (e.g., OPC for manufacturing) and invested more resources in the overall product stability. In addition, we moved our Magic xpi platform to be a cloud native platform deployed by dockers container.

In March 2023 we launched Magic xpi Cloud Native, allowing shifting xpi integration projects to the cloud smoothly. The xpi Cloud Native environment configurations based on Kubernetes, focuses on scalability, security, and resilience. The deployment process is made effortless with our new “Cloud Manager”. Cloud Manager interface hides all the complexities of cloud deployment and clustering and performs all the heavy lifting through easy to use and intuitive set of Rest API’s. These APIs also bring agility and efficiency to organizations CI/CD practices via “Continuous Deployment” capabilities.

In 2024, we plan to continue to expand our product offering with additional features, per customer requests.

Magic SmartUX

Magic SmartUX, a platform we acquired in April 2019, is a low-code development platform for mobilizing and modernizing enterprise business application designed for citizen to professional developers to rapidly design, build, analyze, and run cross-platform mobile business applications.

The Magic SmartUX platform addresses the three biggest challenges enterprises are facing in the road to Digital Transformation:

FactoryEye

On May 2019, Magic Software launched the release of FactoryEye, a proprietary high performance, low-code, flexible, cloud platform built specially for manufacturers based on a modern architecture enabling advanced manufacturing and organizational intelligence, real-time virtualizations and actionable insights for cross- organizational effectiveness and increased bottom line. Magic Software has hundreds of manufacturing customers, and drew on over 35 years of manufacturing experience to develop FactoryEye. The product’s intuitive and user-friendly workspace empower manufacturers by providing all the analysis the report they need in order to make faster and smarter decisions based on real time data and analytics. This translates into improved productivity, faster delivery times, and better control over the manufacturing processes, leading to increased customer satisfaction and higher profit margins. FactoryEye offers dozens of prebuilt connectors to a range of enterprise applications and MRP systems, such as SAP, JD Edwards, and Infor, as well as MES, CRM, and PLM systems.

FactoryEye collects real-time data from existing machinery, operational and organizational systems and transforms it into actionable intelligence for immediate results and continuous improvement in the manufacturing process and operational efficiency. The solution brings the benefits of Industry 4.0 connectivity to mid-sized manufacturers in several industry verticals, including automotive parts, food & beverage, medical devices, metal processing, packaging, plastics & rubber specialty manufacturing and more.

The addition of FactoryEye to Magic Software’s software portfolio allows Magic Software to provide to its new and existing manufacturing clients, with a comprehensive Industry 4.0 digital transformation solution and aligns with Magic Software strategy of enhancing its portfolio with enterprise grade technologies.

FactoryEye’s end-to-end solution incorporates several key features:

In addition to offering a dynamic cloud-based software solution, FactoryEye manufacturing consultants work with customers to harmonize their systems and fit the right tools for their needs. Consultants analyze business processes for what is working, formulate a plan to add what is missing from existing systems and create sprints to deliver immediate results. A dynamic cycle of data collection and analysis allows for continuous improvement and flexibility in the optimization process.

Since its launch, Magic Software made a targeted effort to reach mid-sized manufacturers who are looking to improve the efficiency of their factories. Our goal is to position FactoryEye as a solution that offers more than mere factory floor visibility through IIoT connectivity, while remaining more cost effective and customizable than offerings from “Tier 1” companies. To that end, Magic Software has built a new website for FactoryEye, as well as blogs, whitepapers, e-books, public relations activities, exhibitions and events, round tables and on-line campaigns, all in the purpose of spreading the awareness of this new offering and benefits for mid-sized manufacturers.

FactoryEye brings the benefits of Industry 4.0 to mid-sized manufacturing companies, with an easy, affordable, and flexible approach that does not require changing existing systems and infrastructure. This Industry 4.0 solution captures vast amounts of production data, transforms it into actionable intelligence, and empowers workers, managers, and executives to make informed decisions in real-time.

In addition, we continue to market Magic Software’s application and integration products. These products continue to provide value and convenience for our customers as low code options to integrate their disparate systems.

Vertical software solutions

Clicks™

Our Roshtov subsidiary has approximately three decades of proven experience based on its proprietary comprehensive core software solution for medical record information management systems, using in the design and management of patient-file for managed care and large-scale healthcare providers. The platform, which can be tailor-made to the specific needs of the healthcare provider, is connected to the clinical, administrative and financial data base system, residing at the provider’s central computer, and allows immediate analysis of complex data with potentially real-time feedback to meet the specific needs of physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, front- and back-office professionals and consumers.

All of our clients that buy or subscribe to our Clicks software solution also enter into software support agreements with us for maintenance and support of their medical record management systems. In addition to immediate software support in the event of problems, these agreements allow clients to access new releases covered by support agreements. In addition, each client has 12-hour access, six days a week (6 hours on Friday) to the applicable call-center support teams.

We employ a team of 35 research and development specialists that together with our clients create a future where the health care system works to improve the well-being of individuals and communities. Roshtov’s proven ability to innovate has led to what we believe to be an industry leading architectures and a breadth and depth of solutions and services.

There are four healthcare service providers in Israel, of which, Maccabi Healthcare Services and Clalit, which are the two largest healthcare providers in Israel accounting for 78% of the Israeli market, have been our customers since the early 1990’s.

Leap™

Our FTS subsidiary has over 20 years of BSS experience, based on dozens of projects delivered to customers worldwide. We implement revenue management and monetization solutions in mobile, wireline, broadband, MVNO/E, payments, e-commerce, M2M / Internet of Things, mobile money, cable, cloud and content markets under the brand name of Leap™. Our Leap™ solutions lower the total cost of ownership (TCO) for telecom, content and payment service providers.

FTS works with telecommunications, content and payment service providers globally to help them manage complex transactions and relationships with greater flexibility and independence. Analyzing transactions from a business standpoint, FTS offers end-to-end and add-on telecom billing, charging, policy control and payments solutions to customers worldwide, and services both growing and major providers.

FTS targets mid to lower level tier service providers, supporting their BSS needs with end-to-end, turnkey billing and other BSS projects. In addition, FTS offers upper-tiers of service providers with BSS and monetization solutions for specific needs, including policy control and charging solutions, M2M billing, billing for content services, MVNE/MVNO billing, mobile money software solutions, payment and mobile financial services solutions and others.

Our Leap™ offering is comprised of:

Leap™ BCCF (Business Control and Charging Function) – a proprietary packaged software solution which serves as the underlying foundation of our Leap™ products and solutions. Leap BCCF enables service providers to handle the aspects of event processing, from defining the system’s business logic, through importing events and formatting, to charging and executing business rules. With Leap BCCF, new services are deployed on the fly, and strategic business rules are formulated more easily, ensuring real-time responses to both service and customer-related events and providing a baseline for policy control.

Leap™ Billing 6.3 – a convergent charging, billing and customer care solution that realizes substantial reductions in OPEX and CAPEX while increasing customer satisfaction and retention. Leap Billing software’s flexibility and ease of use enables the service providers’ billing platform to work more at the speed of marketing by offering new marketing plans or services in a rapid time-to-market.

Leap™ Policy Control - Leap Policy Control is an integrated charging and policy control solution (a full PCC solution based on PCRF & online/offline charging). Compliant with the 3GPP’s Diameter policy control standard, Leap Policy Control provides traffic and subscriber management strategies. Leap Policy Control gives operators the power to monitor usage in real time and, using fully configurable business rules, define how they manage network resources, applications, and subscribers – in real time – while generating revenue from personalized mobile applications, content and services. Leap Policy Control can be implemented as a stand-alone solution or as part of a larger BSS project implementation.

FTS Express™ - FTS express™ is an all-in-one software appliance for online charging, billing, AAA, balance management, customer care, policy control and interconnect, designed for entry-level operations of MVNOs, LTE, VoIP, ISP, broadband, IPTV and more.

The following is a sample of the monetization solutions offered by FTS:

FTS’s solutions are delivered via cloud, on-premises or in a fully managed-services mode and are backed by our Israel and Bulgaria-based experienced professional services support team.

HR Pulse

Now in its 10^th release, HR Pulse is a proprietary platform that creates and customizes software applications for HCM, with the goal to combine technology with effective processes, to facilitate the collection, analysis and interpretation of quality data about people, their jobs and their performance, to enhance HCM decision making, resulting in increased organizational efficiency and effectiveness. HR Pulse addresses four distinct functional areas with the ability to also work as one consolidated system:

Our offering includes customizable “out of the box” HCM SaaS Solutions, such as Pilat Frist and Pilat Professional, that provides a menu of templates that can be used to affordably and expeditiously create customized HCM solutions for companies. The HR Pulse platform promotes the building and implementation of solutions that address broader business challenges as well. Such offerings include 360-degree feedback, employee surveys, leadership and management development, coaching and job evaluation.

Hermes Cargo

Hermes has been developing and evolving cargo management systems for the air cargo industry since 2002. Hermes Air Cargo Management System is a proprietary, state-of-the-art, packaged software solution for managing air cargo ground handling. Our Hermes Solution covers all aspects of cargo handling, from physical handling and cargo documentation through customs, seamless EDI communications, dangerous goods and special handling, tracking and tracing, security and billing. Over the last 10 years Hermes systems have been implemented in over 70 terminals on five continents, providing efficient and accurate handling of more than 8 million tons of freight annually. Customers benefit through faster processing and more accurate billing, reporting and ultimately enhanced revenue. Customers include independent ground handlers, airlines with a cargo arm, hubs belonging to an individual airline or those catering to a number of airlines transiting cargo to additional destinations. The Hermes Solution is delivered on a licensed or fully hosted basis. 

Hermes systems are built with the specific needs of air cargo handlers and airlines in mind and are amongst the most versatile and sophisticated around. Hermes Solutions are focused on maximizing customer profits by streamlining ground handling processes and employing built-in best practices to reduce handling errors. Hermes team of cargo experts carry out a full business analysis, listen to our customers’ requirements, suggest additional functionality and work with them to deliver an air cargo management solution that is streamlined around their processes and customized to their needs. Hermes works with everyone from smaller cargo handlers to large airlines all over the world and counts Menzies Aviation, Frankfurt Cargo Services, Etihad Airport Services, Pactl’ (Shanghai) and dnata Network among their customers. 

Nativ:

Offered by our Menarva Ltd subsidiary, Nativ is the leading system for efficient management of all types of rehabilitation centers. Selected by many of the largest rehabilitation and treatment centers in Israel, Nativ serves as a comprehensive solution, the largest and most specialized and equipped system in Israel, with all the capabilities required for operating all aspects of organizations engaged in patient rehabilitation and treatment. From rehabilitation programs to recruitment, Nativ enables control of all levels of rehabilitation bodies, including monitoring detailed rehabilitation plans, finance, collection, account management, recruitment, working hours, asset management, employment and medical files.

In addition, Nativ also contains many integral interfaces, including the Israel’s Ministry of Health’s suppliers portal, Israel’s Ministry of Welfare’s suppliers portal, rent transfers from the Israel’s Ministry of Housing, accounting systems, payroll systems and more. The system produces a wide range of reports, including a receipt report from Israel’s Ministry of Health, Welfare, Economy and Security, comprehensive and detailed information divided into units and services, a detailed living allowance report, patient report, condition report, emergency report and more.

Menarva has extensive experience gained in its work over the past 10 years with dozens of clients in Israel, an experience that has given rise to in-depth insights into the field of rehabilitation. Nativ is supported by the cloud and allows connection at any time and from any place for maximum efficiency, including a mobile application for continuous monitoring of field personnel in real time.

Nativ offers maximum survivability, due to the need for high reliability and comprehensive information security, all infrastructure is owned by Menarva and the system complies with all standards and guidelines of Israel’s Privacy Protection Authority, including ISO standards: Standard 9001 for information systems development, Standard 27001.

Strategy

Our goal is to continue our profitable and cash generative growth within our software solutions and professional services markets. We plan to achieve this goal by focusing on the following principles:

Our partner strategy is focused on delivering complete end-to-end solutions for our customers, driving general awareness of our platforms and service capabilities and broadening our distribution and reach to new customers. We have deep relationships with global system integrators, with which we partner closely. We co-create and co-sell solutions to solve customer needs where we combine the power of our innovation and their services to deliver against the customer business objectives. We have a scaled and well-defined alliances program where we partner with value-added resellers and distributors across the world to expand our reach in international markets. Our relationship with these channel partners ranges from fulfilment services to co-sell or independent resell in some markets.

Product Development

We place considerable emphasis on research and development in order to improve and expand the functionality of our technologies and to develop new applications. We believe that our future success depends upon our ability to maintain our technological leadership, to enhance our existing products and to introduce new commercially viable products addressing the needs of our customers on a timely basis. We also intend to support emerging technologies as they are introduced in the same way we have supported new technologies in the past. We will continue to devote a significant portion of our resources to research and development. We believe that internal development of our technology is the most effective means of achieving our strategic objective of providing an extensive, integrated and feature-rich development technology. For significant version release see “Magic’s Software Solutions” discussed above.

Product Related Services

Professional Services. We offer fee-based consulting services in connection with installation assurance, application audits and performance enhancement, application migration and application prototyping and design. Consulting services are aimed at generating both additional revenues and ensuring successful implementation of Magic xpa, Appbuilder, Magic xpi, Magic’s Data Management and Analytics platform, SmartUX and FactoryEye projects through knowledge transfer. As part of management efforts to focus on license sales, our goal is to provide such activities as a complementary service to our customers and partners. We believe that the availability of effective consulting services is an important factor in achieving widespread market acceptance.

Services are offered as separately purchased add-on packages or as part of an overall software development and deployment technology framework. Over the last several years, we have built upon our established global presence to form business alliances with our MSPs that use our technology to develop solutions for their customers, and distributors to deliver successful solutions in focused market sectors.

Maintenance. We offer our customers annual maintenance contracts providing for unspecified upgrades and new versions and enhancements for our products on a when-and-if-available basis for an annual fee.

Customer Support. We believe that a high level of customer support is important to the successful marketing and sale of our products. Our in-house technical support group provides training and post-sale support. We believe that effective technical support during product evaluation as well as after the sale has substantially contributed to product acceptance and customer satisfaction and will continue to do so in the future.

We offer online support systems for our MSPs and end users, providing them with the ability to instantaneously enter, confirm and track support requests through the Internet. These systems support MSPs and end-users worldwide. As part of this online support, we offer Support Knowledge Base tools providing the full range of technical notes and other documentation including technical papers, product information, and answers to most common customer queries and known issues that have already been reported.

Training. We conduct formal and organized training on our development tools and packaged software solutions. We develop courses, pertaining to our principal products and provide trainer and student guidebooks. Course materials are available both in traditional, classroom courses and as web-based training modules, which can be downloaded and studied at the student’s own pace and location. The courses and course materials are designed to accelerate the learning process, using an intensive technical curriculum in an atmosphere conducive to productive training.

IT Services

Background

The core of our growth strategy is to serve as a one-stop-shop for our clients, helping them accelerate their digital transformation to enhance competitiveness, grow profitability and deliver sustainable stakeholder value. We use our deep industry and functional expertise to help clients capture more growth and solve a diverse set of business challenges, including identifying and developing new products and services; improving sales and customer experience; optimizing cost structures; maximizing human performance; harnessing data to improve decision-making; mitigating risk and enhancing security; shaping and delivering value from large-scale cloud migrations; and digitizing manufacturing and operations with smart, connected products and platforms.

Technology is the single biggest driver of change in companies today. Despite the potential impacts of the Omicron variant, we expect an economic recovery with high expectations for increased technology investments. According to Gartner, 2023 should have ended with a 3.3% increase in global IT spending. In Israel, the forecasts for IT expenses in 2023 were greatly influenced by the war, the geopolitical situation of Israel, and the uncertainties derived from it. Analysts predicted that the increase in IT spending in Israel in 2023, in light of the ongoing war, was to reach only 4%, but it was only reduced by 2% due to the war, which reflects the stability and resilience of the Israeli IT market. Looking ahead, analysts expect a recovery in 2024. According to Forrester, the year 2024 is expected to end with a 5.3% increase in global IT spending, with the software solutions sector expected to grow by 10.5% and the IT services sector by 8.3%. According to Gartner, the growth is expected to reach only 6.8%, with the software solutions sector expected to grow by 12.7%, and the IT services sector by 8.7%. Furthermore, according to Gartner, in 2024, the fastest growing areas are cloud computing with an expected increase of 19% (of which IaaS will increase by 24%), data and business applications (CRM, ERP) with an increase of 14%, and Cyber with an increase of 14 % in 2024. Also, according to Gartner, the expected increase in Cloud computing expenses in 2023 was 17.8%, and in 2024would be 19%, while in the field of infrastructure cloud (IaaS) there was an increase of 24%. The growth rate of Cloud computing is the fastest growing area in IT between five and six times the average growth of IT expenses.

We help our clients use technology to build their digital core to drive enterprise-wide transformation—such as moving them to the cloud, leveraging data and artificial intelligence, and embedding security and sustainability across the enterprise; by transforming their operations; and by accelerating their revenue growth. We leverage our scale and global footprint, innovation capabilities, and strong ecosystem partnerships, together with our platforms including to consistently deliver tangible value for our clients.

Our IT services offerings consist of a variety of professional services that can be grouped into integration and other IT services. Our integration services include:

We are a talent- and innovation-led organization with approximately 3,628 people as of December 31, 2023, who serve our clients at any given time and whose skills and specialization are a significant source of competitive differentiation. With approximately 3,000 experts, the majority of which are in the U.S, Israel and Europe, and hundreds of projects gone live in a variety of advanced technologies, we have developed significant expertise and accumulated vast experience in integration projects. Such projects are typically more complex and require a high level of industry knowledge and highly skilled professionals. Our integration expertise, as well as our global reach allows us to deliver comprehensive, value added services to our customers. Our IT services customers include major global telecoms, OEMs and engineering, furnish and installation service companies.

Strategic Consulting and Outsourcing Services

We provide a broad range of IT consulting services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology planning and implementation services, cloud computing, as well as supplemental outsourcing services. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Fusion Solutions LLC, Xsell Resources Inc., Allstates Consulting Services LLC, Futurewave Systems, Inc., NetEffects, Inc, OnTarget Group, Inc, the Commit Group, Infinigy Solutions LLC., EnableIT LLC, Comblack IT Ltd., Shavit Software (2009) Ltd., and K.M.T. (M.H.) Technologies Communication Computer, provide advanced IT consulting and outsourcing services to a wide variety of companies including Fortune 1000 companies. Our technical personnel generally supplement the in-house capabilities of our customers. Our approach is to make available a broad range of technical personnel to meet the requirements of our customers rather than focusing on specific specialized areas. We have extensive knowledge of and have worked with virtually all types of wireless and wireline telecom infrastructure technologies as well as in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, project management, technology planning and implementation services. Our consulting partners come from a wide range of industries, including finance, insurance, government, health care, logistics, manufacturing, media, retail and telecommunications. With an experienced team of recruiters in the telecom and IT areas and with a substantial and a growing database of telecom talent, we can rapidly respond to a wide range of requirements with well qualified candidates. Our customer list includes major global telecoms, OEMs and engineering, furnish and installation service companies. We have built long-term relationships with our customers by providing expert telecom talent. We provide individual consultants for contract and contract-to-hire assignments as well as candidates for full time placement. In addition, we configure teams of technical consultants for assigned projects at our customers’ sites.

Customers, End-Users and Markets

We market and sell our products and services in more than 50 countries worldwide. The following tables present our revenues by revenue type and geographical market for the periods indicated:

Our Magic xpa, Magic xpi, Magic’s Data Management and Analytics platform, Magic SmartUX, Magic FactoryEye, and AppBuilder technologies are used by a wide variety of developers, integrators and solution providers, that can generally be divided into two sectors (i) those performing in-house development (corporate IT departments), and (ii) MSPs, including large system integrators and smaller independent developers, and VARs that use our technology to develop or provide solutions to their customers. MSPs who are packaged software publishers use our technology to write standard packaged software products that are sold to multiple customers, typically within a vertical industry sector or a horizontal business function.

Sales, Marketing and Distribution

We market, sell and support our products and services through our own global offices and marketing department, as well as through a broad global channel-network of MSPs, system integrators, value-added distributors and resellers, and OEM and consulting partners. Our sales force is based in our regional offices in the United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Hungary, South Africa, India and Israel, and through regional distributors elsewhere. Our sales network is present in about 50 countries worldwide.

Direct Sales. For Magic xpa and AppBuilder, our direct sales force pursues software solution providers and enterprise accounts. Our sales personnel carry out strategic sales with a direct approach to decision makers, managing a constantly monitored consultative type of sales cycle. Magic xpi, FactoryEye and Magic’s Data Management and Analytics platform are mostly sold through indirect channels and through our ecosystem business relationships, but we have some direct customers with integration needs.

As of December 31, 2023, we employed approximately 202 sales and marketing personnel including, a team of sales engineers who provide pre-sale technical support, presentations and demonstrations in order to support our sales force.

Indirect Sales. We maintain an indirect sales channel, through our ecosystem business relationships, as well as through system integrators, value added distributors and resellers, OEM partners, as well as consultancies and service providers. We maintain an indirect sales channel for Magic xpa through MSPs and system integrators, who use our application and integration platforms to develop and deploy different applications for sale to their end-user customers.

Distributors. In general, we distribute our products through regional non-exclusive distributors in those countries where we do not have a sales office. A regional distributor is typically a software marketing organization with the capability to add value with consulting, training and support. Distributors that are also MSPs are generally responsible for the implementation of both our application platform and business and process integration suite and localization into their native languages. The distributors also translate our marketing literature and technical documentation. Distributors must undergo our program of sales and technical training. Marketing, sales, training, consulting, product and customer support are provided by the local distributor. We are available for backup support for the distributor and for end-users. In coordination with the local subsidiaries and distributors, we also provide sales support for large and multinational accounts.

VARs. In general, we resell our products through VARs that extend their capabilities with our offerings. These include SAP VARs.

Global Marketing Activities. We carry out a wide range of marketing activities aimed at generating awareness of our solutions offerings and to promote sales. Among our activities, we focus both on both outbound and inbound marketing, including a content-rich website available in eight foreign languages, social networks communication, search engine optimization, on-line advertising, lead generation campaigns, public relations, case studies, blogs, industry analyst relations, attendance at conferences and trade shows and lead generation campaigns around key professional white papers and webinars. We conduct distributor and user conferences to update our worldwide affiliates and user base on our new product offerings, marketing and promotional activities, pricing, best practices, technical information and other information.

We use the Salesforce.com CRM platform and the Hubsopt marketing automation tool globally to connect all our lead generation campaigns with our sales pipeline management. We have aligned all our local offices to work according to the same global sales and marketing processes. We have also used our own Magic xpi Integration Platform to automate processes between our Salesforce and SAP systems to increase efficiency.

Our sales cycle varies by size of the customer, the number of products purchased and the complexity of the customer’s infrastructure, ranging from several weeks for incremental sales to existing customers to several months for large deployments.

Competition

The markets for our Enterprise Mobility Solution, and Magic xpa and Magic xpi platforms are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, mergers and acquisitions, and rapidly changing customer requirements. These markets are therefore highly competitive, and we expect competition to continue to intensify. The growth of the cloud adoption and mobile markets increases the competition in these areas. We constantly follow and analyze the market trends and our competitors in order to effectively compete in these markets and avoid losing market share to our direct competitors and other players.

With Magic xpa, we compete in the low-code application platform, SOA architecture and enterprise mobility markets. Our main competitors fall into two categories: (1) providers of custom software and customer software solutions that address, or are developed to address, some of the use cases that can be addressed by applications developed on our platform; and (2) providers of low-code development platforms, such as Microsoft, Salesforce.com, ServiceNow, OutSystems, Appian, Pegasystems and Mendix.

As our market grows, we expect it will attract more highly specialized vendors as well as larger vendors that may continue to acquire or bundle their products more effectively. The principal competitive factors in our market include:

With Magic xpi, we compete in the integration platform market, which is highly competitive and rapidly evolving. Among our current competitors are IBM, Informatica, TIBCO, MuleSoft, Jitterbit, Talend, Dell–Boomi, Scribe and Software AG.

There are several similar products in the market utilizing the model driven architecture, or MDA, approach utilized by AppBuilder. The market for this type of platform is highly competitive. Companies such as CA and IBM have tools that compete directly with AppBuilder. Furthermore, new development paradigms have become very popular in IT software development and developers today have many alternatives.

As our market grows, we expect that it will attract more highly specialized vendors as well as larger vendors that may continue to acquire or bundle their products more effectively. The principal competitive factors in our market include:

We believe we generally compete favorably with our competitors with respect to the features, security and performance of our platform, the ease of integration of our applications and the relatively low total cost of ownership of our applications. However, many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, greater name recognition, larger sales and marketing budgets, broader distribution, more diversified product lines and larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios.

Our goal is to maintain our technological advantages, time to market and worldwide sales and distribution network. We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the market for our products include developer productivity, rapid results, product functionality, performance, reliability, scalability, portability, interoperability, ease-of-use, demonstrable economic benefits for developers and users relative to cost, quality of customer support and documentation, ease of installation, vendor reputation and experience, financial stability as well as intuitive and out-of-the-box solutions to extend the capabilities of ERP, CRM and other application vendors for enterprise integration.

Intellectual Property

In accordance with industry practice, since we have no registered patents on our software solution technologies, we rely upon a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect our rights in our software products. Our policy has been to pursue copyright protection for our software and related documentation and trademark registration of our product names. In addition, our key employees and independent contractors and distributors are required to sign non-disclosure and secrecy agreements.

We provide our products to customers under a non-exclusive, non-transferable license. Usually, we have not required end-users of our products to sign license agreements. Generally, a “shrink wrap” license agreement is included in the product packaging, which explains that by opening the package seal, the user is agreeing to the terms contained therein. It is uncertain whether license agreements of this type are legally enforceable in all of the countries in which the software is marketed.

We do not believe that patent laws are a significant source of protection for our products since the software industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, the policing of unauthorized use of software is a difficult task and software piracy is expected to continue to be a persistent problem for the packaged software industry. As there can be no assurance that the above-mentioned means of legal protection will be effective against piracy of our products, and since policing unauthorized use of software is difficult, software piracy can be expected to be a persistent potential problem.

We believe that because of the rapid pace of technological change in the software industry, the legal protections for our products are less significant factors in our success than the knowledge, ability and experience of our employees, the frequency of product enhancements and the timeliness and quality of our support services.

Our trademark rights include rights associated with our use of our trademarks and rights obtained by registration of our trademarks. The initial terms of the registration of our trademarks range from 10 to 20 years and are renewable thereafter. Our use and registration of our trademarks do not ensure that we have superior rights to others that may have registered or used identical or related marks on related goods or services. We have registered a copyright for our software in the United States and Japan. In addition, we have registered copyrights for some of our manuals in the United States and have acquired an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for some of our manuals. Our copyrights expire 70 years from date of first publication.

Environmental, Social & Governance Matters

We place emphasis on, and devote considerable time towards, business responsibility, sustainability, and delivering value for our customer base, employees, investors, suppliers, and each of our respective communities. We have developed a strong set of corporate values that inspire ethical behavior throughout their decision-making process and that promote one of our business objectives of bringing together a diverse group with the unique skill sets, knowledge, and talents to effectuate our vision.

C. Organizational Structure

The following table sets forth the legal name, location and country or state of incorporation and percentage ownership of our subsidiaries and affiliates as of December 31, 2023:

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

Our headquarters and principal administrative, finance, sales, marketing and research and development office is located in a 32,404 square foot office facility that we lease in Or Yehuda, Israel, a suburb of Tel Aviv. In 2023, we paid $0.7 million in annual rent for the Or Yehuda facilities under a lease agreement expiring in June 2033, with two additional five (5) year options to extend our lease agreement for.

Our subsidiaries lease office space in Laguna Hills, California; King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; Dallas, Texas; Houston, Texas; New Jersey; Atlanta, Georgia; Paris, France; Munich, Germany; Pune, India; Bangalore, India; Tokyo, Japan; Budapest, Hungary; Houten, the Netherlands; Johannesburg, South Africa; Bracknell, the United Kingdom; Saint Petersburg, Russia; New York, New York and various locations in Israel. The aggregate annual cost for such facilities was $3.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

A. Operating Results

The following discussion of our results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which appear elsewhere in this annual report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current plans, estimates and beliefs and involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report.

Background

We were organized under the laws of Israel on February 10, 1983 and began operations in 1986. Our Ordinary Shares have been listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market (symbol: MGIC) since our initial public offering in the United States on August 16, 1991. On January 3, 2011, our shares were transferred to the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Since November 16, 2000, our Ordinary Shares have also traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, or the TASE, and since December 15, 2011, our shares have been included in the TASE’s TA-125 Index.

Overview

We develop market, sell and support application platforms, business and process integration and selected vertical comprehensive software solutions packages. We have 72 active subsidiaries and affiliate in the United States, Israel, Europe, Asia and South Africa. Of such subsidiaries, 31 are engaged in developing, marketing and supporting vertical applications, as well as in selling and supporting our products, and 41 subsidiaries specialize in providing broad range of IT consulting and outsourcing services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology planning and implementation services, as well as supplemental outsourcing services.

As an IT technology innovator, we have many years of experience in assisting software companies and enterprises worldwide to produce and integrate their business applications. Our application platforms, Magic xpa, Magic SmartUX and AppBuilder, are used by thousands of enterprises and MSPs to develop solutions for their users and customers in approximately 50 countries. We also provide maintenance and technical support as well as professional services to our enterprise customers and to MSPs. In addition, we sell our Magic xpi and FactoryEye technologies for business integration to enterprises using specific popular software applications, such as SAP, Salesforce.com, IBM i (AS/400) or Oracle JD Edwards and other business applications. We refer to these vendor-centered market sectors as ecosystems.

Our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 are prepared in accordance with IFRS. For all periods up to and including the year ended December 31, 2021, we had historically prepared our financial statements in accordance with U.S GAAP. In order to comply with requirements of the SEC related to our transition to IFRS, we set the date of transition as January 1, 2021 and retrospectively applied IFRS as of that date and for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our consolidated statements of profit or loss presented herein in IFRS cover the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, as well as the year ended December 31, 2021 (as adjusted from its prior preparation in accordance with U.S. GAAP).

General

Our consolidated financial statements appearing in this annual report have been prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with IFRS.

Transactions and balances originally denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into dollars in accordance with the International Accounting Standard 21 (IAS 21) “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates.” The majority of our sales are made outside of Israel and a substantial part of them is in dollars. In addition, a substantial portion of our costs is incurred in dollars. Since the dollar is the primary currency of the economic environment in which we and certain of our subsidiaries operate, the dollar is our functional and reporting currency and accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the dollar are remeasured into dollars using the foreign exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. Operational accounts and non-monetary balance sheet accounts are measured and recorded at the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction. For certain foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, all balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date. Operational accounts have been translated using the average exchange rate prevailing during each year. The resulting translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in equity.

Vision and Focus Areas

Our vision of how the industry will evolve is being driven by the change in enterprise mobility, cloud computing , Big Data and AI. We believe that our technology and extensive services will allow us to expand our offerings into the cloud and mobile enterprise markets with speed, scale and flexibility. We intend to remain focused on both the technology and business architectures that will enable our customers to take advantage of the cost efficiencies and competitive advantages conveyed by these technologies. We intend to continue to prudently take advantage of opportunities to capture market transitions and to put our assets to use in existing and new markets as the recovery continues. We believe that our strategy and our ability to innovate and execute may enable us to improve our competitive position in difficult business conditions and may continue to provide us with long-term growth opportunities.

Key Factors Affecting Our Business

Our operations and the operating metrics discussed below have been and will likely continue to be affected by certain key factors as well as certain historical events and actions. The key factors affecting our business and results of operations include among others, dependence on a limited number of core product families, selected vertical software solutions and services, competition, ability to realize benefits from business acquisitions, dependence on a key customer for a significant percentage of our revenues and changes in the mix of revenues generated by different revenue elements affect our gross margins and profitability. For further discussion of the factors affecting our results of operations, see “Risk Factors.”

Dependence on a limited number of core product families and services

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales of application and integration platforms primarily under our Magic xpa, Magic xpi, FactoryEye, Magic SmartUX and AppBuilder brands and from related professional services, software maintenance and technical support as well as from packaged software solutions in several business verticals (mainly human recourses, cargo handling, patient medical records and billing), and from other IT professional services, which include IT consulting and outsourcing services. Our future growth depends heavily on our ability to effectively develop and sell new products developed by us or acquired from third parties as well as add new features to existing products. A decrease in revenues from our principal products and services would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Competition

We compete with other companies in the areas of application platforms, business integration and business process management, and in the applications and services markets in which we operate. The growth of the SaaS and Enterprise Mobility market has increased the competition in these areas. We expect that such competition will continue to increase in the future, both with respect to our technology, applications and services which we currently offer and applications and services which we and other vendors are developing. Increased competition, direct and indirect, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also compete with other companies in the technical IT consulting and outsourcing services industry. This industry is highly competitive and fragmented and has low entry barriers. We, through eight of our subsidiaries in the United States and five of our subsidiaries in Israel, compete for potential customers with providers of outsourcing services, systems integrators, computer systems consultants, other providers of technical IT consulting services and, to a lesser extent, temporary personnel agencies. We expect competition to increase, and we may not be able to remain competitive.

Some of our existing and potential competitors are larger companies, have substantially greater resources than us, including financial, technological, marketing, skilled human resources and distribution capabilities, and enjoy greater market recognition than us. We may not be able to differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors, offer our products as part of integrated systems or solutions to the same extent as our competitors, or successfully develop or introduce new products that are more cost-effective, or offer better performance than our competitors. Failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Dependence on key customers

We depend heavily on repeat software and professional services revenues from our base of existing customers. Our two largest customers accounted for 20.6% and 16.8% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for 26.4% and 22.9% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. If these existing customers decide not to continue utilizing our professional services, not to renew their existing engagements, not to continue using our products, or decide to significantly decrease their total expenditures with us, it may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. While one of these five customers is under a contract until December 31, 2027, under their master services agreements, the other customers may terminate their agreements with us upon only a 30-days’ notice and without any penalty.

The decrease we experienced in 2023 in the share of two of our largest clients out of our overall revenues, resulted from our largest revenue generating client, which without any advance notification and due to internal reasons unrelated to our software services, decided during the third quarter of 2023 and going forward to immediately suspend significant parts of its active time and materials-based projects.

Revenue Mix

We derive our revenues from the sale of proprietary and third-party software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support as well as from other IT professional services. In recent years the decline in our gross margin was primarily affected by the change in proportion of our revenues generated from the sale of each of those elements of our revenues. Our revenues from the sale of our proprietary software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support have higher gross margins than our revenues from third party software licenses and IT professional and outsourcing services. Any increase in the portion of third-party software license sales out of total license sales will decrease our gross profit margin. If the relative proportion of our revenues from the sale of IT professional services continues to increase as a percentage of our total revenues, our gross profit margins may continue to decline in the future.

The breakdown of our revenue mix for the twelve-month period of 2023 remained stable as approximately 17.4% related to our software solutions and 82.6% related to our professional services, compared to 17.5% related to our software and 82.5% related to our professional services in 2022. The decrease in our revenues from professional services is due: (i) to currency headwinds caused by the significant deterioration of the New Israeli Shekel (NIS) relative to the U.S. dollar in 2023 (reaching 9.7% for the year), which has hurt our Israeli shekel-denominated operations by approximately $22.9 million for the year; and (ii) to a substantial and unexpected decline in demand for our Professional services from several of our important U.S.-based blue-chip customers (including our largest client) which, without any advance notification and due to internal reasons unrelated to our software services, decided during the third quarter and going forward to suspend significant parts of their active time and materials based projects. Behind the decline also lies the ongoing challenging macroeconomic climate, which did not help our ability to overcome the primary adverse factors that weigh against us and the outbreak of the Israel’s war against the terrorist organization Hamas, which, among other things, has over the course of the fourth quarter led to the drafting to active military service of approximately 200 out of our 1,554 Israeli employees.

The breakdown of our gross profit mix for the twelve-month period of 2023 changed to approximately 36% of our gross profit related to our software solutions and 64% related to our professional services in 2023 as a whole, compared to 40% related to our software and 60% related to our professional services in 2022 as a whole. 

We may encounter difficulties in realizing the potential financial or strategic benefits of recent and future business acquisitions.

A significant part of our business strategy is to pursue acquisitions and other initiatives based on strategy centered on three key factors: growing our customer base, expanding geographically and adding complementary solutions to our portfolio— all while we seek to ensure our continued high quality of services and product delivery. As such, in recent years we made numerous of acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions of companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control and no assurance can be given that our future acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. In the future, we may seek to acquire or make strategic investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, or enter into strategic partnerships or alliances with third parties in the future in order to expand our business. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products and technologies to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has previously developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that new product enhancements will be made in a timely manner or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products.

If we acquire another business, we may face difficulties, including:

Impact of Currency Fluctuations and of Inflation

Our financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, our functional currency. However, a substantial portion of our revenues and costs are incurred in other currencies, particularly NIS, Euros, Japanese yen, and the British pound. We also maintain substantial non-U.S. dollar balances of assets, including cash, accounts receivable, and liabilities, including accounts payable and debts to banks and financial institutions. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the currencies in which we do business relative to the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. The depreciation of such other currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar has the effect of reducing the U.S. dollar value of any of our liabilities which are payable in those other currencies (unless such costs or payables are linked to the U.S. dollar). Such depreciation also has the effect of decreasing the U.S. dollar value of any asset that is denominated in such other currencies or receivables payable in such other currencies (unless such receivables are linked to the U.S. dollar). In addition, the U.S. dollar value of revenues and expenses denominated in such other currencies would decrease. Conversely, the appreciation of any currency in relation to the U.S. dollar has the effect of increasing the U.S. dollar value of any unlinked assets and the U.S. dollar amounts of any unlinked liabilities and increasing the U.S. dollar value of revenues and expenses denominated in other currencies.

In addition, while we incur a portion of our costs in NIS, the U.S. dollar cost of our operations in Israel is influenced by the extent to which any increase in the rate of inflation in Israel is (or is not) offset, or is offset on a lagging basis, by a devaluation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar.

Because exchange rates between the NIS, euro, Japanese Yen and the British pound and the U.S. dollar fluctuate continuously, exchange rate fluctuations and especially larger periodic devaluations will have an impact on our profitability and period-to-period comparisons of our results. We cannot assure you that in the future our results of operations may not be adversely affected by currency fluctuations.

In 2023 and in 2022, the NIS and Japanese yen depreciated relative to the US dollar by 9.7% and 6.9%, respectively and 4% and 19.7%, respectively (based on the average exchange rates over the course of 2023 as compared to 2022 and 2022 as compared to 2021, respectively), thereby decreasing the US dollar value of the revenues that we generated in those other currencies and having a negative impact on our revenues and on our results of operations. However, in 2021, the NIS appreciated relative to the US dollar by 6% which had a positive impact on our revenues and on our results of operations. A continued trend of depreciation of such currencies relative to the US dollar in future periods would have a similar adverse impact.

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated (depreciation) or appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the most important currencies for our business and the Israeli consumer price index:

Segments

We report our results on the basis of two reportable business segments: software services (which include proprietary and non-proprietary software technology and complementary services) and IT professional services. Set forth below is segment information for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.