SEC Form 424B5 filed by GSI Technology

10/21/25 5:24:42 PM ET

$GSIT

Semiconductors

Technology

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424B5 1 tm2529174-1_424b5.htm 424B5 tm2529174-1_424b5 - none - 4.8160897s

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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)

Registration No. 333-272985

Prospectus Supplement
(To Prospectus Dated July 19, 2023)

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1,508,462 Shares of Common Stock
Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 3,491,538 Shares of Common Stock

Pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, we are offering in a registered direct offering to certain purchasers (i) 1,508,462 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,491,538 shares of our common stock (the “pre-funded warrants”) and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants.

We are offering pre-funded warrants in lieu of shares of our common stock to investors whose purchase of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in such investor, together with its affiliates, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the investor, up to 9.99%) of our common stock. The per share exercise price for the pre-funded warrants will be $0.01, and the pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full.

Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “GSIT.” On October 20, 2025, the last reported sales price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $12.97 per share. The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated, and is likely to continue to fluctuate, due to a variety of factors.

There is no established public trading market for the pre-funded warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for a listing of the pre-funded warrants on Nasdaq, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

We have retained Needham & Company (the “Placement Agent”) as our placement agent in connection with this offering with respect to certain purchasers. The Placement Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities. We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent the Placement Agent fees set forth in the table below. The gross proceeds to us before expenses will be approximately $50.0 million. We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this offering, excluding the Placement Agent fees, will be approximately $200,000.

INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISK. SEE “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE S-10 OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, PAGE 5 OF THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS, AND IN THE DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE HEREIN AND THEREIN.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Per Share			Per Pre-Funded Warrant			Total
Offering price		$	10.0000		$	9.9900		$	49,965,084.62
Placement agent fees(1)		$	0.6000		$	0.5994		$	2,997,905.08
Proceeds to GSI Technology, Inc. before expenses(2)		$	9.4000		$	9.3906		$	46,967,179.54

(1)

We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement commission equal to 6% of the aggregate proceeds from the sale of the securities sold in this offering. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-20 of this prospectus supplement for more information regarding the compensation to be received by the Placement Agent.

(2)

The amount of the offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give any effect to any exercise of the pre-funded warrants issued in this offering.

Delivery of the securities in this offering is expected to be made on or about October 22, 2025, subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions.

Sole Placement Agent

Needham & Company

The date of this prospectus supplement is October 21, 2025.

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT		S-1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		S-3
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY		S-5
THE OFFERING		S-8
RISK FACTORS		S-10
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		S-13
USE OF PROCEEDS		S-16
DILUTION		S-17
Description of Pre-Funded Warrants		S-18
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		S-20
LEGAL MATTERS		S-22
EXPERTS		S-22

PROSPECTUS

	ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS					1
	SUMMARY					2
	RISK FACTORS					5
	SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					6
	USE OF PROCEEDS					8
	SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER					9
	DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK					10
	DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES					12
	PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION					23
	LEGAL MATTERS					25
	EXPERTS					25
	INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE					25
	WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION					26

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus dated July 19, 2023 are part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may from time to time sell any combination of the securities described in the accompanying prospectus in one or more offerings.

This prospectus supplement describes the terms of this offering of securities and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or any document incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus that was filed with the SEC before the date of this prospectus supplement, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date-for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement-the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

We have not, and the Placement Agent has not, authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. Neither we nor the Placement Agent take any responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. The information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, including the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, is accurate only as of the respective dates thereof, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or of any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, including the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, in their entirety before making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the section titled “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference” in this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying prospectus.

We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus contain summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been or will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part or as exhibits to documents incorporated by reference herein, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

We, and the Placement Agent, are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our securities only in jurisdictions in which offers and sales are permitted. The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the offering of the securities in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities and the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus outside the United States. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute, and may

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not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus supplement to:

•

“GSI” and “GSI Technology” refer to GSI Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation; and

•

“we,” “us,” and “our” or the “Company” refer to GSI Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

Our website address is www.gsitechnology.com. The information on our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address herein is an inactive textual reference only.

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Statements in this prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus supplement, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement contain important information about us that you should read before investing in our securities.

The following documents are incorporated by reference into this document (other than the portions of these documents deemed to be “furnished” or not deemed to be “filed,” including the portions of these documents that are furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of a Current Report on Form 8-K, including any exhibits included with such Items):

•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on June 18, 2025;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 8, 2025;

•

our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on July 17, 2025 (excluding those portions that are not incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025);

•

our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2025, May 29, 2025, June 3, 2025, July 31, 2025, August 22, 2025, and October 21, 2025; and

•

the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A, as filed with the SEC on March 27, 2007 (File No. 001-33387), including any amendments or reports for the purpose of updating such description.

We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement all documents (other than the portions of such documents deemed to be “furnished” or not deemed to be “filed,” including the portions of these documents that are furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of a Current Report on Form 8-K, including any exhibits included with such Items) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement but prior to the termination of the offering. These documents include periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement but not delivered with the prospectus supplement, including exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests should be directed to: GSI Technology, Inc., Attn: Investor Relations, 1213 Elko Drive, Sunnyvale, California 94089.

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Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the document to the extent that a statement contained in this document or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document modifies or supersedes the statement.

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained in other parts of this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying prospectus, or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement from the filings with the SEC listed above under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.” It does not contain all of the information you should consider before making an investment decision. Before you decide to invest in our securities, you should carefully read the entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the risk factors and the financial statements and related notes included or incorporated by reference herein and therein. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

GSI provides in-place associative computing solutions for applications in high growth markets such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and high-performance computing (“HPC”), including natural language processing and computer vision. Our associative processing unit (“APU”) family of products are focused on applications using similarity search and Boolean processing. Similarity search is very efficient for large database search queries. The APU utilizes this technique to provide large scale search coverage in a small, low power footprint for ecommerce, computer vision, drug discovery, cyber security and service markets such as NoSQL, Elasticsearch, and OpenSearch. Our extensive historical experience in developing high speed synchronous static random access memory, or SRAM, facilitated our ability to transform the focus of our business to the development of reliable hardware AI products and solutions.

Even as we expand our offering of in-place associative computing solutions, we continue to be committed to the synchronous SRAM market, by making available exceedingly high density performance memory products for incorporation into test and measurement applications and high-performance networking and telecommunications equipment, such as routers, switches, wide area network infrastructure equipment, wireless base stations and network access equipment. Our position in the synchronous SRAM market is well established and we have long-term supplier relationships with many of the leading original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, customers including KYEC and Nokia. The revenue generated by these sales of high-speed synchronous SRAM products is being used to finance the development of in-place associative computing solutions and new types of SRAM products. We also serve the ongoing needs of the military/defense and aerospace markets by offering robust high-quality radiation-tolerant and radiation-hardened space grade SRAMs in addition to in-place associative computing solutions for the military/defense and aerospace markets such as synthetic aperture radar (“SAR”) image processing.

We utilize a fabless business model for the manufacture of our APU and SRAM products, which allows us both to focus our resources on research and development, product design and marketing, and to gain access to advanced process technologies with only modest capital investment and fixed costs.

GSI’s fiscal year 2025 net revenue decreased by 6% compared to net revenue in fiscal year 2024, reflecting cautionary spending by our customers and fewer purchases made as a result of worldwide inflationary pressures, higher interest rates, increasing geopolitical tensions and decline in the global economic environment, all of which resulted in reduced demand for our SRAM products. GSI’s gross margin decreased by 4.9% compared to the prior fiscal year primarily due to product mix and the effect of lower revenue on the fixed costs in our cost of revenues as well as severance related payments related to our August 2024 cost reduction initiative.

In June 2023, we announced the receipt of an award of a prototype agreement with the Space Development Agency for the development of a Next-Generation Associative Processing Unit-2 (“APU2”) for Enhanced Space-Based Capabilities. Our next-generation non-Von-Neumann Associative Processing Unit compute in-memory integrated circuit (“IC”) offers unique capabilities to address the challenges faced by the United States Space Force in processing extensive sets of big data in space. Our overarching objective is to enable and enhance current and future mission capabilities through the deployment of compute in-memory integrated systems that can efficiently handle vast amounts of data in real-time at the edge. The APU, featuring a scalable format, compact footprint, and low power consumption, presents an ideal solution for edge applications where prompt and precise responses are crucial. These capabilities empower the U.S. Space force to swiftly detect, warn, analyze, attribute, and forecast potential and actual threats in space, ultimately bolstering the ability of the United States to maintain and leverage space superiority. The U.S. Space Force is

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actively seeking solutions to address current limitations in processing big data that is needed to execute the mission objectives of the Space Development Agency within the evolving and challenging space environment. This award is funded by the Small Business Innovation Research program, a competitive program funded by various U.S. government agencies, that encourages small businesses to engage in federal research and development with the potential for commercialization. Under the terms of this Direct to Phase II award, we are developing an advanced non-Von-Neumann Associative Processing Unit-2, compute in-memory IC, and design and fabricate an APU2 Evaluation Board. Pursuant to an agreed-upon schedule, we are to receive milestone payments totaling an estimated $1.25 million upon the successful completion of predetermined milestones, of which $435,000 was received in fiscal 2024 and $318,000 was received in fiscal 2025.

In January 2024, we announced that GSI was selected by AFWERX the innovation arm of the U.S. Department of the Air Force for an SBIR Direct-to-Phase II contract in the amount of $1.1 million to demonstrate high-data computation use cases leveraging the distinct compute in-memory architecture of our APU2. We are creating specialized algorithms for the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (“AFRL”) to leverage the compute-in-memory architecture of the Gemini® APU. This chip is designed for various AI applications to tackle key challenges in the Department of the Air Force, including in-aircraft search and rescue, object detection, moving target indication, change detection, and structural similarity index measure (“SSIM”) in GPS-absent situations. We are also developing algorithms using data from the U.S. Space Force to showcase the performance benefits of our compute-in-memory APU2 integrated circuit. We will receive milestone payments totaling an estimated $1.1 million upon the successful completion of predetermined milestones, of which $157,000 was received in fiscal 2025.

In January 2025, we announced that GSI has been selected by the U.S. Army for a potential contract award of up to $250,000 under the Department of Defense SBIR program. The contract represents a significant opportunity for GSI to develop advanced, Army-specific edge computing AI solutions using our groundbreaking Gemini-II technology. The project will focus on two critical objectives that showcase the potential of our innovative architecture. First, we will determine the feasibility of integrating Gemini-II with AI models specifically tailored for the Army’s edge computing needs. This determination will involve a comprehensive assessment of operational challenges, optimization with the Gemini-II architecture, and establishing key performance metrics through detailed customer discovery and technical specifications for edge AI development. The second objective centers on identifying and validating the most suitable AI algorithms for the Gemini-II platform. We will conduct in-depth research to select efficient edge AI models, develop a detailed integration plan, and evaluate performance metrics for low-latency and high-throughput applications of value in military environments. Particularly noteworthy is the project’s focus on developing 1-bit Large Language Models (LLMs) for the U.S. Army that maintain high accuracy while providing exceptionally low power consumption and minimal latency. This innovation not only promises to benefit warfighters but also presents compelling application opportunities across multiple dual-use markets, including complex computer vision recognition, autonomous vehicle navigation and mobile data computation. There have been no payments received under this award as of March 31, 2025.

Our APU technology is implemented in a series of Gemini AI chips. Gemini-I is in full production. We are marketing specific differentiated applications and APIs as-a-Service adding Amazon Web Services, Azure, or Google Cloud Storage users to our customer base along with those that want on-prem or to build embedded edge products. We support customers with prebuilt APIs and libraries to support their parallel programming of the Gemini-I. The software stack accelerates development by providing an integrated framework environment for the compute-in-memory as well as host and management code modules. Our compiler stack framework allows customers to optimize their applications by editing APIs provided by GSI, or write their own APIs.

In January 2024, we received first silicon for our second-generation Gemini-II chip. Testing has been proceeding well and we are looking forward to bringing our Gemini-II product with an order of magnitude improved performance to the general market in mid-calendar 2025. We have begun benchmarking and are working to support the Gemini-II with a python supported compiler this year.

In March 2025, we secured an initial production order for our radiation-hardened SRAM from a North American prime contractor, with follow-on orders expected in fiscal 2026. This sale carries a significantly higher gross margin than our traditional SRAM chips. In parallel, we are actively pursuing heritage status for this chip, which will improve our market readiness and open important new sales channels.

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Recent Developments

Our financial statements for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025 are not yet available. Accordingly, the information presented below reflects our preliminary estimates subject to the completion of our financial closing procedures. As a result, these preliminary estimates may differ from the actual results that will be reflected in our financial statements when they are completed and publicly disclosed. These preliminary estimates may change and those changes may be material.

Our expectations with respect to our preliminary estimates for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025 are based upon management estimates and are the responsibility of management. Our independent registered public accounting firm has not audited, reviewed or performed any procedures with respect to these preliminary results and, accordingly, does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about them.

We estimate our net revenue for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025 was approximately $6.4 million and $12.7 million, respectively, and we estimate our gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was approximately 54.8%.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in California in 1995 under the name Giga Semiconductor, Inc. We changed our name to GSI Technology in December 2003 and reincorporated in Delaware in June 2004 under the name GSI Technology, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 1213 Elko Drive, Sunnyvale, California, 94089, and our telephone number is (408) 331-8800.

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THE OFFERING

Common stock offered by us

1,508,462 shares of our common stock

Common stock to be outstanding
after this offering

30,599,088 shares of our common stock (assuming none of the pre-funded warrants issued in this offering are exercised).

Pre-funded warrants offered by
us:

We are offering pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,491,538 shares of our common stock in lieu of shares of common stock to certain investors whose purchase of shares of common stock in this offering would otherwise result in the investor, together with its affiliates, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, up to 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering. The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant is equal to the price at which a share of common stock is sold in this offering, minus $0.01, and the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant is $0.01 per share. Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full.

Offering Price Per Share of
Common Stock:

$10.00 per share.

Offering Price Per Pre-Funded Warrant

$9.99 per pre-funded warrant.

Use of Proceeds

We expect to receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $47 million after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, for working capital and general corporate purposes, including development of the Company’s APU product line. See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-16 of this prospectus supplement.

Risk Factors

Investing in our securities involves significant risks. See the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” on page S-10 in this prospectus supplement and under similar headings in other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.

Nasdaq symbol

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GSIT.” There is no established public trading market for the pre-funded warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for a listing of the pre-funded warrants on Nasdaq, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 29,090,626 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2025, and excludes, in each case as of June 30, 2025:

•

7,865,098 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, having a weighted average exercise price of $4.98 per share; and

•

3,434,068 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and our 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

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Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus assumes no exercise of the outstanding options referred to above and no vesting and settlement of the outstanding restricted stock units referred to above and no exercise of the pre-funded warrants we are offering to certain investors.

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RISK FACTORS

You should consider carefully the risks described below and discussed under the section captioned “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as revised and supplemented by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed since the filing of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, each of which is incorporated by reference herein, and any subsequent reports we file after the date of this prospectus supplement, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement in their entirety, together with other information in this prospectus supplement, and the information and documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering before you make a decision to invest in our securities. If any of the following events actually occur, our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline and you may lose all or part of your investment. The risks described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations.

Risks Relating to this Offering

If you purchase shares of our common stock or pre-funded warrants sold in this offering, you may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of your shares. In addition, we may issue additional equity or convertible debt securities in the future, which may result in additional dilution to you.

The price per share of our common stock being offered may be higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock prior to this offering. After giving effect to the issuance and sale of 1,508,462 shares of our common stock and 3,491,538 pre-funded warrants at the offering price of $10.00 per share and $9.99 per pre-funded warrant, for gross proceeds of approximately $50.0 million, and after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, new investors in this offering will incur immediate dilution of $7.25 per share based on our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2025. For a more detailed discussion of the foregoing, see the section entitled “Dilution” below. To the extent outstanding stock options or pre-funded warrants are exercised or earnout shares are issued, there will be further dilution to new investors. In addition, to the extent we need to raise additional capital in the future and we issue additional shares of common stock or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock, our then existing stockholders may experience dilution and the new securities may have rights senior to those of our common stock offered in this offering.

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds,” and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. Our management might not apply our net proceeds in ways that ultimately increase the value of your investment. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, for working capital and general corporate purposes, including development of the Company’s APU product line. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this offering in money market funds, certificates of deposit and agency bonds. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.

You may experience dilution if we issue additional equity securities in future fundraising transactions.

To raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell

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additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.

Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gain.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We anticipate that we will retain our earnings, if any, for future growth and therefore do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the future. As a result, only appreciation of the price of our common stock will provide a return to shareholders.

The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

•

the establishment of a market for our new associative computing products;

•

actual or anticipated declines in operating results;

•

changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;

•

the institution of legal proceedings against us or significant developments in such proceedings;

•

announcements by us or our competitors of financial results, new products, significant technological innovations, contracts, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures, capital commitments or other events;

•

changes in industry estimates of demand for APU, RadHard and RadTolerant and Very Fast SRAM products;

•

the gain or loss of significant orders or customers;

•

recruitment or departure of key personnel; and

•

market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole.

In recent years, the stock market in general, and the market for technology stocks in particular, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. We have recently experienced price volatility in our common stock and, while we are continuing to execute our business strategy, we have not had any recent changes in our financial condition or results of operations that are consistent with the recent change in our stock price. The market price of our common stock might experience significant fluctuations in the future, including fluctuations unrelated to our performance. These fluctuations could materially adversely affect our business relationships, our ability to obtain future financing on favorable terms or otherwise harm our business. In addition, in the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially acute for us because the extreme volatility of market prices of technology companies has resulted in a larger number of securities class action claims against them. Due to the potential volatility of our stock price, we may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. This could harm our business and cause the value of our stock to decline.

There is no public market for the pre-funded warrants being offered in this offering.

There is no established public trading market for the pre-funded warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the pre-funded warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants will be limited.

Holders of our pre-funded warrants will have no rights as shareholders until they acquire our common stock.

Until you acquire common stock upon exercise of your pre-funded warrants, you will have no rights with respect to our common stock issuable upon exercise of your pre-funded warrants. Upon exercise of your

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pre-funded warrants, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a shareholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

The pre-funded warrants are speculative in nature.

The pre-funded warrants offered hereby do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire ordinary shares at a fixed price. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the pre-funded warrants may acquire the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of such warrants at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the pre-funded warrants will be uncertain, and there can be no assurance that the market value of the pre-funded warrants will equal or exceed their public offering price.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain matters discussed in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein may constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “may,” “expect” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, where such forward-looking statements appear. All written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Such forward-looking statements include (but are not limited to) the following:

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

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Unpredictable fluctuations in our operating results could cause our stock price to decline.

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KYEC, Nokia and Cadence Design Systems account for a significant percentage of our net revenues. If these customers, or any of our other major customers, reduces the amount they purchase, stops purchasing our products or fails to pay us, our financial position and operating results will suffer.

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We cannot assure you that our ongoing evaluation of strategic alternatives will result in any particular outcome, and the perceived uncertainties related to GSI Technology could adversely affect our business and our shareholders.

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We depend upon the sale of our Very Fast SRAMs for most of our revenues while we transform the focus of our business to the sale of in-place associative computing products and services, and a downturn in demand for Very Fast SRAM products or our inability to achieve our revenue goals for our new in-place associative computing products and services may cause us to experience cash shortfalls that would harm our business and our future prospects.

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Our future success is substantially dependent on the successful introduction of new in-place associative computing products which entails significant risks.

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Higher interest rates, worldwide inflationary pressures, increased or new tariffs, trade disputes and restrictions, increasing geopolitical tensions, the evolving conflict in Israel, the military conflict in Ukraine, and the decline in the global economic environment may adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

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We have incurred significant losses and may incur losses in the future.

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If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected.

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If we determine that our goodwill and intangible assets have become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our operating results.

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We are dependent on a number of single source suppliers.

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If we do not successfully develop new products to respond to rapid market changes due to changing technology and evolving industry standards, particularly in the networking and telecommunications markets, our business will be harmed.

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If we are unable to offset increased wafer fabrication and assembly costs, our gross margins will suffer.

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We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the networking and telecommunications markets.

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We rely heavily on distributors and our business will be negatively impacted if we are unable to develop and manage distribution channels and accurately forecast future sales through our distributors.

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We are substantially dependent on the continued services of our senior management and other key personnel. If we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed.

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•

Systems issues, data protection and cyber-attacks could disrupt our internal operations or the operations of our business partners, and any such disruption could harm our business.

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Demand for our products may decrease if our OEM customers experience difficulty manufacturing, marketing or selling their products.

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Our products have lengthy sales cycles that make it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast results.

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Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

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Our acquisition of companies or technologies could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.

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Our business will suffer if we are unable to protect our intellectual property or if there are claims that we infringe third party intellectual property rights.

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Any significant order cancellations or order deferrals could adversely affect our operating results.

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If our business grows, such growth may place a significant strain on our management and operations.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Product Development

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We may experience difficulties in transitioning our manufacturing process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

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Manufacturing process technologies are subject to rapid change and require significant expenditures.

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Our products may contain defects, which could reduce revenues or result in claims against us.

Risks Related to Our International Business and Operations

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The international political, social and economic environment, including the imposition of tariffs and resulting consequences and the risks for escalating military conflicts, particularly relating to Israel and Taiwan, may affect our business performance.

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Governmental export and import controls could impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we violate the controls.

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Global trade policy changes, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Certain of our independent suppliers and OEM customers have operations in the Pacific Rim, an area subject to significant risk of natural disasters and outbreak of contagious diseases.

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The United States could materially modify certain international trade agreements, or change tax provisions related to the global manufacturing and sales of our products.

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Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics, and changes in international geopolitical circumstances and domestic budget considerations may hurt our business.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

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The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and which may cause dilution to existing stockholders.

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Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates hold a substantial percentage of our common stock.

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The provisions of our charter documents might inhibit potential acquisition bids that a stockholder might believe are desirable, and the market price of our common stock could be lower as a result.

In addition, you should refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus supplement for a discussion of other important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus supplement will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if the forward-looking

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statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus supplement represent our views as of the date of this prospectus supplement. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so, and we disclaim any obligation to do so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this prospectus supplement.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $47 million, after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We currently intend to use any net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus supplement, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, for working capital and general corporate purposes, including development of the Company’s APU product line.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, as well as the amount of cash used in our operations. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds. Pending the uses described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this offering in money market funds, certificates of deposit and agency bonds.

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DILUTION

If you invest in our securities, your interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the price per share you pay in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Our net tangible book value of our common stock as of June 30, 2025 was $37 million, or $1.28 per share of common stock based upon 29,090,626 shares outstanding. Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible assets, less our total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025.

After giving effect to our issuance and sale of 1,508,462 shares of our common stock and 3,491,538 pre-funded warrants at the offering price of $10.00 per share and $9.99 per pre-funded warrant, for gross proceeds of approximately $50.0 million, and after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2025 would have been $84 million, or $2.75 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of $1.47 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of $7.25 per share to new investors purchasing securities in this offering. The following table illustrates this calculation on a per share basis:

Assumed offering price per share of common stock			$	10.00
Historical net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2025	$	1.28
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the offering		1.47
As adjusted net tangible book value per share, after this offering				2.75
Dilution per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering			$	7.25

•

7,865,098 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, having a weighted average exercise price of $4.98 per share; and

•

3,434,068 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and our 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus assumes no exercise of the outstanding options referred to above, no vesting and settlement of the outstanding restricted stock units referred to above and no exercise of the pre-funded warrants we are offering to certain investors.

In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, you will experience further dilution.

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DESCRIPTION OF PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS

The following is a brief summary of certain terms and conditions of the pre-funded warrants being offered by this prospectus supplement. The following description is subject in all respects to the provisions contained in the pre-funded warrants.

Form

The pre-funded warrants will be issued as individual warrant agreements to the investors. The form of pre-funded warrant will be filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K that we expect to file with the SEC in connection with this offering.

Term

The pre-funded warrants will not expire.

Exercisability

The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable, at the option of the holder, for all or any part of the unexercised pre-funded warrants by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice by means of either payment of the aggregate exercise price or cashless exercise, in which the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the pre-funded warrant. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a pre-funded warrant.

Exercise limitations

We may not effect the exercise of any pre-funded warrant, and a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of any pre-funded warrant that, upon giving effect to such exercise, would cause the holder (together with its affiliates) to beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants. However, any holder of a pre-funded warrant may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% upon at least 61 days’ prior written notice from the holder to us.

Exercise price

The exercise price per share of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants is $0.01 per share. The exercise price of the pre-funded warrants and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain share dividends and distributions, share splits, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock.

Transferability

Subject to compliance with applicable laws, the pre-funded warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

Exchange listing

We do not plan on applying to list the pre-funded warrants on Nasdaq, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Warrant agent

We will initially serve as the warrant agent under the pre-funded warrants.

Fundamental transactions

Upon the consummation of a fundamental transaction (as described in the pre-funded warrants, and generally including any capital reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the

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sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person), the holders of the pre-funded warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that such holders would have received had they exercised the pre-funded warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, without regard to any limitations on exercise contained in the pre-funded warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holder has the right to elect prior to the consummation of such fundamental transaction to give effect to the exercise rights set forth in the pre-funded warrant.

No rights as a shareholder

Except by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holder of a pre-funded warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights or rights to receive dividends, until such holder exercises the pre-funded warrant and receives the underlying common stock.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Pursuant to an agreement dated as of October 21, 2025 (the “Placement Agreement”), we have engaged the Placement Agent to act as our placement agent in connection with this offering. The Placement Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will assist us in this offering on a reasonable best-efforts basis. We have entered into a securities purchase agreement directly with the investors in connection with this offering, and we will only sell to investors who have entered into the securities purchase agreement.

We are selling directly to certain purchasers under this prospectus supplement (i) 1,508,462 shares of our common stock at an offering price of $10.00 per share of common stock and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 3,491,538 shares of common stock at an offering price of $9.99 per pre-funded warrant. The closing of this offering is subject to customary closing conditions. We expect that the sale of our securities will be completed on or around the date indicated on the cover page of this prospectus supplement.

The securities offered by this prospectus supplement will be sold pursuant to a securities purchase agreement between us and the purchasers purchasing our securities in this offering. For the complete terms of the securities purchase agreement, you should refer to the form of securities purchase agreement which will be filed as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC in connection with this offering, and which is incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is part.

Fees and Expenses

The following table shows the offering price, placement agent fees and proceeds, before expenses, to us.

	Per Share			Per Pre-Funded Warrant			Total
Offering price		$	10.0000		$	9.9900		$	49,965,084.62
Placement agent fees(1)		$	0.6000		$	0.5994		$	2,997,905.08
Proceeds to GSI Technology, Inc. before expenses(2)		$	9.4000		$	9.3906		$	46,967,179.54

(1)

We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement commission equal to 6% of the aggregate proceeds from the sale of the securities sold in this offering.

(2)

The amount of the offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give any effect to any exercise of the pre-funded warrants issued in this offering.

We have agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent for $50,000 for their expenses relating to clearing of this offering. We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this offering, excluding the Placement Agent fees, will be approximately $200,000.

Regulation M

The Placement Agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the shares sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the Placement Agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares by the Placement Agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the Placement Agent:

•

may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and

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may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.

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Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent and specified other persons against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, relating to or arising out of the Placement Agent’s activities under the Placement Agreement and to contribute to payments that the Placement Agent may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.

Lock-Up Agreements

We and each of our executive officers and directors have entered into customary lock-up agreements that provide that for a period of 60 days after this offering is complete, subject to certain limited circumstances, we and they will not offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent.

The Placement Agent may in its discretion and at any time release some or all of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the lock-up period. When determining whether or not to release shares from the lock-up agreements, the Placement Agent will consider, among other factors, the security holder’s reasons for requesting the release, the number of shares for which the release is being requested and market conditions at the time.

Transfer Agent

The transfer agent for our common stock is Computershare Limited.

Listing

Our common stock is quoted on Nasdaq under the symbol “GSIT.” On October 20, 2025, the last reported sales price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $12.97 per share. The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated, and is likely to continue to fluctuate, due to a variety of factors.

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LEGAL MATTERS

DLA Piper LLP (US), Palo Alto, California, will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby on behalf of the Company. Covington & Burling LLP, New York, New York, is counsel to the Placement Agent in connection with this offering.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 and for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025 incorporated by reference in this Prospectus have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of BDO USA, P.A., an independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated herein by reference, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

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PROSPECTUS

$100,000,000

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units

We may, from time to time in one or more offerings, offer and sell up to $100.0 million in the aggregate of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock or debt securities, or any combination of the foregoing, either individually or as units comprised of one or more of the other securities.

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. We will provide the specific terms of the securities offered in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Please read carefully this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference before you invest in any of our securities. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC under the symbol “GSIT.” On June 27, 2023, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $6.53 per share. We have recently experienced price volatility in our stock and, while we are continuing to execute our business strategy, we have not had any recent changes in our financial condition or results of operations that is consistent with the recent change in our stock price.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” on page 5 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus and other future filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, for a discussion of the factors we urge you to consider carefully before deciding to purchase our securities.

We may sell these securities directly to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers. For additional information on the methods of sale, please see the section titled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. If any underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such underwriters and any applicable commissions or discounts will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is July 19, 2023

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	ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS					1
	SUMMARY					2
	RISK FACTORS					5
	SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					6
	USE OF PROCEEDS					8
	SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER					9
	DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK					10
	DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES					12
	PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION					23
	LEGAL MATTERS					25
	EXPERTS					25
	INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE					25
	WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION					26

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings, up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million.

This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this prospectus, we will, to the extent required by law, provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to a particular offering. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between any statement contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus or any document incorporated by reference into this prospectus, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

The information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document, and any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or the time of any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

You may rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, or the information contained in any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.

As permitted by SEC rules and regulations, the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part includes additional information not contained in this prospectus. This prospectus also contains summaries of certain provisions of the documents described herein, but all summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual documents. You may read the registration statement and the other reports we file with the SEC, and you may obtain copies of the actual documents summarized herein (if and when filed with the SEC), at the SEC’s website or at its offices described in the section of this prospectus titled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

The representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Before making an investment decision, please carefully read this entire prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, especially the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus and our financial statements and the related notes incorporated by reference into this prospectus. In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “GSI,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to GSI Technology, Inc.

Overview

GSI provides in-place associative computing solutions for applications in high growth markets such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and high-performance computing, including natural language processing and computer vision. Our associative processing unit (“APU”) products are focused on applications using similarity search. Similarity search is used in visual search queries for ecommerce, computer vision, drug discovery, cyber security and service markets such as NoSQL, Elasticsearch, and OpenSearch. Our extensive historical experience in developing high speed synchronous static random access memory (“SRAM”), facilitated our ability to transform the focus of our business to the development of reliable hardware AI products and solutions like the APU.

Even as we expand our offering of in-place associative computing solutions, we continue to be committed to the synchronous SRAM market, by making available exceedingly high density performance memory products for incorporation into high-performance networking and telecommunications equipment, such as routers, switches, wide area network infrastructure equipment, wireless base stations and network access equipment. Our position in the synchronous SRAM market is well established and we have long-term supplier relationships with many of the leading original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, customers including Nokia. The revenue generated by these sales of high-speed synchronous SRAM products is being used to finance the development of our new in-place associative computing solutions and new types of SRAM products. We also serve the ongoing needs of the military/defense and aerospace markets by offering robust high-quality radiation-tolerant and radiation-hardened space grade SRAMs in addition to new in-place associative computing solutions including synthetic aperture radar image processing.

Corporate Information

The Securities We May Offer

Under this prospectus, we may, from time to time in one or more offerings, offer and sell up to $100.0 million in the aggregate of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or any combination of the foregoing, either individually or as units comprised of one or more of the other securities. The prices and terms of our offer and sale of such securities will be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide offerees with a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

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designation or classification;

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aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price;

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maturity, if applicable;

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original issue discount, if any;

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rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any;

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redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any;

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conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange;

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ranking;

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restrictive covenants, if any;

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voting or other rights, if any; and

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important U.S. federal income tax considerations.

The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

The following is a general summary of the securities we may offer with this prospectus. For more specific information regarding any offering of securities, please read the prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you in connection with a particular offering, together with any exhibits that may be filed setting forth the terms of the securities.

Common Stock

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Certificate of Incorporation”) currently authorizes the issuance of up to 150,000,000 shares of common stock. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends declared by our Board of Directors. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably with the holders of any outstanding preferred stock in the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, conversion or redemption rights.

Preferred Stock

Our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to designate and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. In addition, the Board may fix the rights, preferences and privileges of any preferred stock it determines to issue. Any or all of these rights may be superior to the rights of the common stock. Preferred stock could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or to make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may dilute the voting power and decrease the market price of the common stock, and reduce the likelihood that the holders of common stock will receive payments in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.

Debt Securities

We may offer general debt obligations, which may be secured or unsecured, senior or subordinated and convertible into common stock. In this prospectus, we refer to debt securities having any or all of these features as “debt securities.” We may issue debt securities under a note purchase agreement or under an indenture to be entered between us and a trustee. We will issue any senior debt securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue any subordinated debt securities under the subordinated indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a

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part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. Our board of directors will determine the terms of each series of debt securities we may offer.

Warrants

We may offer warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. We may issue the warrants by themselves or together with shares or common stock or preferred stock or with debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Our board of directors will determine the terms of the warrants, including the class and number of underlying shares, the purchase price and any other rights and privileges, which will be set forth in the form of warrant or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate.

Units

We may offer units comprised of any combination of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities or warrants to purchase any of these securities, in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent, which will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of any unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves significant risk. The prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of our securities will contain a discussion of the risks applicable to an investment in GSI. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, as revised or supplemented by our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or our current reports on Form 8-K that we have filed with the SEC, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and which may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements that are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words.

These statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain. Actual events or results may differ substantially. Important factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from the forward-looking statements include (but are not limited to) the following:

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

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Unpredictable fluctuations in our operating results could cause our stock price to decline.

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Our largest OEM customer accounts for a significant percentage of our net revenues. If this customer, or any of our other major customers, reduces the amount they purchase, stops purchasing our products or fails to pay us, our financial position and operating results will suffer.

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Rising interest rates, worldwide inflationary pressures, bank failures, the military conflict in Ukraine, significant fluctuations in energy prices and the decline in the global economic environment may continue to adversely affect our financial condition.

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We have incurred significant losses and may incur losses in the future.

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We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, and if our remediation of such material weakness is not effective, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements could be impaired.

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Goodwill impairment and related charges, as well as other accounting charges or adjustments could negatively impact our operating results.

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We depend upon the sale of our Very Fast SRAMs for most of our revenues and the market for Very Fast SRAMs is highly competitive.

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If we do not successfully implement certain cost reduction initiatives, we may suffer adverse impacts on our business and operations.

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We are dependent on a number of single source suppliers.

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If we do not successfully develop and introduce the new in-place associative computing products, which entails certain significant risks, our business will be harmed.

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If we are unable to offset increased wafer fabrication and assembly costs, our gross margins will suffer.

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We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the networking and telecommunications markets.

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The average selling prices of our products are expected to decline.

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We are substantially dependent on the continued services of our senior management and other key personnel. If we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed.

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Cyber-attacks could disrupt our operations or the operations of our partners, and result in reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims and harm our reputation or competitive position.

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Demand for our products may decrease if our OEM customers experience difficulty manufacturing, marketing or selling their products.

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Our products have lengthy sales cycles that make it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast results.

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Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

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Our acquisition of companies or technologies could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.

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Our business will suffer if we are unable to protect our intellectual property or if there are claims that we infringe third party intellectual property rights.

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Current unfavorable economic and market conditions may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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If our business grows, such growth may place a significant strain on our management and operations.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Product Development

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We may experience difficulties in transitioning our manufacturing process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

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Manufacturing process technologies are subject to rapid change and require significant expenditures.

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Our products may contain defects, which could reduce revenues or result in claims against us.

Risks Related to Our International Business and Operations

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The international political, social and economic environment, particularly as it relates to Taiwan, may affect our business performance.

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Certain of our independent suppliers and OEM customers have operations in the Pacific Rim, an area subject to significant risk of natural disasters and outbreak of contagious diseases such as COVID-19.

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The United States could materially modify certain international trade agreements, or change tax provisions related to the global manufacturing and sales of our products.

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Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics, and changes in international geopolitical circumstances and domestic budget considerations may hurt our business.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

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The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and which may cause dilution to existing stockholders.

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Use of a portion of our cash reserves to repurchase shares of our common stock presents potential risks and disadvantages to us and our continuing stockholders.

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Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates hold a substantial percentage of our common stock.

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The provisions of our charter documents might inhibit potential acquisition bids that a stockholder might believe are desirable, and the market price of our common stock could be lower as a result.

In addition, you should refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus for a discussion of other important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if the forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus represent our views as of the date of this prospectus. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so, and we disclaim any obligation to do so except to the extent required by applicable law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this prospectus.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of our securities offered hereby. Except as described in any prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities offered hereby for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include capital expenditures, debt repayment, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies that are complementary to our own, although we have no current plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any such acquisitions or investments as of the date of this prospectus. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus our intended use for the net proceeds received from the sale of any securities sold pursuant to the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus.

Pending the application of the net proceeds, we may invest the net proceeds in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

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SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

We may offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings, shares of common stock and preferred stock, various series of debt securities and warrants to purchase any of such securities, or any combination of the foregoing, either individually or in units. We may offer up to $100.0 million of securities under this prospectus. The prices and terms of any offering will be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will, to the extent required by law, provide offerees with a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities being offered. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information in this prospectus. For more information, see “About this Prospectus.”

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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK

The following is a summary of the material terms of our Common Stock and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), each of which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We encourage you to read our Certificate of Incorporation, our Bylaws and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, for additional information.

General

GSI has one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”).

Our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock, and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. The outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and nonassessable.

Common Stock

The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. Subject to preferences applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends declared by our Board of Directors. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably with the holders of any outstanding preferred stock in the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion or redemption rights.

Preferred Stock

Our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to designate and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. In addition, the Board may fix the rights, preferences and privileges of any preferred stock it determines to issue. Any or all of these rights may be superior to the rights of the Common Stock. Preferred stock could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or to make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may dilute the voting power and decrease the market price of the Common Stock, and reduce the likelihood that the holders of Common Stock will receive payments in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.

Antitakeover Provisions in our Governing Documents and Under Delaware Law

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with an “interested stockholder,” unless:

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prior to the date of the transaction, the Board of Directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction, which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

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the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (a) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

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on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the Board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 662∕3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

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Except as otherwise specified in Section 203, an “interested stockholder” is defined to include:

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any person that is the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the corporation, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within three years immediately prior to the date of determination and

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the affiliates and associates of any such person.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that:

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no action can be taken by stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws, and stockholders may not act by written consent;

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the approval of holders of two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors will be required to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws or amend or repeal the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation regarding the election and removal of directors and the ability of stockholders to take action;

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our Board of Directors will be expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our Bylaws;

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our Board of Directors will be authorized to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval; and

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we will indemnify officers and directors against losses that may incur as a result of investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to us, which may include services in connection with takeover defense measures.

Our Bylaws provide that directors may be removed from office at any time by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is Computershare Limited.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

This section describes the general terms and provisions of our debt securities that we may issue from time to time. We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will describe the specific terms of any debt securities offered through that prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may differ from the terms we describe below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the “indentures,” we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We will issue any senior debt securities under the senior indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue any subordinated debt securities under the subordinated indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). We use the term “trustee” to refer to either the trustee under the senior indenture or the trustee under the subordinated indenture, as applicable.

The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete applicable indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including as applicable:

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the title;

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the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;

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any limit on the amount that may be issued;

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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, and, if so, the terms and who the depository will be;

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the maturity date;

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whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;

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the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;

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the place where payments will be payable;

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restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

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the date, if any, after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;

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the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option, to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

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whether the indenture will restrict our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries to:

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incur additional indebtedness;

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issue additional securities;

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create liens;

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pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or the capital stock of our subsidiaries;

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redeem capital stock;

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place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;

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make investments or other restricted payments;

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sell or otherwise dispose of assets;

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enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

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engage in transactions with shareholders or affiliates;

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issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries;

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effect a consolidation or merger;

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whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;

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a discussion of certain material or special United States (“U.S.”) federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;

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information describing any book-entry features;

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provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;

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the applicability of the provisions in the indenture on discharge;

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whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an “original issue discount” as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

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the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and

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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any additional events of default or covenants provided with respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, our preferred stock or

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other securities (including securities of a third-party). We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock, our preferred stock or other securities (including securities of a third-party) that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indentures will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities of ours or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.

Events of Default under the Indenture

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

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if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended;

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if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or repurchase or otherwise, and the time for payment has not been extended;

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if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and

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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus any additional events of default relating to the relevant series of debt securities.

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the unpaid principal, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Subject to the terms of the indentures, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding

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for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

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the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and

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subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.

Subject to the terms of the indentures, a holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:

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the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;

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the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the trustee or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense or to be incurred in compliance with instituting the proceeding as trustee; and

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the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities, or other defaults that may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus.

We expect to periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

Subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue, we and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to the following specific matters:

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to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;

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to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities – Consolidation, Merger or Sale”;

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to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

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to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture;

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to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided under “Description of Debt Securities — General,” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;

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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee;

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to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;

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to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred to us in the indenture; or

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to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.

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In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, subject to the terms of the indenture for any series of debt securities that we may issue or as otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

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extending the stated maturity of the series of debt securities;

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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption or repurchase of any debt securities; or

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reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

Discharge

Each indenture provides that, subject to the terms of the indenture and any limitation otherwise provided in the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:

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replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;

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maintain paying agencies;

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hold monies for payment in trust;

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recover excess money held by the trustee;

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compensate and indemnify the trustee; and

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appoint any successor trustee.

In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We plan to issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. We may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depository named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus with respect to that series.

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

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We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series. If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

•

issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or

•

register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

Information Concerning the Trustee

The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs.

Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.

We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Governing Law

We expect the indentures and the debt securities to be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.

Ranking of Debt Securities

The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to any of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. The subordinated indenture does not limit the amount of subordinated debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.

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The senior debt securities will rank equally in right of payment to any of our other senior unsecured debt. The senior indenture does not limit the amount of senior debt securities that we may issue. It also does not limit us from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements or related free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus and the related warrant agreements and warrant certificates. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus. If we indicate in the prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus, the terms of any warrants offered under that prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus may differ from the terms described below. Specific warrant agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement, which includes this prospectus.

General

We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. We plan to evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue under a separate warrant agreement. We will enter into the warrant agreement with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus relating to a particular series of warrants.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus the terms of the series of warrants, including as applicable:

•

the offering price, currency, and aggregate number of warrants offered;

•

the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

•

the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

•

in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;

•

in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;

•

the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;

•

the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; the periods during which, and places at which, the warrants are exercisable;

•

the manner of exercise;

•

the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;

•

the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;

•

federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;

•

the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and

•

any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units comprised of shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, debt securities and warrants in any combination. We may issue units in such amounts and in as many distinct series as we wish. This section outlines certain provisions of the units that we may issue. If we issue units, they will be issued under one or more unit agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or other financial institution, as unit agent. The information described in this section may not be complete in all respects and is qualified entirely by reference to the unit agreement with respect to the units of any particular series. The specific terms of any series of units offered will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. If so described in a particular supplement or related free writing prospectus, the specific terms of any series of units may differ from the general description of terms presented below. We urge you to read any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus related to any series of units we may offer, as well as the complete unit agreement and unit certificate that contain the terms of the units. If we issue units, forms of unit agreements and unit certificates relating to such units will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement, which includes this prospectus.

Each unit that we may issue will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may describe:

•

the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

•

any provisions of the governing unit agreement;

•

the price or prices at which such units will be issued;

•

the applicable United States federal income tax considerations relating to the units;

•

any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and

•

any other terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units.

The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Debt Securities” and “Description of Warrants” will apply to the securities included in each unit, to the extent relevant and as may be updated in any prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses. We may issue units in such amounts and in as many distinct series as we wish. This section summarizes terms of the units that apply generally to all series. Most of the financial and other specific terms of a particular series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus.

Unit Agreements

We will issue the units under one or more unit agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or other financial institution, as unit agent. We may add, replace or terminate unit agents from time to time. We will identify the unit agreement under which each series of units will be issued and the unit agent under that agreement in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus.

The following provisions will generally apply to all unit agreements unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus:

Modification Without Consent

We and the applicable unit agent may amend any unit or unit agreement without the consent of any holder: (1) to cure any ambiguity in any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described below; (2) to correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision; or (3) to make any other change that we believe is necessary or desirable and will not adversely affect the interests of the affected

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holders in any material respect. We do not need any approval to make changes that affect only units to be issued after the changes take effect. We may also make changes that do not adversely affect a particular unit in any material respect, even if they adversely affect other units in a material respect. In those cases, we do not need to obtain the approval of the holder of the unaffected unit; we need only obtain any required approvals from the holders of the affected units.

Modification With Consent

We may not amend any particular unit or a unit agreement with respect to any particular unit unless we obtain the consent of the holder of that unit, if the amendment would: (1) impair any right of the holder to exercise or enforce any right under a security included in the unit if the terms of that security require the consent of the holder to any changes that would impair the exercise or enforcement of that right; or (2) reduce the percentage of outstanding units or any series or class the consent of whose holders is required to amend that series or class, or the applicable unit agreement with respect to that series or class, as described below.

Any other change to a particular unit agreement and the units issued under that agreement would require the following approval: (1) if the change affects only the units of a particular series issued under that agreement, the change must be approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding units of that series; or (2) if the change affects the units of more than one series issued under that agreement, it must be approved by the holders of a majority of all outstanding units of all series affected by the change, with the units of all the affected series voting together as one class for this purpose.

These provisions regarding changes with majority approval also apply to changes affecting any securities issued under a unit agreement, as the governing document.

In each case, the required approval must be given by written consent.

Unit Agreements Will Not be Qualified Under Trust Indenture Act

No unit agreement will be qualified as an indenture, and no unit agent will be required to qualify as a trustee, under the Trust Indenture Act. Therefore, holders of units issued under unit agreements will not have the protections of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to their units.

Mergers and Similar Transactions Permitted; No Restrictive Covenants or Events of Default

The unit agreements will not restrict our ability to merge or consolidate with, or sell our assets to, another corporation or other entity or to engage in any other transactions. If at any time we merge or consolidate with, or sell our assets substantially as an entirety to, another corporation or other entity, the successor entity will succeed to and assume our obligations under the unit agreements. We will then be relieved of any further obligation under these agreements.

The unit agreements will not include any restrictions on our ability to put liens on our assets, nor will they restrict our ability to sell our assets. The unit agreements also will not provide for any events of default or remedies upon the occurrence of any events of default.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue each unit in global-i.e., book-entry-form only. Units in book-entry form will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary, which will be the holder of all the units represented by the global security. Those who own beneficial interests in a unit will do so through participants in the depositary’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depositary and its participants. We will describe book-entry securities, and other terms regarding the issuance and registration of the units in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus.

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Each unit and all securities comprising the unit will be issued in the same form.

If we issue any units in registered, non-global form, the following will apply to them:

•

The units will be issued in the denominations stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Holders may exchange their units for units of smaller denominations or combined into fewer units of larger denominations, as long as the total amount is not changed.

•

Holders may exchange or transfer their units at the office of the unit agent. Holders may also replace lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated units at that office. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or perform them ourselves.

•

Holders will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange their units, but they may be required to pay for any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. The transfer or exchange, and any replacement, will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with the holder’s proof of legal ownership. The transfer agent may also require an indemnity before replacing any units.

•

If we have the right to redeem, accelerate or settle any units before their maturity, and we exercise our right as to less than all those units or other securities, we may block the exchange or transfer of those units during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of exercise and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers of or exchange any unit selected for early settlement, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unsettled portion of any unit being partially settled. We may also block the transfer or exchange of any unit in this manner if the unit includes securities that are or may be selected for early settlement. Only the depositary will be entitled to transfer or exchange a unit in global form, since it will be the sole holder of the unit.

Payments and Notices

In making payments and giving notices with respect to our units, we will follow the procedures as described in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell these securities directly to one or more investors. We may also sell these securities through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers. We may sell these securities through “at the market” offerings, within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise. The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:

•

the name or names of any agents, underwriters or dealers;

•

the purchase price of the securities being offered and the net proceeds we will receive from the sale;

•

any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

•

any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;

•

any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

•

any securities exchanges or markets on which such securities may be listed.

We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at:

•

a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time;

•

market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

•

prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

•

negotiated prices.

Agents

We may designate agents who agree to use their reasonable efforts to solicit purchases of our securities for the period of their appointment or to sell our securities on a continuing basis. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any fees or commissions we will pay the agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Underwriters

If we use underwriters for a sale of securities, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the securities in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities of the series offered if they purchase any of the securities of that series. We may change from time to time any public offering price and any discounts or concessions the underwriters allow or reallow or pay to dealers. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will name any underwriter involved in the offering and sale of securities, describe any discount or other compensation and describe the nature of any material relationship in any applicable prospectus supplement. Only underwriters we name in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement.

We may have agreements with the agents and underwriters to indemnify them against specified civil liabilities related to offerings under this prospectus, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities.

Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us and any profit on their resale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. We will identify in the applicable prospectus supplement any underwriters, dealers or agents and will describe their compensation. We may have agreements with the underwriters, dealers and agents to indemnify them against specified civil liabilities related to offerings under this prospectus, including liabilities under the

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Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of their businesses.

Trading Markets and Listing of Securities

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock, which is currently listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. We may elect to list or qualify for trading any other class or series of securities on any securities exchange or other market, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities.

At-the-Market Offerings

To the extent that we make sales through one or more underwriters or agents in at-the-market offerings, we will do so pursuant to the terms of a sales agency financing agreement or other at-the-market offering arrangement between us and the underwriters or agents. If we engage in at-the-market sales pursuant to any such agreement, we will issue and sell our securities through one or more underwriters or agents, which may act on an agency basis or a principal basis. During the term of any such agreement, we may sell securities on a daily basis in exchange transactions or otherwise as we agree with the underwriters or agents. Any such agreement will provide that any securities sold will be sold at prices related to the then prevailing market prices for our securities. Therefore, exact figures regarding proceeds that will be raised or commissions to be paid cannot be determined at this time. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we may agree to sell, and the relevant underwriters or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase blocks of our common stock or other securities. The terms of any such agreement will be set forth in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Stabilization Activities

Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of these activities at any time.

Passive Market Making

Any underwriter who is a qualified market maker on the Nasdaq Stock Market may engage in passive market making transactions in securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. A passive market maker must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as a passive market maker. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security. If all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of any common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units offered under this prospectus and any supplement hereto will be passed upon for us by DLA Piper LLP (US), Palo Alto, California.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2023 incorporated by reference in this Prospectus have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated herein by reference, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

SEC rules permit us to incorporate information by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, except for information superseded by information contained in this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement itself or in any subsequently filed incorporated document. This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that we have previously filed with the SEC, other than information in such documents that is deemed to be furnished and not filed. These documents contain important information about us and our business and financial condition. Any report or information within any of the documents referenced below that is furnished, but not filed, shall not be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

•

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on June 28, 2023; and

•

The description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A, as filed with the SEC on March 27, 2007 (File No. 001-33387), including any amendments or reports for the purpose of updating such description.

All documents that we file (but not those that we furnish) pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, after the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus, and any previously filed documents. All documents that we file (but not those that we furnish) pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act on or after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of any of the securities covered under this prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any previously filed documents.

Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus and such applicable prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or such applicable prospectus supplement, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and such applicable prospectus supplement, modifies or supersedes such earlier statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus or such applicable prospectus supplement.

Documents incorporated by reference are available from us without charge, excluding all exhibits unless specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement.

Prospective investors may obtain documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement at no cost by requesting them in writing or by telephone from us at our executive offices at:

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GSI Technology Inc.
1213 Elko Drive,
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 331-8800

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

As permitted by SEC rules, this prospectus omits certain information that is included in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and its exhibits. Since this prospectus may not contain all of the information that you may find important, we urge you to review the full text of these documents. If we have filed a contract, agreement or other document as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, please read the exhibit for a more complete understanding of the document or matter involved. Each statement in this prospectus, including statements incorporated by reference as discussed above, regarding a contract, agreement or other document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual document.

We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance with these requirements, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements, information statements, and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C., 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet site that contains these materials at www.sec.gov.

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1,508,462 Shares of Common Stock

Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 3,491,538 Shares of Common Stock

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

Needham & Company

October 21, 2025

Get the next $GSIT alert in real time by email

SEC Form 424B5 filed by GSI Technology

10/21/25 5:24:42 PM ET

$GSIT

Semiconductors

Technology

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424B5 1 tm2529174-1_424b5.htm 424B5 tm2529174-1_424b5 - none - 4.8160897s

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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)

Registration No. 333-272985

Prospectus Supplement
(To Prospectus Dated July 19, 2023)

1,508,462 Shares of Common Stock
Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 3,491,538 Shares of Common Stock

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

	Per Share			Per Pre-Funded Warrant			Total
Offering price		$	10.0000		$	9.9900		$	49,965,084.62
Placement agent fees(1)		$	0.6000		$	0.5994		$	2,997,905.08
Proceeds to GSI Technology, Inc. before expenses(2)		$	9.4000		$	9.3906		$	46,967,179.54

(1)

(2)

The amount of the offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give any effect to any exercise of the pre-funded warrants issued in this offering.

Delivery of the securities in this offering is expected to be made on or about October 22, 2025, subject to satisfaction of certain closing conditions.

Sole Placement Agent

Needham & Company

The date of this prospectus supplement is October 21, 2025.

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT		S-1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		S-3
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY		S-5
THE OFFERING		S-8
RISK FACTORS		S-10
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		S-13
USE OF PROCEEDS		S-16
DILUTION		S-17
Description of Pre-Funded Warrants		S-18
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		S-20
LEGAL MATTERS		S-22
EXPERTS		S-22

PROSPECTUS

	ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS					1
	SUMMARY					2
	RISK FACTORS					5
	SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					6
	USE OF PROCEEDS					8
	SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER					9
	DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK					10
	DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES					12
	PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION					23
	LEGAL MATTERS					25
	EXPERTS					25
	INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE					25
	WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION					26

S-i

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

S-1

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Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus supplement to:

•

“GSI” and “GSI Technology” refer to GSI Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation; and

•

“we,” “us,” and “our” or the “Company” refer to GSI Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

S-2

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

Incorporation by Reference

•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on June 18, 2025;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 8, 2025;

•

our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2025, May 29, 2025, June 3, 2025, July 31, 2025, August 22, 2025, and October 21, 2025; and

•

S-3

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S-4

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

Overview

S-5

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S-6

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Recent Developments

Corporate Information

S-7

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THE OFFERING

Common stock offered by us

1,508,462 shares of our common stock

Common stock to be outstanding
after this offering

30,599,088 shares of our common stock (assuming none of the pre-funded warrants issued in this offering are exercised).

Pre-funded warrants offered by
us:

Offering Price Per Share of
Common Stock:

$10.00 per share.

Offering Price Per Pre-Funded Warrant

$9.99 per pre-funded warrant.

Use of Proceeds

Risk Factors

Nasdaq symbol

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7,865,098 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, having a weighted average exercise price of $4.98 per share; and

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3,434,068 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and our 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

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RISK FACTORS

Risks Relating to this Offering

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

You may experience dilution if we issue additional equity securities in future fundraising transactions.

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Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gain.

The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

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the establishment of a market for our new associative computing products;

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actual or anticipated declines in operating results;

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changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;

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the institution of legal proceedings against us or significant developments in such proceedings;

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changes in industry estimates of demand for APU, RadHard and RadTolerant and Very Fast SRAM products;

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the gain or loss of significant orders or customers;

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recruitment or departure of key personnel; and

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market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole.

There is no public market for the pre-funded warrants being offered in this offering.

Holders of our pre-funded warrants will have no rights as shareholders until they acquire our common stock.

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pre-funded warrants, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a shareholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

The pre-funded warrants are speculative in nature.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

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Unpredictable fluctuations in our operating results could cause our stock price to decline.

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Our future success is substantially dependent on the successful introduction of new in-place associative computing products which entails significant risks.

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We have incurred significant losses and may incur losses in the future.

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If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected.

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If we determine that our goodwill and intangible assets have become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our operating results.

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We are dependent on a number of single source suppliers.

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If we are unable to offset increased wafer fabrication and assembly costs, our gross margins will suffer.

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We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the networking and telecommunications markets.

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We are substantially dependent on the continued services of our senior management and other key personnel. If we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed.

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Systems issues, data protection and cyber-attacks could disrupt our internal operations or the operations of our business partners, and any such disruption could harm our business.

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Demand for our products may decrease if our OEM customers experience difficulty manufacturing, marketing or selling their products.

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Our products have lengthy sales cycles that make it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast results.

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Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

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Our acquisition of companies or technologies could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.

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Our business will suffer if we are unable to protect our intellectual property or if there are claims that we infringe third party intellectual property rights.

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Any significant order cancellations or order deferrals could adversely affect our operating results.

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If our business grows, such growth may place a significant strain on our management and operations.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Product Development

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We may experience difficulties in transitioning our manufacturing process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

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Manufacturing process technologies are subject to rapid change and require significant expenditures.

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Our products may contain defects, which could reduce revenues or result in claims against us.

Risks Related to Our International Business and Operations

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Governmental export and import controls could impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we violate the controls.

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Global trade policy changes, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Certain of our independent suppliers and OEM customers have operations in the Pacific Rim, an area subject to significant risk of natural disasters and outbreak of contagious diseases.

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The United States could materially modify certain international trade agreements, or change tax provisions related to the global manufacturing and sales of our products.

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Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics, and changes in international geopolitical circumstances and domestic budget considerations may hurt our business.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

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The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and which may cause dilution to existing stockholders.

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Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates hold a substantial percentage of our common stock.

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The provisions of our charter documents might inhibit potential acquisition bids that a stockholder might believe are desirable, and the market price of our common stock could be lower as a result.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $47 million, after deducting the Placement Agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

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DILUTION

Assumed offering price per share of common stock			$	10.00
Historical net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2025	$	1.28
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the offering		1.47
As adjusted net tangible book value per share, after this offering				2.75
Dilution per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering			$	7.25

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7,865,098 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, having a weighted average exercise price of $4.98 per share; and

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3,434,068 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and our 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus assumes no exercise of the outstanding options referred to above, no vesting and settlement of the outstanding restricted stock units referred to above and no exercise of the pre-funded warrants we are offering to certain investors.

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DESCRIPTION OF PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS

Form

Term

The pre-funded warrants will not expire.

Exercisability

Exercise limitations

Exercise price

Transferability

Subject to compliance with applicable laws, the pre-funded warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

Exchange listing

We do not plan on applying to list the pre-funded warrants on Nasdaq, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Warrant agent

We will initially serve as the warrant agent under the pre-funded warrants.

Fundamental transactions

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No rights as a shareholder

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Fees and Expenses

The following table shows the offering price, placement agent fees and proceeds, before expenses, to us.

	Per Share			Per Pre-Funded Warrant			Total
Offering price		$	10.0000		$	9.9900		$	49,965,084.62
Placement agent fees(1)		$	0.6000		$	0.5994		$	2,997,905.08
Proceeds to GSI Technology, Inc. before expenses(2)		$	9.4000		$	9.3906		$	46,967,179.54

(1)

We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement commission equal to 6% of the aggregate proceeds from the sale of the securities sold in this offering.

(2)

The amount of the offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give any effect to any exercise of the pre-funded warrants issued in this offering.

Regulation M

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may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and

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Indemnification

Lock-Up Agreements

Transfer Agent

The transfer agent for our common stock is Computershare Limited.

Listing

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LEGAL MATTERS

EXPERTS

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PROSPECTUS

$100,000,000

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units

The date of this prospectus is July 19, 2023

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	ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS					1
	SUMMARY					2
	RISK FACTORS					5
	SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS					6
	USE OF PROCEEDS					8
	SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER					9
	DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK					10
	DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES					12
	PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION					23
	LEGAL MATTERS					25
	EXPERTS					25
	INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE					25
	WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION					26

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

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SUMMARY

Overview

Even as we expand our offering of in-place associative computing solutions, we continue to be committed to the synchronous SRAM market, by making available exceedingly high density performance memory products for incorporation into high-performance networking and telecommunications equipment, such as routers, switches, wide area network infrastructure equipment, wireless base stations and network access equipment. Our position in the synchronous SRAM market is well established and we have long-term supplier relationships with many of the leading original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, customers including Nokia. The revenue generated by these sales of high-speed synchronous SRAM products is being used to finance the development of our new in-place associative computing solutions and new types of SRAM products. We also serve the ongoing needs of the military/defense and aerospace markets by offering robust high-quality radiation-tolerant and radiation-hardened space grade SRAMs in addition to new in-place associative computing solutions including synthetic aperture radar image processing.

Corporate Information

The Securities We May Offer

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designation or classification;

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aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price;

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maturity, if applicable;

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original issue discount, if any;

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rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any;

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redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any;

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ranking;

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restrictive covenants, if any;

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voting or other rights, if any; and

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important U.S. federal income tax considerations.

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

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Warrants

Units

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RISK FACTORS

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Condition

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Unpredictable fluctuations in our operating results could cause our stock price to decline.

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We have incurred significant losses and may incur losses in the future.

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Goodwill impairment and related charges, as well as other accounting charges or adjustments could negatively impact our operating results.

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We depend upon the sale of our Very Fast SRAMs for most of our revenues and the market for Very Fast SRAMs is highly competitive.

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If we do not successfully implement certain cost reduction initiatives, we may suffer adverse impacts on our business and operations.

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We are dependent on a number of single source suppliers.

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If we do not successfully develop and introduce the new in-place associative computing products, which entails certain significant risks, our business will be harmed.

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If we are unable to offset increased wafer fabrication and assembly costs, our gross margins will suffer.

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We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the networking and telecommunications markets.

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The average selling prices of our products are expected to decline.

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We are substantially dependent on the continued services of our senior management and other key personnel. If we are unable to recruit or retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed.

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Cyber-attacks could disrupt our operations or the operations of our partners, and result in reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims and harm our reputation or competitive position.

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Demand for our products may decrease if our OEM customers experience difficulty manufacturing, marketing or selling their products.

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Our products have lengthy sales cycles that make it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast results.

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Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

•

Our acquisition of companies or technologies could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.

•

Our business will suffer if we are unable to protect our intellectual property or if there are claims that we infringe third party intellectual property rights.

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Current unfavorable economic and market conditions may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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If our business grows, such growth may place a significant strain on our management and operations.

Risks Related to Manufacturing and Product Development

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We may experience difficulties in transitioning our manufacturing process technologies, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

•

Manufacturing process technologies are subject to rapid change and require significant expenditures.

•

Our products may contain defects, which could reduce revenues or result in claims against us.

Risks Related to Our International Business and Operations

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The international political, social and economic environment, particularly as it relates to Taiwan, may affect our business performance.

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The United States could materially modify certain international trade agreements, or change tax provisions related to the global manufacturing and sales of our products.

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Some of our products are incorporated into advanced military electronics, and changes in international geopolitical circumstances and domestic budget considerations may hurt our business.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

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The trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and is likely to be volatile.

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We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and which may cause dilution to existing stockholders.

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Use of a portion of our cash reserves to repurchase shares of our common stock presents potential risks and disadvantages to us and our continuing stockholders.

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Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates hold a substantial percentage of our common stock.

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The provisions of our charter documents might inhibit potential acquisition bids that a stockholder might believe are desirable, and the market price of our common stock could be lower as a result.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

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SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK

General

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to designate and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. In addition, the Board may fix the rights, preferences and privileges of any preferred stock it determines to issue. Any or all of these rights may be superior to the rights of the Common Stock. Preferred stock could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or to make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may dilute the voting power and decrease the market price of the Common Stock, and reduce the likelihood that the holders of Common Stock will receive payments in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.

Antitakeover Provisions in our Governing Documents and Under Delaware Law

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Except as otherwise specified in Section 203, an “interested stockholder” is defined to include:

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the affiliates and associates of any such person.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that:

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no action can be taken by stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws, and stockholders may not act by written consent;

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our Board of Directors will be expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our Bylaws;

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our Board of Directors will be authorized to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval; and

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Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is Computershare Limited.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including as applicable:

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the title;

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the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;

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any limit on the amount that may be issued;

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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, and, if so, the terms and who the depository will be;

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the maturity date;

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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;

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the place where payments will be payable;

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restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

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whether the indenture will restrict our ability or the ability of our subsidiaries to:

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incur additional indebtedness;

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issue additional securities;

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create liens;

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pay dividends or make distributions in respect of our capital stock or the capital stock of our subsidiaries;

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redeem capital stock;

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place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;

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make investments or other restricted payments;

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sell or otherwise dispose of assets;

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enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

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engage in transactions with shareholders or affiliates;

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issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries;

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effect a consolidation or merger;

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whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;

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a discussion of certain material or special United States (“U.S.”) federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;

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information describing any book-entry features;

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provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;

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the applicability of the provisions in the indenture on discharge;

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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

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the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and

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Conversion or Exchange Rights

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Consolidation, Merger or Sale

Events of Default under the Indenture

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if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended;

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if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or repurchase or otherwise, and the time for payment has not been extended;

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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

We will describe in each applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus any additional events of default relating to the relevant series of debt securities.

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for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

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the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and

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the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;

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We expect to periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

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to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;

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to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities – Consolidation, Merger or Sale”;

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to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee;

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to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;

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to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.

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extending the stated maturity of the series of debt securities;

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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption or repurchase of any debt securities; or

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reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

Discharge

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replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;

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maintain paying agencies;

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hold monies for payment in trust;

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recover excess money held by the trustee;

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compensate and indemnify the trustee; and

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appoint any successor trustee.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

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register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

Information Concerning the Trustee

Payment and Paying Agents

Governing Law

We expect the indentures and the debt securities to be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.

Ranking of Debt Securities

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus the terms of the series of warrants, including as applicable:

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the offering price, currency, and aggregate number of warrants offered;

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the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

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the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

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the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;

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the manner of exercise;

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the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;

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the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;

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federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;

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the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and

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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may describe:

•

the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

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any provisions of the governing unit agreement;

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the price or prices at which such units will be issued;

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the applicable United States federal income tax considerations relating to the units;

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any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and

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any other terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units.

Unit Agreements

The following provisions will generally apply to all unit agreements unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus:

Modification Without Consent

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Modification With Consent

These provisions regarding changes with majority approval also apply to changes affecting any securities issued under a unit agreement, as the governing document.

In each case, the required approval must be given by written consent.

Unit Agreements Will Not be Qualified Under Trust Indenture Act

Mergers and Similar Transactions Permitted; No Restrictive Covenants or Events of Default

Form, Exchange and Transfer

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Each unit and all securities comprising the unit will be issued in the same form.

If we issue any units in registered, non-global form, the following will apply to them:

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Payments and Notices

In making payments and giving notices with respect to our units, we will follow the procedures as described in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

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the name or names of any agents, underwriters or dealers;

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the purchase price of the securities being offered and the net proceeds we will receive from the sale;

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any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

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any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;

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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

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any securities exchanges or markets on which such securities may be listed.

We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at:

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a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time;

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market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

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prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

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negotiated prices.

Agents

Underwriters

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Trading Markets and Listing of Securities

At-the-Market Offerings

Stabilization Activities

Passive Market Making

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LEGAL MATTERS

EXPERTS

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on June 28, 2023; and

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GSI Technology Inc.
1213 Elko Drive,
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 331-8800

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

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1,508,462 Shares of Common Stock

Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 3,491,538 Shares of Common Stock

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

Needham & Company

October 21, 2025

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