SEC Form 424B5 filed by Piedmont Lithium Inc.

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relate to the issuance and sale from time to time of shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000 through or to B. Riley Securities, Inc. (the “Sales Agent”). These sales, if any, will be made pursuant to the terms of the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement dated May 24, 2024 between us and the Sales Agent (the “Sales Agreement”), which will be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, we also may sell shares of our common stock to the Sales Agent as principal for its own account at a price agreed upon at the time of the sale.

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “PLL.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on May 23, 2024 was $14.74 per share. The Sales Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares of our common stock but will use its commercially reasonable efforts, as our agent and subject to the terms of the Sales Agreement, to sell the shares of our common stock offered, as instructed by us.

Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will be made in sales deemed to be “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

The compensation of the Sales Agent for sales of our common stock will be at a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the Sales Agent. In connection with the sale of our common stock on our behalf, the Sales Agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of the Sales Agent will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agent with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from any sales under this prospectus supplement will be used as described under “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus supplement.

Investing in the common stock involves risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page S-3 of this prospectus supplement and in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We provide information to you about our common stock in two separate documents: (1) this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of our common stock and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in that prospectus and (2) the accompanying prospectus, which provides general information about securities we may offer from time to time, including securities other than our common stock being offered by this prospectus supplement. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement.

It is important for you to read and consider all of the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in making your investment decision. You also should read and consider the information in the documents we have referred you to in “Where You Can Find Additional Information” in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

We include cross-references in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus to captions in these materials where you can find additional related discussions. The table of contents in this prospectus supplement provides the pages on which these captions are located.

Neither we nor the Sales Agent has authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell shares of our common stock, and seeking offers to buy shares of our common stock, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the dates shown in these documents or that any information we have incorporated by reference herein is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such dates.

We are not, and the Sales Agent is not, making an offer of our common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.

In this prospectus supplement, except as otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires, all references to “Piedmont Lithium Inc.” refer to Piedmont Lithium Inc. on an unconsolidated basis and all references to “Piedmont,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “ours” refer to Piedmont Lithium Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “you” refers to a prospective investor.

Investing in our common stock involves risks. You should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors described in our 2023 Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which we have filed or will file with the SEC, in other documents which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any amendment or update thereto reflected in our subsequent filings with the SEC, before investing in our common stock. Our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described in the documents incorporated by reference herein are not the only risks and uncertainties that you may face and new risks may emerge at any time and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial performance.

Although we currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, if any, in the manner described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus supplement, we will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds of this offering. We may use the net proceeds for purposes that do not yield a significant return or any return at all for our stockholders. In addition, pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the Sales Agent at any time throughout the term of the Sales Agreement. The number of shares that are sold through the Sales Agent after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of the common stock during the sales period, the limits we set with the Sales Agent in any applicable placement notice, and the demand for our common stock during the sales period. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate during the sales period, it is not currently possible to predict the number of shares that will be sold or the gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales, if any.

Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so they may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold in this offering. In addition, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering, after deducting the Sales Agent’s commissions and our offering expenses, for general corporate purposes. Net proceeds may be temporarily invested prior to use.

The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to non-U.S. holders (as defined below) with respect to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax considerations related thereto. This summary is based on current provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative rulings and judicial opinions, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. We have not sought any ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to the statements made and the conclusions reached in the following summary, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with such statements and conclusions or that a court would not sustain the IRS’s determination.

This summary is limited to non-U.S. holders who purchase shares of our common stock issued pursuant to this offering and who hold such shares of our common stock as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important or relevant to a particular non-U.S. holder in light of that non-U.S. holder’s individual circumstances, nor does it address any aspects of U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws or tax considerations arising under the laws of any non-U.S., state or local jurisdiction.

This discussion also does not address all of the tax considerations applicable to a non-U.S. holder subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, including, without limitation:

Accordingly, we urge you to consult with your own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax considerations of acquiring, holding and disposing of shares of our common stock.

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership

will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Any partner in a partnership holding shares of our common stock (and such partnership) should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences to them of such partnership acquiring, holding and disposing of our common stock.

YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS, AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX RULES OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.

In general, a “non-U.S. holder” is any beneficial owner of shares of our common stock (other than a partnership or other entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. person. A “U.S. person” is any person that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as any of the following:

As noted in the 2023 Form 10-K, we do not anticipate declaring dividends in the foreseeable future. However, if we do make distributions of cash or property on our common stock, such distributions will generally constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. If a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated first as reducing a non-U.S. holder’s adjusted basis in its shares of common stock, and, to the extent it exceeds such adjusted basis, as capital gain from the sale or exchange of such common stock, which will be treated as described under the section titled “—Gain on Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock” below.

Subject to the discussion below regarding effectively connected income and FATCA (as defined below), dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder on shares of our common stock will generally be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30%, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. To receive the benefit of a reduced treaty rate, a non-U.S. holder must furnish to us or our paying agent prior to the payment of dividends a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable form) certifying, under penalties of perjury, such non-U.S. holder’s qualification for the reduced rate.

If we make a distribution on our common stock in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and we are a USRPHC as described below under “—Gain on Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock” (or we were treated as a “USRPHC” at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of a distribution), the applicable withholding agent could satisfy any withholding requirements either by treating the entire distribution as a dividend that is subject to the withholding rules described in the preceding paragraph (and withhold at the rate described above, unless an income tax treaty applies, in which case the withholding agent would withhold at a minimum rate of 15%, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty for distributions from a “USRPHC” as defined below under “—Gain on Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Shares of Our Common Stock”), or by treating only the amount of the distribution

reasonably estimated to be paid from our current and accumulated earnings and profits as a dividend that is subject to the withholding rules described in the preceding paragraph, with the excess portion of the distribution subject to withholding at a rate of 15% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.

If a non-U.S. holder holds shares of our common stock in connection with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and dividends paid on shares of our common stock are effectively connected with such non-U.S. holder’s U.S. trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States), the non-U.S. holder will be exempt from the aforementioned U.S. federal withholding tax. To claim the exemption, the non-U.S. holder must furnish to us or our paying agent a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or applicable successor form). Such effectively connected dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the same graduated U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to U.S. persons. A non-U.S. holder that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on its effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year, as adjusted.

A non-U.S. holder that claims an exemption from withholding or the benefit of an applicable income tax treaty will generally be required to satisfy applicable certification and other requirements prior to the distribution date. Non-U.S. holders that do not timely provide us or our paying agent with the required certification may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.

Subject to the discussion below regarding backup withholding and FATCA, a non-U.S. holder will not generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock, unless:

With respect to the third bullet point above, because we have significant ownership of real property located in the United States, we may be or later become a USRPHC, but we have made no determination to that effect. Generally, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value of its “United States real property interests,” or USRPI, equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our USRPIs relative to the fair market value of our non-U.S. real property interests and our other business assets, there can be no assurance we currently are not a USRPHC or will not become one in the future. Even if we are or were to become a USRPHC, gain arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock by a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, and such non-U.S. holder owned, whether actually or based on the application of constructive ownership rules, 5% or less of our common stock throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period. If we are or were to become a USRPHC and our common stock is not or ceases to be regularly traded on an established securities market, a non-U.S. holder generally would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis, as described above, on any gain realized from the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock and a 15% withholding tax would apply to the gross proceeds from such

disposition. Any amounts withheld may be refunded or credited against a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely provided to the IRS. Non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the USRPHC rules to their ownership and disposition of our common stock.

Gain described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the same graduated U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to U.S. persons. A non-U.S. holder that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on its effectively connected earnings and profits for the taxable year, as adjusted. Non-U.S. holders should consult any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

Gain described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a flat 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty), but may be offset by U.S. source capital losses realized during the same taxable year. Non-U.S. holders should consult any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

Generally, we must report annually to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder the amount of dividends paid to, and the tax withheld with respect to, each non-U.S. holder. This information may also be made available to the tax authorities of the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is incorporated under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement. Backup withholding will not generally apply to distributions to a non-U.S. holder provided the non-U.S. holder furnishes to us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or IRS Form W-8ECI, or certain other requirements are met. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a U.S. person that is not an exempt recipient.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a credit against a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such non-U.S. holder to a refund, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as “FATCA”), a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax may apply to any dividends on and the gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of, the common stock paid to (i) a “foreign financial institution” (as specifically defined in the Code) which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, evidencing either (x) an exemption from FATCA, or (y) its compliance (or deemed compliance) with FATCA (which may alternatively be in the form of compliance with an intergovernmental agreement with the United States) in a manner which avoids withholding, or (ii) a “non-financial foreign entity” (as specifically defined in the Code) which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, evidencing either (x) an exemption from FATCA, or (y) adequate information regarding certain substantial United States beneficial owners of such entity (if any). Additionally, under existing Treasury regulations, FATCA withholding on the gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of the common stock was to take effect on January 1, 2019; however, proposed Treasury regulations, which may be relied upon by taxpayers until final Treasury regulations are published, would eliminate FATCA withholding on such types of payments. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisor regarding these rules.

We have entered into the Sales Agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as Sales Agent, under which we are permitted to offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000 from time to time. We will file the Sales Agreement as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K, which will be incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. The sales, if any, of shares of our common stock made under the Sales Agreement may be made in sales deemed to be “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including by sales made directly on or through Nasdaq or another market for our common stock, sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise or as otherwise agreed with the Sales Agent.

Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, we also may sell shares of our common stock to the Sales Agent as principal for its own accounts at a price agreed upon at the time of sale.

We will designate the maximum amount of common stock to be sold through the Sales Agent on a daily basis or otherwise as we and the Sales Agent agree and the minimum price per share at which such common stock may be sold. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the designated common stock. We may instruct the Sales Agent not to sell any common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us in any such instruction. We or the Sales Agent may suspend the offering of common stock at any time and from time to time by notifying the other party.

The Sales Agent will provide to us a written confirmation following the close of trading on Nasdaq each day in which shares of our common stock are sold under the Sales Agreement. Each confirmation will include the number of shares of common stock sold on that day, the gross sales proceeds and the net proceeds to us (after regulatory transaction fees, if any, but before other expenses). We will report at least quarterly the number of shares of common stock sold through the Sales Agent under the Sales Agreement, the net proceeds to us (before expenses) and the commission of the Sales Agent in connection with the sales of the common stock.

We will pay the Sales Agent a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of our common stock sold through the Sales Agent. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing this offering, the actual total public offering amount, the Sales Agent’s commission and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the Agent for certain reasonable documented out-of-pocket expenses, including fees and disbursements of its counsel, in an amount not to exceed $75,000 in the aggregate in connection with entering into the transactions contemplated by the Sales Agreement, in addition to up to a maximum of $5,000 per quarter thereafter in connection with updates as provided in the Sales Agreement. We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding commissions payable to the Sales Agent under the Sales Agreement, will be approximately $250,000.

Settlement for sales of common stock will occur on the first business day following the date on which any sales were made in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

If we or the Sales Agent have reason to believe that our common stock is no longer an “actively-traded security” as defined under Rule 101(c)(l) of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that party will promptly notify the others and sales of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be suspended until in our collective judgment Rule 101(c)(1) or another exemptive provision has been satisfied.

The offering of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (1) the sale of all common stock subject to the Sales Agreement or (2) the termination of the Sales Agreement by us or by the Sales Agent.

In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf, the Sales Agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation paid to the Sales Agent will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agent against certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the Securities Act.

The Sales Agent and/or affiliates of the Sales Agent have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and commercial and investment banking services for us and our affiliates, for which they have received and in the future will receive customary compensation and expense

reimbursement. Affiliates of the Sales Agent may hold our securities. To the extent we use proceeds from this offering to repurchase or redeem our securities, such affiliates may receive proceeds from this offering. The Sales Agent and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of our securities or financial instruments related to our securities and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the Sales Agent by Duane Morris LLP, New York, New York.

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus supplement by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2024 and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Sayona Mining Limited for the two years ended June 30, 2022, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of Nexia Brisbane Audit Pty Ltd, an independent registered public accounting firm, given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Atlantic Lithium Limited for the two years ended June 30, 2022 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of BDO Audit Pty Ltd, an independent registered public accounting firm, given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of the Carolina Lithium Project incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2021, and performed by Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc., McGarry Geoconsulting Corp. and Primero Americas Inc. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters. The Company, with input from the firms and experts responsible for the original delineation of mineral resources and ore reserves, continues to develop internal plans to both optimize the project with respect to production rates, equipment selectivity, mining methods, amongst other factors and mitigate operational, environmental, and permitting risks. Outcomes of such work have not been incorporated into estimations of mineral resources or ore reserves at the present time, and such estimates as reflected in the Company’s various filings maintain an effective date of December 31, 2021.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of North American Lithium incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2023, and performed by Sayona Quebec, Inc. and Synectiq Inc. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters. The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of the Authier Lithium Project incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2023, and performed by Sayona Quebec, Inc. and SGS Canada Inc. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of the Ewoyaa Lithium Project incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2023, and performed by Ashmore Advisory Pty Ltd., Mining Focus Consultants Pty Ltd., Atlantic Lithium Ltd., and Trinol Pty Ltd. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters.

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and information incorporated by reference into each of them, and any related free-writing prospectus contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements concern our anticipated results and progress of our operations in future periods, planned exploration and development of our properties and plans related to our business and other matters that may occur in the future. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “can,” “shall,” “should,” “would,” “leading,” “objective,” “intend,” “contemplate,” “design,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan,” “target” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to risks related to:

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. Moreover, you should consider these cautionary statements in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements after completion of this offering to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. In light of the risks and uncertainties described above, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into each of them might not occur and are not guarantees of future performance.

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance with these requirements, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information relating to our business, financial condition and other matters with the SEC. We are required to disclose in such reports certain information, as of particular dates, concerning our operating results and financial condition, officers and directors, principal holders of securities, any material interests of such persons in transactions with us and other matters.

Our filings are available to the public through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. Our filings are also available on our investor relations website at www.piedmontlithium.com. You are encouraged to read the materials that we file with the SEC, which disclose important information about us. This information includes any filing we have made with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus and should not be considered part of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any other filing we make with the SEC.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus supplement, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document that we filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for any information superseded by information contained directly in this prospectus. These documents contain important information about us and our financial condition, business and results.

We are incorporating by reference our filings listed below and any additional documents that we may file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act on or after the date we file this prospectus and before the termination of the offering of the securities made under this prospectus; except we are not incorporating by reference any information furnished (but not filed) under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K or corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01 of Form 8-K (or included as an exhibit) in any past or future current report on Form 8-K that we may file with the SEC, unless specifically noted below:

Information in this prospectus supplement supersedes related information in the documents listed above and information in subsequently filed documents supersedes related information in both this prospectus supplement and the incorporated documents.

To obtain copies of documents incorporated by reference herein or in the accompanying prospectus, see “Where You Can Find More Information” in the accompanying prospectus. In addition, upon written or oral request, we will provide to any person, at no cost to such person, including any beneficial owner to whom a copy of this prospectus supplement is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. You may make such a request by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:

This prospectus provides a general description of the common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, depositary shares, purchase contracts and units that we may offer from time to time. Each time any securities are offered pursuant to this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement and attach it to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain more specific information about the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities without a prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, together with the documents we incorporate by reference, before you invest in our securities.

Our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “PLL,” and our Chess Depository Interests (“CDIs”), each representing 1/100th of a share of our common stock, are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange under the symbol “PLL.”

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should read carefully and consider the risks referenced under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus, as well as the other information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any accompanying prospectus supplement before making a decision to invest in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We may sell these securities on a continuous or delayed basis directly, through agents, dealers or underwriters as designated from time to time, or through a combination of these methods. We reserve the sole right to accept, and together with any agents, dealers and underwriters, reserve the right to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of securities. If any agents, dealers or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities, the applicable prospectus supplement will set forth any applicable commissions or discounts. Our net proceeds from the sale of securities also will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”) using a “shelf” registration process. We may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus from time to time.

The types of securities that we may offer and sell from time to time by this prospectus are:

We may sell these securities either separately or in units. We may issue debt securities convertible into shares of our common stock or preferred stock. The preferred stock also may be convertible into shares of our common stock or another series of preferred stock. This prospectus provides a general description of the securities that may be offered. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the specific terms of the securities offered. That prospectus supplement may include a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations applicable to those securities. In each prospectus supplement we will include the following information:

In addition, the prospectus supplement also may add, update or change the information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”

No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement does not offer to sell or ask for offers to buy any securities other than those to which it relates and it does not constitute an offer to sell or ask for offers to buy any of the securities in any jurisdiction where it is unlawful, where the person making the offer is not qualified to do so, or to any person who cannot legally be offered the securities. The information contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference in each of them is current only as of its date. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

In this prospectus, except as otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires, all references to “Piedmont Lithium Inc.” refer to Piedmont Lithium Inc. on an unconsolidated basis and all references to “Piedmont,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “ours” refer to Piedmont Lithium Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC, and we have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which forms part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules. For further information about us and the securities described in this prospectus, you should refer to the registration statement, its exhibits and schedules and our reports, proxies, information statements and other information filed with the SEC. Our filings are available to the public on the Internet, through a database maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. Our filings are also available, free of charge, on our website at www.piedmontlithium.com. We have included our website address for the information of prospective investors and do not intend it to be an active link to our website. Information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement (or any document incorporated by reference herein or therein).

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus. This means that we can disclose important information about us and our financial condition to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, except any information that is superseded by information that is included in a document subsequently filed with the SEC.

This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below that we have previously filed with the SEC and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), from the date of this prospectus until the termination of an offering of securities, except that we are not incorporating by reference any information furnished (and not filed) with the SEC, including our Compensation Committee report and performance graph or any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K:

Any statement contained in a document all or a portion of which is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will not be deemed to constitute a part hereof, except as so modified, and any statement so superseded will not be deemed to constitute a part hereof.

A copy of any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus may be obtained at no cost by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number:

We maintain a website at www.piedmontlithium.com. Information about us, including our reports filed with the SEC, is available through that site. Such reports are accessible at no charge through our website and are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website and the information contained on that website, or connected to that website, are not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s website mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.” The information on the SEC’s website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

This prospectus and information incorporated by reference into each of them, and any related free-writing prospectus contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements concern our anticipated results and progress of our operations in future periods, planned exploration and development of our properties and plans related to our business and other matters that may occur in the future. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “can,” “shall,” “should,” “would,” “leading,” “objective,” “intend,” “contemplate,” “design,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan,” “target” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to risks related to:

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. Moreover, you should consider these cautionary statements in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements after completion of this offering to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. In light of the risks and uncertainties described above, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference might not occur and are not guarantees of future performance.

We are a U.S.-based development-stage company aiming to become one of the leading producers of lithium hydroxide in North America. As the world, the American government, and industries mobilize to support global decarbonization through the electrification of transportation, we are poised to become a critical contributor to the U.S. electric vehicle and battery manufacturing supply chains.

Since 2021, electric vehicle and battery companies have announced significant commitments to build new or expanded manufacturing operations across the U.S., which is expected to exponentially and rapidly drive domestic demand for lithium far beyond current or projected capacity over the next decade. Piedmont Lithium, as a U.S.-based company, is well positioned to benefit from federal policies and funding established to facilitate the expedited development of a robust domestic supply chain and clean energy economy, while strengthening national and global energy security. Manufacturing facilities for electric vehicles, batteries, and related components are typically constructed in two to three years; however, the development of lithium resources from exploration to production requires a much longer time frame. We believe this prolonged time frame for resource development poses the greatest challenge to the emerging electrification industry and represents increased opportunity for lithium producers.

To support growing U.S. lithium demand, we have spent the past eight years developing a portfolio that now includes four key projects: wholly-owned Carolina Lithium and Tennessee Lithium, and strategic investments in Quebec, Canada, with Sayona Quebec’s NAL, and in Ghana with Atlantic Lithium’s Ewoyaa. NAL began supplying spodumene concentrate to the market in the third quarter of 2023. A final investment decision for Ewoyaa is expected upon receipt of all government and regulatory approvals for the project. Carolina Lithium is being developed as a fully integrated spodumene ore-to-lithium hydroxide project designed to produce 30,000 metric tons of lithium hydroxide annually. We expect spodumene concentrate from Ewoyaa will serve as the primary feedstock for Tennessee Lithium. Tennessee Lithium is being designed to produce 30,000 metric tons of lithium hydroxide annually.

We currently plan to produce an estimated 60,000 metric tons per year of domestic lithium hydroxide, which would be significantly accretive to today’s total estimated U.S. annual production capacity of approximately 20,000 metric tons per year. Our lithium hydroxide capacity and revenue generation are expected to be supported by production of, or offtake rights to, approximately 525,000 metric tons of spodumene concentrate annually.

Our projects and strategic investments are being developed on a measured timeline to provide the potential for near-term cash flow and long-term value maximization as we explore opportunities to grow our hard rock lithium base through other investments. The development timelines are subject to permitting, regulatory approvals, funding, successful project execution, and market dynamics. We also continue to evaluate opportunities to further expand our resource base and production capacity.

As we continue to advance our goal of becoming one of the leading manufacturers of lithium products in North America, we expect to capitalize on our competitive strengths, including our life-of-mine offtake agreement with Sayona Quebec, scale and diversification of lithium resources, advantageous locations of projects and assets, access to a variety of funding options, opportunities to leverage our greenfield projects, and a highly experienced management team.

Piedmont Lithium Inc. is incorporated in the State of Delaware. We maintain executive offices at 42 E. Catawba Street, Belmont, NC, 28012, and our telephone number is (704) 461-8000. Our website address is www.piedmontlithium.com. The information contained on our website or available through our website is not incorporated by reference into and should not be considered a part of this prospectus, and the reference to our website in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC, and in other documents which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as well as the risk factors and other information contained in or incorporated by reference into any accompanying prospectus supplement before investing in any of our securities. Our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The risks and uncertainties described in the documents incorporated by reference herein are not the only risks and uncertainties that you may face.

For more information about our SEC filings, please see “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, the net proceeds from the sale by us of the securities to which this prospectus relates will be used for general corporate purposes. Net proceeds may be temporarily invested prior to use. When we offer and sell the securities to which this prospectus relates, the prospectus supplement related to such offering will set forth our intended use of the proceeds, if any, received from the sale of such securities.

Under our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our “Certificate of Incorporation”), we are authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

Voting Rights. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock, as such, are not entitled to vote on any amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to our Certificate of Incorporation. Holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock could, if they so choose, elect all the directors.

Dividends. Subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive any dividends to the extent permitted by law when, as and if declared by our board of directors.

Liquidation. Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, the holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by them.

Other Matters. Our Certificate of Incorporation does not entitle holders of our common stock to preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The common stock may be subdivided or combined in any manner unless the other class is subdivided or combined in the same proportion. All outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Unless required by law or by any stock exchange on which our common stock may be listed, the authorized shares of preferred stock will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders. Delaware law does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. However, the listing requirements of Nasdaq, which apply as long as our common stock is listed on Nasdaq, require stockholder approval of certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the combined voting power of our common stock. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans.

Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series of preferred stock, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, if any, of the shares of each series of preferred stock. Our board of directors is also able to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of any series of preferred stock (but not below the number of shares of that series of preferred stock then outstanding) without any further vote or action by the stockholders.

The existence of unissued and unreserved common stock or preferred stock may enable our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and could thereby protect the continuity of our management and possibly deprive stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of common stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.

Certain provisions of Delaware law, our Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated By-laws (“By-laws”) could make the acquisition of the Company more difficult and could delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or other takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interest, including

takeover attempts that might result in the payment of a premium to stockholders over the market price for their shares. These provisions also may promote the continuity of our management by making it more difficult for a person to remove or change the incumbent members of our board of directors.

Authorized but Unissued Shares; Undesignated Preferred Stock. The authorized but unissued shares of our common stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval except as required by law or by any stock exchange on which our common stock may be listed. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. In addition, our board of directors may authorize, without stockholder approval, the issuance of undesignated preferred stock with voting rights or other rights or preferences designated from time to time by our board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.

Board Classification. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors, with the classes to be as nearly equal in number as possible, and with the directors serving three-year terms. As a result, approximately one-third of our board of directors is elected each year. The classification of directors has the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors. Our Certificate of Incorporation and our By-laws provide that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors may be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by our board of directors.

No Cumulative Voting. Holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Special Meetings of Stockholders. Our Certificate of Incorporation and our By-laws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by our board of directors. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors.

Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Pursuant to Section 228 of the DGCL, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of our stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, unless our certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our Certificate of Incorporation precludes stockholder action by written consent.

Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Nomination of Directors. Our By-laws require stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate individuals for election as directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, to provide timely notice in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the secretary at our principal executive offices not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day, prior to the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. However, in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, such notice will be timely only if delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth day following the date on which a public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made by us. Our By-laws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our meetings of stockholders. These provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the potential acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.

Removal of Directors; Vacancies. Under the DGCL, unless otherwise provided in our Certificate of Incorporation, directors serving on a classified board may be removed by the stockholders only for cause. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that directors may only be removed for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66²∕3% in the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon. In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that any newly created directorship on our board of

directors resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors and any vacancies in our board of directors may be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director (and not by the stockholders).

Supermajority Provisions. Our Certificate of Incorporation and our By-laws provide that our board of directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal our By-laws without a stockholder vote. Any adoption, amendment or repeal of our By-laws by our stockholders requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66²∕3% of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.

The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, unless the certificate of incorporation requires a greater percentage. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that the affirmative vote of at least 66²∕3% of the voting power of the stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, is required to amend or repeal, or adopt any provision inconsistent with, the following provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation, among others:

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we are not governed by, or otherwise subject to, Section 203 of the DGCL.

The following is a general description of the debt securities that we may offer from time to time. The particular terms of the debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement and the extent, if any, to which the general provisions described below may apply to those securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. We also may sell hybrid securities that combine certain features of debt securities and other securities described in this prospectus. As you read this section, please remember that the specific terms of a debt security as described in the applicable prospectus supplement will supplement and may modify or replace the general terms described in this section. If there are differences between the applicable prospectus supplement and this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement will control. As a result, the statements we make in this section may not apply to the debt security you purchase.

As used in this “Description of the Debt Securities,” the “Company” refers to Piedmont Lithium Inc. and does not, unless the context otherwise indicates, include our subsidiaries. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this section have the respective meanings set forth in the applicable indenture.

The debt securities that we offer will be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities and may be secured or unsecured. We expect to issue senior debt securities under an indenture, which we refer to as the senior indenture, to be entered into between the Company and the trustee named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We expect to issue subordinated debt securities under an indenture, which we refer to as the subordinated indenture, to be entered into between the Company and the trustee named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We expect to issue secured debt securities under an indenture, which we refer to as the secured indenture, to be entered into among the Company, the trustee and the collateral agent. We refer to the senior indenture, the subordinated indenture and the secured indenture as the indentures, and to each of the trustees under the indentures as a trustee. In addition, the indentures may be supplemented or amended as necessary to set forth the terms of any debt securities issued under the indentures. You should read the indentures, including any amendments or supplements, carefully to fully understand the terms of the debt securities. The forms of the senior indenture, the subordinated indenture and the secured indenture have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The indentures are subject to, and are governed by, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

The senior debt securities will be the Company’s unsubordinated obligations. They will rank equally with each other and all of our other unsubordinated debt, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of our senior debt. See “—Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities.” The subordinated debt securities will rank equally with each other and all other subordinated debt of the Company, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The indentures do not limit the amount of debt securities that can be issued thereunder and provide that debt securities of any series may be issued thereunder up to the aggregate principal amount that we may authorize from time to time. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the indentures do not limit the amount of other indebtedness or securities that we may issue. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue debt securities of the same series at more than one time and, unless prohibited by the terms of the series, we may reopen a series for issuances of additional debt securities, without the consent of the holders of the outstanding debt securities of that series. All debt securities issued as a series, including those issued pursuant to any reopening of a series, will vote together as a single class unless otherwise described in the applicable prospectus supplement for such series.

Reference is made to the applicable prospectus supplement for the following and other possible terms of each series of the debt securities in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

“Principal” when used herein includes any premium on any series of the debt securities.

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any debt securities, principal and interest, if any, will be payable, and transfers of the debt securities may be registered, at the office or offices or agency we maintain for such purposes, provided that payment of interest on the debt securities will be paid at such place by check mailed to the persons entitled thereto at the addresses of such persons appearing on the security register. Interest on the debt securities, if any, will be payable on any interest payment date to the persons in whose names the debt securities are registered at the close of business on the record date for such interest payment.

The debt securities may be issued only in fully registered form and, unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any debt securities, in minimum denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. Additionally, the debt securities may be represented in whole or in part by one or more global notes registered in the name of a depository or its nominee and, if so represented, interests in such global note will be shown on, and transfers thereof will be effected only through, records maintained by the designated depository and its participants.

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any debt securities, the debt securities may be exchanged for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities of the same series and date of maturity in such authorized denominations as may be requested upon surrender of the debt securities at an agency of the Company maintained for such purpose and upon fulfillment of all other requirements of such agent. No service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of the debt securities, but we may require payment of an amount sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

The indentures require the annual filing by the Company with the trustee of a certificate as to compliance with certain covenants contained in the indentures.

We will comply with Section 14(e) under the Exchange Act, to the extent applicable, and any other tender offer rules under the Exchange Act that may be applicable, in connection with any obligation to purchase debt securities at the option of the holders thereof. Any such obligation applicable to a series of debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto.

The statements made hereunder relating to the indentures and the debt securities are summaries of certain provisions thereof and do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to all provisions of the indentures and the debt securities and the descriptions thereof, if different, in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We will maintain an office or agency where the debt securities may be presented for payment, conversion, registration of transfer and exchange. The indenture trustee is appointed security registrar for purposes of registering, and registering transfers of, the debt securities. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the indenture trustee also will act as paying agent, and will be authorized to pay principal and interest, if any, on any debt security of any series.

There will be no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange of debt securities, but we or the indenture trustee may require a holder to pay any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of the debt securities, other than certain exchanges not involving any transfer, and other than certain exchanges or transfers as we may specify.

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms and conditions, if any, upon which any series of subordinated debt securities is subordinated to debt securities of another series or to our other indebtedness. The terms will include a description of:

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities.

Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities.

Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to any debt securities, an event of default with respect to the debt securities of any series is defined in the indentures as:

Any failure to perform, or breach of, any covenant or agreement by the Company in respect of the debt securities with respect to the filing with the trustee of the information required to be filed with the SEC shall not be a default or an event of default. Remedies against the Company for any such failure or breach will be limited to liquidated damages. If there is such a failure or breach and continuance of such failure or breach for a period of 90 days after the date on which there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the trustee or to the Company and the trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series, a written notice specifying such failure or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Reporting Noncompliance” under the indenture, the Company will pay liquidated damages to all holders of debt securities, at a rate per year equal to 0.25% of the principal amount of such debt securities from the 90th day following such notice to and including the 150th day following such notice and at a rate per year equal to 0.5% of the principal amount of such Securities from and including the 151st day following such notice, until such failure or breach is cured.

Additional Events of Default may be added for the benefit of holders of certain series of debt securities that, if added, will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities.

The indentures provide that the trustee shall notify the holders of debt securities of each series of any continuing default known to the trustee that has occurred with respect to such series within 90 days after the occurrence thereof. The indentures provide that, notwithstanding the foregoing, except in the case of default in the payment of the principal of, or interest, if any, on any of the debt securities of such series, the trustee may withhold such notice if the trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the holders of debt securities of such series. In addition, we will be required to deliver to the trustee, within 120 days after the end of each year, a certificate indicating whether the officers signing such certificate on our behalf know of any default with respect to the debt securities of any series that occurred during the previous year, specifying each such default and the nature thereof.

Except as otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to any debt securities, the indentures provide that, if an event of default (other than an event of default relating to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganizations) with respect to any series of debt securities shall have occurred and be continuing, either the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of such

series then outstanding, by notice to the Company, may declare the principal amount of all debt securities of such series and accrued and unpaid interest to be due and payable immediately, but upon certain conditions such declaration may be annulled. Any past defaults and the consequences thereof, except a default in the payment of principal of or interest, if any, on debt securities of such series, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of such series then outstanding.

Subject to the provisions of the indentures relating to the duties of the trustee, in case an event of default with respect to any series of debt securities shall occur and be continuing, the trustee shall not be under any obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by the indentures at the request or direction of any of the holders of such series, unless such holders shall have offered to such trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to such trustee. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of each series affected and then outstanding shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee under the applicable indenture or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of such series; provided that the trustee may refuse to follow any direction which is in conflict with any law or such indenture and subject to certain other limitations.

No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of the indentures to institute any proceeding at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise with respect to the indentures or for any remedy thereunder, unless such holder shall have previously given the trustee written notice of an event of default with respect to debt securities of such series and unless the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series shall also have made written request, and offered reasonably satisfactory indemnity, to the trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee, and the trustee shall have failed to institute such proceeding within 60 days after its receipt of such request, and the trustee shall not have received from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series a direction inconsistent with such request. However, the right of a holder of any debt security to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such debt security on or after the due dates expressed in such debt security, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder.

Each indenture provides that the Company may consolidate with or amalgamate or merge with or into, sell, convey or lease all or substantially all of its assets to any other corporation, if:

The indenture with respect to any series of debt securities (except for certain specified surviving obligations, including our obligation to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the debt securities of such series) will be discharged and cancelled upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the payment of all the debt securities of such series or the deposit with the trustee under such indenture of cash or appropriate government obligations or a combination thereof sufficient for such payment or redemption in accordance with the applicable indenture and the terms of the debt securities of such series.

The indentures contain provisions permitting the Company and the trustee thereunder, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of each series at the time outstanding under the applicable indenture affected thereby, to execute supplemental indentures adding

certain provisions to, or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of, the applicable indenture or any supplemental indenture or modifying in any manner the rights of the holders of the debt securities of each such series; provided that, unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, no such supplemental indenture may:

Additional amendments requiring the consent of each holder affected thereby may be added for the benefit of holders of certain series of debt securities and, if added, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities.

Additionally, in certain circumstances prescribed in the indenture governing the relevant series of debt securities, the Company and the trustee may execute supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of debt securities.

The indentures provide, if such provision is made applicable to the debt securities of any series, that the Company may elect to terminate, and be deemed to have satisfied, all of its obligations with respect to such debt securities (except for the obligations to register the transfer or exchange of such debt securities, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities, to maintain an office or agency in respect of the debt securities, to compensate and indemnify the trustee and to punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of, and interest, if any, on all debt securities of such series when due) (“defeasance”) upon the deposit with the trustee, in trust for such purpose, of funds and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide funds in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the outstanding debt securities of such series, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon, on the scheduled due dates therefor. Such a trust may be established only if the Company complies with certain conditions, including delivery to the trustee of an opinion of counsel confirming that, subject to customary assumptions and exclusions, the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

The applicable prospectus supplement may further describe these or other provisions, if any, permitting defeasance with respect to the debt securities of any series.

The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depository (a “Debt Depository”) identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Global securities may be issued only in fully registered form and in either temporary or permanent form. Unless otherwise provided in such prospectus supplement, debt securities that are represented by a global security will be issued in denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof and will be issued in registered form only, without coupons. Payments of principal of, and interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a global security will be made by the Company to the trustee under the applicable indenture, and then forwarded to the Debt Depository.

We anticipate that any global securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), and that such global securities will be registered in the name of Cede & Co., DTC’s

nominee. We further anticipate that the following provisions will apply to the depository arrangements with respect to any such global securities. Any additional or differing terms of the depository arrangements will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities issued in the form of global securities.

So long as DTC or its nominee is the registered owner of a global security, DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole holder of the debt securities represented by such global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture. Except as described below, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have debt securities represented by such global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of debt securities in certificated form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable indenture. The laws of some states require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in certificated form; accordingly, such laws may limit the transferability of beneficial interests in a global security.

If DTC is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depository or if at any time DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act if so required by applicable law or regulation, and, in either case, we do not appoint a successor Debt Depository within 90 days, we will issue individual debt securities in certificated form in exchange for the global securities. In addition, we may determine, at any time and subject to the procedures of DTC, not to have any debt securities represented by one or more global securities, and, in such event, will issue individual debt securities in certificated form in exchange for the relevant global securities. Beneficial interests in global securities will also be exchangeable for individual debt securities in certificated form in the event of a default or an Event of Default or upon prior written notice to the trustee by or on behalf of DTC or at the request of the owner of such beneficial interests, in accordance with the indenture. In any of the foregoing circumstances, an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security will be entitled to physical delivery of individual debt securities in certificated form of like tenor and rank, equal in principal amount to such beneficial interest, and to have such debt securities in certificated form registered in its name. Unless otherwise described in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities so issued in certificated form will be issued in denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof, and will be issued in registered form only, without coupons.

DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds securities that its participants (“Participants”) deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among Participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in Participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations (“Direct Participants”). DTC is owned by a number of its Direct Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the American Stock Exchange, Inc. and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, such as securities brokers and dealers, and banks and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”). The rules applicable to DTC and its Participants are on file with the Commission.

Purchases of debt securities under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the debt securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each debt security (“Beneficial Owner”) is in turn recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants’ records. A Beneficial Owner does not receive written confirmation from DTC of its purchase, but is expected to receive a written confirmation providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of its holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participants through which such Beneficial Owner entered into the action. Transfers of ownership interests in debt securities are accomplished by entries made on the books of Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners do not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in debt securities, except as described above.

To facilitate subsequent transfers, the debt securities are registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co. The deposit of the debt securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. will effect

no change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the debt securities; DTC records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts debt securities are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Participants remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

Delivery of notice and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners are governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.

Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. consents or votes with respect to the debt securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC mails a proxy (an “Omnibus Proxy”) to the issuer as soon as possible after the record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.’s consenting or voting rights to those Direct Participants to whose accounts the debt securities are credited on the record date (identified on a list attached to the Omnibus Proxy).

Principal and interest payments, if any, on the debt securities will be made to DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit Direct Participants’ accounts on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings as shown on DTC’s records, unless DTC has reason to believe that it will not receive payment on the payment date. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners are governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and are the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC, the trustee or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of principal and interest, if any, to DTC is our or the trustee’s responsibility, disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants is DTC’s responsibility, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners is the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants.

DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository with respect to the debt securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us or the trustee. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities depository is not appointed, debt security certificates are required to be printed and delivered.

We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry transfers through DTC (or a successor securities depository). In that event, debt security certificates will be printed and delivered.

We have obtained the information in this section concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy of this information.

None of us, any underwriter or agent, the trustee or any applicable paying agent will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial interests in a global security, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial interest.

The Bank of New York Mellon is to be the trustee under the indentures. The Company and its subsidiaries may maintain accounts and conduct other banking transactions with affiliates of the trustee.

No director, officer, employee, incorporator, stockholder, member, manager or partner of the Company, as such, will have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the debt securities of any series or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each holder of debt securities of any series by accepting such debt securities waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of such securities. The waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws.

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement a description of any warrants, purchase contracts or units that may be offered pursuant to this prospectus. The warrants, purchase contracts and units and each warrant agreement, purchase contract agreement and unit agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

Any shares of common stock that we offer may be issued in Australia in the form of CDIs. If an offering includes such securities, it will be further described in a prospectus supplement.

We may sell the offered securities through agents, through underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers or through a combination of any of these methods of sale. The prospectus supplement will include the following information:

If we use underwriters in the sale, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if they purchase any of them. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers. If we utilize an underwriter or underwriters in the sale, we will execute an underwriting agreement with such underwriters at the time of sale to them. Any underwriters will use the prospectus supplement to make sales of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered to the public.

We may make sales of our common stock to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents in at-the-market offerings and will do so pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement between the underwriters, dealers or agents and us. If we engage in at-the-market sales pursuant to a distribution agreement, we will issue and sell shares of our common stock to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, which may act on an agency basis or on a principal basis. During the term of any such distribution agreement, we may sell shares on a daily basis in exchange transactions or otherwise as we agree with the underwriters, dealers or agent. The distribution agreement may provide that any shares of our common stock sold will be sold at prices related to the then prevailing market prices for our securities. Therefore, exact figures regarding net proceeds to us or commissions to be paid are impossible to determine and will be described in a prospectus supplement. Pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement, we also may agree to sell, and the relevant underwriters, dealers or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase, blocks of our common stock. The terms of each such distribution agreement will be set forth in more detail in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus. To the extent that any named underwriter, dealer or agent acts as principal pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement, or if we offer to sell shares of our common stock through another dealer acting as underwriter, then such named underwriter may engage in certain transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock. We will describe any such activities in the prospectus supplement relating to the transaction. To the extent that any named dealer or agent acts as agent on a best efforts basis pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement, such dealer or agent will not engage in any such stabilization transactions.

In connection with any particular offering pursuant to this shelf registration statement, an underwriter may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids.

Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price.

Over-allotment involves sales by an underwriter of shares in excess of the number of shares an underwriter is obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered

short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by an underwriter is not greater than the number of shares that it may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. An underwriter may close out any short position by either exercising its over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market.

Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the common shares in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, an underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. If an underwriter sells more shares than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if an underwriter is concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

Penalty bids permit representatives to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the common shares originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common shares. As a result, the price of our common shares may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on Nasdaq or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

If we use dealers in the sale of securities, we will sell the securities to the dealers as principals. They may then resell those securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. We will include in the prospectus supplement the names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction.

We may sell the securities directly, without the involvement of underwriters or agents. We also many sell the securities through agents we designate from time to time, who may be deemed to be underwriters as that term is defined in the Securities Act. In the prospectus supplement, we will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities, and we will describe any commissions payable by us to the agent. Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.

We may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of those securities. We will describe the terms of any such sales in the prospectus supplement.

If we so indicate in the prospectus supplement, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement would describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.

We may have agreements with the agents, dealers and underwriters to indemnify them against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments that the agents, dealers or underwriters may be required to make. Agents, dealers and underwriters may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of their business.

In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, securities must be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, some states may restrict us from selling securities unless the securities have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, the validity of the securities being offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, New York, New York.

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Sayona Mining Limited for the two years ended June 30, 2022, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of Nexia Brisbane Audit Pty Ltd, an independent registered public accounting firm, given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Atlantic Lithium Limited for the two years ended June 30, 2022 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of BDO Audit Pty Ltd, an independent registered public accounting firm, given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of the Carolina Lithium Project incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2021, and performed by Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc., McGarry Geoconsulting Corp. and Primero Americas Inc. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters. The Company, with input from the firms and experts responsible for the original delineation of mineral resources and ore reserves, continues to develop internal plans to both optimize the project with respect to production rates, equipment selectivity, mining methods, amongst other factors and mitigate operational, environmental, and permitting risks. Outcomes of such work have not been incorporated into estimations of mineral resources or ore reserves at the present time, and such estimates as reflected in the Company’s various filings maintain an effective Date of December 31, 2021.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of North American Lithium incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2023, and performed by Sayona Quebec, Inc. and Synectiq Inc. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of the Authier Lithium Project incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2023, and performed by Sayona Quebec, Inc. and SGS Canada Inc. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters.

The estimates of mineral resources and ore reserves and related information of the Ewoyaa Lithium Project incorporated by reference herein are based upon analyses contained in the Technical Report Summary, with an effective date of December 31, 2023, and performed by Ashmore Advisory Pty Ltd., Mining Focus Consultants Pty Ltd., Atlantic Lithium Ltd., and Trinol Pty Ltd. Such estimates and related information have been so incorporated in reliance upon the authority of such firms as experts in such matters.