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This preliminary prospectus supplement relates to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, but is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)

Registration Statement No. 333-285506

Subject to Completion, dated May 19, 2026.
Preliminary Prospectus Supplement to Prospectus dated March 3, 2025.

% Senior Notes Due 2031

We are offering $ aggregate principal amount ( units, each unit representing $25) of our % Senior Notes due 2031 (the “notes”). The notes will bear interest at a rate equal to % per year, payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2026. The notes will mature on June 1, 2031. The notes will be issued in minimum denominations of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof or in units (each unit representing $25).

We may redeem the notes, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time on or after June 1, 2028 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase all outstanding notes at a price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. See “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event.”

The notes will be our senior unsecured obligations and will rank equal in right of payment with our other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the notes. The notes, however, will be effectively subordinated in right of payment to our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to the claims of our subsidiaries’ creditors, including trade creditors.

The notes are a new issue of securities and there is no established trading market for the notes. We intend to apply for listing of the notes on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “RWTS.” If approved for listing, trading on the NYSE is expected to begin within 30 days of May , 2026, the original issue date. The notes are expected to trade “flat,” meaning that purchasers will not pay, and sellers will not receive, any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes that is not included in the trading price.

Investing in the notes involves risks that are described under the caption “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.

Per Note

Total(1)

Public offering price

Underwriting discount(2)

Proceeds to us (before expenses)

(1)

Assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, described below.

(2)

See “Underwriting” for a description of additional compensation payable by us to the underwriters.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We have also granted the underwriters an option to purchase within 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement up to an additional $ principal amount ( units, each unit representing $25) of notes from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

The underwriters expect to deliver the notes in book-entry form only through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company on or about May , 2026, for the accounts of its participants, including Clearstream Banking, société anonyme, and Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System.

Joint Book-Running Managers

Morgan Stanley

RBC Capital Markets

UBS Investment Bank

Wells Fargo Securities

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

Piper Sandler

The date of this prospectus supplement is , 2026

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

	Page
About This Prospectus Supplement		S-ii
Forward-Looking Statements		S-iii
Summary		S-1
The Offering		S-3
Risk Factors		S-6
Use of Proceeds		S-10
Description of the Notes		S-11
Underwriting		S-23
Legal Matters		S-28
Experts		S-28
Where You Can Obtain More Information		S-29
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference		S-29

PROSPECTUS

	About This Prospectus					1
	Risk Factors					2
	Cautionary Statement					3
	Redwood Trust, Inc.					5
	Use of Proceeds					6
	General Description of Securities					7
	Description of Debt Securities					8
	Description of Common Stock					16
	Description of Preferred Stock					17
	Description of Securities Warrants					18
	Description of Rights to Purchase Shares of Common or Preferred Stock					19
	Description of Units					20
	Global Securities					21
	Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares					24
	Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws					26
	Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations					29
	Plan of Distribution					58
	Validity of the Securities					59
	Experts					59
	Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference					59
	Where You Can Find More Information					60

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

You should read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering when making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents we have referred you to in the section of this prospectus supplement entitled “Where You Can Obtain More Information.” This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the SEC, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. We have omitted certain parts of the registration statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. You may find the registration statement, including exhibits, on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in the accompanying prospectus. In addition, any statement in a filing we make with the SEC that adds to, updates or changes information contained in an earlier filing we made with the SEC shall be deemed to modify and supersede such information in the earlier filing.

Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus supplement to “Redwood,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references mean Redwood Trust, Inc. and its subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the terms mean Redwood Trust, Inc. only. In statements regarding qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), such terms refer solely to Redwood Trust, Inc.

If the information set forth in this prospectus supplement differs in any way from the information set forth in the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information set forth in this prospectus supplement.

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained or incorporated by reference herein or therein. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.

We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell the notes in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since that date. Neither this prospectus supplement nor the accompanying prospectus constitutes an offer, or an invitation on our behalf or on behalf of the underwriters, to subscribe for and purchase any of the securities, and may not be used for or in connection with an offer or solicitation by anyone, in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). You can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “could,” “should,” “continue” or the negative of such terms or similar words or expressions. These forward-looking statements may also use different phrases.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include, among other things, statements that address our strategy, operating and financial performance and events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including, but not limited to, our statements in “Summary — The Offering” on page S-3 and our statements in “Use of Proceeds” on page S-10 regarding our intended use of the proceeds of this offering.

These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in any forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties include those described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and in our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, as well as those referenced in “Risk Factors” below. Important factors that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected results are summarized below. Other factors besides those listed could also adversely affect us. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include:

•

adverse economic and market conditions-including in housing, real estate, mortgage finance, and broader financial markets;

•

changing benchmark interest rates-and the Federal Reserve’s actions and statements;

•

federal, state, and local legislative and regulatory developments, and actions by governmental authorities and entities;

•

our ability to compete successfully;

•

our ability to adapt our business model and strategies;

•

strategic business and capital deployment decisions we make;

•

our use of financial leverage;

•

our exposure to a breach of our cybersecurity or data security;

•

the impact of public health events such as pandemics;

•

our exposure to credit risk and the timing of credit losses within our portfolio;

•

the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed to, including due to the structure of assets we hold and the geographical concentration of real estate underlying assets we own, and our exposure to environmental and climate-related risks;

•

the efficacy and expense of our efforts to manage or hedge credit risk, interest rate risk, and other financial and operational risks;

•

changes in credit ratings on assets we own and changes in the rating agencies’ credit rating methodologies;

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•

changes in interest rates or mortgage prepayment rates;

•

investment and reinvestment risk;

•

asset performance, interest rate volatility, changes in credit spreads, and changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities and loans;

•

our ability to finance the acquisition of real estate-related assets with short-term debt;

•

the ability of counterparties to satisfy their obligations to us;

•

we may enter into new lines of business, acquire other companies, or engage in other new strategic initiatives;

•

changes in the demand from investors for residential consumer and residential investor mortgages and investments, and our ability to distribute residential consumer and residential investor loans through our whole-loan distribution channels;

•

our involvement in loan and home equity investment contracts (“HEI”) origination and securitization transactions, the profitability of those transactions, and the risks we are exposed to in engaging in loan origination or securitization transactions;

•

foreclosure activity may expose us to risks associated with real estate ownership and operation;

•

exposure to claims and litigation, including litigation arising from loan or HEI origination and securitization transactions;

•

acquisitions or new business initiatives may fail to improve our business and could expose us to new or increased risks;

•

whether we have sufficient liquid assets to meet short-term needs;

•

changes in our investment, financing, and hedging strategies and new risks we may be exposed to if we expand or reorganize;

•

our ability to successfully retain or attract key personnel;

•

we are dependent on third-party information systems and third-party service providers;

•

our exposure to a disruption of our or a third party’s technology infrastructure and systems;

•

our failure to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures;

•

our risk management efforts may not be effective;

•

we could be harmed by misconduct or fraud;

•

inadvertent errors, system failures or cybersecurity incidents could disrupt our business;

•

the impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others;

•

accounting rules related to certain of our transactions and asset valuations are highly complex and involve significant judgment and assumptions;

•

the future realization of our deferred tax assets is uncertain, and the amount of valuation allowance we may apply against our deferred tax assets may change materially in future periods;

•

the impact of changes to U.S. federal income tax laws on the U.S. housing market, mortgage finance markets, and our business;

•

regulatory risk related to HEI, including recharacterization or regulation as mortgage loans;

•

our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulation, including our ability to obtain or maintain required governmental licenses;

•

our ability to maintain our status as a REIT for tax purposes;

•

our ability to raise, manage, and deploy capital;

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•

limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940;

•

provisions in our charter and bylaws and provisions of Maryland law may limit a change in control or deter a takeover;

•

the ability to take action against our directors and officers is limited by our charter and bylaws and provisions of Maryland law and we may indemnify them against certain losses;

•

our stock and the notes may experience losses, volatility, and poor liquidity, and we may reduce our dividends;

•

a limited number of institutional shareholders own a significant percentage of our common stock;

•

future sales of our stock or other securities by us or our officers and directors may have adverse consequences for investors;

•

dividend distributions and the timing and character of such dividends may change;

•

payment of dividends in common stock could place downward pressure on market price; and

•

other factors not yet identified, including broad market fluctuations.

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SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus include information about the notes we are offering as well as information regarding our business and financial data. You should read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including information incorporated by reference, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, in their entirety. Investors should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus supplement to “Redwood,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references mean Redwood Trust, Inc. and its subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the terms mean Redwood Trust, Inc. only. In statements regarding qualification as a REIT, such terms refer solely to Redwood Trust, Inc. Unless otherwise stated, all information contained in this prospectus supplement assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional notes in this offering.

About Redwood Trust, Inc.

Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is a specialty finance company focused on several distinct areas of housing credit where we provide liquidity to growing segments of the U.S. housing market not well served by government programs. We deliver customized housing credit investments to a diverse mix of investors, through our best-in-class securitization platforms, whole-loan distribution activities, joint ventures and our publicly traded shares. Our goal is to provide attractive returns to shareholders through a stable and growing stream of earnings and dividends, capital appreciation, and a commitment to technological innovation that facilitates risk-minded scale. We operate through three core residential housing-focused operating platforms — Sequoia, Aspire, and CoreVest — alongside our complementary Redwood Investments portfolio which is primarily composed of assets we source through these platforms. Redwood Investments also includes RWT Horizons®, our unified technology platform spanning internal AI innovation and strategic investments across the ecosystem, which supports our efforts to develop an AI-first operating model that enables compounding operational leverage and scalable growth. These platforms reflect how we manage and organize our business and may differ from the manner in which our reportable segments are presented for financial reporting purposes.

We report our results through the following reportable segments: Sequoia Mortgage Banking, Aspire Mortgage Banking, CoreVest Mortgage Banking, Redwood Investments and Legacy Investments. In the first quarter of 2026, we identified and began reporting a new reportable segment, Aspire Mortgage Banking, which was previously included within the Sequoia Mortgage Banking segment and consists of our expanded-credit residential mortgage conduit focused on acquiring and distributing residential consumer loans under expanded underwriting criteria, commonly referred to as “Expanded” or non-QM loans. These loan programs, primarily bank statement and DSCR loans, are designed for prime quality borrowers seeking alternative underwriting solutions, a segment that continues to grow within the U.S housing finance market. Since its launch in the first quarter of 2025, Aspire has scaled rapidly, including completing $914 million of loan sales to institutional buyers during 2025 and executing its first non-QM securitization in the first quarter of 2026. These activities supported improved capital turnover and reflect Aspire’s increasing contribution and distinct operating characteristics relative to our Sequoia Mortgage Banking segment. Aspire Mortgage Banking segment is expected to continue to grow over time as we expand our presence in this market.

Redwood Trust, Inc. has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We generally refer, collectively, to Redwood Trust, Inc. and those of its subsidiaries that are generally not subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “the REIT” or “our

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REIT.” We generally refer to subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. that are subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “our taxable REIT subsidiaries” or “TRSs.”

General Information

We were incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994, and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. We operate so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941. Our telephone number is (415) 389-7373. Our website is www.redwoodtrust.com. Information contained in or that can be accessed through our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.

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THE OFFERING

The following is a brief summary of certain terms of this offering and the notes. This summary is not a complete description of this offering or the notes. For a more complete description of the terms of the notes, see “Description of the Notes” in this prospectus supplement and “Description Debt Securities” in the accompanying prospectus.

Issuer

Redwood Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

Notes

$ principal amount of % Senior Notes due 2031 ( units, each unit representing $25) (plus up to an additional $ principal amount ( units, each unit representing $25) if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional notes to cover over-allotments, if any) issued in minimum denominations of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof or in units (each unit representing $25).

Maturity Date

June 1, 2031, unless redeemed prior to maturity.

Interest Rate

% per year. Interest will accrue from May , 2026 and will be payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2026.

Optional Redemption; no Sinking Fund

We may redeem the notes at our option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, on or after June 1, 2028 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No “sinking fund” is provided for the notes, which means that we are not required to redeem or retire the notes periodically.

Change of Control Offer to Repurchase

If a Change of Control Repurchase Event as defined under “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event” occurs, we must offer to repurchase the notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. See “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event” in this prospectus supplement.

Ranking

The notes will be our senior unsecured obligations and will rank equal in right of payment with our existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, including, as of March 31, 2026, $297.2 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of our existing 7.75% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”), $59.1 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of our existing 9.125% senior notes due 2029 (the “9.125% 2029 Notes”), $84.0 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of our existing 9.00% senior notes due 2029 (the “9.00% 2029 Notes”), $89.2 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of our existing 9.125% senior notes due 2030 (the “9.125% 2030 Notes”) and $100.0 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of our existing 9.50% senior notes due 2030 (the “9.50% 2030 Notes” and together with the 9.125% 2029 Notes, the 9.00% 2029 Notes and the 9.125% 2030 Notes, the “Existing Senior Notes”), and senior in right of payment to any existing and future indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the notes. The notes, however, will be effectively subordinated to our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to the claims of our subsidiaries’ creditors, including trade creditors.

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trade and other payables. As of March 31, 2026, the aggregate amount of secured liabilities of our subsidiaries was $3.9 billion and the aggregate amount of unsecured liabilities of our subsidiaries was $8 million, in each case excluding trade and other payables and excluding intercompany liabilities. The indenture does not limit the amount of debt that may be issued by us or our subsidiaries under the indenture or otherwise.

Events of Default

Except as described under “Description of the Notes — Events of Default,” if an event of default with respect to the notes occurs, holders may, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, accelerate the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. If the event of default relates to our failure to comply with the reporting obligations in the indenture governing the notes, then, at our option, the sole remedy for the first 365 days following such event of default consists exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the notes described under “Description of the Notes — Events of Default.” In addition, the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest will automatically become due and payable in the case of certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events as described under “Description of the Notes — Events of Default.”

Book-Entry Form

The notes will be issued in book-entry form and will be represented by one or more permanent global certificates deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company (or DTC) and registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Beneficial interests in any of the notes will be shown on, and transfers will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC or its nominee and any such interest may not be exchanged for certificated securities, except in limited circumstances.

Listing

We intend to apply for listing of the notes on NYSE under the symbol “RWTS.” If approved for listing, trading on the NYSE is expected to begin within 30 days of May , 2026, the original issue date.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

For a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes, please see Exhibit 99.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 22, 2025 under the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” which supersedes and replaces in all respects the discussion under the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus.

Trustee and Paying Agent

Wilmington Trust, National Association.

Use of Proceeds

We expect that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $ million (or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full) after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and our estimated expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding our operating businesses and investment activities, such as our Sequoia, Aspire, and CoreVest mortgage banking platforms, acquiring related assets for our Redwood Investments portfolio, and pursuing strategic acquisitions and investments. See “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus supplement.

Governing Law

New York.

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Risk Factors

Investing in the notes involves risks that are described under the caption “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, and as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in the notes being offered by this prospectus supplement involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in the notes, you should consider carefully the risk factors described below, the risk factors incorporated herein by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and the risk factors contained in any supplement to this prospectus supplement that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow. As a result, the market price of our common stock, and, in turn, the trading price of the notes, could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we think are immaterial may also materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition and could result in a complete loss of your investment.

Risks Related to the Notes and to this Offering

The notes are effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured debt and structurally subordinated to the liabilities of our subsidiaries.

The notes will be our senior unsecured obligations and will rank equal in right of payment with our existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, including the 2027 Notes and the Existing Senior Notes, and senior in right of payment to any existing and future indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the notes. The notes, however, will be effectively subordinated to our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness. As of March 31, 2026, on a consolidated basis, we and our subsidiaries had $4.1 billion in outstanding secured indebtedness and $777 million in outstanding senior unsecured indebtedness, in each case exclusive of trade and other payables. The provisions of the indenture governing the notes will not prohibit us from incurring additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness, in the future. Consequently, in the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to us, the holders of any secured indebtedness will be entitled to proceed directly against the collateral securing such indebtedness. Therefore, such collateral will not be available for satisfaction of any amounts owed under our unsecured indebtedness, including the notes, until such secured indebtedness is satisfied in full.

Our subsidiaries will not guarantee the notes. Accordingly, the notes will also be structurally subordinated to all existing and future unsecured and secured liabilities and preferred equity of our subsidiaries, including trade creditors. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to any such subsidiary, we, as a common equity owner of such subsidiary, and, therefore, holders of our debt, including holders of the notes, will be subject to the prior claims of such subsidiary’s creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred equity holders. As of March 31, 2026, the aggregate amount of secured liabilities of our subsidiaries was $3.9 billion and the aggregate amount of unsecured liabilities of our subsidiaries was $8 million, in each case excluding trade and other payables and excluding intercompany liabilities, and our operating subsidiaries had no outstanding preferred equity. The provisions of the indenture governing the notes will not prohibit our subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness or issuing preferred equity in the future.

In the ordinary course of business, we and our subsidiaries may seek to procure new secured and/or unsecured financing capacity to fund our mortgage banking operations, repay existing debt, make long-term portfolio investments, increase our unrestricted cash and liquidity, fund strategic acquisitions and investments, or for other purposes.

Our significant level of indebtedness and liabilities could limit cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to satisfy our obligations under the notes.

We have now and, following the consummation of this offering, will continue to have a significant amount of indebtedness and liabilities. As of March 31, 2026, our total consolidated liabilities (excluding asset-backed securities issued by consolidated securitization entities, for which we are not liable) was

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$5.4 billion. We will incur significant additional indebtedness if and when we sell the notes. We may also incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our business, results of operations and financial condition, including:

•

increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;

•

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;

•

requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our

•

indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of our cash flow available for other purposes;

•

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business; and

•

placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with less leveraged competitors and competitors that may have better access to capital resources.

We cannot assure you that we will continue to maintain sufficient cash reserves or that our business will continue to generate cash flow from operations at levels sufficient to permit us to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness, or that our cash needs will not increase. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments, or if we fail to comply with the various requirements of the notes to be offered and sold in this offering, or any other indebtedness then outstanding, we would be in default, which would permit the holders of the affected indebtedness to accelerate the maturity of such indebtedness and could cause defaults under our other indebtedness. Any default under these notes or any other indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We conduct a significant amount of our operations through our subsidiaries and will rely significantly on our subsidiaries to make payments under the notes.

We conduct a significant amount of our operations through our subsidiaries. Accordingly, our ability to pay amounts due on the notes will significantly depend on the cash flows of our subsidiaries and their ability to make distributions to us. None of our subsidiaries has guaranteed or otherwise become obligated with respect to the notes. Furthermore, none of our subsidiaries are under any obligation to make payments to us, and any payments to us would depend on the earnings or financial condition of our subsidiaries and various business considerations. Statutory, contractual or other restrictions may also limit our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make distributions, loans or advances to us. For these reasons, we may not have access to any assets or cash flows of our subsidiaries to make payments on the notes.

Despite our current indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more indebtedness.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, including pursuant to a capital markets transaction such as a notes offering as well as secured indebtedness that will be structurally senior to the notes. Furthermore, the indenture governing the notes will not limit the amount of debt that we or our subsidiaries may incur. Adding new indebtedness to current debt levels could make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the notes.

An increase in market interest rates could result in a decrease in the value of the notes.

If interest rates, or expected future interest rates, rise during the term of the notes, the trading price of the notes will likely decrease because notes bearing interest at a fixed rate generally decline in value as market interest rates rise. Because interest rates and interest rate expectations are influenced by a wide variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that there will not be further increases in interest rates, or that changes in interest rates or interest rate expectations will not adversely affect the trading price of the notes.

There are limited covenants and protections in the Indenture.

While the indenture and the notes contain terms intended to provide protection to holders upon the occurrence of certain events involving significant corporate transactions and our creditworthiness, these

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terms are limited and may not be sufficient to protect your investment in the notes. For example, the indenture will not contain any financial covenants and will not restrict us from paying dividends, incurring additional debt (including any repurchase agreements or financing any of our assets through securitizations), issuing or repurchasing our other securities or securing indebtedness with the stock or equity interests of our subsidiaries. As a result, we could enter into transactions that could increase the total amount of our outstanding indebtedness, adversely affect our capital structure or our credit ratings, or otherwise adversely affect the holders of the notes.

In addition, as described under “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event,” upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Repurchase Event, holders are entitled to require us to repurchase their notes at 101% of their principal amount. However, the definition of the term “Change of Control Repurchase Event” is limited and does not cover a variety of transactions (such as acquisitions by us, recapitalizations or “going private” transactions by our affiliates) that could negatively affect the value of your notes. If we were to enter into a significant corporate transaction that negatively affects the value of the notes, but would not constitute a Change of Control Repurchase Event, you would not have any rights to require us to repurchase the notes prior to their maturity, which also would adversely affect your investment. Other than the rights associated with a Change of Control Repurchase Event and the restrictions provided by the merger covenant described under “Description of the Notes — Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets,” we generally have no duty to consider the interests of holders of the notes in determining whether to engage in such transaction.

An active trading market may not develop for the notes, which could adversely affect the price of the notes in the secondary market and your ability to resell the notes should you desire to do so.

The notes are a new issue of securities and there is no established trading market for the notes. We intend to apply to list the notes on the NYSE under the symbol “RWTS.” If the application is approved, we expect trading in the notes on the NYSE to begin within 30 days after the notes are first issued; however, we cannot make any assurance as to:

•

the development of an active trading market;

•

the liquidity of any trading market that may develop;

•

the ability of holders to sell their notes; and

•

the price at which the holders would be able to sell their notes.

If a trading market were to develop, the future trading prices of the notes will depend on many factors, including prevailing interest rates, our credit ratings published by major rating agencies, the market for similar securities and our operating performance and financial condition. If a trading market does develop, there is no assurance that it will continue. If an active public trading market for the notes does not develop or does not continue, the market price and liquidity of the notes is likely to be adversely affected and notes traded after their purchase may trade at a discount from their purchase price.

The notes are expected to trade “flat,” meaning that purchasers will not pay, and sellers will not receive, any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes that is not included in the trading price.

We may not be able to repurchase the notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event.

Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Repurchase Event (as defined in “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event”), each holder of notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or any part of such holder’s notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the date of repurchase. If we experience a Change of Control Repurchase Event, we cannot assure you that we would have sufficient financial resources available to satisfy our obligations to repurchase the notes. Our failure to repurchase the notes as required under the indenture governing the notes would result in a default under the indenture, which could result in defaults under agreements governing any of our other indebtedness, including the acceleration of the payment of any borrowings thereunder, and have material adverse consequences for us and the holders of the notes.

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Holders of the notes will have different repurchase rights than holders of our 2027 Notes.

Upon the occurrence of a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture governing the 2027 Notes), each holder of the 2027 Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or any part of such holder’s notes on the terms set forth in the indenture governing the 2027 Notes. The definition of fundamental change under the 2027 Notes includes the events listed in the definition of Change of Control Repurchase Event, but also includes our stockholders approving any plan or proposal for our liquidation or dissolution and “termination of trading” events upon a delisting of our common stock. Accordingly, in the event our stockholders approve a plan or proposal for our liquidation or dissolution or there occurs a “termination of trading” event upon a delisting our common stock (each as more fully described in the indenture governing the 2027 Notes), holders of the 2027 Notes will have repurchase rights that holders of the notes will not have.

Redemption may adversely affect your return on the notes.

On or after June 1, 2028, we will have the right to redeem some or all of the notes prior to maturity, as described under “Description of the Notes — Optional Redemption of the Notes.” We may redeem the notes at times when prevailing interest rates may be relatively low compared to rates at the time of issuance of the notes. Accordingly, you may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as that of the notes.

An adverse rating of the notes may cause their trading price to fall.

We do not intend to seek a rating on the notes. However, if a rating service were to rate the notes and if such rating service were to lower its rating on the notes below the rating initially assigned to the notes or otherwise announces its intention to put the notes on credit watch, the trading price of the notes could decline.

We may invest or spend the proceeds of this offering in ways with which you may not agree.

Although we have described in this prospectus supplement, under the caption “Use of Proceeds,” how we currently intend to use the proceeds to us from this offering, we will retain broad discretion over the use of the proceeds. Stockholders and holders of the notes may not deem such uses desirable, and our use of the proceeds may not yield a significant return or any return at all for our stockholders. Because of the number and variability of factors that determine our use of the proceeds from this offering, our actual uses of the proceeds from this offering may vary substantially from our currently planned uses.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds of this offering will be approximately $ million (or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full), after deduction of underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding our operating businesses and investment activities, such as our Sequoia, Aspire, and CoreVest mortgage banking platforms, acquiring related assets for our Redwood Investments portfolio, and pursuing strategic acquisitions and investments.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

We will issue the notes under an indenture, which we refer to as the base indenture, dated as of March 6, 2013, between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, which we refer to as the trustee, as supplemented by a supplemental indenture establishing the terms of the notes, which we refer to as the supplemental indenture. We refer to the base indenture and the supplemental indenture, collectively, as the indenture. The terms of the notes include those expressly set forth in the indenture and those made part of the indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

The following description is a summary of the material provisions of the notes and the indenture and does not purport to be complete. This summary is subject to, and is qualified by reference to, all the provisions of the notes and the indenture, including the definitions of certain terms used in the indenture. You may request a copy of the indenture from us. We will file the indenture by means of a Current Report on Form 8-K. See “Where You Can Obtain More Information” in this prospectus supplement.

For purposes of this description, references to “Redwood Trust, Inc.,” “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer only to Redwood Trust, Inc. and not to its subsidiaries.

General

The notes will be a single series under the indenture, initially in the aggregate principal amount of $ million ($ million if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional notes is exercised in full). The notes will be issued only in fully registered form without coupons, in minimum denominations of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof or in units (each unit representing $25). The notes will be evidenced by one or more global notes in book-entry only form, except under the limited circumstances described under “— Certificated Notes.” Currently, there is no public market for the notes. The notes are expected to be listed on the NYSE under the symbol “RWTS.”

The notes will not be convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common shares or any other securities. The indenture will not contain any financial covenants and will not restrict us from paying dividends or issuing or repurchasing any of our other securities. Other that the restrictions described below under “— Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets,” the indenture will not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to afford holders of the notes protection in the event of a takeover, recapitalization, highly leveraged transaction or similar restructuring involving us that could adversely affect such holders.

Ranking

The notes:

•

will be our senior unsecured obligations;

•

will rank equal in right of payment with our existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, including our 2027 Notes and our Existing Senior Notes;

•

will rank senior in right of payment to any existing and future indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the notes;

•

will be effectively subordinated to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness; and

•

will be structurally subordinated to the claims of our subsidiaries’ creditors, including trade creditors.

As of March 31, 2026, on a consolidated basis, we and our subsidiaries had $4.1 billion in outstanding secured indebtedness and $777 million in outstanding senior unsecured indebtedness, in each case exclusive of trade and other payables. As of March 31, 2026, the aggregate amount of secured liabilities of our subsidiaries was $3.9 billion and the aggregate amount of unsecured liabilities of our subsidiaries was $8 million, in each case excluding trade and other payables and excluding intercompany liabilities.

Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due on the notes or to make any funds available to us for payment on the

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notes, whether by dividends, loans or other payments. In addition, the payment of dividends and the making of loans and advances to us by our subsidiaries may be subject to statutory, contractual or other restrictions, may depend on their earnings, cash flows and financial condition and are subject to various business considerations. As a result, we may be unable to gain access to the cash flow or assets of our subsidiaries.

Additional Notes

The series of debt securities of which the notes are a part may be reopened and we may, from time to time, issue additional debt securities of the same series ranking equally and ratably with the notes and with terms identical to the notes, except with respect to issue date, issue price and, if applicable, the date from which interest will accrue, without notice to, or the consent of, any of the holders of the notes, provided that if any such additional debt securities are not fungible with the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such additional debt securities will have separate CUSIP and ISIN numbers from the notes. The additional debt securities will carry the same right to receive accrued and unpaid interest on the notes, and such additional debt securities will form a single series of debt securities with the notes.

Interest

The notes will bear interest at the rate per annum set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement from, and including, May , 2026, and the subsequent interest periods will be the periods from, and including, an interest payment date to, but excluding, the next interest payment date or the stated maturity date or earlier redemption date, as the case may be. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2026, to the persons in whose names the notes are registered at the close of business on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15, as the case may be, immediately before the relevant interest payment date. All payments will be made in U.S. dollars.

Interest on the notes will be computed on the basis of a 360 day year consisting of twelve 30 day months. Interest and principal payments will be made only on a Business Day (as defined below). If any interest and principal payment is due on a non-Business Day, we will make the payment on the next day that is a Business Day. Payments made on the next Business Day in this situation will be treated under the indenture as if they were made on the original due date. Such payment will not result in a Default under the notes or the indenture, and no interest will accrue on the payment amount from the original due date to the next day that is a Business Day.

“Business Day” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any other day which is a federal holiday or any day on which banking institutions in New York City or the location of the corporate trust office of the trustee are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed.

“Default” means any event that is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an event of default (as described below under “— Events of Default”).

We will pay interest to the person listed in the registrar’s records as the owner of the notes at the close of business on the record date for the applicable interest payment date, even if that person no longer owns the note on the interest payment date. Because we pay all of the interest for an interest period to the holders on the record date, holders buying and selling the notes must work out between themselves the appropriate purchase price. The most common manner is to adjust the sales price of the notes to prorate interest fairly between buyer and seller based on their respective ownership periods within the particular interest period.

Maturity

The notes will mature on June 1, 2031 and will be paid against presentation and surrender thereof at the corporate trust office of the trustee, unless earlier redeemed by us at our option as described herein under “— Optional Redemption of the Notes.” The notes will not be entitled to the benefits of, or be subject to, any sinking fund.

The notes will not be subject to repayment at the option of the holder prior to the stated maturity date.

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Optional Redemption of the Notes

On or after June 1, 2028, we may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at our option, at any time and from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, interest due on an interest payment date falling on or prior to a redemption date will be payable to holders at the close of business on the record date for such interest payment date.

We are required to give notice of such redemption not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption date to each holder at its address appearing in the securities register maintained by the trustee. In the event we elect to redeem less than all of the notes, the particular notes to be redeemed will be selected by the trustee in accordance with policies and procedures of DTC.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

The following description replaces the description set forth under “Description of Debt Securities — Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances” in the accompanying prospectus in its entirety.

We may satisfy and discharge our obligations under the indenture by delivering to the securities registrar for cancellation all outstanding notes or by depositing with the trustee or delivering to the holders, as applicable, after the notes have become due and payable, whether at stated maturity or any redemption date or Change of Control Repurchase Event payment date, cash sufficient to pay all of the outstanding notes and paying all other sums payable under the indenture by us. Such discharge is subject to terms contained in the indenture.

The Registrar and Paying Agent

We will initially designate the trustee as the registrar and paying agent for the notes. Payments of interest and principal will be made, and the notes will be transferable, at the office of the paying agent, or at such other place or places as may be designated pursuant to the indenture. For notes which we issue in book-entry only form evidenced by a global note, payments will be made to a nominee of the depository.

No Personal Liability

None of our past, present or future directors, officers, employees or stockholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the notes or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a note, each holder waives and releases all such liability. This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue of the notes. However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.

Covenants

Other than as described below under “— Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event” and “— Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets” the indenture does not contain any provisions that would limit our ability to incur indebtedness or that would afford holders of notes protection in the event of a sudden and significant decline in our credit quality or a takeover, change of control, recapitalization or highly leveraged or similar transaction involving us. Accordingly, we could in the future enter into transactions that could increase the amount of indebtedness outstanding at that time or otherwise adversely affect our capital structure or credit rating. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Notes and to this Offering.”

Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event

If a Change of Control Repurchase Event (defined below) occurs, unless we have exercised our option to redeem the notes as described above, we will make an offer to each holder of notes to

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repurchase all or any part (in a principal amount of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof or in units (each unit representing $25)) of that holder’s notes at a repurchase price in cash equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of notes repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest on the notes repurchased to, but excluding, the date of repurchase. Within 30 days following any Change of Control Repurchase Event or, at our option, prior to any Change of Control, but after the public announcement of the Change of Control, we will give notice to each holder with copies to the trustee and the paying agent (if other than the trustee) describing the transaction or transactions that constitute or may constitute the Change of Control Repurchase Event and offering to repurchase notes on the payment date specified in the notice, which date will be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date such notice is given. The notice shall, if given prior to the date of consummation of the Change of Control, state that the offer to purchase is conditioned on the Change of Control Repurchase Event occurring on or prior to the payment date specified in the notice. We will comply with the requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act, and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent those laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of the notes as a result of a Change of Control Repurchase Event. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the Change of Control Repurchase Event provisions of the notes, we will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached our obligations under the Change of Control Repurchase Event provisions of the notes by virtue of such conflict.

On the Change of Control Repurchase Event payment date, we will, to the extent lawful:

(1)

accept for payment all notes or portions of notes properly tendered pursuant to our offer;

(2)

deposit with the trustee an amount equal to the aggregate purchase price in respect of all notes or portions of notes properly tendered; and

(3)

deliver or cause to be delivered to the trustee the notes properly accepted, together with an officers’ certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of notes being purchased by us.

We will not be required to make an offer to repurchase the notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event if (i) we or our successor delivered a notice to redeem in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the optional redemption and repayment provision described above prior to the occurrence of the Change of Control Repurchase Event or (ii) a third party makes an offer in respect of the notes in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by us and such third party purchases all notes properly tendered and not withdrawn under its offer.

There can be no assurance that sufficient funds will be available at the time of any Change of Control Repurchase Event to make required repurchases of notes tendered. Our failure to repurchase the notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event would result in a default under the indenture. If the holders of the notes exercise their right to require us to repurchase the notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event, the financial effect of this repurchase could result in defaults under any credit facility or other debt instruments to which we are or could become party, including the acceleration of the payment of any borrowings thereunder. It is possible that we will not have sufficient funds at the time of the Change of Control Repurchase Event to make the required repurchase of our other debt and the notes. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Notes and to this Offering — We may not be able to repurchase the notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event.”

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of the following:

•

a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, other than us, our subsidiaries and our and their employee benefit plans, files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing, or we otherwise become aware, that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our common equity representing more than 50% of the voting power of our common equity; or

•

the consummation of (A) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of our common stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination) as a result of which our common

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stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, cash, securities or other property; (B) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of us pursuant to which our common stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property; or (C) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the property and assets of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one of our subsidiaries; provided, however, that a transaction described in the immediately preceding bullet or this bullet in which the holders of all classes of our common equity immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of all classes of common equity of the continuing or surviving corporation or transferee or the parent thereof immediately after such transaction in substantially the same proportions (relative to each other) as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction shall not be a Change of Control pursuant to this bullet.

“Change of Control Repurchase Event” means the occurrence of a Change of Control.

Events of Default

The following description replaces the description set forth under “Description of Debt Securities — Events of Default” in the accompanying prospectus in its entirety.

Each of the following is an event of default:

(1)

default in any payment of interest on any note when due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days;

(2)

default in the payment of principal of any note when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon redemption or required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;

(3)

failure by us to comply with our obligations under “— Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets”;

(4)

failure by us to comply with our notice obligations under “— Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event”;

(5)

failure by us for 60 days after written notice from the trustee or the holders of at least 25% principal amount of the notes then outstanding has been received by us to comply with any of our other agreements contained in the notes or indenture;

(6)

default by us or any of our subsidiaries with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced any debt for money borrowed (other than non-recourse debt) in excess of $25 million in the aggregate of ours and/or any such subsidiary, whether such debt now exists or shall hereafter be created, which default results (i) in such debt becoming or being declared due and payable, and such debt has not been discharged in full or such declaration rescinded or annulled within 60 days; or (ii) from a failure to pay the principal of any such debt when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise, and such defaulted payment shall not have been made, waived or extended within 60 days;

(7)

a final judgment for the payment of $25 million or more (excluding any amounts covered by insurance) rendered against us or any of our subsidiaries, which judgment is not discharged, stayed, vacated, paid or otherwise satisfied within 60 days after (i) the date on which the right to appeal thereof has expired if no such appeal has commenced; or (ii) the date on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished; or

(8)

certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company or any of our “significant subsidiaries” (as defined below) (the “bankruptcy provisions”).

A “significant subsidiary” is a subsidiary that is a “significant subsidiary” as defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act; provided, that, in the case of a subsidiary that meets the criteria of clause (1)(iii) of the definition thereof but not clause (1)(i) or (1)(ii) thereof, such subsidiary shall not be deemed to be a significant subsidiary unless the subsidiary’s income from continuing operations

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before income taxes, exclusive of amounts attributable to any non-controlling interests, for the last completed fiscal year prior to the date of such determination exceeds $25 million.

If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the trustee by notice to us, or the holders of at least 25% principal amount of the outstanding notes, by notice to us and the trustee, may, and the trustee at the request of such holders shall, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest will be due and payable immediately. However, upon an event of default arising out of the bankruptcy provisions (except with respect to any significant subsidiary), the aggregate principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest will be due and payable immediately.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indenture will provide that, to the extent we elect, the sole remedy for an event of default relating to our failure to comply with our obligations as set forth under “— Information Rights” below (including Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act) will, for the first 365 days after the occurrence of such an event of default, consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the notes at a rate equal to (i) 0.25% per annum of the principal amount of the notes outstanding for each day during the first 185-day period on which such event of default is continuing beginning on, and including, the date on which such an event of default first occurs and (ii) 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of the notes outstanding for each day during the 180-day period on which such event of default is continuing beginning on, and including, the 186th day on which such event of default is continuing.

If we so elect, such additional interest will be payable in the same manner and on the same dates as the stated interest payable on the notes. On the 366th day after such event of default (if the event of default relating to the reporting obligations is not cured or waived prior to such 366th day), the notes will be subject to acceleration as provided above (and, for the avoidance of doubt, such additional interest will cease to accrue). The provisions of the indenture described in this and the preceding paragraph will not affect the rights of holders of notes in the event of the occurrence of any other event of default. In the event we do not elect to pay the additional interest following an event of default in accordance with this and the preceding paragraph or we elected to make such payment but do not pay the additional interest when due, the notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above. In no event shall additional interest payable pursuant to the foregoing election accrue at a rate per year in excess of the applicable rate specified in the immediately preceding paragraph, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to requirements to pay such additional interest. With regard to any event of default relating to our failure to comply with our obligations as set forth under “— Information Rights” below, no additional interest shall accrue after such event of default has been cured.

In order to elect to pay the additional interest as the sole remedy during the first 365 days after the occurrence of an event of default relating to the failure to comply with the reporting obligations in accordance with the immediately preceding two paragraphs, we must notify all holders of notes, the trustee and the paying agent of such election prior to the beginning of such 365-day period. Upon our failure to timely give such notice, the notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above.

The holders of a majority principal amount of the outstanding notes may waive all past defaults (except with respect to non-payment of principal or interest) and rescind any such acceleration with respect to the notes and its consequences if (1) rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction and (2) all existing events of default (other than the non-payment of the principal of and interest on the notes or the failure to deliver amounts due upon conversion that have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration) have been cured or waived.

The trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders unless such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity and/or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal or interest when due, no holder may pursue any remedy with respect to the indenture or the notes unless:

(1)

such holder has previously given the trustee notice that an event of default is continuing;

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(2)

holders of at least 25% principal amount of the outstanding notes have requested the trustee to pursue the remedy;

(3)

such holders have offered the trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense;

(4)

the trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt of the request and the offer of security or indemnity; and

(5)

the holders of a majority principal amount of the outstanding notes have not given the trustee a direction that, in the opinion of the trustee, is inconsistent with such request within such 60 day period.

Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority principal amount of the outstanding notes are given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee. The indenture provides that in the event an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would exercise or use under the same circumstances in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the indenture or that the trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder (provided, however, that the trustee shall not have an affirmative duty to determine whether any such direction is prejudicial to the rights of any other holder) or that would involve the trustee in personal liability. Prior to taking any action under the indenture, the trustee will be entitled to indemnification and/or security satisfactory to it in its sole discretion against all losses and expenses caused by taking or not taking such action.

The indenture provides that if a default occurs and is continuing and is known to the trustee, the trustee must send to each holder notice of the default within 90 days after the trustee becomes aware thereof. However, except in the case of a default in the payment of principal of or interest on any note, the trustee may withhold notice if and so long as a committee of trust officers of the trustee in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the interests of the holders. In addition, we are required to deliver to the trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any default that occurred during the previous year. We are also required to deliver to the trustee, within 30 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any events that would constitute a default, the status of those events and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.

Payments of any redemption price, Change of Control Repurchase Event repurchase price, principal and interest that are not made when due will accrue interest per annum at the then-applicable interest rate from the required payment date.

Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

The following description replaces the description set forth under “Description of Debt Securities — Consolidation, Merger, and Sale of Assets” in the accompanying prospectus in its entirety.

The indenture provides that we will not (x) consolidate with or merge with or into another person or (y) sell, lease or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of the property and assets of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole to, another person (other than, in the case of this clause (y), to one or more wholly owned subsidiaries of ours), unless (i) the resulting, surviving or transferee person, if not us, is a person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such person, if not us, expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the notes and the indenture; and (ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under the indenture. Upon any such consolidation, merger, sale, lease or transfer, the resulting, surviving or transferee person shall succeed to, and may exercise every right and power of, ours under the indenture and, except in the case of a lease, we will be discharged from our obligations under the indenture and the notes.

Although these types of transactions are permitted under the indenture, certain of the foregoing transactions could constitute a Change of Control Repurchase Event permitting each holder to require us

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to repurchase the notes of such holder as described above. Furthermore, there is no precise, established definition of the phrase “substantially all” of our property and assets under applicable law. Accordingly, there may be uncertainty as to whether the provisions described under “— Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event” would apply to a sale, lease or transfer of less than all of our properties and assets.

Modification and Amendment

The following description replaces the description set forth under “Description of Debt Securities — Modification and Waiver” in the accompanying prospectus in its entirety.

Subject to certain exceptions, the indenture or the notes may be amended with the consent of the holders of at least a majority principal amount of the notes then outstanding, including without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, notes, and, subject to certain exceptions, any past default or compliance with any provisions may be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority principal amount of the notes then outstanding, including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer or exchange offer for, notes. However, without the consent of each holder of an outstanding note affected, no amendment may, among other things:

(1)

reduce the amount of notes whose holders must consent to an amendment;

(2)

reduce the rate, or extend the stated time for payment, of interest (other than additional interest described above under “— Events of Default”) on any note;

(3)

reduce the principal, or extend the stated maturity, of any note;

(4)

reduce any redemption price or Change of Control Repurchase Event repurchase price of any note or amend or modify, in any manner adverse to the holders of notes, our right to redeem the notes or our obligation to repurchase the notes in connection with a Change of Control Repurchase Event, whether through an amendment or waiver of provisions in the covenants, definitions or otherwise;

(5)

change the place or currency of payment of principal or interest in respect of any note;

(6)

impair the right of any holder to receive payment of principal of and interest on such holder’s notes on or after the due dates therefore or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such holder’s notes;

(7)

adversely affect the ranking of the notes as our senior unsecured indebtedness; or

(8)

make any change in the amendment provisions which require each holder’s consent or in the waiver provisions if such change adversely affects the rights of holders of the notes.

Without the consent of any holder, we and the trustee may amend the indenture and/or the notes to:

(1)

cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency, including to eliminate any conflict with the terms of the Trust Indenture Act;

(2)

provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations under the indenture;

(3)

add guarantees with respect to the notes;

(4)

secure the notes;

(5)

issue additional notes as described under “— General”;

(6)

add to our covenants for the benefit of the holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon us;

(7)

make any change that does not adversely affect in any material respect the rights of any holder of the notes (other than any holder that consents to such change);

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(8)

comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with any qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

(9)

evidence or provide for the acceptance of the appointment of a successor trustee; or

(10)

conform the provisions of the indenture to the “Description of the Notes” section in this preliminary prospectus supplement, as supplemented by the issuer free writing prospectus related to the offering of the notes.

The consent of the holders is not necessary under the indenture to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment.

After an amendment under the indenture becomes effective, we are required to send to the holders a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all the holders, or any defect in the notice, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.

Information Rights

We, pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, shall: (1) deliver to the trustee, within 15 days after we file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which we may be required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if we are not required to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall deliver to the trustee and file with the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and regulations.

The trustee shall have no duty to review or analyze reports delivered to it. Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the trustee pursuant is for informational purposes only, and the trustee’s receipt thereof shall not constitute actual or constructive notice or knowledge of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including our compliance with any of the covenants under the indenture (as to which the trustee is entitled to certificates). The trustee shall not be obligated to monitor or confirm, on a continuing basis or otherwise, our compliance with the covenants or with respect to any reports or other documents filed with the Commission or EDGAR or any website under the indenture or participate in any conference calls.

Governing Law

The indenture and the notes will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

Listing

We intend to apply to list the notes on the NYSE under the symbol “RWTS.” If approved, we expect trading in the notes to begin within 30 days after the original issue date of the notes.

Book Entry, Delivery and Form

We have obtained the information in this section concerning DTC and its book-entry system and procedures from sources that we believe to be reliable. We take no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this information. In addition, the description of the clearing system in this section reflects our understanding of the rules and procedures of DTC as they are currently in effect. DTC could change its rules and procedures at any time.

The notes will initially be represented by one or more fully registered global notes. Each such global note will be deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC or any successor thereto and registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC’s nominee).

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So long as DTC or its nominee is the registered owner of the global notes representing the notes, DTC or such nominee will be considered the sole owner and holder of the notes for all purposes of the notes and the indenture. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in the notes will not be entitled to have the notes registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the notes in certificated form and will not be considered the owners or holders under the indenture, including for purposes of receiving any reports delivered by us or the trustee pursuant to the indenture. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a note must rely on the procedures of DTC or its nominee and, if such person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such person owns its interest, in order to exercise any rights of a holder.

Unless and until we issue the notes in fully certificated, registered form under the limited circumstances described under the heading “— Certificated Notes”:

•

you will not be entitled to receive a certificate representing your interest in the notes;

•

all references in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus to actions by holders

•

will refer to actions taken by DTC upon instructions from its direct participants; and

•

all references in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus to payments and notices to holders will refer to payments and notices to DTC or Cede & Co., as the holder of the notes, for distribution to you in accordance with DTC procedures.

The Depositary Trust Company

DTC will act as securities depositary for the notes. The notes will be issued as fully registered notes registered in the name of Cede & Co. DTC is:

•

a limited purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;

•

a “banking organization” under the New York Banking Law;

•

a member of the Federal Reserve System;

•

a “clearing corporation” under the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and

•

a “clearing agency” registered under the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act.

DTC holds securities that its direct participants deposit with DTC. DTC facilitates the settlement among direct participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in direct participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates.

Direct participants of DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. DTC is owned by a number of its direct participants. Indirect participants of DTC, such as securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies, can also access the DTC system if they maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant.

Purchases of notes under DTC’s system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the notes on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each beneficial owner is in turn to be recorded on the records of direct participants and indirect participants. Beneficial owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase, but beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct participants or indirect participants through which such beneficial owners entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the notes are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the notes, except as provided under “— Certificated Notes.”

To facilitate subsequent transfers, all notes deposited with DTC are registered in the name of DTC’s nominee, Cede & Co. The deposit of notes with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. effect no change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the notes. DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts such notes are

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credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct participants to indirect participants and by direct participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.

Book-Entry Only Form

Under the book-entry only form, the paying agent will make all required payments to Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC. DTC will forward the payment to the direct participants, who will then forward the payment to the indirect participants or to you as the beneficial owner. You may experience some delay in receiving your payments under this system. Neither we, the trustee, nor any paying agent has any direct responsibility or liability for making any payment to owners of beneficial interests in the notes.

DTC is required to make book-entry transfers on behalf of its direct participants and is required to receive and transmit payments of principal and interest on the notes. Any direct participant or indirect participant with which you have an account is similarly required to make book-entry transfers and to receive and transmit payments with respect to the notes on your behalf. We and the trustee under the indenture have no responsibility for any aspect of the actions of DTC or any of its direct or indirect participants. In addition, we and the trustee under the indenture have no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records kept by DTC or any of its direct or indirect participants relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the notes or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. We also do not supervise these systems in any way.

The trustee will not recognize you as a holder under the indenture, and you can only exercise the rights of a holder indirectly through DTC and its direct participants. DTC has advised us that it will only take action regarding a note if one or more of the direct participants to whom the note is credited directs DTC to take such action and only in respect of the portion of the aggregate principal amount of the notes as to which that participant or participants has or have given that direction. DTC can only act on behalf of its direct participants. Your ability to pledge notes to non-direct participants, and to take other actions, may be limited because you will not possess a physical certificate that represents your notes.

Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (nor such other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the notes unless authorized by a direct participant in accordance with DTC’s procedures. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns Cede & Co.’s consenting or voting rights to those direct participants to whose accounts the notes are credited on the record date (identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy).

If less than all of the notes are being redeemed, DTC’s current practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each participant in such notes to be redeemed.

A beneficial owner of notes shall give notice to elect to have its notes repurchased or tendered, through its participant, to the trustee and shall effect delivery of such notes by causing the direct participant to transfer the participant’s interest in such notes, on DTC’s records, to the trustee. The requirement for physical delivery of notes in connection with a repurchase or tender will be deemed satisfied when the ownership rights in such notes are transferred by direct participants on DTC’s records and followed by a book-entry credit of such notes to the trustee’s DTC account.

Certificated Notes

Unless and until they are exchanged, in whole or in part, for notes in certificated registered form (“certificated notes”) in accordance with the terms of the notes, global notes representing the notes may not be transferred except (1) as a whole by DTC to a nominee of DTC or (2) by a nominee of DTC to DTC or another nominee of DTC or (3) by DTC or any such nominee to a successor of DTC or a nominee of such successor.

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We will issue certificated notes in exchange for global notes representing the notes, only if:

•

DTC notifies us in writing that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for the global notes or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and we are unable to locate a qualified successor within 90 days of receiving such notice or becoming aware that DTC has ceased to be so registered, as the case may be;

•

an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing under the indenture and a request for such exchange has been made; or

•

we, at our option, elect to exchange all or part of a global note for certificated notes.

If any of the three above events occurs, DTC is required to notify all direct participants that certificated notes are available through DTC. DTC will then surrender the global notes representing the notes along with instructions for re-registration. The trustee will re-issue the notes in fully certificated registered form and will recognize the holders of the certificated notes as holders under the indenture.

Unless and until we issue certificated notes, (1) you will not be entitled to receive a certificate representing your interest in the notes, (2) all references in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus to actions by holders will refer to actions taken by the depositary upon instructions from their direct participants, and (3) all references in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus to payments and notices to holders will refer to payments and notices to the depositary, as the holder of the notes, for distribution to you in accordance with its policies and procedures.

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UNDERWRITING

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC, UBS Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering and as representatives of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement, dated the date of this prospectus supplement, each underwriter named below has severally and not jointly agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to that underwriter, the principal amount of the notes set forth opposite that underwriter’s name.

Underwriter	Principal amount of notes
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC		$
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
UBS Securities LLC
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
Piper Sandler & Co.
Total		$

The underwriting agreement will provide that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the notes included in this offering are subject to approval of legal matters by counsel and to other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the notes in the offering if any are purchased, other than those notes covered by the over-allotment option described below. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering of notes may be terminated.

Option to Purchase Additional Notes

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement, to purchase up to an additional $ aggregate principal amount of notes at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise the option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, in connection with this offering. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter must purchase an aggregate principal amount of the notes approximately proportionate to that underwriter’s initial purchase commitment.

Underwriting Discounts and Expenses

The underwriters propose to offer the notes initially at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to selling group members at that price less a selling concession of $ per $25.00 principal amount of the notes. After the initial offering of the notes, the underwriters may change the public offering price and concession or any other selling term of this offering may change. The offering of the notes by the underwriters is subject to receipt and acceptance and subject to the underwriters’ right to reject any order in whole or in part.

The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions that we are to pay to the underwriters in connection with this offering. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

Per Note

Without Over-
Allotment

With Over-
Allotment

Public offering price

Underwriting discounts and commissions paid by us

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

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We have also agreed to reimburse the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the underwriters up to $150,000 in connection with the offering. We estimate that our total expenses incurred in connection with this offering, excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $650,000.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters and certain of their controlling persons against certain liabilities, including, among other things, liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

No Sales of Similar Securities

We have agreed for a period of 30 days following the date of this offering that, without the prior written consent of the representatives, which may not be unreasonably withheld, on behalf of the underwriters, we will not offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any debt securities issued or guaranteed by us or any of our subsidiaries or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for debt securities issued or guaranteed by us or any of our subsidiaries or file or cause to be declared effective a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any of the foregoing.

Stock Exchange Listing

We intend to apply for listing of the notes on the NYSE. If the application is approved, trading of the notes on NYSE is expected to begin within 30 days after the date of initial delivery of the notes. The underwriters will have no obligation to make a market in the notes, however, and may cease market-making activities, if commenced, at any time. Accordingly, an active trading market on the NYSE for the notes may not develop or, even if one develops, may not last, in which case the liquidity and market price of the notes could be adversely affected, the difference between bid and asked prices could be substantial and your ability to transfer the notes at the time and price desired will be limited.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions, and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

•

Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

•

Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of notes in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the notes the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the aggregate principal amount of the notes over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the aggregate principal amount of the notes that it may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the aggregate principal amount of the notes involved is greater than the aggregate principal amount of the notes in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any short position by either exercising its over-allotment option and/or purchasing notes in the open market.

•

Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the notes in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of notes to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of notes available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase notes through the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more notes than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, that position can only be closed out by buying notes in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the notes in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

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•

Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the notes originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of the notes and our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the notes and our common stock. As a result the price of the notes may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on the NYSE or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our notes. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once committed, will not be discontinued without notice.

Conflicts of Interest and Other Relationships

Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, a variety of these services to us and to persons and entities with relationships with us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses, including potentially advising us in connection with the recently proposed acquisition of an operating platform that originates residential investor loans, together with an associated portfolio of loans and subordinate mortgage-backed securities.

In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their affiliates, officers, directors and employees may purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps and other financial instruments for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and trading activities may involve or relate to our assets, securities and/or instruments (directly, as collateral securing other obligations or otherwise) and/or persons and entities with relationships with us. The underwriters and their affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such assets, securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they should acquire, long and/or short positions in such assets, securities and instruments.

Electronic Delivery

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by the underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in the offering, and the underwriters may distribute prospectuses electronically. The underwriters may agree to allocate securities to selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriters and selling group members that will make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

Extended Settlement

We expect that delivery of the notes will be made to investors on or about the closing date specified on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, which will be the business day following the date of this prospectus supplement (such settlement being referred to as “T+ ”). Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the notes prior to their delivery will be required, by virtue of the fact that the notes will initially settle in T+ , to specify an alternative settlement arrangement at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed

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settlement. Purchasers of the notes who wish to trade the notes prior to their date of delivery hereunder should consult their advisors.

Sales Outside of the United States

Hong Kong

This document has not been delivered for registration to the Registrar of Companies in Hong Kong and its contents have not been reviewed or authorized by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong (SFC) or any other regulatory authority in Hong Kong. Accordingly, please note that (1) the notes may not be offered to sell or sold in Hong Kong by means of this document or any other document other than to “professional investors” within the meaning of Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Securities and Futures Ordinance of Hong Kong (Cap. 571) (SFO) and any rules made thereunder including the Securities and Futures (Professional Investor) Rules (Cap. 571D), or in other circumstances which do not result in this document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance of Hong Kong (Cap. 32) (C(WUMP)O) or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the C(WUMP)O and as permitted under the SFO, and (2) no person shall issue, or possess for the purposes of issue, circulate, or distribute, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, any advertisement, invitation or other document relating to the notes which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than (i) with respect to the notes which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the SFO and any other rules made thereunder including the Securities and Futures (Professional Investor) Rules or (ii) in circumstances that do not constitute an invitation to the public for the purposes of the SFO. WARNING: The contents of this document have not been authorized or reviewed by the SFC or any other regulatory authority in Hong Kong. You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the offer. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this document, you should obtain independent professional advice.

Singapore

This prospectus supplement has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, the notes have not been offered or sold or have been made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and the notes will not be offered or sold or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and this prospectus supplement or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the notes, has not been circulated or distributed, nor will it be circulated or distributed, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA, or (ii) to an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA) pursuant to and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA.

United Kingdom

THIS COMMUNICATION IS EXEMPT FROM THE FINANCIAL PROMOTION RESTRICTION PURSUANT TO SECTION 21 OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (AS AMENDED) (“FSMA”) ON THE BASIS THAT THE COMMUNICATION IS MADE TO PERSONS FALLING WITHIN EXEMPTIONS AVAILABLE UNDER THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT (FINANCIAL PROMOTION) ORDER 2005 (AS AMENDED (THE “FPO”)).

AS SUCH, THE NOTES SHALL NOT BE MARKETED, OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE UNITED KINGDOM EXCEPT TO EXEMPT PERSONS UNDER THE FPO INCLUDING: (1) PERSONS WHO ARE INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS, AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE 19(5) OF THE FPO; (2) PERSONS WHO ARE HIGH NET WORTH COMPANIES, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS ETC., AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE 49(2)(A) TO (D) OF THE FPO; OR (3) PERSONS TO WHOM THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT MAY OTHERWISE LAWFULLY BE COMMUNICATED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

IF AN INVESTOR IS IN DOUBT ABOUT THE INVESTMENT TO WHICH THIS PROMOTION RELATES, THEY SHOULD CONSULT AN AUTHORISED PERSON SPECIALISING IN ADVISING ON INVESTMENTS OF THE KIND IN QUESTION.

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NO PROSPECTUS IS REQUIRED UNDER THE UK PUBLIC OFFERS AND ADMISSIONS TO TRADING REGULATIONS 2024 (THE “UK POATRS”) OR THE PROSPECTUS RULES: ADMISSION TO TRADING ON A REGULATED MARKET SOURCEBOOK IN THE FCA HANDBOOK AND ANY OFFER WHICH MAY BE MADE OF THE NOTE HOLDERS WILL BE: (I) AT ANY TIME TO ANY LEGAL ENTITY WHICH IS A QUALIFIED INVESTOR (WITHIN THE MEANING OF PARAGRAPH 15 OF SCHEDULE 1 TO THE UK POATRS); (II) LIMITED TO FEWER THAN 150 NATURAL OR LEGAL PERSONS IN THE U.K., OTHER THAN QUALIFIED INVESTORS; (III) MADE ON THE BASIS THAT THE MINIMUM CONSIDERATION PAYABLE BY ANY NOTE HOLDER WILL NOT BE LESS THAN EUR 100,000; OR (IV) UPON AN ALTERNATIVE LAWFUL EXCEPTION FALLING WITHIN PART 1 OF SCHEDULE 1 TO THE UK POATRS.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters relating to this offering will be passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins LLP. Clifford Chance US LLP is acting as counsel to the underwriters in connection with certain legal matters relating to the notes being offered hereby. Venable LLP will issue an opinion to us regarding certain matters of Maryland law, including the validity of the securities offered hereby.

EXPERTS

The audited consolidated financial statements of Redwood Trust, Inc. and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and elsewhere in the registration statement have been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon the reports of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

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WHERE YOU CAN OBTAIN MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of the automatic shelf-registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC under the Securities Act on March 3, 2025, as amended on August 21, 2025, and do not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document. We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. Our public filings are also available to the public on our website at www.redwoodtrust.com. The information contained on our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any other report or filing filed with the SEC.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

We incorporate information into this prospectus supplement by reference, which means that we disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus supplement, except to the extent superseded by information contained herein or by information contained in documents filed with or furnished to the SEC after the date of this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have been previously filed with the SEC:

•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2026;

•

our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, which was filed with the SEC on May 7, 2026;

•

our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on January 29, 2026 and April 29, 2026 (excluding the portions that were “furnished” in accordance with SEC rules);

•

our Definitive Proxy Statement with respect to the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on March 31, 2026 (solely to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025);

•

the description of our common stock contained in Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021, including any amendment or report filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating such description; and

•

all documents filed by Redwood Trust, Inc. with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering (but excluding any items, documents, or portions of items or documents which are deemed “furnished” and not filed with the SEC).

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, including exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests should be directed to Redwood Trust, Inc., Attention: Investor Relations, at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941, telephone: (866) 269-4976.

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PROSPECTUS

Redwood Trust, Inc.

Debt Securities
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Warrants
Stockholder Rights
Units

We may from time to time offer, in one or more classes or series, separately or together, and in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this prospectus, the following securities:

•

debt securities, which may consist of debentures, notes, or other types of debt;

•

shares of our common stock;

•

shares of our preferred stock;

•

warrants to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock;

•

rights issuable to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase units consisting of two or more of the foregoing; and

•

units consisting of two or more of the foregoing.

We refer to the debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants, rights and units registered hereunder collectively as the “securities” in this prospectus. The specific terms of each series or class of the securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement and will include, among other things, where applicable:

•

in the case of debt securities, the specific title, aggregate principal amount, currency, form (which may be certificated or global), authorized denominations, maturity, rate (or manner of calculating the rate) and time of payment of interest, terms for redemption at our option or repayment at the holder’s option, terms for sinking payments, terms for conversion into shares of our common stock or preferred stock, covenants, and any initial public offering price;

•

in the case of preferred stock, the specific designation, preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to transferability, dividends and other distributions, and terms and conditions of redemption and any initial public offering price;

•

in the case of warrants or rights, the duration, offering price, exercise price, and detachability; and

•

in the case of units, the constituent securities comprising the units, the offering price, and detachability.

In addition, the specific terms may include limitations on actual or constructive ownership and restrictions on transfer of the securities, in each case as may be appropriate, to preserve the status of our company as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain information, where applicable, about certain U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the securities covered by such prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in any of our securities.

The securities may be offered directly by us, through agents designated from time to time by us or to or through underwriters or dealers. If any agents, dealers, or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission, or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “Plan of Distribution” and “About This Prospectus” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such series of securities.

Our common stock currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol “RWT”. On February 28, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $6.68 per share.

Investing in our securities involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 2 of this prospectus and any similar section contained in the applicable prospectus supplement concerning factors you should consider before investing in our securities.

This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is March 3, 2025.

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	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
RISK FACTORS		2
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT		3
REDWOOD TRUST, INC.		5
USE OF PROCEEDS		6
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES		7
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES		8
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK		16
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK		17
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS		18
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON OR PREFERRED STOCK		19
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS		20
GLOBAL SECURITIES		21
RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES		24
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS		26
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS		29
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		58
VALIDITY OF THE SECURITIES		59
EXPERTS		59
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE		59
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION		60

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different or additional information. We are offering to sell the securities and seeking offers to buy the securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted.

We have not authorized any dealer or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying supplement to this prospectus. This prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any accompanying supplement to this prospectus is delivered or securities are sold on a later date.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as a “well-known seasoned issuer” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus sets forth certain terms of the securities that we may offer.

Each time we offer securities, we will attach a prospectus supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will contain the specific description of the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement will supersede this prospectus to the extent it contains information that is different from, or that conflicts with, the information contained in this prospectus.

It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including the information incorporated by reference herein and therein, in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information contained in the documents identified under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.

Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our” or “Redwood” mean Redwood Trust, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the terms mean Redwood Trust, Inc. only. In statements regarding qualification as a REIT, such terms refer solely to Redwood Trust, Inc.

Our principal executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941; our telephone number is (415) 389-7373.

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RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider any specific risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and under the caption “Risk Factors” in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, incorporated into this prospectus by reference, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. You should consider carefully those risk factors together with all of the other information included and incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you decide to purchase our securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan” and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, opportunities, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected are summarized below and described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including under the heading “Risk Factors” in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include: general economic trends and the performance of the housing, real estate, mortgage finance, and broader financial markets; changing benchmark interest rates, and the Federal Reserve’s actions and statements regarding monetary policy; federal, state, and local legislative and regulatory developments and the actions of governmental authorities and entities; the impact of public health issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to compete successfully; our ability to adapt our business model and strategies to changing circumstances; our use of financial leverage and strategic business and capital deployment decisions we make; our exposure to a breach of our cybersecurity or data security; our exposure to credit risk and the timing of credit losses within our portfolio; the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed to, including due to the structure of assets we hold and the geographical concentration of real estate underlying assets we own, and our exposure to environmental and climate-related risks; the efficacy and expense efforts to manage or hedge credit or interest rate risk, and other financial and operational risks; changes in credit ratings on assets we own and changes in the rating agencies’ credit rating methodologies; changes in interest rates or mortgage prepayment rates; investment and reinvestment risk; asset performance, interest rate volatility, changes in credit spreads, and changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities and loans; our ability to finance the acquisition of real estate-related assets with short-term debt; the ability of counterparties to satisfy their obligations to us; entering into new lines of business, acquiring other companies, or engaging in other new strategic initiatives; changes in the demand from investors for residential consumer and residential investor mortgages and investments, and our ability to distribute residential consumer and residential investor mortgages through our whole-loan distribution channels; our involvement in loan and HEI origination and securitization transactions, the profitability of those transactions, and the risks we are exposed to in engaging in loan origination or securitization transactions; foreclosure activity, which may expose us to risks associated with real estate ownership and operation; exposure to claims and litigation, including litigation arising from loan or HEI origination and securitization transactions; acquisitions or new business initiatives, which may fail to improve our business and could expose us to new or increased risks; whether we have sufficient liquid assets to meet short-term needs; changes in our investment, financing, and hedging strategies and new risks we may be exposed to if we expand or reorganize; our ability to successfully retain or attract key personnel; our dependency on third-party information systems and third-party service providers; our exposure to a disruption of our or a third party’s technology infrastructure and systems; the impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others; our failure to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; the effectiveness of our risk management efforts; harm caused by misconduct or fraud; inadvertent errors, system failures or cybersecurity incidents, which could disrupt our business; the impact on our reputation that could result from our actions or omissions or from those of others; complex accounting rules related to certain of our transactions and asset valuations; the uncertainty of future realization of our deferred tax assets, and the amount of valuation allowance we may apply against our deferred tax assets may change materially in future periods; the impact of changes to U.S. federal income tax laws on the U.S. housing market, mortgage finance markets, and our business; our failure to comply with applicable laws

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and regulations, including our ability to obtain or maintain governmental licenses; our ability to maintain our status as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940; our stock may experience price declines, volatility, and poor liquidity, and we may reduce our dividends; decisions about raising, managing, and distributing capital; dividend distributions and the timing and character of such dividends; limited number of institutional shareholders owning a significant percentage of our common stock; and other factors not yet identified, including broad market fluctuations.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is a specialty finance company focused on several distinct areas of housing credit with a mission to help make quality housing, whether rented or owned, accessible to all American households. Our operating platforms occupy a unique position in the housing finance value chain, providing liquidity to growing segments of the U.S. housing market not well served by government programs. We deliver customized housing credit investments to a diverse mix of investors, through our best-in-class securitization platforms, whole- loan distribution activities and our publicly-traded securities. Our aggregation, origination and investment activities have evolved to incorporate a diverse mix of residential consumer and residential investor housing credit assets. Our goal is to provide attractive returns to stockholders through a stable and growing stream of earnings and dividends, capital appreciation, and a commitment to technological innovation that facilitates risk-minded scale. We operate our business in three segments: Residential Consumer Mortgage Banking, Residential Investor Mortgage Banking, and Investment Portfolio.

Our primary sources of income are net interest income from our investments and non-interest income from our mortgage banking activities. Net interest income primarily consists of the interest income we earn on investments less the interest expense we incur on borrowed funds and other liabilities. Income from mortgage banking activities is generated through the origination and acquisition of loans, and their subsequent sale, securitization, or transfer to our investment portfolios.

Redwood Trust, Inc. has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We generally refer, collectively, to Redwood Trust, Inc. and those of its subsidiaries that are generally not subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “the REIT” or “our REIT.” We generally refer to subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. that are subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “our taxable REIT subsidiaries” or “TRSs.” Our mortgage banking activities and investments in mortgage servicing rights, or “MSRs,” are generally carried out through our taxable REIT subsidiaries, while our portfolio of mortgage- and other real estate-related investments is primarily held at our REIT. We generally intend to retain profits generated and taxed at our taxable REIT subsidiaries, and to distribute as dividends at least 90% of the taxable income we generate at our REIT.

We were incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994 and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. We operate so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our principal executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941. Our telephone number is (415) 389-7373. Our website is www.redwoodtrust.com. Information contained in or that can be accessed through our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement for any offering of securities, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities to fund our business and investment activity, which may include funding our residential and business purpose lending mortgage banking businesses, acquiring mortgage-backed securities for our investment portfolio, funding other long-term portfolio investments, funding strategic acquisitions and investments, as well as for general corporate purposes.

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following is a brief description of the material terms of our securities that may be offered under this prospectus. This description does not purport to be complete and is subject in all respects to applicable Maryland law and to the provisions of our charter and bylaws, including any amendments or supplements thereto, copies of which are on file with the SEC as described under “Where You Can Find More Information” and are incorporated by reference herein.

We, directly or through agents, dealers, or underwriters designated from time to time, may offer, issue, and sell, together or separately:

•

debt securities, which may consist of debentures, notes, or other types of debt;

•

shares of our common stock;

•

shares of our preferred stock;

•

warrants to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock;

•

units consisting of two or more of the foregoing.

We may issue the debt securities as exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock, or other securities. The preferred stock may also be exchangeable for and/or convertible into shares of common stock, another series of preferred stock, or other securities. The debt securities, the preferred stock, the common stock, the warrants, the rights, and the units are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the securities. When a particular series of securities is offered, a supplement to this prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus, which will set forth the terms of the offering and sale of the offered securities.

Our charter provides that we have authority to issue up to 395,000,000 shares of stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which currently 392,010,000 shares are classified as common stock and 2,990,000 shares are classified as 10.00% Series A Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, or the “Series A Preferred Stock”. Our common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, 9.125% Senior Notes due 2029, 9.0% Senior Notes due 2029 and 9.125% Senior Notes due 2030 are listed on the NYSE, and we intend to so list any additional shares of our common stock which are issued and sold hereunder. We may elect to list any future class or series of our securities issued hereunder on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. Under Maryland law, our stockholders generally are not liable for our debts or obligations.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, summarizes certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. We will also indicate in the supplement to what extent the general terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to a particular series of debt securities.

We may issue debt securities either separately, or together with, or upon the conversion or exercise of or in exchange for, other securities described in this prospectus. Debt securities may be our senior, senior subordinated or subordinated obligations and, unless otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and may be issued in one or more series.

The debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. We have summarized select portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. Capitalized terms used in the summary and not defined herein have the meanings specified in the indenture.

As used in this section only, “Redwood,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to Redwood Trust, Inc., excluding our subsidiaries, unless expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.

General

The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a resolution of our board of directors, in an officer’s certificate or by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series (including any pricing supplement or term sheet).

We can issue an unlimited amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement or term sheet) relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt securities, if applicable:

•

the title and ranking of the debt securities (including the terms of any subordination provisions);

•

the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;

•

any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;

•

the date or dates on which the principal of the securities of the series is payable;

•

the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;

•

the place or places where principal of, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be payable (and the method of such payment);

•

the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities;

•

any obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities and the period or periods within

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which, the price or prices at which and in the terms and conditions upon which securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

•

the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;

•

the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

•

whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;

•

the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;

•

the currency of denomination of the debt securities, which may be United States Dollars or any foreign currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;

•

the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;

•

if payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;

•

the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;

•

any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;

•

any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;

•

any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;

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any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities;

•

the provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of such series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price and period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange;

•

any other terms of the debt securities, which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series, including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the securities; and

•

whether any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries will guarantee the debt securities of that series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.

We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S. federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.

If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide

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you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Transfer and Exchange

Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, or the Depositary, or a nominee of the Depositary (we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a “book-entry debt security”), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt security represented by a certificated security as a “certificated debt security”) as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the heading “Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System” below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.

Certificated Debt Securities. You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any office we maintain for this purpose in accordance with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange.

You may effect the transfer of certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on certificated debt securities only by surrendering the certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate to the new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new certificate to the new holder.

Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System. Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the Depositary, and registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. Please see “Global Securities.”

Covenants

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities.

No Protection in the Event of a Change of Control

Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities.

Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

We may not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to any person (a “successor person”) unless:

•

we are the surviving entity or the successor person (if other than Redwood) is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture; and

•

immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

Notwithstanding the above, any of our subsidiaries may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to us.

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Events of Default

“Event of Default” means with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:

•

default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of the payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration of the 30-day period);

•

default in the payment of principal of any security of that series at its maturity;

•

default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, within 30 days when and as due in respect of any security of that series;

•

default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for a period of 90 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or Redwood and the trustee receive written notice from the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;

•

certain voluntary or involuntary events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Redwood;

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any other Event of Default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

No Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an Event of Default with respect to any other series of debt securities. The occurrence of certain Events of Default or an acceleration under the indenture may constitute an event of default under certain indebtedness of ours or our subsidiaries outstanding from time to time.

We will provide the trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.

If an Event of Default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal of (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all debt securities of that series. In the case of an Event of Default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul the acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture. We refer you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of such discount securities upon the occurrence of an Event of Default.

The indenture provides that the trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any cost, liability or expense which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any

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proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.

No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:

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that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to debt securities of that series; and

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the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered indemnity or security satisfactory to the trustee, to the trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not received from the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60 days.

Notwithstanding any other provision in the indenture, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment.

The indenture requires us, within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to compliance with the indenture. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the securities of any series and if it is known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee shall send to each Securityholder of the securities of that series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after the trustee becomes aware or, if later, after a responsible officer of the trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any Default or Event of Default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if the trustee determines in good faith that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities.

Modification and Waiver

We and the trustee may modify, amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities of any series without the consent of any holder of any debt security:

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to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;

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to comply with covenants in the indenture described above under the heading “Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets”;

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to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to or in place of certificated securities;

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to add guarantees with respect to debt securities of any series or secure debt securities of any series;

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to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture;

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to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of debt securities of any series;

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to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;

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to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of debt securities;

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to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of debt securities of any series as permitted by the indenture;

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to effect the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of any series and to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to provide for or facilitate administration by more than one trustee; or

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to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

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We may also modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the modifications or amendments. We may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holders of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will:

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reduce the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

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reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any debt security;

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reduce the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;

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reduce the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;

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waive a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

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make the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;

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make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest on those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and to waivers or amendments; or

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waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security.

Except for certain specified provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of such series waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or any interest on any debt security of that series; provided, however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from the acceleration.

Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances

Legal Defeasance. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (subject to certain exceptions). We will be so discharged upon the irrevocable deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. Dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money or U.S. government obligations in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities.

This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss

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for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.

Defeasance of Certain Covenants. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:

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we may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading “Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets” and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement; and

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any omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default with respect to the debt securities of that series (“covenant defeasance”).

The conditions include:

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depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. Dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and

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delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred.

No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees or Securityholders

None of our past, present or future directors, officers, employees or securityholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the debt securities or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a debt security, each holder waives and releases all such liability. This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue of the debt securities. However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities, including any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the indenture or the securities, will be governed by, and construed under, the laws of the State of New York.

The indenture will provide that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to the indenture, the debt securities or the transactions contemplated thereby.

The indenture will provide that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon the indenture or the transactions contemplated thereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York, and we, the trustee and the holder of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. The indenture will further provide that service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth in the indenture will be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The indenture will further provide that we, the trustee and the

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holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the courts specified above and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

All shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will be duly authorized, fully paid, and nonassessable. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends if, as, and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of assets legally available for the payment of dividends. They are also entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, after payment of or adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities. These rights are subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of our stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on transfer of our stock.

Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.

Holders of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or, if listed on the NYSE, appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, all shares of common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation, and other rights.

Transfer Agent, Registrar, and Dividend Disbursing Agent

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is currently Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and its affiliate, Computershare Inc., acts as dividend disbursing agent.

Power to Reclassify Shares of Our Stock; Issuance of Additional Shares

Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and reclassify from time to time any unissued shares of our stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock, and to cause the issuance of such shares. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, the board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to our charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series. We believe that the power to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common or preferred stock and thereafter to issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although we have no present intention of doing so, we could issue a class or series of stock that could delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a change in control of Redwood Trust that might involve a premium price for holders of common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. We have no shares of preferred stock presently outstanding.

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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK

Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify from time to time any unissued shares of stock in one or more classes or series of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued preferred stock of any class or series in one or more classes or series. If we offer preferred stock pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such preferred stock, including the following, where applicable:

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the designation of the shares and the number of shares that constitute the class or series;

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the dividend rate (or the method of calculating dividends), if any, on the shares of the class or series and the priority as to payment of dividends with respect to other classes or series of our shares of stock;

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whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock will accumulate;

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the dividend periods (or the method of calculating the dividend periods);

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the voting rights of the preferred stock, if any;

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the liquidation preference and the priority as to payment of the liquidation preference with respect to other classes or series of our stock and any other rights of the shares of the class or series upon our liquidation or winding-up;

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the provision for a sinking fund, if any, for such preferred stock;

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whether or not and on what terms the shares of the class or series will be subject to redemption or repurchase at our option;

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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such preferred stock will be converted into the common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);

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whether the shares of the class or series of preferred stock will be listed on a securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer quotation system;

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any limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer applicable to the preferred stock, in addition to those already set forth in our charter, that may be necessary to preserve our status as a REIT; and

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the other rights and privileges and any qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of the rights or privileges of the class or series.

Transfer Agent, Registrar, and Dividend Disbursing Agent

The transfer agent and registrar for our preferred stock is currently Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and its affiliate, Computershare Inc., acts as dividend disbursing agent. If different, we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement the transfer agent, registrar, and dividend disbursing agent for any series of preferred stock offered by that prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WARRANTS

We may issue securities warrants for the purchase of common stock or preferred stock, respectively referred to as common stock warrants and preferred stock warrants. Securities warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities offered by this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from such other securities. Each issuance of the securities warrants will be issued under a separate securities warrant agreement to be entered into by us and a bank or trust company, as securities warrant agent, all as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of offered securities warrants. Each issue of securities warrants will be evidenced by securities warrant certificates. The securities warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection with the securities warrant certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holder of securities warrant certificates or beneficial owners of securities warrants.

If we offer securities warrants pursuant to this prospectus in the future, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such securities warrants, including the following, where applicable:

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the offering price;

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the aggregate number of shares purchasable upon exercise of such securities warrants, and in the case of securities warrants for preferred stock, the designation, aggregate number, and terms of the class or series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such securities warrants;

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the designation and terms of the securities with which such securities warrants are being offered, if any, and the number of such securities warrants being offered with each such security;

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the date on and after which such securities warrants and any related securities will be transferable separately;

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the number of shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of each of such securities warrants and the price at which such number of shares of preferred stock or common stock may be purchased upon such exercise;

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the date on which the right to exercise such securities warrants shall commence and the expiration date on which such right shall expire;

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U.S. federal income tax considerations; and

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any other material terms of such securities warrants.

Holders of future securities warrants, if any, will not be entitled by virtue of being such holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders of Redwood Trust.

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DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON OR PREFERRED STOCK

We may issue, as a dividend at no cost, to holders of record of our securities or any class or series thereof on the applicable record date, rights to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock, to purchase warrants exercisable for shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or to purchase units consisting of two or more of the foregoing. In this prospectus, we refer to such rights as “stockholder rights.” If stockholders rights are so issued to existing holders of securities, each stockholder right will entitle the registered holder thereof to purchase the securities issuable upon exercise of the rights pursuant to the terms set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

If stockholder rights are issued, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of such stockholder rights including the following where applicable:

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record date;

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subscription price;

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subscription agent;

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aggregate number of shares of preferred stock, shares of common stock, warrants, or units purchasable upon exercise of such stockholder rights and in the case of stockholder rights for preferred stock or warrants exercisable for preferred stock, the designation, aggregate number, and terms of the class or series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of such stockholder rights or warrants;

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the date on which the right to exercise such stockholder rights shall commence and the expiration date on which such right shall expire;

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U.S. federal income tax considerations; and

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other material terms of such stockholder rights.

In addition to the terms of the stockholder rights and the securities issuable upon exercise thereof, the prospectus supplement may describe, for a holder of such stockholder rights who validly exercises all stockholder rights issued to such holder, how to subscribe for unsubscribed securities, issuable pursuant to unexercised stockholder rights issued to other holders, to the extent such stockholder rights have not been exercised.

Holders of stockholder rights will not be entitled by virtue of being such holders to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter, or to exercise any rights whatsoever as stockholders of Redwood Trust, except to the extent described in the related prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units consisting of two or more other constituent securities. These units may be issuable as, and for a specified period of time may be transferable only as, a single security, rather than as the separate constituent securities comprising such units. The statements made in this section relating to the units are summaries only. These summaries are not complete. When we issue units, we will provide the specific terms of the units in a prospectus supplement. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.

When we issue units, we will provide in a prospectus supplement the following terms of the units being issued:

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the title of any series of units;

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identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;

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the price or prices at which the units will be issued;

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the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;

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information with respect to any book-entry procedures;

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a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to an investment in the units; and

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any other terms of the units and their constituent securities.

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GLOBAL SECURITIES

Book-Entry, Delivery and Form

Unless we indicate differently in a prospectus supplement, the securities (other than warrant securities) initially will be issued in book-entry form and represented by one or more global notes or global securities, or, collectively, global securities. The global securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, as depositary, or DTC, and registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. Unless and until it is exchanged for individual certificates evidencing securities under the limited circumstances described below, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to its nominee or by the nominee to the depositary, or by the depositary or its nominee to a successor depositary or to a nominee of the successor depositary.

DTC has advised us that it is:

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a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;

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a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law;

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a member of the Federal Reserve System;

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a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and

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a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act.

DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among its participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. “Direct participants” in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, including underwriters, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or DTCC. DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, which we sometimes refer to as indirect participants, that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.

Purchases of securities under the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of the actual purchaser of a security, which we sometimes refer to as a beneficial owner, is in turn recorded on the direct and indirect participants’ records. Beneficial owners of securities will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases. However, beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of their transactions, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct or indirect participants through which they purchased securities. Transfers of ownership interests in global securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the global securities, except under the limited circumstances described below.

To facilitate subsequent transfers, all global securities deposited by direct participants with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other nominee will not change the beneficial ownership of the securities. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities. DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts the securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants are responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

So long as the securities are in book-entry form, you will receive payments and may transfer securities only through the facilities of the depositary and its direct and indirect participants. We will maintain an office or agency in the location specified in the prospectus supplement for the applicable securities,

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where notices and demands in respect of the securities and the indenture may be delivered to us and where certificated securities may be surrendered for payment, registration of transfer or exchange.

Redemption notices will be sent to DTC. If less than all of the securities of a particular series are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participant in the securities of such series to be redeemed.

Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (or such other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns the consenting or voting rights of Cede & Co. to those direct participants to whose accounts the securities of such series are credited on the record date, identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy.

So long as securities are in book-entry form, we will make payments on those securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the registered owner of such securities, by wire transfer of immediately available funds. If securities are issued in definitive certificated form under the limited circumstances described below, we will have the option of making payments by check mailed to the addresses of the persons entitled to payment or by wire transfer to bank accounts in the United States designated in writing to the applicable trustee or other designated party at least 15 days before the applicable payment date by the persons entitled to payment, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the applicable trustee or other designated party.

Redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments on the securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit direct participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC records. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the account of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.” Those payments will be the responsibility of participants and not of DTC or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC, is our responsibility, disbursement of payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of payments to the beneficial owners is the responsibility of direct and indirect participants.

Except under the limited circumstances described below, purchasers of securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names and will not receive physical delivery of securities. Accordingly, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants to exercise any rights under the securities and the indenture.

The laws of some jurisdictions may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Those laws may impair the ability to transfer or pledge beneficial interests in securities.

DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depositary with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depositary is not obtained, securities certificates are required to be printed and delivered.

As noted above, beneficial owners of a particular series of securities generally will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in those securities. However, if:

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DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the global security or securities representing such series of securities or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when it is required to be registered and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days of the notification to us or of our becoming aware of DTC’s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be;

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we determine, in our sole discretion, not to have such securities represented by one or more global securities; or

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an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series of securities and upon request of a holder,

we will prepare and deliver certificates for such securities in exchange for beneficial interests in the global securities. Any beneficial interest in a global security that is exchangeable under the circumstances described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities in definitive certificated form registered in the names that the depositary directs. It is expected that these directions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities.

We have obtained the information in this section and elsewhere in this prospectus concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system from sources that are believed to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy of this information.

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RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES

In order that we may meet the requirements for qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes at all times, our charter prohibits any person from acquiring or holding beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock or preferred stock, or collectively, capital stock, in excess of 9.8%, in number of shares or value, of the outstanding shares of the related class of capital stock. For this purpose, the term “beneficial ownership” means beneficial ownership of capital stock by a person, either directly or constructively, including through application of the constructive ownership provisions of Section 544 of the Code and related provisions.

Under the constructive ownership rules of Section 544 of the Code, a holder of a warrant generally will be treated as owning the number of shares of capital stock into which such warrant may be converted. In addition, the constructive ownership rules generally attribute ownership of securities owned by a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust proportionately to its stockholders, partners, or beneficiaries, respectively. The rules may also attribute ownership of securities owned by family members to other members of the same family and may treat an option to purchase securities as actual ownership of the underlying securities by the optionholder. The rules further provide when securities constructively owned by a person will be considered to be actually owned for the further application of such attribution provisions. To determine whether a person holds or would hold capital stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit, a person will be treated as owning not only shares of capital stock actually owned, but also any shares of capital stock attributed to that person under the attribution rules described above. Accordingly, a person who directly owns less than 9.8% of the shares outstanding may nevertheless be in violation of the 9.8% ownership limit.

Any acquisition or transfer of shares of capital stock or warrants that would cause us to be disqualified as a REIT, would create a direct or constructive ownership of shares of capital stock in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit, would result in the shares of capital stock being beneficially owned, within the meaning of Section 856(a) of the Code, by fewer than 100 persons, determined without any reference to any rules of attribution, or would result in our being closely held within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, will be null and void, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to those shares or warrants. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT.

If any purported transfer of shares of capital stock or warrants results in a purported transferee owning, directly or constructively, shares in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit due to the unenforceability of the transfer restrictions described above, the amount of shares causing the purported transferee to violate the 9.8% ownership limit will constitute excess securities. Excess securities will be transferred by operation of law to Redwood Trust as trustee for the exclusive benefit of the person or persons to whom the excess securities are ultimately transferred, until such time as the purported transferee retransfers the excess securities. While the excess securities are held in trust, a holder of such securities will not be entitled to vote or to share in any dividends or other distributions with respect to such securities and will not be entitled to exercise or convert such securities into shares of capital stock. Excess securities may be transferred by the purported transferee to any person (if such transfer would not result in excess securities) at a price not to exceed the price paid by the purported transferee (or, if no consideration was paid by the purported transferee, the Market Price (as defined in our charter) of the excess securities on the date of the purported transfer), at which point the excess securities will automatically be exchanged for the stock or warrants, as the case may be, to which the excess securities are attributable. If a purported transferee receives a higher price for designating an ultimate transferee, such purported transferee shall pay, or cause the ultimate transferee to pay, such excess to us. In addition, such excess securities held in trust are subject to purchase by us at a purchase price equal to the lesser of (a) the price per share or per warrant, as the case may be, in the transaction that created such excess securities (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift), reduced by the amount of any distributions received in violation of the charter that have not been repaid to us, and (b) the Market Price on the date we elect to purchase the excess securities, reduced by the amount of any distributions received in violation of the charter that have not been repaid to us.

Upon a purported transfer of excess securities, the purported transferee shall cease to be entitled to distributions, voting rights, and other benefits with respect to the shares of capital stock or warrants

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except the right to payment of the purchase price for the shares of capital stock or warrants on the retransfer of securities as provided above. Any dividend or distribution paid to a purported transferee on excess securities prior to our discovery that shares of capital stock have been transferred in violation of our charter shall be repaid to us upon demand. If these transfer restrictions are determined to be void, invalid, or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, then the purported transferee of any excess securities may be deemed, at our option, to have acted as an agent on our behalf in acquiring the excess securities and to hold the excess securities on our behalf.

All certificates representing shares of capital stock and warrants will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

Any person who acquires shares or warrants in violation of our charter, or any person who is a purported transferee such that excess securities result, must immediately give written notice or, in the event of a proposed or attempted transfer that would be void as set forth above, give at least 15 days prior written notice to us of such event and shall provide us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the transfer on our status as a REIT. In addition, as required under the REIT provisions of the Code, every record owner of more than 5.0%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders is 2,000, or 1.0%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders is greater than 200 but less than 2,000, or 1/2%, during any period in which the number of record stockholders is 200 or less, of the number or value of our outstanding shares will receive a questionnaire from us by January 30 requesting information as to how the shares are held. In addition, our charter requires that such stockholders must provide written notice to us by 30 days after January 1 stating the name and address of the record stockholder, the number of shares beneficially owned and a description of how the shares are held. In practice, we have generally permitted our stockholders to comply with the foregoing charter requirement by responding to our annual REIT questionnaire. Further, each stockholder upon demand is required to disclose to us in writing such information with respect to the direct and constructive ownership of shares and warrants as our board of directors deems reasonably necessary to comply with the REIT provisions of the Code, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.

Our board of directors may increase or decrease the 9.8% ownership limit. In addition, to the extent consistent with the REIT provisions of the Code, our board of directors may, pursuant to our charter, waive the 9.8% ownership limit for a purchaser of our stock. As a condition to such waiver the intended transferee must give written notice to the board of directors of the proposed transfer no later than the fifteenth day prior to any transfer which, if consummated, would result in the intended transferee owning shares in excess of the ownership limit. Our board of directors may also take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect our status as a REIT. Pursuant to our charter, our board of directors has, from time to time, waived the ownership limit for certain of our stockholders.

The provisions described above may inhibit market activity and the resulting opportunity for the holders of our capital stock and warrants to receive a premium for their shares or warrants that might otherwise exist in the absence of such provisions. Such provisions also may make us an unsuitable investment vehicle for any person seeking to obtain ownership of more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock.

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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS

We have summarized certain terms and provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws. This summary is not complete and is qualified by the provisions of our charter and bylaws, and the Maryland General Corporation Law. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

For restrictions on ownership and transfer of our capital stock contained in our charter, see “Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares.”

Maryland Business Combination Act

Under the Maryland Business Combination Act, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder, as such terms are defined in the Act, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by provision in the charter of the corporation. Our charter provides that we elect not to be governed by the provisions of the Maryland Business Combination Act.

Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act

The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act causes persons who acquire beneficial ownership of stock at levels of 10%, 33%, and more than 50% (control share acquisitions) to lose the voting rights of such stock unless voting rights are restored by the stockholders at a meeting by vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter (excluding stock held by the acquiring stockholder or the corporation’s officers or employee directors). The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act affords a cash-out election for stockholders other than the acquiring stockholder, at an appraised value (but not less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiring person in the control share acquisition), payable by the corporation, if voting rights for more than 50% of the outstanding stock are approved for the acquiring person. Under certain circumstances, the corporation may redeem shares acquired in a control share acquisition if voting rights for such shares have not been approved. The statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation, or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. A corporation’s board of directors has an “opt-out” power, exercisable through amendment of the corporation’s bylaws (which could be changed by the stockholders), to exempt in advance any control share acquisition from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act acquisitions of our common stock by any person pursuant to a waiver from the ownership limit in our charter granted to such persons by our board of directors.

The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers.

Board of Directors, Vacancies, and Removal of Directors

All directors are elected annually to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualify.

Pursuant to our election to be subject to certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, any vacancy on our board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies. A director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast generally for the election of directors.

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Charter Amendments and Extraordinary Corporate Actions

Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange, convert or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter provides for approval of these matters by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of shares entitled to vote on the matter.

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (i) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of directors or (iii) by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting.

Exclusive Forum

Our bylaws provide that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any Internal Corporate Claim (as defined in the Maryland General Corporation Law), (b) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (c) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of ours to us or our stockholders, (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours arising pursuant to any provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law or our charter or our bylaws, or (e) any other action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Subtitle 8

Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any of:

•

a classified board of directors;

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a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;

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a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors;

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a requirement that a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; or

•

a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders.

Pursuant to Subtitle 8, we have elected to provide that vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) vest in the board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships and (b) require, unless called by our chairman of the board, our president, the board of directors or a majority of independent directors, the request of holders of a majority of outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting to call a special meeting of stockholders.

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Meetings of Stockholders

Under our current bylaws and pursuant to Maryland law, annual meetings of stockholders will be held each year at a date and at the time and place determined by our board of directors. Special meetings of stockholders may be called by our board of directors, the chairman of the board of directors, our president or a majority of independent directors. Additionally, subject to the provisions of our bylaws, special meetings of the stockholders to act on any matter must be called by our secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting who have requested the special meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in, and provided the information and certifications required by, our bylaws. Only matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered and acted upon at such a meeting. Our secretary will inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and delivering the notice of meeting (including our proxy materials), and the requesting stockholder or stockholders must pay such estimated cost before our secretary may prepare and deliver the notice of the special meeting.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the purchase, ownership and disposition of our capital stock and debt securities, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. Supplemental U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to the ownership of the securities offered by this prospectus may be provided in the prospectus supplement that relates to those securities. Your tax treatment will vary depending upon the terms of the specific securities you acquire, as well as your particular situation. For purposes of this discussion, references to “we,” “our” and “us” mean only Redwood Trust, Inc. and do not include any of its subsidiaries, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is for general information only and is not tax advice. The information in this summary is based on:

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the Code;

•

current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, or Treasury Regulations;

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the legislative history of the Code;

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administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS; and

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court decisions;

in each case, as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, the administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings that are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received those rulings. The sections of the Code and the corresponding Treasury Regulations that relate to qualification and taxation as a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following discussion sets forth certain material aspects of the sections of the Code that govern the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders and the holders of its debt securities. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof. Potential tax reforms may result in significant changes to the rules governing U.S. federal income taxation. New legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations and practices and/or court decisions may significantly and adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such qualification, or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in us, including those described in this discussion. Moreover, the law relating to the tax treatment of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change, making an investment in such other entities more attractive relative to an investment in a REIT. Any such changes could apply retroactively to transactions preceding the date of the change. We have not requested, and do not plan to request, any rulings from the IRS that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this prospectus are not binding on the IRS or any court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the tax considerations contained in this discussion will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS. This summary does not discuss any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences, or any tax consequences arising under any U.S. federal tax laws other than U.S. federal income tax laws, associated with the purchase, ownership or disposition of our capital stock or debt securities, or our election to be taxed as a REIT.

You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the tax consequences to you of:

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the purchase, ownership and disposition of our capital stock or debt securities, including the U.S. federal, state, local, non-U.S. and other tax consequences;

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our election to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and

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potential changes in applicable tax laws.

Taxation of the Company

General

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1994. We believe that we have been organized and have

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operated in a manner that has allowed us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code commencing with such taxable year, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in this manner. However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, including through actual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we have been organized and have operated, or will continue to be organized and operate, in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Failure to Qualify” for potential tax consequences if we fail to qualify as a REIT.

Latham & Watkins LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this prospectus and our U.S. federal income tax status as a REIT. Latham & Watkins LLP has rendered an opinion to us, as of the date of this prospectus, to the effect that, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2011, we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion was based on various assumptions and representations as to factual matters, including representations made by us in a factual certificate provided by one or more of our officers. In addition, this opinion was based upon our factual representations set forth in this prospectus. Additionally, to the extent we make certain investments, such as investments in commercial mortgage loan securitizations, the accuracy of such opinion will also depend on the accuracy of certain opinions rendered to us in connection with such transactions. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, which are discussed below, including through actual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham & Watkins LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year have satisfied or will satisfy those requirements. Further, the anticipated U.S. federal income tax treatment described in this discussion may be changed, perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time. Latham & Watkins LLP has no obligation to update its opinion subsequent to the date of such opinion.

Provided we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be required to pay U.S. federal corporate income taxes on our REIT taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” that ordinarily results from investment in a C corporation. A C corporation is a corporation that generally is required to pay tax at the corporate level. Double taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level when the income is distributed. We will, however, be required to pay U.S. federal income tax as follows:

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We will be required to pay regular U.S. federal corporate income tax on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed capital gain.

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If we have (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property” held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (2) other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be required to pay regular U.S. federal corporate income tax on this income. To the extent that income from foreclosure property is otherwise qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, this tax is not applicable. Subject to certain other requirements, foreclosure property generally is defined as property we acquired through foreclosure or after a default on a loan secured by the property or a lease of the property. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Income Tests — Foreclosure Property.”

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We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited transactions. Prohibited transactions are, in general, sales or other taxable dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.

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If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below, but have otherwise maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, we will be required to pay a tax equal to (1) the greater of (A) the amount by which we fail to

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satisfy the 75% gross income test and (B) the amount by which we fail to satisfy the 95% gross income test, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

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If we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests (other than a de minimis failure of the 5% or 10% asset test), as described below, due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets that caused us to fail such test.

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If we fail to satisfy any provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a violation of the gross income tests or certain violations of the asset tests, as described below) and the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we may retain our REIT qualification but we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.

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We will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.

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If we acquire any asset from a corporation that is or has been a C corporation in a transaction in which our tax basis in the asset is less than the fair market value of the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset, and we subsequently recognize gain on the disposition of the asset during the five-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset, then we generally will be required to pay regular U.S. federal corporate income tax on this gain to the extent of the excess of (1) the fair market value of the asset over (2) our adjusted tax basis in the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset. The results described in this paragraph with respect to the recognition of gain assume that the C corporation will refrain from making an election to receive different treatment under applicable Treasury Regulations on its tax return for the year in which we acquire the asset from the C corporation. Under applicable Treasury Regulations, any gain from the sale of property we acquired in an exchange under Section 1031 (a like-kind exchange) or Section 1033 (an involuntary conversion) of the Code generally is excluded from the application of this built-in gains tax.

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If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or from certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may thereby avoid (1) the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction) and (2) the inclusion of any income from such property not qualifying for purposes of the REIT gross income tests discussed below, but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to regular U.S. federal corporate income tax.

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We will generally be subject to tax on the portion of any “excess inclusion income” derived from an investment in residual interests in certain mortgage loan securitization structures (i.e., a “taxable mortgage pool” or a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit, or a REMIC) to the extent that our capital stock is held by specified types of tax-exempt organizations known as “disqualified organizations” that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. To the extent that we own a REMIC residual interest or a taxable mortgage pool through a taxable REIT subsidiary, or a TRS, we will not be subject to this tax. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Taxable Mortgage Pools.”

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Our subsidiaries that are C corporations and are not qualified REIT subsidiaries, including our TRSs, generally will be required to pay regular U.S. federal corporate income tax on their earnings.

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We will be required to pay a 100% tax on any “redetermined rents,” “redetermined deductions,” “excess interest” or “redetermined TRS service income,” as described below under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Income Tests — Penalty Tax.”

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We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would include its proportionate share of our undistributed capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) in its income, would be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for its proportionate share of the

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tax deemed to have been paid, and an adjustment would be made to increase the tax basis of the stockholder in our capital stock.

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If we fail to comply with the requirement to send annual letters to our stockholders holding at least a certain percentage of our stock, as determined under applicable Treasury Regulations, requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our stock, and the failure is not due to reasonable cause or is due to willful neglect, we will be subject to a $25,000 penalty, or if the failure is intentional, a $50,000 penalty.

We and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes other than U.S. federal income tax, including payroll taxes and state and local income, property and other taxes on our assets and operations.

Requirements for Qualification as a REIT

The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:

(1)

that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;

(2)

that issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence its beneficial ownership;

(3)

that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Code;

(4)

that is not a financial institution or an insurance company within the meaning of certain provisions of the Code;

(5)

that is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons;

(6)

not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals, including certain specified entities, during the last half of each taxable year; and

(7)

that meets other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions.

The Code provides that conditions (1) to (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. For purposes of condition (6), the term “individual” includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefit plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes, but generally does not include a qualified pension plan or profit sharing trust.

We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that has allowed us, and will continue to allow us, to satisfy conditions (1) through (7), inclusive, during the relevant time periods. In addition, our charter provides for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of our shares that are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. A description of the share ownership and transfer restrictions relating to our capital stock is contained in the discussion in this prospectus under the heading “Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer and Repurchase of Shares.” These restrictions, however, do not ensure that we have previously satisfied, and may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to continue to satisfy, the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, then except as provided in the next sentence, our status as a REIT will terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in applicable Treasury Regulations that require us to ascertain the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement described in condition (6) above, we will be treated as having met this requirement. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Failure to Qualify.”

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In addition, we may not maintain our status as a REIT unless our taxable year is the calendar year. We have and will continue to have a calendar taxable year.

Ownership of Interests in Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries

In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership (for purposes of this discussion, references to “partnership” include a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and references to “partner” include a member in such a limited liability company), Treasury Regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership based on its interest in partnership capital, subject to special rules relating to the 10% asset test described below. Also, the REIT will be deemed to be entitled to its proportionate share of the income of that entity. The assets and gross income of the partnership retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section 856 of the Code, including satisfying the gross income tests and the asset tests. Thus, our pro rata share of the assets and items of income of any partnership, including such partnership’s share of these items of any partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which it owns an interest, would be treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the requirements described in this discussion, including the gross income and asset tests described below. For purposes of the REIT qualification tests, the treatment of our ownership of partnerships or limited liability companies that are, in each case, treated as disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes is generally the same as described below with respect to qualified REIT subsidiaries.

We generally have control of our subsidiary partnerships and intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. If we become a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In such a case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below.

From time to time, we may own wholly owned subsidiaries that are treated as “qualified REIT subsidiaries” under the Code. A corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) qualifies as our qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of the corporation’s outstanding stock and do not elect with the subsidiary to treat it as a TRS, as described below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the parent REIT for all purposes under the Code, including all REIT qualification tests. Thus, in applying the U.S. federal income tax requirements described in this discussion, any qualified REIT subsidiaries we own are ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such corporations are treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to U.S. federal income tax, and our ownership of the stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the restrictions on ownership of securities, as described below under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Asset Tests.”

Ownership of Interests in TRSs

From time to time, we may own interests in one or more companies that have elected, together with us, to be treated as our TRSs, and we may acquire securities in additional TRSs in the future. A TRS is a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes), other than a REIT, in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a TRS. If a TRS owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such other corporation will also be treated as a TRS. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a TRS may generally engage in any business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular C corporation. A REIT is not treated as holding the

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assets of a TRS or as receiving any income that the TRS earns. Rather, the stock issued by the TRS is an asset in the hands of the REIT, and the REIT generally recognizes as income the dividends, if any, that it receives from the TRS. A REIT’s ownership of securities of a TRS is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset test described below. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Asset Tests.” Taxpayers are subject to a limitation on their ability to deduct net business interest generally equal to 30% of adjusted taxable income, subject to certain exceptions. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Annual Distribution Requirements.” While not certain, this provision may limit the ability of our TRSs to deduct interest, which could increase their taxable income.

Non-U.S. TRSs that are not engaged in trade or business in the United States for tax purposes generally are not subject to U.S. corporate income taxation. However, certain U.S. shareholders of such non-U.S. corporations may be required to include in their income currently their proportionate share of the earnings of such a corporation, whether or not such earnings are distributed. This could affect our ability to comply with the REIT income tests and distribution requirement. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Income Tests” and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Annual Distribution Requirements.”

We may hold a significant number of assets in one or more TRSs, subject to the limitation that securities in TRSs may not represent more than 20% of our total assets. We may engage in securitization transactions through our TRSs, and to the extent that we acquire loans with an intention of selling such loans in a manner that might expose us to a 100% tax on “prohibited transactions,” such loans may be acquired by a TRS.

Certain restrictions imposed on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S. federal income taxation. For example, if amounts are paid to a REIT or deducted by a TRS due to transactions between a REIT, its tenants and/or the TRS that exceed the amount that would be paid to or deducted by a party in an arm’s-length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess. Furthermore, income of a TRS that is understated as a result of services provided to us or on our behalf generally will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Income Tests — Penalty Tax.”

Ownership of Interests in Subsidiary REITs

We own and may acquire direct or indirect interests in one or more entities that have elected or will elect to be taxed as REITs under the Code (each, a “Subsidiary REIT”). A Subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to us. If a Subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) that Subsidiary REIT would become subject to U.S. federal income tax as a corporation and (ii) the Subsidiary REIT’s failure to qualify could have an adverse effect on our ability to comply with the REIT income and asset tests, and thus could impair our ability to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of certain relief provisions.

Taxable Mortgage Pools

An entity, or a portion of an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage pool, or a TMP, under the Code if:

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substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations;

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more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or interests in real estate mortgages as of specified testing dates;

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the entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more maturities; and

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the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations “bear a relationship” to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets.

Under applicable Treasury Regulations, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to comprise “substantially

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all” of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP. We may enter into financing and securitization arrangements that give rise to TMPs.

A TMP generally is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, special rules apply to a REIT, a portion of a REIT, or a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP. If a REIT owns directly, or indirectly through one or more qualified REIT subsidiaries or other entities that are disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, 100% of the equity interests in the TMP, the TMP will be a qualified REIT subsidiary and, therefore, disregarded as an entity separate from the REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and would not generally affect the tax qualification of the REIT. Rather, the consequences of the TMP classification would generally be limited to the REIT’s shareholders. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of the Company — Excess Inclusion Income.”

Excess Inclusion Income

A portion of income from a TMP arrangement, which might be non-cash accrued income, could be treated as “excess inclusion income.” A REIT’s excess inclusion income, including any excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a REMIC, must be allocated among its shareholders in proportion to dividends paid. We generally do not expect to generate excess inclusion income that would be allocated to our stockholders. In the event we do generate excess inclusion income, we are required to notify our stockholders of the amount of such income allocated to them. A shareholder’s share of excess inclusion income:

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cannot be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the shareholder;

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in the case of a shareholder that is a REIT, a regulated investment company, or a RIC, or a common trust fund or other pass-through entity, is considered excess inclusion income of such entity;

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is subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of shareholders that are otherwise generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax;

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results in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty or other exemption, to the extent allocable to most types of non-U.S. shareholders; and

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is taxable at the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate, currently 21%, to the REIT, rather than its shareholders, to the extent allocable to the REIT’s shares held in record name by disqualified organizations (generally, tax-exempt entities not subject to unrelated business income tax, including governmental organizations).

The manner in which excess inclusion income is calculated, or would be allocated to our stockholders, including allocations among shares of different classes of stock, is not clear under current law. As required by IRS guidance, we intend to make such determinations using a reasonable method.

Tax-exempt investors, RIC or REIT investors, non-U.S. investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax consequences described above, and are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our capital stock.

If a subsidiary partnership of ours that we do not wholly own, directly or through one or more disregarded entities, were a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the partnership that is a TMP would be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and potentially would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax or withholding tax. In addition, this characterization would alter our income and asset test calculations, and could adversely affect our compliance with those requirements. We intend to monitor the structure of any TMPs in which we will have an interest to ensure that they will not adversely affect our qualification as a REIT.

Income Tests

We must satisfy two gross income requirements annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, in each taxable year we must derive directly or indirectly at least 75% of our gross income (excluding

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gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, and certain foreign currency gains) from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including “rents from real property,” dividends from other REITs and, in certain circumstances, interest, or certain types of temporary investments. Second, in each taxable year we must derive at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, and certain foreign currency gains) from the real property investments described above or dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or from any combination of the foregoing.

Interest Income

Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is secured by a mortgage on real property or on interests in real property and, if an obligation is secured by a mortgage on both real property and personal property, the fair market value of such personal property does not exceed 15% of the total fair market value of all such property. In the event that we invest in a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and personal property, we may be required to apportion our interest on the loan between interest on an obligation that is secured by real property (or by an interest in real property) and interest on an obligation that is not so secured. Even if a loan is not secured by real property or is undersecured, the income that it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test.

To the extent that we derive interest income from a loan where all or a portion of the amount of interest payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for purposes of the gross income tests only if it is based upon the gross receipts or sales and not the net income or profits of any person. This limitation does not apply, however, to a mortgage loan where the borrower derives substantially all of its income from the property from the leasing of substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants, to the extent that the rental income derived by the borrower would qualify as rents from real property had we earned it directly.

To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the sale of the property securing the loan (or a shared appreciation provision), income attributable to the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the underlying property, which generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests, provided that the property is not inventory or dealer property of the borrower or ours.

Any amount includible in our gross income with respect to a regular or residual interest in a REMIC generally is treated as interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property. If, however, les

SEC Form 424B5 filed by Redwood Trust Inc.