SEC Form DEF 14A filed by Middlesex Water Company

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No.    )

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

Middlesex Water Company

(Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

	Middlesex Water Company 485C Route 1 South Suite 400 Iselin, New Jersey 08830

Dear Valued Shareholders,

It is my privilege to invite you to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Middlesex Water Company (“Middlesex” or the “Company”), which will be held virtually on Tuesday, May 20, 2025, at 11:00 a.m. EDT. This meeting provides an important opportunity to review our Company’s progress, share updates on our strategic initiatives, and discuss matters that are critical to building long-term shareholder value.

This year marked a significant milestone for Middlesex as we welcomed our new President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Nadine Leslie, effective March 1, 2024. With over 25 years of experience in the water industry, Nadine assumed leadership at a pivotal time, continuing our legacy of excellence for 128 years.

In her first year, Nadine has quickly demonstrated her commitment to upholding the high standards of service and operational excellence that have been the hallmark of Middlesex. She has shown exceptional strategic vision, and we are confident that under her guidance, we will continue to grow and thrive in the years to come.

As we reflect on 2024, I am proud of the meaningful progress made under Nadine’s leadership. Her team navigated a year of transition while strengthening operational resiliency, enhancing financial performance, and maintaining our commitment to delivering shareholder value. Notable accomplishments include:

Financial Performance

Strategic Investments in Infrastructure

Operational Excellence and Resiliency

Long-Term Vision

I want to thank you for your steadfast loyalty and support of Middlesex and the Board of Directors throughout the years. I also congratulate Nadine and her leadership team on their vision for future success and on their diligent focus on execution of that vision.

Sincerely,

Dennis W. Doll

Chairman of the Board

April 10, 2025

NOTICE OF 2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON MAY 20, 2025

Tuesday, May 20, 2025 — Annual Meeting of Shareholders

Dear Shareholder:

You are cordially invited to participate in the Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Middlesex Water Company (“Middlesex” or the “Company”) which will be held on May 20, 2025 at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time for the following purposes:

Class II

Steven M. Klein, Amy B. Mansue

Class III

Walter G. Reinhard

In addition, we will transact any other business properly presented at the meeting, including any adjournment or postponement by, or at, the direction of the Board.

This Proxy Statement contains important information for you to consider when deciding how to vote on the matters brought before the Annual Meeting. Please read it carefully. You do not need to attend the Annual Meeting in order to vote. The Board recommends that you vote for Proposal 1, for Proposal 2 and for Proposal 3.

This year’s Annual Meeting will be held exclusively via audiocast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSEX2025.

We strongly encourage shareholders to vote, and to do so as promptly as possible. The deadline for voting by Internet or phone is before the Annual Meeting at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on Monday, May 19, 2025.

Middlesex Water Company • 485C Route 1 South • Suite 400 • Iselin, New Jersey 08830

NOTICE OF 2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS Cont’d

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials For the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to Be Held on May 20, 2025

You are invited to participate in the Annual Meeting via live audiocast. Whether or not you expect to virtually attend the Annual Meeting, please vote on the matters to be considered as promptly as possible in order to ensure your representation at the meeting. You may vote at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSEX2025 when you enter your 16-digit control number included with the Notice of Internet Availability or proxy card. Instructions on how to attend, participate in, and ask questions at, the Annual Meeting are posted at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSEX2025. You will be also able to vote your shares while attending the Annual Meeting by following the instructions on the website.

The Board has fixed the close of business on March 25, 2025 as the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting. Only shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 25, 2025, or their proxy holders, may vote at the Annual Meeting. Please note in the absence of specific instructions as to how to vote, brokers may not vote your shares on the election of Directors or the non-binding proposal regarding the compensation of our Named Executive Officers. This proxy statement is first being provided to our shareholders on or about April 10, 2025.

	On Behalf of the Board of Directors,
Iselin, New Jersey
April 10, 2025
	Jay L. Kooper
	Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained in further detail elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. It does not contain all of the information you should consider and you should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting. For more complete information regarding the Company’s 2024 performance, please also review the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Annual Meeting of Shareholders

Matters to be Voted Upon

The following table summarizes the proposals to be voted upon at the Annual Meeting and the Board’s voting recommendations with respect to each proposal:

GENERAL INFORMATION

At the Annual Meeting, shareholders will consider and vote upon three proposals:

Shareholders may also vote upon such other matters as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

The Company is furnishing you these proxy materials in connection with the solicitation of proxies on behalf of our Board for use at the Annual Meeting. This Proxy Statement includes information we are required to provide under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and is designed to assist you in voting your shares.

The Notice of Internet Availability (“NOIA”) of Proxy Materials provides you with instructions how to 1) view on the Internet our proxy materials for the Annual Meeting; and 2) instruct us to send proxy materials to you by U.S. mail. The proxy materials are available at www.proxyvote.com.

A proxy is your legal designation of another person to vote the shares you own. If you designate someone as your proxy or proxy holder in a written document, that document is called a proxy or a proxy card. Directors Joshua Bershad, M.D. and Vaughn L. McKoy have been designated as proxies or proxy holders for the Annual Meeting. Proxies properly executed and received by our Corporate Secretary prior to the Annual Meeting, and not revoked, will be voted in accordance with the terms thereof.

Under rules adopted by the SEC, we have chosen to furnish our proxy materials to our shareholders over the Internet and to provide a NOIA of Proxy Materials by U.S. mail, rather than mailing the printed proxy materials to all shareholders. As a result, the Company is able to reduce printing and postage costs, as well as minimize adverse impact on the environment. If you receive a NOIA, you will not receive a printed copy of the proxy materials in the mail unless you request them by following the instructions provided in the NOIA. Instead, the NOIA instructs you how to access and review all of the information contained in the Proxy Statement and Annual Report to Shareholders online. The NOIA also explains how you may submit your proxy over the Internet. If you would like to receive a printed copy of our proxy materials, you should follow the instructions in the NOIA. The Company shall pay the costs of solicitation of proxies.

Shareholders of record at the close of business on March 25, 2025, which we refer to as the Record Date, (the “Record Date”) are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting. On the Record Date, there were 17,894,479 shares of Company common stock issued and outstanding, each entitled to one vote. A complete list of shareholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for examination by any shareholder of record at our Principle Executive offices at 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, NJ 08830 for a period of 10 days prior to the Annual Meeting. The list will also be available for examination by any shareholder of record at the Annual Meeting.

 You are a “shareholder of record” if, at the close of business on the Record Date, your shares were registered directly in your name with Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”), our transfer agent. You are a beneficial owner if, at the close of business on the Record Date, your shares were held by a brokerage firm or other nominee and not directly in your name. Being a beneficial owner means that, like most of our shareholders, your shares are held in “street name.” As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker or nominee how to vote your shares by following the voting instructions your broker or nominee provides.

All shares that have been properly voted, by completing and submitting a proxy card whether by Internet, telephone or U.S. mail, and not revoked, will be voted at the Annual Meeting in accordance with your instructions. If you are a shareholder of record and you do not vote by proxy card, by telephone, via the Internet or in person at the Annual Meeting, your shares will not be voted at the Annual Meeting. If you sign your proxy card but do not give voting instructions, the shares represented by that proxy will be voted as recommended by the Board.

If any other matters are properly presented at the Annual Meeting for consideration and if you have voted your shares by Internet, telephone or U.S. mail, the persons named as proxies in the proxy card will have the discretion to vote on those registered matters for you.

If you are the beneficial owner and you do not direct your broker or nominee how to vote your shares, your broker or nominee may vote your shares on only those proposals for which it has discretion to vote.

Please note that under the rules of the Nasdaq Global Select Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) your bank, broker or other nominee may not vote your shares with respect to matters considered non-routine (Proposals 1 and 2). Proposal 3, the ratification of our auditor, is a routine matter on which brokers and nominees can vote on behalf of their clients if clients do not furnish voting instructions.

In order for the Annual Meeting to be conducted, a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock as of the record date must be present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting. This is referred to as a quorum.

With respect to Proposal 1, the election of three Directors, you may vote FOR ALL, WITHHOLD ALL or FOR ALL EXCEPT and indicate any nominee for which you withhold authority to vote. Directors are elected by a plurality of votes cast by shareholders present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting, and entitled to vote on the election of Directors. With respect to Proposals 2 and 3, (or any other matter to be voted at the Annual Meeting), you may vote FOR, AGAINST or ABSTAIN. The approval of the non-binding advisory vote regarding the compensation of our Named Executive Officers (Proposal 2) requires that the votes cast in favor of the proposal exceed the number of votes cast against the proposal. The ratification of the appointment by the Audit Committee of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Proposal 3) requires that the votes cast in favor of the ratification exceed the number of votes opposing the ratification.

The Board of Directors recommends that you vote:

For purposes of determining the votes cast with respect to any matter presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting, only those votes cast “for” or “against” are included. As described above, where brokers do not have discretion to vote or did not exercise such discretion, the inability or failure to vote is referred to as a “broker non-vote.” Proxies marked as abstaining, and any proxies returned by brokers as “non-votes” on behalf of shares held in street name because beneficial owners’ discretion has been withheld as to one or more matters to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting, will be treated as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the Annual Meeting. Broker non-votes and withheld votes will not be included in the vote total for the proposal to elect the nominees for Director and will not affect the outcome of the vote for these proposals. In addition, under New Jersey corporation law, abstentions are not counted as votes cast on a proposal. Therefore, abstentions and broker non-votes will not count either in favor of or against the nonbinding advisory proposal regarding the approval of the compensation of our named Executives or the ratification of the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

May I revoke my proxy or change my vote?

Yes. You may revoke a proxy you have given at any time before it is voted at the Annual Meeting by: (1) submitting to our Corporate Secretary a letter revoking the proxy, which the Secretary must receive prior to the Annual Meeting, or (2) voting at the virtual Annual Meeting. Attendance at the Annual Meeting will not by itself revoke a previously granted proxy, unless you specifically request it. You may change your proxy instructions for shares in “street name” by submitting new voting instructions to your broker or nominee.

Votes will be counted by representatives of Broadridge who will tally the votes and certify the results.

All shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 25, 2025 can attend the Annual Meeting via webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSEX2025.

Management will give a brief presentation during the meeting and shareholders will be invited to submit questions online.

To be considered for inclusion on our Proxy Statement to be issued in 2026, shareholder proposals must be received at our Executive offices on or before December 12, 2025. In addition, shareholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of Director nominees other than the Company’s nominees must comply with the requirements of SEC Rule 14a-19(b) and deliver any such proxy to our Executive offices on or before March 20, 2026. Shareholder proposals and proxies in support of director nominees should be directed to the Corporate Secretary of Middlesex Water Company, 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, New Jersey 08830-0452.

We will announce preliminary results at the Annual Meeting. We will issue final results in a press release and in a current report on Form 8-K which we will file with the SEC on or about May 21, 2025.

The SEC rules permit us, with your permission, to deliver a single paper Proxy Statement and Annual Report to any household at which two or more shareholders of record reside at the same address. Each shareholder will continue to receive a separate proxy card. This procedure, known as “householding” reduces the volume of duplicate information and reduces our expenses and environmental impact. Once given, a shareholder’s consent will remain in effect unless and until it is revoked by notifying our Corporate Secretary as described above. If you revoke your consent, we will begin sending you individual copies of future mailings of these documents within 30 days after we receive your revocation notice. Shareholders of record who elect to participate in householding may also request a separate copy of future Proxy Statements and Annual Reports by contacting our Corporate Secretary in writing at Office of the Corporate Secretary, Middlesex Water Company, 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, New Jersey 08830-0452.

Separate Copies for Beneficial Owners

Institutions that hold shares in “Street Name” for two or more beneficial owners with the same address are permitted to deliver a single Proxy Statement and Annual Report to that address. Any such beneficial owner can request a separate paper copy of this Proxy Statement or the Annual Report on Form 10-K by contacting our Corporate Secretary as described above. Beneficial owners with the same address who receive more than one paper Proxy Statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K may request delivery of a single Proxy Statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K by contacting our Corporate Secretary as described above.

PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

The Board is elected by shareholders to oversee their interest in the overall success of our business. Board members are divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. The Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee periodically reviews the efficacy of declassifying the Board. The Board continues to maintain that its present classification structure with three classes of Directors with as nearly equal number of members as practicable, provides for the most effective continuance of the knowledge and experience gained by members of the Board, and that maintaining the current Board classification structure serves the best interests of shareholders.

The present terms of Class II Directors expire at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Upon the recommendation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, the Board recommends Steven M. Klein and Amy B. Mansue stand for re-election as Class II and that Walter G. Reinhard stand for re-election as a Class III Director. The Director nominees for election named below are willing to be duly elected and to serve. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting. If at the time of the election the nominees listed should be unable to serve, it is the intention of the persons designated as proxies to vote, in their discretion, for other nominees, unless the number of Directors is reduced. There were no nominee recommendations from shareholders or from any group of shareholders submitted in accordance with regulations of the SEC.

Election of Directors (Proposal No. 1)

The Company has ten Directors on its Board. The following Table provides summary information about each Director nominee standing for initial election or re-election to the Board. Additional information for all of our Directors, including the nominees, may be found beginning on page 7.

NOMINEES FOR THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

We set forth information with respect to the business experience, qualifications and affiliations of our Director nominees below. No such director has any transactions, relationships or arrangements not disclosed under Item 404(a) (as required under Item 7(b) of Schedule 14A) that the Board considered under the applicable independence standard in determining that the director is independent.

Class II – (Term expires in 2025)

Steven M. Klein

Independent Director since 2009

Board Committees:

       Audit, Chair | Audit Committee Financial Expert | Pension

Age: 59

Experience and Qualifications:

Steven M. Klein serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary, Northfield Bank, with overall management responsibility for these entities. Mr. Klein is also designated as a financial expert on the Audit Committee. Mr. Klein was named to the Board of Directors of Northfield Bancorp Inc. and Northfield Bank in August 2013. Mr. Klein’s background includes serving as an audit partner with the international accounting and auditing firm KPMG LLP. He is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New Jersey and member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the New Jersey Society of Certified Public Accountants. He is a board member of the New Jersey Bankers Association and a member of the American Bankers Association. Mr. Klein serves on the Board of Trustees of Richmond University Medical Center.

Education:

Mr. Klein earned a B.A. in Business Administration from Montclair State University.

Class III – (Term expires in 2025)

Walter G. Reinhard

Independent Director since 2002 

Board Committees:

       Lead Director | Ad Hoc Pricing Corporate Governance & Nominating, Chair | Pension |

Age: 79

Experience and Qualifications:

Walter G. Reinhard was named Lead Director in May 2020. He served as a partner of the law firm of Norris McLaughlin, P.A. prior to his retirement from the active practice of law and partnership in the firm on December 31, 2014. Mr. Reinhard had been with the firm since 1984 and practiced administrative, environmental and regulatory law involving public utilities. He brings over 40 years of legal experience to the Board including expertise in handling regulatory matters before the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. During his tenure at Norris McLaughlin, Mr. Reinhard’s professional affiliations included the New Jersey State Bar Association and its Public Utility LawSection (Chair, 1988-89), the Water Utility Council of the American Water Works Association, New Jersey Chapter, and the New Jersey Chapter of the National Association of Water Companies. Mr. Reinhard serves as a Trustee of the Fanwood-Scotch Plains YMCA.

Education:

Mr. Reinhard received his B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania and his J.D. from Pennsylvania State University’s Dickinson School of Law.

Class II – (Term expires in 2025)

Amy B. Mansue

Independent Director since 2010

Board Committees:

       Compensation, Chair | Audit

Age: 60

Experience and Qualifications:

Amy B. Mansue has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Inspira Health since August of 2020. Previously she worked in the RWJBarnabas Health system for 17 years having served in a variety of roles including: Executive Vice President and Chief Experience Officer of RWJBarnabas Health, RWJBarnabas Health – President of the Southern Region, and President and Chief Executive Officer of Children’s Specialized Hospital. Ms. Mansue’s background includes serving as a staff member on healthcare policy for former New Jersey Governor Jim Florio, serving as a Deputy Commissioner in the New Jersey Department of Human Services and as Deputy Chief of Staff to former New Jersey Governor James McGreevey. She was President of HIP/NJ and Senior VP of Strategy for HIP/NY. Ms. Mansue serves on the Boards of the New Jersey Chamber of Commerce, the NJ Hospital Association, Rutgers University Board of Trustees and the New Brunswick Development Corporation.

Education:

Ms. Mansue holds a Bachelor’s degree in social welfare and a Master’s degree in social work, planning and management from the University of Alabama.

DIRECTORS NOT STANDING FOR ELECTION IN 2025

We set forth information with respect to the business experience, qualifications and affiliations of our Directors not standing for election in 2025:

Class II – (Term expires in 2025)

Dennis W. Doll

Director since 2006

Age: 66

Experience and Qualifications:

Dennis W. Doll retired as President and CEO of Middlesex in March 2024.

Mr. Doll has more than 35 years of experience in senior level positions in investor-owned water and wastewater utility management. He joined Middlesex as Executive Vice President in November 2004 and was named President and Chief Executive Officer, and a Director of Middlesex, effective January 1, 2006. In May 2010, he was elected Chairman of the Board also serving as Chairman of the Boards of the Company’s subsidiary companies. Mr. Doll speaks frequently on water related issues including asset & capital management, infrastructure policy, utility preparedness and resiliency. He has served as Past President of the National Association of Water Companies and past Chairman of the New Jersey Utilities Association, representing New Jersey’s electric, gas, water and telecommunications industries.

Mr. Doll is past Chairman of the Board of the Water Research Foundation and has served as a Director and member of the Executive Committee of the Board of the American Water Works Association. He presently serves as Treasurer and member of the Board of Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) of Middlesex County, NJ.

Education:

Mr. Doll received a B.A. Degree in Accounting and Economics from Upsala College.

Class III –(Term expires in 2026)

Vaughn L. McKoy

Independent Director since 2021

Board Committees: Audit |Corporate Governance & Nominating

Age: 56

Experience and Qualifications:

Vaughn L. McKoy Esq., is Partner with the firm of Connell Foley, LLP where he specializes in general and commercial litigation, regulatory matters, corporate governance, ethics and compliance and government affairs. His leadership experience includes over 25 years working with federal and state governments, non-profits, law firms and corporations. Mr. McKoy brings to the Middlesex Board over 12 years of experience in various legal and business positions of increasing responsibility at Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG) New Jersey’s largest utility company, where he completed his tenure as Managing Director and Vice-President. Mr. McKoy serves on the Board of Governors of Hackensack Meridian Medical School. He serves as Vice Chair of the Dfree Global Foundation and on the Corporate Advisory Council of the Boys and Girls Clubs of New Jersey.

Education:

Mr. McKoy holds a Bachelor of Science degree in administration of justice from Rutgers University. He earned a juris doctorate from Rutgers University’s School of Law and a Master of Business Administration degree from New York University’s Stern School of Business.

Class III – (Term expires in 2026)

James F. Cosgrove, Jr.

Independent Director since 2010

Board Committees: Ad Hoc Pricing, Chair | Compensation | Pension, Chair

Age: 61

Experience and Qualifications:

James F. Cosgrove is the President of One Water Consulting, LLC, a company providing water resource solutions, strategic planning and regulatory compliance support to public and private sector entities. Prior to his current position, he served as Vice President and Principal of Kleinfelder, a firm offering consulting in architecture, civil and structural engineering, construction management, environmental analysis, remediation, and natural resources management throughout the U.S., Canada and Australia. A Professional Engineer licensed in the State of New Jersey, Mr. Cosgrove has over 35 years’ experience in the field of environmental engineering and science with extensive background in water quality monitoring/modeling and environmental impact analysis. Mr. Cosgrove formerly served as Principal and Founder of Omni Environmental LLC, an environmental consulting firm based in Princeton, NJ. Mr. Cosgrove’s professional affiliations include the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Water Resources Association, the National Society of Professional Engineers, and the Water Environment Federation, among others. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Association of Environmental Authorities and is a member and past Chair of the New Jersey Clean Water Council.

Education:

Mr. Cosgrove received a B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Lafayette College and earned his M.E. in Environmental and Water Resource Systems Engineering from Cornell University.

DIRECTORS NOT STANDING FOR ELECTION IN 2025

Class III (Term Expires in 2026)

Joshua Bershad, M.D.

Independent Director since 2020

Board Committees: Audit | Compensation

Age: 51

Experience and Qualifications:

Dr. Joshua Bershad is Executive Vice President, Physician Services of RWJBarnabas Health and Chief Medical Officer of Rutgers Athletics. In addition to his role with RWJBarnabas Health and Rutgers Athletics, Dr. Bershad teaches in multiple capacities at Rutgers University, including as Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, as Adjunct Clinical Professor at Rutgers-Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and as Visiting Lecturer at Rutgers Business School EMBA Program. Previously, he served in multiple senior Executive roles within Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital & Health System, including Senior Vice President/Chief Medical Officer and Chair of the Medical Executive Committee for approximately 10 years. He was the organizer and initial President of RWJ Physician Enterprise, a multispecialty physician group. Dr. Bershad serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the Middlesex County Medical Society and is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Robert Wood Johnson Visiting Nurses. He also is a member of the Board of Trustees of the VNA Health Group.

Education:

Dr. Bershad attended both Rutgers Medical School and Rutgers Business School where he received his MD and MBA, respectively. He also holds a Bachelor’s degree in Biology/Geology from the State University of New York (SUNY) Binghamton.

Class I (Term Expires in 2027)

Nadine Leslie

Director since 2024

Age: 62

Experience and Qualifications:

Ms. Leslie is an accomplished leader with more than 25 years of domestic and international experience in the Water Industry. She was appointed President and CEO of Middlesex effective March 1, 2024. She previously served as Chief Executive Officer of SUEZ North America from 2019 to 2022. In this capacity, she was responsible for overseeing one of North America’s leading environmental companies, with revenues over $1.1 billion, providing water and recycling and recovery services to 6.6 million people in the United States and Canada. The scope of her responsibilities included 15 regulated water utilities, 65 municipal contracts through innovative public-private partnerships and the long-term asset management contracts for water storage facilities, serving more than 4,000 municipal and industrial clients. Ms. Leslie has served on the Boards of Provident Financial Services, Inc. and Provident Bank since June 2021 and joined the Board of Syensqo SA/NV in December 2023.

Education:

Ms. Leslie holds a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering from the Faculte des Sciences in Haiti and completed an internship/scholarship program in urban planning at La Cambre University in Belgium.

Class I – (Term expires in 2027)

Kim C. Hanemann

Independent Director since 2016

Board Committees:

Compensation | Corporate Governance & Nominating

Age: 61

Experience and Qualifications: Kim C. Hanemann was named President and Chief Operating Officer of Public Service Electric & Gas Company (PSE&G) effective June 30, 2021. PSE&G is one of the largest combined electric and gas companies in the United States and is New Jersey’s oldest and largest publicly owned utility. Previously she had been Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, responsible for PSE&G’s electric, gas and customer operations, as well as the Company’s asset management and centralized services. She also oversaw the on-time, on-scope and on-budget execution of the company’s large construction projects. Prior to being named Chief Operating Officer, Ms. Hanemann held numerous leadership positions in both electric and gas field operations and in utility support operations. Ms. Hanemann is a member of the Board of Directors of the New Jersey Chamber of Commerce and the New Jersey Utilities Association. She was previously a member of the Board of Trustees of Children’s Specialized Hospital.

Education:

Ms. Hanemann earned her Bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from Lehigh University and an M.B.A. from Rutgers Graduate School of Management.

Class I (Term Expires in 2027)

Ann L. Noble

Independent Director since 2019

Board Committees: Ad Hoc Pricing |

Audit | Corporate Governance & Nominating

Age: 63

Experience and Qualifications:

Ann L. Noble is a seasoned business executive with over 30 years of experience in healthcare and insurance. Before retiring, she worked as a Financial Consultant specializing in strategic planning, financial management, and contract negotiation. Previously, she was President and CEO of Qual-Lynx and Vice President of Workers’ Compensation at QualCare, subsidiaries of Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company, where she led a regional claims services and managed care organization for 14 years. Earlier, Ms. Noble served as Vice President of Finance at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital for a decade, during which she was also on the Board of Directors of QualCare. She spent eight years at Ernst & Young, progressing to Senior Manager in healthcare financial consulting after starting in audit. Since 2014, Ms. Noble has been on the Board of Directors of Manasquan Bank, currently chairing the Strategic Planning Committee. A founding member and Treasurer of the Val Skinner Foundation since 1999, she has helped raise over $10 million for breast cancer initiatives.

Education:

Ms. Noble graduated from Seton Hall University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting and obtained her license as a Certified Public Account in 1987.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION AND EQUITY OWNERSHIP GUIDELINES

Director Compensation

For 2024, the Company compensated each of the Board members who are not employed by the Company (“Outside Directors”) as detailed below. Ms. Leslie, President and Chief Executive Officer received no fee or common stock award for her services as a member of the Board or the Boards of the Company’s subsidiaries.

The Board committee meeting fees for Outside Directors is $750 cash compensation per Director for each Board committee meeting attended.

Director Compensation Table

The following table details Director compensation for 2024.

*Mr. Doll’s $35,000 cash compensation includes a $10,000 Board Chair fee that Mr. Doll became eligible for upon his becoming a non-executive Chairman effective March 1, 2024.

Director Equity Ownership

Except as noted above with respect to Ms. Leslie, as part of their annual compensation, each Director received Company common stock valued at $45,000. (Mr. Doll received Company common stock valued at $37,485 to reflect the 10 months of 2024 where Mr. Doll served as a non-Executive Director on the Board.) The Board believes that all Directors should maintain a meaningful ownership stake in the Company to underscore the importance of aligning their long-term interests with those of our shareholders. Directors are required to hold common stock valued at least three times the amount of the annual retainer by the fifth anniversary of Board membership. All outside directors met this requirement for 2024.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Key Highlights

Code of Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines

Management of the Company is under the general direction of the Board who are elected by the shareholders. The Company’s business is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the New Jersey Business Corporation Act and our Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws. Members of the Board are kept apprised of our business through discussions with the President & and Chief Executive Officer and other Company Officers, by reviewing briefing materials and other relevant information provided to them, and by participating in meetings of the Board and its Committees.

Code of Business Conduct

Our Company Code of Conduct (the “Code”) includes guidelines of behavior for Board members as well as vendors and suppliers. All Directors and employees were required to review the Code and affirm, with their signature, that they read and understood the provisions of the Code. Employees receive ongoing education about the Code and are advised they have an ongoing obligation to consult with the General Counsel over any question or potential conflict of interest. In addition, the Company has an internal Ethics Hotline where Code violations may be reported by any employee or member of the general public without fear of retaliation.

The Company’s Code, as well as the charters for the Audit, Compensation, Corporate Governance & Nominating, and Pension Committees, are available on our website www.MiddlesexWater.com under the heading Investors - (Governance). We also make this information available in print to any shareholder upon request. Requests should be addressed to Corporate Secretary, Middlesex Water Company, 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, New Jersey 08830-0452.

Board Leadership Structure

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board of Directors periodically review the corporate governance model and functioning of the Board, and the ability of directors to identify and discuss topics of relevant interest or concern. The Board of Directors believes that it should maintain the flexibility to select its chair, and its Board leadership structure, based upon the Board’s operating needs and its assessment of what is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. In 2024, the Company operated with one individual, Mr. Doll, serving as Chairman of the Board and another individual, Ms. Leslie, serving as President and CEO. This structure, coupled with a strong Lead Director and Independent standing Board committees leveraged both Mr. Doll’s and Ms. Leslie’s management experience, and was the appropriate governance structure in 2024.

Lead Director

In order to ensure that the independent Directors play a leading role in our current leadership structure, the Board maintains a Lead Director position with Mr. Walter Reinhard currently serving in that role.

Summary of Lead Director Responsibilities:

As part of our Board’s annual assessment process, the Board evaluates our Board leadership structure to ensure it remains appropriate. The Board recognizes there may be circumstances that would lead it to conclude that separate roles of CEO and Chairman of the Board may not be appropriate, but believes that the absence of a formal policy requiring either the separation or combination of the roles of Chairman and CEO provides the flexibility to determine the most appropriate governance structure, as conditions potentially change in the future.

BOARD COMPOSITION

Board Composition Matrix (As of March 1, 2025)

Board Role In Risk Oversight

The Board as a whole plays an integral role in shaping the Company’s strategy, governance and culture. Another critical responsibility is overseeing our risk exposure as part of determining business strategy that generates long-term shareholder value. Risk Management oversight is a core responsibility of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

Specifically, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for overseeing the process by which significant business and operational risks (including information security risks and risks related to climate change) are identified throughout the enterprise and the strategies developed to mitigate any identified risks. The primary purpose of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in fulfilling its risk management oversight responsibilities is accomplished by (i) assessing and reporting to the Board on the Company’s risk environment, including its material, strategic, and operational risks (including but not limited to the brand and reputation of the Company; the health and safety of the Company’s employees and the business operations of the enterprise); (ii) ensuring that management understands and accepts its responsibility for identifying, assessing, and managing risk; (iii) facilitating management’s strategic focus on the Company’s risk management vision and its evolution; (iv) verifying that the guidelines and policies governing the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken are comprehensive and evolve commensurate with the risk profile of the Company; and (v) reviewing those risks that the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee deems material to the Company’s shareholders. Management retains responsibility for all day-to-day activities of the Company, including administration of the Company’s formal Enterprise Risk Management program. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee updates the Board on risk management activities routinely throughout the year.

Specifically as it relates to cybersecurity, our Board receives regular updates from the Chief Technology Officer on cyber risks and ongoing policies and plans to assess the effectiveness of our information technology and data security processes.

In early 2025, the Board of Directors approved the formation of a new Enterprise Risk Committee to further formalize the Board’s risk oversight management. This new Committee held an initial organizational meeting on March 5, 2025 and is in the process of establishing a new Committee Charter. Further details on the formation of the Enterprise Risk Committee will be provided in the 2026 Proxy Statement.

Director Independence

The Company’s Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Nasdaq listing rules require that a majority of the Company’s Directors be “Independent Directors” as defined by Nasdaq corporate governance standards. “Independent Director” means a person other than an Executive Officer or employee of the Company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the Company’s Board of Directors, could interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a Director. For purposes of this rule, “family member” means a person’s spouse, parents, children and siblings, whether by blood, marriage or adoption, or anyone residing in such person’s home.

As defined by Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, a member of the Board is not independent if the Director:

With the exception of Mr. Doll, who was an Executive Officer of the Company through his retirement on February 29, 2024, and Ms. Leslie, who became President & CEO, effective March 1, 2024, the Board has determined that each member of the Board is independent under the Nasdaq listing standards.

The Board based this determination primarily on a review of the responses of the Directors to a comprehensive annual questionnaire regarding employment and compensation history, affiliations, family and other relationships, together with an examination of those companies with whom the Company transacts business. The Directors certify individually as to their representations.

Disclosure of Family Relationships and Related Party Transactions

The NASDAQ Corporate Standards and the Company’s Code of Conduct require that Directors and Officers avoid having a relationship or arranging for the Company to enter into transactions with an immediate family member whereby the relationship could interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a Director or Officer. In 2024, the Company did not enter into any transaction where an immediate family member of a Director or Officer had a direct or indirect material interest in the transaction.

Board Size

The Board shall consist of not less than five nor more than twelve members in accordance with the Company By-laws.

Board Meetings and Annual Meeting Attendance by Board Members

The frequency and length of Board meetings, as well as agenda items, are determined by the Chairman and Committee Chairs with input from all other Directors. Meeting schedules are approved by the full Board.

The Board holds regularly scheduled meetings and meets on other occasions when required. We expect our Directors to attend each meeting of the Board and of the committees on which they serve. We expect our Directors to attend our Annual Meeting. During 2024, the Board held seven meetings and the Board Committees held fourteen meetings. All Board and Committee meetings had, at a minimum, 99% Director attendance. All of the Directors serving at the time of the May 2024 Annual Meeting attended that meeting.

Executive Sessions

The Independent Directors periodically meet without management in Executive session. The Lead Director is designated to preside at these Executive sessions.

Communications with the Board

Any shareholder wishing to communicate with a Director may do so by contacting the Company’s Corporate Secretary at:

Middlesex Water Company Office of the Corporate Secretary
485C Route 1 South, Suite 400
Iselin, New Jersey 08830

The Corporate Secretary will forward to the Director a written, email or phone communication. The Corporate Secretary has been authorized by the Board to screen frivolous or unlawful communications or commercial advertisements.

Shareholder Proposals

In order to be eligible for inclusion in our proxy materials for our 2025 Annual Meeting, any shareholder proposal must have been received by the Corporate Secretary of the Company, 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, New Jersey 08830 no later than December 14, 2024. No shareholder proposals were received by the Company for the 2025 Annual Meeting.

Advance Notice of Business to be Conducted at the Annual Meeting

Shareholders are entitled to submit proposals on matters appropriate for shareholder action consistent with regulations of the SEC. For business to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a shareholder, the business must be an appropriate matter to be voted by the shareholders at an Annual Meeting and the shareholder must have given proper and timely notice in writing to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, New Jersey 08830-0452.

A shareholder’s notice to the Corporate Secretary must set forth as to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring before the Annual Meeting:

Shareholder Engagement

We welcome the opportunity to engage with our shareholders to share our perspectives on and obtain their feedback on matters of mutual interest. We engage with the shareholders throughout the year to:

How We Engage

We approach shareholder engagement as an integrated, year-round process involving the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and our Investor Relations team. Throughout the year, we had dialogue with analysts, investors and others to inform and share our perspective and to solicit their feedback on our performance. This includes participation in virtual investor conferences, group and one-on-one meetings as well as our virtual annual shareholder meeting. We also share information in our Annual Report and Proxy Statement, press releases, SEC filings, quarterly shareholder letters, on our corporate and transfer agent website as well as in our Corporate Sustainability Report.

Key Themes Discussed in 2024

Risk Management: Managing operational risks including those related to emerging contaminants, cyber threats, climate change and human capital management is critical to business success.

Succession Planning: Recruitment and retention of qualified personnel to staff key leadership and technical positions remains a top priority.

Committees of the Board

The Board maintains standing committees to assist with the performance of its responsibilities. The number, structure and function of Board Committees are reviewed periodically by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. The Committees regularly report to the Board on their deliberations. The Committees also bring to the Board for consideration those matters and decisions which the Committees judge to be of significance and which require full Board approval. The table shown below provides information on Board committee membership for the year 2024.

CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY

The Company continued to make progress in line with our current and long term plans for sustainability. We’re committed to the highest standards of ethical behavior in our workforce and our Board, making prudent investments in aging infrastructure, maintaining public health, safety and economic stability in the communities we serve and serving as a trusted and reliable resource to our customers and communities.   We work to... •   Protect the health and safety of our employees and customers through training, education and emergency planning and preparedness as well as quality water treatment to protect public health •   Make investments in infrastructure which mitigate against climate impact and result in enhanced service delivery, reliability and resiliency •   Uphold good governance practices centered around policies, procedures and best practices •   Support our people and actively engage with the communities we serve   Our Approach We strive to: ✔ Foster accountability through improved alignment around ESG areas and expanded Board and management oversight of ESG risk ✔ Report on metrics and developments that connect to our business strategies and are relevant to stakeholders ✔ Strengthen our organizational frameworks to enhance year over year disclosure ✔ Engage external stakeholders to better understand ESG expectations ✔ Continually improve transparency and disclosure on material topics ✔ Consistently integrate ESG aspects into our decision making and planning ✔ Analyze data collected to effect continual improvement   The Company’s latest Sustainability Report and the ESG section on our website demonstrates an ongoing commitment to continual improvement. It offers an overview of steps we are taking in the areas of governance and compliance, cybersecurity, social impact, belonging and inclusion, environmental stewardship and network resiliency, to better support our people, our environment and the communities we serve. To view our most recent ESG progress highlights, please visit www.middlesexwater.com/environmental-social-and-governance

Sustainability Highlights of 2024

Middlesex (MWC) continued to monitor our environmental footprint while placing public health at the forefront making prudent investments to enhance water quality and support system reliability.

Our approach to employee engagement, safety, training and belonging are critical investments in human capital that help promote an agile and engaged workforce and support the sustainability of our business. We work to serve as a trusted resource to our customers and local governments, build stronger communities through active participation and by providing a solid water delivery framework that drives economic stability, prosperity and quality of life.

Sustainability Highlights of 2024 Continued

The Board maintains overall oversight of the Company’s business strategy while the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee oversees matters related to ESG and overall sustainability including Enterprise Risk Management. We seek to mitigate risks related to environmental impact and climate variability, workforce safety, cybersecurity, and work to actively promote belonging.

Our Approach to Executive Compensation

What We Do

We balance our need to appropriately serve our customers against our need to deliver long-term shareholder value.

We benchmark total compensation to the 50^th percentile of our comparator group.

Earnings Before Income Taxes is the financial metric on which incentive compensation is based for Named Executive Officers (NEOs). Such annual target amount is approved by the Board. Incentive compensation awards to NEOs, other than the CEO, are based 60% on achieving the financial metric and 40% on achievement of operational, service, growth and other non-financial metrics. The CEO’s incentive awards are based 80% on achieving the financial metric and 20% on operational, service, growth and other non-financial metrics.

We believe our incentive compensation program should be simple, transparent and easily understood by shareholders, analysts, regulators and other interested parties. Our incentive compensation program is in the form of a long-term benefit through restricted shares of Common Stock with a three- or five-year cliff-vesting schedule. A modest short-term benefit is provided through the dividends on the awarded restricted Common Stock for the three- or five-year period during which the shares are unvested.

We require our named Executive Officers to beneficially own shares of Common Stock equal in value to a multiple of their base salary. The multiple for our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and all our other named Executive Officers, is 3.0, 1.5, and 1.0, respectively. Each named Executive Officer, and director has until the fifth anniversary of their appointment as an Executive Officer to satisfy the applicable stock ownership requirement.

We regularly review our designated comparator group to ensure our compensation program is properly aligned with the peers whose relative size, operations, regulatory requirements and other relevant characteristics are reasonably comparable to ours.

What We Do Not Do

We do not engage in compensation programs that create undue risk or are difficult to assess how effectively incentive targets were achieved.

We prohibit the pledging of, or hypothecating, or otherwise placing a lien on, any common stock or other equity interest of the company.

Under our “clawback” policy, we do not allow any recipient of previously-awarded restricted Common Stock to retain the amount of such awards, which were based on achievement of financial metrics, that would have been invalidated by a restatement of financial statements..

We do not reprice or buy out unvested restricted Common Stock awards.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and approved the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and has recommended to the Board that it be included in this Proxy Statement.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Note: The Compensation Committee and the full Board continually evaluate our Executive compensation program to ensure it fulfills the key objectives of our Executive compensation philosophy, aligns with key operational and sustainability objectives and serves the overall best interests of our customers and our shareholders.

Introduction

The following Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) provides a detailed description of our Executive compensation objectives, philosophy, practices and programs, as well as how the Compensation Committee determines Executive compensation under those programs to motivate and retain a qualified senior leadership team and to ensure alignment with shareholder value creation. Our CD&A addresses the compensation of our NEOs that was paid, or earned, in 2024. Those NEOs include: 1) Nadine Leslie, President and Chief Executive Officer, 2) Mohammed G. Zerhouni, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, 3) Jay L. Kooper, Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary, 4) Georgia M. Simpson, Vice President - Information Technology and Chief Technology Officer, and 5) Robert K. Fullagar, Vice President - Operations. Given their retirements during 2024, our NEOs also include: 1) Dennis W. Doll, our former President and Chief Executive Officer, and 2) A. Bruce O’Connor, our former Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer.

Executive Summary

Middlesex owns and operates regulated water and wastewater utility systems in New Jersey and Delaware. The Company also operates water and wastewater utility systems under contract on behalf of municipal, industrial and commercial clients. In 2024, we continued to invest in regulated utility infrastructure for the benefit of our customers, worked to enhance safety and the skills of our workforce, made continued progress towards sustainability and built value for our shareholders.

The key components of the Company’s compensation program are designed and modified, as appropriate, to ensure we attract and retain qualified Executive talent and appropriately reward financial and operational performance. We continually strive to maintain a compensation program that provides an adequate balance between shorter- and longer-term operational and financial objectives and related results.

Our 2024 compensation program was benchmarked as to base salaries, incentive compensation and total compensation against the compensation offered by companies in our designated comparator group.

The Company remains committed to a disciplined and balanced approach to meeting the short- and long-term needs of customers, employees and shareholders. Our compensation philosophy is consistent with the Company’s risk management philosophy. The Company’s formal Enterprise Risk Management program seeks to eliminate, mitigate or transfer risk while simultaneously maximizing opportunity for maintaining appropriate service quality for the Company’s customers and shareholders. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has formal responsibility for oversight of the Enterprise Risk Management program in addition to our ESG initiatives. Also, our Compensation Committee oversees the risks related to Executive compensation. The Company’s compensation program seeks to achieve an appropriate balance among all these objectives and therefore, does not encourage or reward inappropriate risk-taking.

Compensation Program Oversight

The Compensation Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the full Board with respect to the compensation of all the Company’s officers. As part of these duties, the Committee:

The Compensation Committee is governed by a formal charter that describes the committee’s scope of authority and responsibility. The Compensation Committee consists of Directors, who are all “independent,” in accordance with Nasdaq requirements. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee evaluates the independence of Committee members at least annually, using standards no less restrictive than those contained in the Nasdaq Global Select listing requirements. This evaluation, and the determination that each member of the Committee is independent, was made most recently in February 2025.

Role of Executives in Compensation Committee Activities

The Executive Officers who serve as a resource to the Compensation Committee are the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Vice President, Human Resources. These Executives provide the Compensation Committee with data regarding market-based compensation philosophy, processes and practices related to human capital management including developing, attracting and retaining personnel, succession planning, company culture and employment practices. This communication assists the Committee in the design and implementation of the Company’s compensation programs. In addition to providing factual information, such as Company-wide performance on relevant measures, these Executive’s articulate management’s views and results on current compensation programs and processes, recommend relevant performance measures to be used for future evaluations and otherwise supply information to assist the Compensation Committee. Additional resources used by the Compensation Committee in their deliberations are provided by independent compensation consultants, as well as by individual committee or other Board members.

The Chief Executive Officer also provides individual performance assessments for the other NEOs, and expresses to the Compensation Committee recommendations for changes in compensation for all officers of the Company, other than herself, based on individual performance. The Compensation Committee periodically communicates directly with independent compensation

consultants, providing such consultants with Company-specific and market- based information. Certain portions of such information may be provided by the Vice President - Human Resources or the Chief Executive Officer, in assisting in the evaluation of the estimated effect on the Company’s results of operations regarding any proposed changes to the various elements of compensation.

An Executive compensation study was last conducted by Aon, an independent firm specializing in Executive compensation, in January 2025 . Executives participate in Committee activities solely in an informational and advisory capacity, and have no vote in the Committee’s decision-making process. The Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President - Human Resources do not attend those portions of Compensation Committee meetings during which their performance is evaluated or their compensation is determined. No Executive Officer other than the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer attends those portions of Compensation Committee meetings during which the performance of the other officers is evaluated or their compensation is determined. In addition, the Compensation Committee meets in Executive session as it considers appropriate.

Use of Consultants

The Compensation Committee periodically engages independent compensation consultants to assist in the compensation process for officers. The consultants are retained by, and report directly to, the Compensation Committee. The Chair of the Compensation Committee serves as the designated primary contact with compensation consultants. The Chief Executive Officer or the Vice President of Human Resources may assist the Chair of the Compensation Committee in providing certain company data to the compensation consultants, when requested to do so by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee places no restrictions on compensation consultants within the scope of contracted services and such consultants are not engaged by management for any purpose. The compensation consultants provide expertise and information about competitive trends in the employment marketplace, including established and emerging compensation practices at other companies both inside and outside the Company’s comparator group. The compensation consultants also provide Proxy Statement and survey data, and assist in assembling relevant companies to be included in the comparator groups. In addition, the compensation consultants also assist in establishing benchmarks for base salary and incentives from the comparator group based on those companies’ proxy statements and from survey data.

Compensation Program Objectives and Philosophy

The methods used to achieve the compensation program objectives for officers are influenced by the compensation and employment practices of a comparator group, as adopted in consultation with the Company’s independent Executive compensation consultant. Other considerations include each officer’s individual performance in achieving both financial and non-financial corporate objectives.

Our program is designed to compensate the officers based on their level of assigned responsibilities, individual experience and performance levels and their knowledge and management of the Company’s operations. The creation of long-term value for shareholders is highly dependent on the development and effective execution by our NEOs of our business strategy.

Factors that influence the design of our Executive compensation program include, among other things, various items listed as follows:

Generally, our compensation program for NEOs includes three components: (1) base salary, (2) an equity-based long-term incentive plan in the form of restricted common stock and (3) perquisites at levels that are competitive in the market place and appropriate for the roles of the NEOs. The incentive- based component of our compensation program is designed to be clear, transparent and understandable to investors and recipients. This is intended to simplify analysis by our shareholders of the relationship of pay to performance as well as to emphasize the critical importance of a long-term focus in the water and wastewater utility industry on financial and operational performance.

Components of Our Compensation Program

The Compensation Committee analyzes the level and relative mix of the elements of Executive compensation by component (base salary and incentives) and in the aggregate as related to total compensation. The Compensation Committee has generally established the 50th percentile of peer comparators and survey data as the target for total compensation. The Compensation Committee generally seeks to undertake a comprehensive review of the Executive compensation program approximately every two years. Based on this analysis, the Compensation Committee reviews, challenges and recommends each NEO’s compensation, subject to approval by the full Board. 

When evaluating the components comprising total compensation, the Compensation Committee considers general market practices and the alignment of incentive awards with strategic objectives and Company operational and financial performance. The Compensation Committee seeks to create appropriate incentives to promote service quality and shareholder value without encouraging behaviors which may result in inappropriate risk taking.

Base Salary: Base salary is designed to provide a reasonable level of predictable compensation commensurate with market standards of the position held. NEOs are eligible for periodic adjustments to their base salary based on these factors. The Compensation Committee reviews and recommends to the Board any base salary changes for NEOs, including the CEO. Adjustments are made for each NEO’s specific experience, responsibilities and performance, estimated value in the marketplace and the Committee’s judgment of each NEO’s contribution to the success of the Company.

Incentives: The Company does not have a formal plan or program that provides for cash for NEOs other than dividends on restricted stock awards not yet vested. The Company’s shareholders approved a long-term incentive plan in the form of restricted Company common stock (the Restricted Stock Plan). Awards under this plan are considered on an annual basis and are based on the achievement of certain financial and operational goals. The ultimate value of the compensation recognized from restricted shares issued is determined as of the date vesting occurs. Generally, the awards issued under the Restricted Stock Plan will have either three- or five-year cliff-vesting from date of award for all shares granted in any individual year. The value of shares awarded in any given year can either increase or decrease between the date of issuance and the the three- or five-year vesting term as the number of shares is fixed at the time of grant. The Restricted Stock Plan provides for accelerated vesting in the case of a retirement. Shares fully vest for retirements occurring on or after age 65 or in the case of a Change In Control. Although the Restricted Stock Plan does not specifically address re-pricing or cash buyouts relative to unvested restricted stock awards, such practices are prohibited as a matter of policy and have never been employed.

Following the three- or five-year period during which the employee held the award prior to vesting, there is no additional holding/retention period for restricted shares that become fully vested. The Company does however have minimum stock ownership and holding requirements. See Stock Ownership and Holding Requirements on page 28.

The Restricted Stock Plan is designed to compensate the NEOs for executing specific financial and non-financial elements of the Company’s business plan. The target award is comprised of a single corporate financial goal, in addition to one or more individual non-financial performance goals. The corporate financial goal, for which incentive compensation was earned for 2024, was Income Before Income Taxes. Separate from this metric, a qualitative assessment of financial performance relative to the company’s peer group is made through an evaluation of the total shareholder return over a 5-year period, as presented as part of the Form 10-K.

The corporate financial goal comprised 60% of the target award for NEOs other than the President and CEO, whose corporate financial goal comprised 80% of his or her target award. The remaining portion of the target award for all NEOs is based upon the level of achievement of individual non-financial performance goals. The non-financial individual performance goals are intended to further incent the NEOs to implement operational, technical, management and other initiatives that benefit the Company’s customers and shareholders, and which require effort and achievement above and beyond what would normally be required as part of the NEO’s base job responsibilities.

The Compensation Committee evaluates the reasonableness of attaining designated incentive goals relative to the importance of such goals to the overall mission and strategies of the Company and the required effort to achieve such goals. The Committee recognizes that some level of calculated risk is required to achieve business objectives that ultimately benefit customers and shareholders. However, the Committee discourages taking risk that, in the judgment of the Board, is inappropriate relative to the expectations of our regulators and shareholders. Delivered performance during the applicable measurement period may exceed, or fall short, of the targets, resulting in the NEO potentially receiving an incentive award that is above or below the initial targeted level. Annual incentive awards granted in prior years are not taken into account by the Compensation Committee in the process of setting performance targets or in evaluating achievements for the current year.

Our policy prohibits any Director, NEO or other officer from buying or selling Company Common Stock without obtaining prior approval from our Corporate Secretary and General Counsel. This policy, as an element of the Company’s Insider Trading Policy, is designed to help assure that the Directors and NEOs will not trade in our securities at a time when they are in possession of material, non-public information. In addition, our formal Insider Trading policy prohibits our Directors and NEOs from hedging the economic risk of stock ownership.

In evaluating actual performance relative to the established corporate financial goal, the Compensation Committee may, at its discretion, exclude individual items that are either additive or deductive which are considered non- recurring in nature. Such items are generally presumed to be infrequent. In addition, the Compensation Committee may increase or decrease a Restricted Stock award based upon additional consideration of a NEO’s performance or achievements during the applicable measurement period.

Insider Trading Policy

Our Business and Strategy

Operational expertise, business continuity planning and dedicated employees are critical to our ability to deliver uninterrupted utility service. Our Company’s strategy is designed to meet the expectations of customers and shareholders for the long term. Infrastructure investments we are making currently under our Water for Tomorrow® infrastructure investment campaign are designed to benefit current and future generations of customers.

Diverse talent we are recruiting today and nurturing through training and professional development become the leaders of tomorrow. We drive accountability across our enterprise through a set of core values that drive daily decision-making. These core values of Respect, Integrity, Growth, Honesty and Teamwork serve as the standards by which our people operate and help ensure an inclusive workplace. We expect our teams to be accountable for upholding these values each and every day as we work to fulfill our mission.

The basic tenets of our strategy for profitability & growth include:

Our 2024 Company Performance

We continue to strive to strengthen our reputation as a trusted service provider to our customers, and as a valued employer, while we work to further enhance value to our shareholders. The results below demonstrate some key accomplishments during the year:

2024 Executive Compensation Analysis and Conclusions

In connection with the market-based analysis of compensation conducted by our independent consultant in the Company’s most recent Executive compensation study, the Company established a long-term incentive target as a percentage of base salary. The respective financial and non-financial long- term award target percentages comprising the total award target percentage for each NEO for 2024 were as follows:

The values of the respective financial and non-financial long-term award targets for each NEO for 2024 performance were as follows:

In order for any NEO to be eligible for any amount of long-term incentive award, the Compensation Committee, and ultimately the full Board, considers a variety of qualitative factors in their overall assessment of the individual and collective performance of the NEOs in addition to the quantitative financial component. Such factors align with the company’s core values. Elements of such values include, but are not limited to:

In its further assessment of the extent to which long-term incentive awards would be made relative to performance, the Compensation Committee evaluated the performance of each respective NEO, based upon the financial and operational metrics below.

The financial target award metric of Income Before Income Taxes, on which the financial target awards were based, was $41.3 million. This target was established to appropriately incentivize the NEOs and was based on known, anticipated and projected operational and financial opportunities and challenges in 2024.

The non-financial target award metrics established for each NEO were as follows:

The Company does not have established threshold or maximum award percentages defined relative to each financial and non-financial metric. There is no implicit expectation that partial awards would be made relative to the Company metric, if the target is not fully achieved. The non-financial award targets are partially qualitative in nature. An element of judgment is applied by the Compensation Committee in assessing the extent to which any individual non-financial target was, or was not achieved. To the extent an award is based on the achievement of such a non-financial metric, the grant of such an award is therefore recommended in the sole judgment and discretion of the Compensation Committee, with the ultimate approval of the full Board.

In the Compensation Committee’s evaluation of the extent to which the financial goal was achieved, it was concluded that there were no non-recurring items that should be considered in the evaluation other than the net positive outcome of certain legal matters. The Compensation Committee further concluded the Company financial incentive target of Income Before Income Taxes had been exceeded in 2024. In addition, the Compensation Committee assessed the extent to which the non-financial incentive goals were met for each NEO. Consequently, the Compensation Committee, and subsequently the full Board, approved the following awards, which represent 118% of the target restricted stock award for each NEO:

(a) Mr. Doll retired from the Company at the end of February 2024. He did not receive restricted stock incentive compensation related to the Company’s 2024 annual compensation cycle.

(b) Mr. O’Connor retired from the Company at the end of June 2024. The Compensation Committee approved a cash incentive award to Mr. O’Connor of $90,000 in recognition of his outstanding contributions in the first half of the year during the transition of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

Broad-based Benefits. NEOs are provided with certain health and welfare benefits available to all qualifying employees of the Company, as well as selected fringe benefits and perquisites, not generally available to all employees of the Company.

The following summarizes the broad-based benefits, available to all qualifying employees, in which the NEOs participate:

Executive Benefits and Perquisites. The NEOs received the following fringe benefits and perquisites:

The Compensation Committee formally reviews all components of Executive compensation on an annual basis, as well as on an interim basis, as deemed necessary.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. Certain members of the Company’s NEOs are eligible to participate in a non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) at the discretion of the Board. A participant, who retires on their normal retirement date, as defined in the SERP, is entitled to an annual retirement benefit of up to 75% of eligible compensation, as defined in the SERP, reduced by the anticipated primary social security benefit, and further reduced by any benefit payable from the Company’s qualified defined benefit pension plan. Further reductions are made for certain retirement benefits from prior employment, where such benefits have accrued.

Offsetting amounts related to Social Security and other benefit plans are calculated similarly for participating NEOs. Generally, a participant is vested in the SERP at ten (10) years of service in the case of retirement, and in the event of a Change in Control, as described further herein. A participant’s right to receive benefits under the SERP commences: 1) upon retirement, 2) to their beneficiary at death or, 3) in connection with a Change in Control upon termination under the circumstances described in the SERP.

Benefits are generally payable upon achieving Normal Retirement, as defined in the SERP, to the participant or the participant’s beneficiary. A reduced benefit may be received upon Early Retirement, as defined in the SERP, after age 62 and before age 65.

The Company is not obligated to set aside or earmark any monies or other assets specifically for the purpose of funding the SERP except that upon a Change in Control, the Company would be obligated to make contributions to a trust anticipated to be sufficient to meet the obligations under the SERP. Absent a Change in Control, benefit payments are in the form of an unfunded general obligation of the Company.

Other Compensation Items. The Compensation Committee may recommend to the full Board that they approve the payment of cash compensation to one or more NEOs, in addition to or in lieu of payments approved during the annual compensation-setting cycle. The Compensation Committee may make such a recommendation if it believes it is appropriate to reward one or more NEOs in recognition of contributions to a particular project or initiative, or in response to customer, competitive or other factors that were not addressed during the recurring annual compensation-setting cycle or, that may have changed since the annual compensation-setting cycle.

Stock Ownership and Holding Requirements

The Company has formal stock ownership and holding requirements for NEOs, to be achieved within five years of being designated a NEO. A formal beneficial Common Stock ownership and holding requirement of 3.0 times base salary is required for the CEO. A beneficial stock ownership and holding requirement of 1.5 times base salary is required for the Chief Financial Officer. A beneficial stock ownership and holding requirement of 1.0 times base salary is required for all other NEOs. Some or all of the shares that are considered beneficial ownership of each NEO may be in the form of unvested restricted stock, to which the Executive does not acquire unrestricted title until such restricted stock awards fully vest.

Employment Agreements. In 2024, the Company entered into employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. The employment agreements for the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer provide each Executive, in the case of termination without cause, payments for accrued but unpaid salary, 30% of the annual long-term equity incentive target, and 18 months of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (“COBRA”) rate in effect. The employment agreement of the Chief Executive Officer provides, in the case of termination without cause, payments for accrued but unpaid salary, 50% of the annual target bonus, 50% of the annual long-term equity incentive target, and 24 months of the COBRA rate in effect. In addition, the Compensation Committee evaluated the performance of the Chief Executive Officer as described above and approved her 2024 annual short term incentive of $390,385 and supplemental equity grant of $250,000 to vest on March 1, 2025. There are no employment agreements for the other NEOs other than agreements providing compensation in conjunction with a Change in Control, as detailed elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. All other NEOs were “at will” employees.

Compensation Committee

Amy B. Mansue, Chair
Joshua Bershad, M.D.
James F. Cosgrove, Jr.
Kim C. Hanemann

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

SCHEDULE A - SUMMARY - ALL OTHER COMPENSATION

The following table details all other compensation earned or accrued for the three years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS*

STOCK VESTED DURING 2024*

The following table details information regarding the vesting of stock awards as of December 31, 2024.

*The Company does not employ the use of stock options.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS

The following table represents outstanding unvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2024.

PENSION BENEFITS

The following table details the present value of accumulated benefits that have accrued under the Company’s DB Plan and the SERP as of December 31, 2024.

(1) NEO does not participate in the DB Plan or the SERP.

(2) NEO does not participate in the SERP.

All employees hired before April 1, 2007, including all the NEOs except for Ms. Leslie, Mr. Zerhouni, Mr. Kooper and Ms. Simpson, who were hired after March 31, 2007, and who receive pay for a minimum of 1,000 hours during the calendar year, are participants in the Company’s DB Plan. Under the noncontributory DB Plan, current service costs are funded annually, as required under Internal Revenue Service guidelines and by the DB Plan. The Company’s annual contribution is determined on an actuarial basis. Benefits are measured from the member’s entry date and accrue to normal retirement date or date of early retirement. Benefits are calculated, at normal retirement, at 1.25% of pay up to the employee’s Social Security benefit integration level, plus 1.9% of such excess pay, multiplied by anticipated total years of service to normal retirement date, capped at 35 years of such excess pay, multiplied by years of service achieved and not to exceed number of years of service achieved at normal retirement date of age 65. Average pay is the highest annual average of total pay during any 5 consecutive years within the 10 calendar-year period prior to normal retirement date. The benefit amounts are not subject to any deduction for Social Security benefits or other offset amounts. The benefits under the SERP are described on page 28 of this Proxy Statement.

Mr. Doll and Mr. O’Connor retired from active employment with Middlesex on February 29, 2024 and June 21, 2024, respectively, and began receiving retirement benefits. Mr. Fullagar is eligible to receive early retirement age benefits under the DB Plan, only in the event of his retirement. If Mr. Fullagar elected to receive early retirement age benefits under the DB Plan, such benefits would be at a reduced level on an actuarial basis, as defined under the DB Plan for any eligible employee who elects early retirement prior to age 62. Ms. Leslie, Mr. Zerhouni, Mr. Kooper, Ms. Simpson and Mr. Fullagar are not participants in the SERP. No lump sum payment of accumulated retirement benefits is provided under the DB Plan or the SERP.

Employees hired after March 31, 2007 are not eligible to participate in the DB Plan, but do participate in a DPS Plan, in lieu of the DB Plan, that provides an annual contribution at the discretion of the Company, based upon a percentage of the participants’ compensation. Ms. Leslie, Mr. Zerhouni, Mr. Kooper and Ms. Simpson are participants in the DPS Plan.

POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON CHANGE IN CONTROL

The Company has Change in Control Agreements with the NEOs. These agreements generally provide that if the Executive is terminated by the Company, other than for death, disability, retirement, for Cause (as defined in the agreement), or if the Executive resigns for Good Reason (as defined in the agreement) within two years after a Change In Control of the Company, also as defined in the agreement, the Executive, other than the Chief Executive Officer, is entitled to receive, (a) a lump sum severance payment equal to two times the Executive’s average annual base salary and targeted annual incentive, as defined in the agreement, for the five years prior to the termination; and (b) continued coverage for two years under any health or welfare plan in which the Executive and the Executive’s dependents were participating. The Chief Executive Officer is entitled to receive (a) a lump sum severance payment equal to three times the Executive’s annual base salary and incentive compensation at the time of termination, as defined in the agreement; and (b) continued coverage for three years under any health or welfare plan in which the Executive and the Executive’s dependents were participating. The Company has no non-Change in Control severance arrangements other than the employment agreements with certain Executives disclosed in the 2024 Compensation & Discussion Analysis section. The benefits under any health or welfare benefit plan could end earlier (i) if the Executive becomes covered by a new employer’s health and welfare benefit plan, or (ii) the date the Executive becomes eligible for Medicare. Also, coverage for the Executive’s dependents could end earlier than any of these dates if required by the health or welfare benefit plan due to age eligibility.

In addition to the benefits to be paid to the Executive as noted above, if there is a separation from service under the terms of the Change in Control agreement on or before the second anniversary of the Change in Control, the Company shall pay the Executive any deferred compensation, including, but not limited to, deferred bonuses allocated or credited to the Executive as of the date of termination. Also, any outstanding restricted stock grants awarded to the Executive under the Company’s stock plans, which are not vested on termination, shall immediately vest.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Executive leaves the Company’s employ under the terms of a Change In Control agreement, then, at the Executive’s sole option, the Executive may elect to receive a reduced benefit equal to 75% of the Executive’s eligible Compensation (and in some cases, 50% of Compensation) reduced by certain other benefits as prorated and as set forth in the SERP, to commence within 60 days of separation of employment. The following table indicates the potential value the NEOs would receive in connection with termination by the Company within two years after a Change in Control of the Company. All scenarios use December 31, 2024, the last business day of the Company’s most recent fiscal year, as the date for the triggering event set forth in the schedule. Additionally, the potential values to each of the NEOs also include the present value of accumulated benefits under the SERP assuming that each NEO made an election to receive such benefits within sixty days after the Executive terminates employment with the Company or its successor.

PAY FOR PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

As discussed in the CD&A above, our Compensation Committee has implemented an Executive compensation program designed to link a substantial portion of our NEO’s realized compensation to the achievement of our strategic financial, operational and strategic objectives, and to align our Executive pay with changes in the value of our shareholders’ investments. The following table sets forth additional compensation information for our NEOs, calculated in accordance with SEC regulations, for fiscal years 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Calculation of Compensation Actually Paid to CEO

Calculation of Compensation Actually Paid to non-CEO NEOs

As largely a regulated water and wastewater utility company, achieving returns on average common equity at levels authorized by our economic regulators is an important financial measure. When combined with the financial performance of our non-regulated contract operations business, we achieved a consolidated return on average common equity in 2024 of 10.2%.

The net income we derive from our regulated water utility business is somewhat weather-dependent as related to revenue from outdoor irrigation in the spring and summer months. In addition, income we derive from the sale of water to municipal contract customers is dependent on whatever weather and/or other operational anomalies

such contract customers may experience from year-to-year. Our ability to manage our water supplies, provide treatment to such supplies in sufficient quantity and quality, combined with our ability to manage and control operation and maintenance expenses, are key drivers of net income and therefore, of our ability to generate net income as an important element of shareholder return.

TSR, on an absolute basis and in comparison to that of our peer group, is an important measure of our ability to deliver shareholder value. We view our focus on bottom line financial results combined with common stock dividends as important drivers of total shareholder return.

We conclude that the 2024 results related to the three aforementioned important financial measures are relevant to the compensation paid to our CEO and the other NEOs for 2024. Other non-financial measures also used in determining Executive compensation for 2024, can be found in the CD&A.

Relationship between Pay and Performance

Below are graphs showing the relationship of Compensation Actually Paid (CAP) to our CEO and other NEOs in 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

(1) TSR of both Middlesex and the Peer Group, (2) Middlesex’s net income and (3) Middlesex’s Income Before Income Taxes.

CAP, as required under SEC rules, reflects adjusted values to unvested and vested equity awards during the years shown in the table based on year-end stock prices, various accounting valuation assumptions, and projected performance modifiers but does not reflect actual amounts paid out for those awards. CAP generally fluctuates due to stock price achievement and varying levels of projected and actual achievement of performance goals. For a discussion of how our Compensation Committee assessed Middlesex’s performance and our NEOs’ pay each year, see the CD&A in the Proxy Statement for each respective year in the comparison.

PROPOSAL 2

NON-BINDING PROPOSAL TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Section 14A of the Exchange Act, as amended by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the “Dodd-Frank Act,” enables our shareholders to vote to approve, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the compensation of our NEOs as disclosed in this Proxy Statement in accordance with the SEC’s rules. As previously disclosed, the Board has determined that it will hold an advisory vote on the compensation of our NEOs on an annual basis. The Compensation of our NEOs is described in the CD&A, the compensation tables and the accompanying narrative on pages 23-32 of this Proxy Statement.

The Compensation Committee of the Board is responsible for making recommendations to the full Board with respect to the compensation of the NEOs, including the CEO. As part of these duties, the Compensation Committee administers the Company’s equity-based incentive compensation plan and conducts an annual performance review of the CEO and, in consultation with the CEO, reviews the performance of the other NEOs. The Board has ultimate authority to determine the compensation of all NEOs, including the CEO.

The overall objectives of the Company’s compensation program are to retain, motivate, and reward employees and officers (including the NEOs) for short- and long-term performance, and to provide competitive compensation to attract appropriate talent to the Company. The methods used to achieve these goals for NEOs are influenced by the compensation and employment practices of our peers and competitors within the utilities industry, and elsewhere in the marketplace, for Executive talent. Other considerations include each NEO’s individual performance in achieving both financial and non-financial corporate goals.

Based on its review of the total compensation of our NEOs for fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee believes that the total compensation for each of the NEOs is reasonable and effectively achieves the objective of aligning compensation with performance measures directly related to our financial goals and creation of shareholder value without encouraging NEOs to take unnecessary or excessive risks.

The CD&A section of this Proxy Statement and the accompanying tables and narrative provide a comprehensive review of NEO compensation objectives, program and rationale. We urge you to read this disclosure before voting on this proposal, the approval of which is included as Proposal 2 in this Proxy Statement. This advisory vote, which is required under Section 14A of the Exchange Act (as amended by the Dodd-Frank Act), is typically referred to as a “say-on-pay” vote. The frequency of the “say-on-pay” vote is one year as last voted on by the shareholders in 2023. The next frequency of the “say-on-pay” vote is next scheduled for 2029.

For the reasons stated above, the Board is requesting your non-binding approval of the compensation of NEOs, as disclosed in the CD&A, the compensation tables and the accompanying narrative on pages 23-32 of this Proxy Statement.

Your vote on this proposal will be non-binding and will not be construed as overruling a decision by the Board. Your vote will not create or imply any change to fiduciary duties or create or imply any additional fiduciary duties for the Board. However, the Board values the opinions that our shareholders express in their votes and will take the outcome of the vote into account when making future Executive compensation decisions.

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Company’s Audit Committee is comprised of independent directors, all of whom meet the qualifications required by the Nasdaq Stock Exchange and Securities U.S. Securities and Exchange Committee. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors that is available on the Company’s website, MiddlesexWater.com

Management is responsible for the Company’s internal controls, financial reporting processes and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Baker Tilly US, LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for 2024, was responsible for performing an independent audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and for issuing a report of their opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with management and Baker Tilly US, LLP the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, and internal control over financial reporting, for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Audit Committee also received a report from Baker Tilly US, LLP regarding matters required to be discussed under the rules adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (‘‘PCAOB’’). The Audit Committee has received the written disclosures and the letter from Baker Tilly US, LLP, required by the PCAOB, regarding their communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with Baker Tilly US, LLP their independence.

Based on the above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board Directors that the Company’s audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The members of the Audit Committee issuing this report were:

Steven M. Klein, Chair
Joshua Bershad
Amy Mansue
Vaugh L. McKoy
Ann L. Noble

PROPOSAL 3

RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The shares represented by the proxies will be voted for ratification of the appointment by the Audit Committee of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm, to issue a report to the Board and shareholders on our financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2025.

Although submission of the appointment of an independent registered public accounting firm to shareholders for ratification is not required by law or regulation, the Board is submitting the selection of an independent registered public accounting firm for shareholder ratification. The Audit Committee is solely responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm. Representatives of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP are expected to participate in the Annual Meeting and will be afforded an opportunity to make a statement, if they so desire, and to respond to appropriate questions.

The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by shareholders in person or represented by proxy, at the Annual Meeting is required for the approval of this Proposal. The Board has not determined what action it would take if the shareholders do not approve the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, but may reconsider the selection if the shareholders’ action so warrants. Even if the selection is ratified, the Audit Committee, exercising its own discretion, may select different auditors at any time during the year if it determines that such a change would be in the Company’s best interests and in the best interests of shareholders.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FEES

Baker Tilly US, LLP was previously approved and appointed by the Audit Committee as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The aggregate fees billed to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by Baker Tilly US, LLP are as follows:

The Audit Committee has established an approval policy for all recurring audit services and all other permitted services to be performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. Recurring audit services include annual audits of the Company’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, and reviews of the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Recurring audit services require the pre-approval of the Audit Committee. All other permitted services with fees less than $50,000, individually and in the aggregate, are subject to the pre-approval of the Audit Committee Chair, with subsequent ratification by the Audit Committee.

CHANGE IN INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

In October 2024, the Audit Committee began a competitive selection process to determine the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The Audit Committee invited several public accounting firms to participate in this process. As a result of that process, on February 28, 2025, the Committee dismissed Baker Tilly US, LLP (“Baker Tilly”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm effective March 3, 2025.

The audit reports of Baker Tilly on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principle. The audit report of Baker Tilly on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 indicated the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, because of the effect of the material weaknesses, described below.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the subsequent interim period from January 1, 2025 through March 3, 2025, there were no disagreements as described under Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K with Baker Tilly on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Baker Tilly, would have caused Baker Tilly to make reference to the subject matter thereof in connection with its reports on the financial statements of the Company for such years.

In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no reportable events as described under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K, other than the material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as reported in Item 9A of Part II of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 29, 2024, related to (i) ineffective information technology general controls in the areas of user access and change management over certain information technology systems that supports the Company’s financial reporting; and (ii) ineffective controls related to income tax accounting for a non-routine transaction. The Company remediated the material weaknesses in the third quarter of 2024.

The Company has provided Baker Tilly with a copy of the foregoing disclosures and requested that Baker Tilly furnish it with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not it agrees with the statements made herein. A copy of Baker Tilly’s letter, dated March 3, 2025, is filed as Exhibit 99.1 to a Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed with the SEC on March 4, 2025.

As a result of the competitive process noted above, on February 28, 2025, the Audit Committee approved the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2025, subject to PwC’s completion of its standard client acceptance procedures.

During the two years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the subsequent interim period from January 1, 2025 through March 3, 2025, neither the Company nor anyone acting on its behalf has consulted with PwC with respect to (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to us by PwC that was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; (ii) any matter that was the subject of a disagreement as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K of Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the related instructions thereof; or (iii) a reportable event as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP AND OTHER MATTERS

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF DIRECTORS, MANAGEMENT AND CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS

The following table sets forth as of March 25, 2025, the number of shares of Middlesex common stock beneficially owned by the elected Directors, Executive Officers named in the table appearing under Executive Compensation, and all elected Directors and Executive Officers as a group. All individual elected Directors and Executive Officers owned less than 1.32% of the shares outstanding on March 25, 2025.

Section 16(A) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Officers and Directors, and certain beneficial owners of the Company’s equity securities are required to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC on specified due dates. Based solely on a review of the copies of these reports furnished to us, we believe that all filing requirements applicable to such Officers and Directors (we are not aware of any five percent holder required to file reports under Section 16) were met during 2024, other than the following: During 2024, the Company filed one Form 4 on behalf of Ms. Leslie and one Form 4 on behalf of Mr. Doll after the relevant deadlines.

Other Security Holders

The following table sets forth as of March 25, 2025, certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock by each person or group we know to beneficially own more than five percent of the outstanding shares of such stock.

(1) This information is based on a Schedule 13G Combined filed with the SEC on February 5, 2025.

(2) This information is based on a Schedule 13G Combined filed with the SEC on February 13, 2024.

(3) This information is based on a Schedule 13G Combined filed with the SEC on November 14, 2024.

OTHER MATTERS

The Board does not intend to bring any other matters before the Annual Meeting and has no reason to believe any will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting. If, however, other matters properly do come before the Annual Meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote in their discretion on such matters.

Electronic Access to Proxy Materials and Annual Reports

Our Proxy Statement and Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com. Paper copies of these documents may be requested by contacting our Corporate Secretary in writing at the Office of the Corporate Secretary, Middlesex Water Company, 485C Route 1 South, Suite 400, Iselin, New Jersey 08830. The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and files an Annual Report on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additional copies of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed by the Company, including the financial statement and schedules, but without exhibits, can be mailed without charge to any shareholders. The exhibits are obtainable from the company upon payment of the reasonable cost of copying such exhibits.

485C ROUTE 1 SOUTH SUITE 400 ISELIN, NJ 08830 SCAN TO VIEW MATERIALS & VOTE VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com or scan the QR Barcode above Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information. Vote by 11:59 P.M. ET on 05/19/2025. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. During The Meeting - Go to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSEX2025 You may attend the meeting via the Internet and vote during the meeting. Have the information that is printed in the box marked by the arrow available and follow the instructions. VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions. Vote by 11:59 P.M. ET on 05/19/2025. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions. VOTE BY MAIL Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED. KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following: For Withhold For All All All Except To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below. 1. Election of Directors Nominees 0 0 0 01) Steven M. Klein 02) Amy B. Mansue 03) Walter G. Reinhard The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following proposals: For Against Abstain 2. To approve a non-binding advisory vote to approve named executive officer compensation. 3. To ratify the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. NOTE: We may also transact such other business that may properly come before the meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof. Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] Date Signature (Joint Owners) Date

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting: The Notice and Proxy Statement and Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com MIDDLESEX WATER COMPANY Annual Meeting of Shareholders May 20, 2025 11:00 AM EDT This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors The shareholder(s) hereby appoint(s) Joshua Bershad, M.D. and Vaughn L. McKoy, or either of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his/her substitute, and hereby authorize(s) them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot, all of the shares of Common Stock of Middlesex Water Company that the shareholder(s) is/are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/MSEX2025 at 11:00 a.m., on May 20, 2025, and any adjournment or postponement thereof. THIS PROXY, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED AS DIRECTED BY THE SHAREHOLDER(S). IF NO SUCH DIRECTIONS ARE MADE, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED FOR THE ELECTION OF THE NOMINEES LISTED ON THE REVERSE SIDE FOR THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS; FOR THE APPROVAL, BY NON-BINDING VOTE, OF THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS; AND FOR RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. Continued and to be signed on reverse side