SEC Form DEF 14A filed by Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

July 15, 2024

Dear Fellow Shareholders:

On behalf of the Board of Directors of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company” or “Milestone”), I want to take this opportunity to invite you to attend our 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Meeting”). The Meeting will be held at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on Wednesday, August 28, 2024. During the Meeting, registered shareholders and duly appointed proxyholders will vote on the proposals set forth in the Notice of Annual Meeting and the accompanying management proxy circular and proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”), as well as receive a report on the progress of the Company. For those shareholders who have previously provided instructions to receive paper copies of our proxy materials, a paper copy will be sent to you in addition to a Notice Regarding Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”). The Meeting will take place via a virtual meeting portal through which you can listen to the Meeting, submit questions and vote online. You will not be able to attend the Meeting in person.

We are providing access to our proxy materials, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, in a fast and efficient manner via the Internet to all shareholders of record as of July 9, 2024, and will post our proxy materials on the website referenced in the Notice (www.envisionreports.com/milestone2024). As more fully described in the Notice, all shareholders may choose to access our proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice or may request to receive a printed set of our proxy materials. In addition, the Notice and website will provide information regarding how you may request to receive proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically by email on an ongoing basis.

Your vote at the Meeting is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the Meeting, we hope you will vote as soon as possible. You will find voting instructions in the Notice, the Proxy Statement and on the Proxy Card. You may vote prior to the Meeting, via the Internet, by telephone or by mail, or at the Meeting via the online virtual meeting platform. Alternatively, if you requested a printed copy of the proxy materials by mail, or if we elect to subsequently send you a paper Proxy Card, you may mark, date, sign and mail the Proxy Card in the envelope provided.

We appreciate your continued ownership of Milestone shares and your support.

MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420,
Montréal, Québec, Canada H4M 2X6

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

July 15, 2024

To the Shareholders of
Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.:

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting” or the “Meeting”) of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the province of Québec (the “Company” or “Milestone”), will be held on Wednesday, August 28, 2024, at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time. The Meeting will take place via a virtual meeting portal through which registered shareholders and duly appointed proxyholderscan listen to the Meeting, submit questions and vote online. The Meeting can be accessed by visiting https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5. The Annual Meeting is being held virtually to enable greater participation by shareholders, and all shareholders, regardless of geographic location and equity ownership, will have an equal opportunity to participate. You will not be able to attend the Meeting in person.

The purpose of the Annual Meeting will be the following:

The record date for the Meeting is July 9, 2024 (the “Record Date”). Only registered shareholders at the close of business on the Record Date will be entitled to notice of and to vote during the Annual Meeting via the virtual meeting platform or by proxy.

We are providing access to our proxy materials, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, to all shareholders of record as of the Record Date, in a fast and efficient manner via the Internet. On or around July 19, 2024, we will begin mailing a Notice Regarding Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”), to all shareholders of record as of the Record Date, and post our proxy materials on the website referenced in the Notice (www.envisionreports.com/milestone2024). As more fully described in the Notice, all shareholders may choose to access our proxy materials free of charge on the website referred to in the Notice or may request to receive a printed set of our proxy materials free of charge. These materials will remain available on the website through the conclusion of the Annual Meeting. In addition, the Notice and website provide information regarding how you may request to receive proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically by email on an ongoing basis. For those shareholders who have previously provided instructions to receive paper copies of our proxy materials, a paper copy will be sent to you in addition to the Notice. The management proxy circular and proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) that accompanies this Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders contains additional information regarding the proposals to be considered at the Annual Meeting, and shareholders are encouraged to read it in its entirety.

Shareholders are invited to attend the Annual Meeting via our virtual meeting platform and are urged to vote on the matters before the Meeting by proxy (whether by mail, phone or the Internet). Registered shareholders who are unable to attend the Annual Meeting via our virtual meeting platform are requested to vote via the Internet prior to the Annual Meeting, by going to www.investorvote.com and following the instructions on the website, or vote by calling toll free 1-866-732-8683 on a touch tone telephone and following the instructions provided by “Vote Voice.” You will need to refer to the Proxy Card and to your 15-digit control number provided on the Notice or Proxy Card. Alternatively, if you received a printed copy of the proxy materials by mail, or if we subsequently elect to send you a paper Proxy Card, you may vote by mail by completing, dating and signing the Proxy Card and sending it to Computershare Investor Services Inc., 100 University Ave, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1.

Beneficial owners of shares helds through a broker, bank, or other agent, should have received a voting instruction form with these proxy materials from that organization rather than from Milestone. Beneficial owners should simply complete and mail the voting instruction form in accordance with the instructions in that form to ensure that their vote is counted. Alternatively, they may vote by telephone or over the Internet by following the instructions provided by their broker, bank or other nominee if such alternative is provided. Beneficial owners should provide their voting instructions to their broker, bank or nominee sufficiently in advance of the Annual Meeting to enable their broker, bank or nominee to act upon them and in accordance with the instructions provided by their broker, bank, or other agent.

For your vote to be effective, your voting instructions must be received by Computershare Investor Services Inc. (“Computershare”) not later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on Monday, August 26, 2024, or, in the case of any adjournment of the Annual Meeting, not less than 48 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays, prior to the time of the rescheduled meeting. The Company’s Board of Directors may, at its discretion, accept late proxies or waive the time limit for deposit of proxies, but is under no obligation to accept or reject any late proxy. If you have voted by proxy using the Proxy Card, via fax or the Internet prior to the Annual Meeting or by telephone, any subsequent vote by proxy through any of these methods will cancel any other proxy you may have previously submitted in connection with the Annual Meeting, and only the latest dated proxy received prior to the deadline will be counted.

Dated: July 15, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420
Montréal, Québec, Canada H4M 2X6

MANAGEMENT PROXY CIRCULAR AND PROXY STATEMENT

July 15, 2024

2024 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 28, 2024

This Management Proxy Circular and Proxy Statement (“Proxy Statement”) contains information about the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the province of Québec (the “Company” or “Milestone”). The meeting will be held on Wednesday, August 28, 2024, at 11:00 a.m., Eastern Time, (such meeting, and any adjournments or postponements thereof the “Annual Meeting” or the “Meeting”), for the purposes set forth in this Proxy Statement and in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Meeting will take place via a virtual meeting portal through which you can listen to the Meeting, submit questions and vote online. The Meeting can be accessed by visiting https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5. You will not be able to attend the Meeting in person.

In this document, the words “Milestone,” “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer only to Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. and not to any other person or entity. References to “US$” or “$” are to United States dollars. Unless otherwise indicated, the statistical and financial data contained in this Proxy Statement are as of March 31, 2024.

We are providing you with this Proxy Statement and related materials in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our management. See “Proxy Solicitation” below for additional information.

We are providing access to our proxy materials, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, in a fast and efficient manner via the Internet. On or around July 19, 2024, we will begin mailing a Notice Regarding Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) to all shareholders of record as of the Record Date and post our proxy materials on the website referenced in the Notice (www.envisionreports.com/milestone2024). As more fully described in the Notice, all shareholders may choose to access our proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice or may request to receive a printed set of our proxy materials. In addition, the Notice and website will provide information regarding how you may request to receive proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically by email on an ongoing basis. For those shareholders who have previously provided instructions to receive paper copies of our proxy materials, a paper copy will be sent to you in addition to the Notice. All properly executed written proxies, and all properly completed proxies submitted by mail, facsimile or telephone or via the Internet, which are delivered pursuant to, and which appoint Joseph Oliveto and Amit Hasija as proxyholders in accordance with, this solicitation will be voted at the Meeting in accordance with the directions given in the proxy, unless the proxy is revoked prior to completion of voting at the Meeting.

ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF MILESTONE SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS

We are pleased to offer to our shareholders the benefits and convenience of electronic delivery of Annual Meeting materials, including:

We encourage you to conserve natural resources and to reduce printing and mailing costs by signing up for electronic delivery of Milestone shareholder communications.

If you are a registered shareholder or a beneficial owner of common shares of the Company, or if a broker or other nominee holds your Milestone common shares, and you would like to sign up for electronic delivery, please visit www.investorcentre.com and enter the information requested to enroll. Your electronic delivery enrollment will be effective until you cancel it. If you have questions about electronic delivery, please call Milestone Investor Relations at (514) 336-0444 or send an email to [email protected].

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE
ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON AUGUST 28, 2024

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report”) is available on the Internet at our website at www.milestonepharma.com, through the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) at www.sedar.com or through the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s electronic data system called EDGAR at www.sec.gov. To request a printed copy of our Annual Report, which we will provide to you without charge, either write to Milestone Investor Relations at Milestone Pharmaceutics Inc., 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420 Montréal, Québec, Canada H4M 2X6, or send an email to Milestone Investor Relations at [email protected].

This Proxy Statement and the Annual Report are available to registered shareholders at: www.envisionreports.com/milestone2024.

This Proxy Statement contains information regarding, among other things:

Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, please promptly provide your voting instructions.

Your promptness in voting will assist in the expeditious and orderly processing of the proxies and in ensuring that a quorum is present. If you want to revoke your instructions at a later time prior to the vote for any reason, you may do so in the manner described in this Proxy Statement.

PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information related to topics discussed in this proxy statement. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider, and you should read this entire proxy statement carefully before voting.

Virtual Annual Meeting Information

How to Vote if You are a Shareholder of Record

By Internet (prior to the Annual Meeting)	By Telephone	By Mailing your Proxy Card
Visit 24/7 www.investorvote.com	Dial toll-free 24/7 1-866-732-8683	Cast your ballot, sign your proxy card and send by free post
Visit www.investorvote.com and have available the control number included on your Proxy Card. Your internet vote must be received by August 26, 2024 at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or if the Annual Meeting is adjourned or postponed at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the rescheduled time of the Meeting.	Dial toll-1-866-732-8683 using a touch-tone phone and follow the recorded instructions. You will be asked to provide the control number from the enclosed Proxy Card. Your telephone vote must be received by August 26, 2024 at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or if the Annual Meeting is adjourned or postponed at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the rescheduled time of the Meeting.	Complete, sign and date the enclosed Proxy Card and return it in the envelope provided early enough for it to be received by August 26, 2024 at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or if the Annual Meeting is adjourned or postponed at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the rescheduled time of the Meeting.

If you are a beneficial owner of shares registered in the name of your broker, bank, or other agent, you should have received a Notice (as defined below) from that organization rather than from Milestone. Simply complete and mail the voting instruction form in accordance with the instructions on that form to ensure that your vote is counted. Alternatively, you may vote over the Internet as instructed by your broker or bank. Beneficial owners should provide their voting instructions to their broker, bank or nominee sufficiently in advance of the Annual Meeting and in accordance with the voting instructions provided by their broker, bank or other nominee. To vote virtually at the Annual Meeting, you must:

A beneficial owner may appoint themselves as proxyholder in one of the following ways:

If you are a shareholder or beneficial owner who has registered to attend the Annual Meeting online:

Cast Your Vote Right Away

Governance Highlights

We are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices and continuing to build on our success and long-term shareholder value. The highlight of our corporate governance practices include the following:

Nominees for Director

The names of the nominees for directors and certain information about each individual as of June 30, 2024, unless noted otherwise, are set forth below:

Shareholder Engagement

Commitment to Ongoing Shareholder Engagement

Milestone is committed to having regular and meaningful engagement with our shareholders in order to obtain their insight and perspectives on our strategy, research & development, commercialization, operations, executive compensation, corporate governance and other issues that are important to them. Feedback from our shareholders informs our Board’s and management team’s approach to making strategic decisions that are in the best interests of the Company and all investors. This collaborative relationship is a key part of our philosophy and we will continue to seek opportunities to maintain a dialogue with our shareholders.

Throughout the year, we regularly participate in healthcare conferences and other public events, where we also meet with shareholders and analysts to share our perspectives and to solicit their feedback on our performance. Feedback and ideas received from these events and meetings are shared with our Board on an ongoing basis.

Our responsibility to shareholders is one of our core values. The Board and management team prioritize building and maintaining meaningful relationships with our shareholders, including learning and understanding their viewpoints. We encourage our shareholders to communicate with us to let us know their thoughts about Milestone or to bring a particular matter to our attention. Our Board has created a process for anyone to communicate directly with our Board, any committee of the Board, the non-employee directors of the Board collectively or any individual director, including our Board Chair. Any interested party wishing to contact our Board may do so in writing by sending a letter to Milestone Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4M 2X6, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

Engagement Program

The Company maintains a robust shareholder engagement program that is designed to have several touchpoints throughout the year in order to create multiple opportunities to solicit feedback on topics of importance to shareholders:

The Company frequently updates its shareholders and analysts on key developments in drug R&D, commercialization strategy, approvals and other milestones through webcasts.

QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE PROXY MATERIALS AND VOTING

Why did I receive a notice regarding the availability of proxy materials on the internet?

Pursuant to rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials over the internet. Accordingly, we have sent you a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) because the Board of Directors of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (sometimes referred to as the “Company” or “Milestone”) is soliciting your proxy to vote at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, including at any adjournments or postponements of the meeting. All registered shareholders will have the ability to access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice or request to receive a printed set of the proxy materials. Instructions on how to access the proxy materials over the internet or to request a printed copy may be found in the Notice.

We intend to mail the Notice on or about July 19, 2024 to all shareholders of record entitled to vote at the annual meeting.

Will I receive any other proxy materials by mail?

We may send you a proxy card, along with a second Notice, on or after July 29, 2024.

How do I attend the Annual Meeting?

The meeting will be held on Wednesday, August 28, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Shareholders can attend the Meeting via our virtual meeting platform through which you can listen to the Meeting. The Meeting will take place via a virtual meeting portal through which you can listen to the Meeting, submit questions and vote online. The Meeting can be accessed by visiting https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5. If you follow the instructions on how to vote during the Annual Meeting below, you will also be able to submit questions and vote online.

Whether or not you participate in the annual meeting, it is important that you vote your shares.

We encourage you to access the annual meeting before it begins. Online check-in will start approximately 30 minutes before the meeting on August 28, 2024. You will not be able to attend the Meeting in person.

Will a list of registered shareholders as of the record date be available?

For the ten days ending the day prior to the annual meeting, a list of our registered shareholders as of the close of business on the record date will be available for examination by any shareholder of record for a legally valid purpose at our corporate headquarters during regular business hours. To access the list of registered shareholders beginning August 17, 2024 and until the meeting, shareholders should email [email protected].

What if I need technical assistance accessing or participating in the virtual Annual Meeting?

If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting platform during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual meeting platform log in page.

Can I ask questions at the Annual Meeting?

Only registered shareholders as of the record date for the Annual Meeting and their proxy holders may submit questions or comments at the Annual Meeting. If you would like to submit a question, you may do so by joining the virtual Annual Meeting at https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5 and typing your question in the box in the Annual Meeting portal.

To help ensure that we have a productive and efficient meeting, and in fairness to all shareholders in attendance, you will also find posted our rules of conduct for the Annual Meeting when you log in prior to its start. In accordance with the rules of conduct, we ask that you limit your remarks to a brief question or comment that is relevant to the Annual Meeting or our business and that remarks are respectful of your fellow shareholders and meeting participants. Questions may be grouped by topic by our management with a representative question read aloud and answered. In addition, questions may be ruled as out of order if they are, among other things, irrelevant to our business, disorderly, repetitious of statements already made, or in furtherance of the speaker’s own personal, political or business interests. Questions will be addressed in the question and answer portion of the Annual Meeting.

Who can vote at the Annual Meeting?

Each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each common share owned as of the close of business on July 9, 2024, the record date for the purpose of determining holders of common shares entitled to receive notice of and to vote during the Meeting.

As of the Record Date, 53,269,565 common shares were issued and outstanding and entitled to be voted during the Meeting. See the section entitled “Authorized Share Capital” in the Certificat de refonte (which, in English, means “Certificate of consolidation”) filed by the Company on May 14, 2019 on SEDAR at www.sedar.com for details regarding the terms of the Company’s class of common shares and class of preferred shares.

Shareholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

If on the Record Date your shares were registered directly in your name with Milestone’s transfer agent, Computershare, then you are a shareholder of record. As a shareholder of record, you may vote online at the meeting by visiting https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5 and entering the 15-digit control number provided on the Notice or Proxy Card or vote by proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, we urge you to fill out and return vote by proxy over the telephone, vote by proxy through the internet or vote by proxy using a Proxy Card that you may request or that we may elect to deliver at a later time to ensure your vote is counted by August 26, 2024 at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or if the Annual Meeting is adjourned or postponed at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the rescheduled time of the Meeting.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker or Bank

If on the Record Date your shares were held, not in your name, but rather in an account at a brokerage firm, bank or other similar organization, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and the Notice is being forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered to be the shareholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annua Meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other agent regarding how to vote the shares in your account. You are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting. You may access the meeting as a guest by visiting https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5. However, as a guest you will not be able to submit questions or vote at the meeting. In order to submit questions and vote at the meeting you must:

What if I cannot find my control number?

Please note that if you do not have your 15-digit control number and you are a registered shareholder, operators at 1-800-564-6253 will be able to provide your control number to you.

If you are a beneficial owner you will receive a control number from Computershare upon registering to attend the meeting after you have appointed yourself as your proxyholder.

What decisions will the shareholders be making at the Meeting?

You will be asked to vote on each of the following proposals:

The Board recommends that you vote FOR each of Proposal No. 1 and Proposal No.2.

In addition, you may be asked to vote in respect of any other matters that may properly be brought before the Meeting. As of the date of this Proxy Statement, the Board is not aware of any such other matters.

What if another matter is properly brought before the meeting?

The Board of Directors knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on those matters in accordance with their best judgment.

How do I vote?

The voting process is different depending on whether you are a record or beneficial owner:

Beneficial owners

If you are a beneficial owner, your broker, bank, or other agent will send you a voting instruction form. This form will instruct the broker, bank, or other agent how to vote your common shares at the Meeting on your behalf. You should carefully follow the instructions provided by the broker, bank, or other agent (including with respect to applicable timelines for providing voting instructions, which may be different from those described in this Proxy Statement) and contact the broker, bank, or other agent promptly if you need help. The Company will pay for intermediaries to forward proxy materials to beneficial owners, including objecting beneficial owners. Please mark your voting instructions on the voting instruction form provided by the broker, bank, or other agent, sign it, and return it as instructed by your broker, bank, or other agent. Your broker, bank, or other agent may have also provided you with the option of voting by telephone or fax or via the Internet prior to the Meeting. Your broker, bank, or other agent must receive your voting instructions in sufficient time for your broker, bank, or other agent to act on them prior to the deadline for the deposit of proxies of 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on Monday, August 26, 2024, or, in the case of any adjournment of the Meeting, not less than 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the rescheduled Meeting.

If you wish to vote at the Meeting, you must:

 A beneficial owner may appoint themselves as proxyholder in one of the following ways:

In order to vote online during the Annual Meeting you must visit https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5 and enter the 15-digit control number provided to you by Computershare upon registering to attend the meeting after you have appointed yourself as your proxyholder.

Beneficial owners who have not been appointed as proxyholder or who have not registered with Computershare prior to the Meeting may nevertheless attend the Meeting by clicking “I am a guest” and completing the online form. However, they will not be permitted to vote or ask questions during the Meeting.

Record shareholders

Whether or not you plan to attend the Meeting via our virtual meeting platform, you may vote your common shares by proxy by any one of the following methods:

In order to vote online during the Annual Meeting you must visit https://meetnow.global/MLPVQH5 and enter the 15-digit control number provided on your Notice or Proxy Card.

We provide Internet proxy voting to allow you to vote your common shares via the Internet by proxy prior to the Annual Meeting, and through the Internet via our virtual meeting platform during the Annual Meeting, with procedures designed to ensure the authenticity and correctness of your proxy vote instructions or your vote. However, please be aware that you must bear any costs associated with your Internet access, such as usage charges from Internet access providers and telephone companies.

How many votes do I have?

On each matter to be voted upon, you have one vote for each common share you own as of the Record Date.

What is the effect if I do not cast my vote?

If a registered shareholder does not cast its vote by proxy or in any other permitted fashion, no votes will be cast on its behalf on any of the items of business at the Annual Meeting.

If a beneficial owner does not instruct its broker, bank, or other agent on how to vote on any of the items of business at the Annual Meeting and the broker, bank, or other agent does not have discretionary authority to vote the beneficial owner’s common shares on the matter, or elects not to vote in the absence of instructions from the beneficial owner, no votes will be cast on behalf of such beneficial owner with respect to such item (a “broker non-vote”). If you are a beneficial owner, whose common shares are held of record by a broker authorized to trade on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE rules permit your broker to exercise discretionary voting authority to vote your common shares on the appointment of PwC as our independent registered public accountants (the “auditor”), even if the broker does not receive voting instructions from you. However, NYSE rules do not permit your broker to exercise discretionary authority to vote on the election of Directors without instructions from you, in which case a broker non-vote will occur, and your vote will not be counted as a vote cast on these matters. If you have further questions on this issue, please contact your broker, bank, or other agent bank or broker or Milestone Investor Relations at [email protected].

What are “broker non-votes”? 

As discussed above, when a beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” does not give instructions to the broker or nominee holding the shares as to how to vote on matters deemed to be “non-routine,” the broker or nominee cannot vote the shares with respect to such “non-routine” matters. These unvoted shares are counted as “broker non-votes.” 

Who is paying for this proxy solicitation?

We will pay for the entire cost of soliciting proxies. In addition to these proxy materials, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone, or by other means of communication. Directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies. We may also reimburse brokerage firms, banks and other agents for the cost of forwarding proxy materials to beneficial owners.

What does it mean if I receive more than one Notice?

If you receive more than one Notice, your shares may be registered in more than one name or in different accounts. Please follow the voting instructions on the Notice to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

How many votes are needed to approve each proposal?

The following table summarizes the minimum vote needed to approve each proposal and the effect of abstentions and broker non-votes.

How are votes counted?

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the meeting, who will separately count, for Proposal No. 1 and Proposal No. 2, votes “For,” “Withhold” and broker non-votes; and, with respect to the any other matters properly brought before the meeting that proposals, votes “For” and “Against,” abstentions and, if applicable, broker non-votes.

What impact does a Withhold vote have?

What constitutes a quorum for the Annual Meeting?

A minimum of two persons who either are, or represent by proxy, shareholders holding, in the aggregate, at least 25% of the outstanding common shares entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Votes withheld and broker non-votes will be counted for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum.

How can I find out the results of the voting at the Annual Meeting?

Preliminary voting results will be announced during the Annual Meeting. In addition, final voting results will be published in a current report on Form 8-K that we expect to file within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Form 8-K within four business days after the Meeting, we intend to file a Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and, within four business days after the final results are known to us, file an additional Form 8-K to publish the final results.

How do I appoint a proxyholder?

Your proxyholder is the person you appoint to cast your votes on your behalf. You can choose anyone you want to be your proxyholder; it does not have to be any of the persons we have designated in the Proxy Card. Please ensure that the person you have appointed will be attending the Annual Meeting via the virtual meeting platform and is aware that he or she will be voting your common shares. Please note that the option to appoint your own proxyholder is not available if you vote by telephone or via the Internet prior to the Annual Meeting.

If you are a registered shareholder, you may appoint someone else as your proxyholder by inserting the name of the person you would like to appoint as your proxyholder in the blank space provided in the Proxy Card and sending it to Computershare Investor Services Inc., 100 University Ave, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1. Your Proxy Card must be received by August 26, 2024 at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or if the Annual Meeting is adjourned or postponed at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the rescheduled time of the Meeting. You must also register your proxyholder in advance of the Annual Meeting by going to http://www.computershare.com/milestone. We recommend you register at least one hour prior to the start of the Annual Meeting. Upon registration, Computershare will provide your proxyholder with a control number to use to access the meeting.

If you are a beneficial owner you may appoint a proxyholder in one of the following ways:

You must also register your proxyholder in advance by going to http://www.computershare.com/milestone. We recommend that your proxyholder register at least one hour prior to the start of the Annual Meeting. Upon registration, Computershare will provide your proxyholder with a control number to use to access the meeting.

How will my common shares be voted if I give my proxy?

On the Proxy Card, you can indicate how you want your proxyholder to vote your common shares, or you can let your proxyholder decide for you by signing and returning the Proxy Card without indicating a voting preference in one or more proposals. Signed but unmarked Proxy Cards will be voted “for” Proposal 1 and Proposal 2. If you have specified on the Proxy Card how you want to vote on a particular proposal (by marking, as applicable, FOR or WITHHOLD), then your proxyholder must vote your common shares accordingly, including on any ballot that may be called for.

If you have not specified how to vote on a particular proposal, then your proxyholder can vote your common shares as he sees fit. Unless you specify voting instructions, Joseph Oliveto and Amit Hasija, as your proxyholders, will vote your common shares as follows:

If I change my mind, can I revoke my proxy once I have given it?

If you are a beneficial owner, you can revoke your prior voting instructions by providing new instructions on a voting instruction form with a later date. Otherwise, contact your broker, bank, or other agent if you want to change your voting instructions. Any new voting instructions given to intermediaries in connection with the revocation must be received in sufficient time to allow intermediaries to act on such instructions prior to the deadline for the deposit of proxies of 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on Monday, August 26 , 2024, or at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays) prior to the time of the Meeting if it is rescheduled. If you choose to provide voting instructions multiple times, only the latest one which is not revoked and is received prior to such deadline will be counted.

If you are a registered shareholder, you may revoke any proxy that you have given until 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on Monday, August 26 , 2024 by voting again by telephone or via the Internet as instructed above, by signing and dating a new Proxy Card and submitting it as instructed above, by giving written notice of such revocation to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at our address, by revoking it during the Annual Meeting or by voting by ballot via our virtual meeting platform during the Annual Meeting. If you choose to submit a proxy multiple times prior to the Meeting whether by telephone, via the Internet or by mail, or a combination thereof, only your latest vote, which is not revoked and is received prior to 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on Monday, August 26 , 2024 (or 48 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and applicable holidays, before the Meeting if it is rescheduled) will be counted unless you attend and vote by ballot via our virtual meeting platform. A registered shareholder participating in a vote by ballot via our virtual meeting platform during the Meeting will automatically be deemed to revoke any proxy previously given by that shareholder regarding business considered by that vote. However, mere attendance at the Annual Meeting via our virtual meeting platform by a registered shareholder who has voted by proxy does not revoke such proxy.

What if amendments are made to these proposals or if other matters are brought before the Meeting?

The Proxy Card also gives discretionary authority to proxyholders to vote as the proxyholders see fit with respect to amendments or variations to proposals identified in the Notice of Meeting or other matters that may come before the Meeting whether or not the amendment, variation or other matter that comes before the Meeting is or is not routine and whether or not the amendment, variation or other matter that comes before the Meeting is contested.

As of the date of this Proxy Statement, the Board is not aware of any such amendments, variations or other matters to come before the Meeting. However, if any such changes that are not currently known to the Board should properly come before the Meeting, the common shares represented by your proxyholders will be voted in accordance with the best judgment of the proxyholders.

Who is soliciting my proxy?

Management of the Company is soliciting your proxy for use during the Meeting. All associated costs of solicitation will be borne by the Company. It is expected that the solicitation will be primarily by mail, but proxies may also be solicited personally, by advertisement, by telephone, Internet, telegraph, courier service, telecopies or other electronic means by Directors, officers or employees of the Company without special compensation. The Company will bear the entire cost of solicitation, including the preparation, assembly, Internet hosting, maintaining a dedicated call line, and printing and mailing the Notice and, if applicable, the Proxy Statement and form of Proxy Card. The Company will pay those entities holding common shares in the names of their beneficial owners, such as brokers, nominees, fiduciaries and other custodians, for their reasonable fees and expenses in forwarding solicitation materials to their beneficial owners and for obtaining their instructions. We anticipate that the Notice will be distributed to shareholders on or about July 19, 2024.

When are shareholder proposals and director nominations due for next year’s annual meeting?

Shareholder Proposals

To be considered for inclusion in next year’s proxy materials, a shareholder proposal must be submitted in writing on or before (i) March 21, 2025 for proposals submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act or (ii) April 20, 2025 for proposals submitted pursuant to Chapter VII, Division 1 of the Business Corporations Act (Québec) (the “QBCA”), and provided such shareholder proposal satisfies all the other requirements for shareholder proposals under Rule 14a-8 or the QBCA, as applicable. Any such proposals should be submitted to: Company Secretary; 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4M 2X6. If you wish to bring a matter before the shareholders at next year’s annual meeting by a shareholder proposal and you do not submit a valid shareholder proposal to the Company before April 20, 2025, then the Company will not be required to include such proposal in the proxy materials for the 2025 Annual Meeting.

Director Nominations

Nominations for director (made other than pursuant to a shareholder proposal) for inclusion in next year’s proxy materials must satisfy the criteria and procedures prescribed under the QBCA and in the Company’s bylaws adopted by the Board on April 10, 2019 and ratified by the shareholders on April 29, 2019 (the “Bylaws”). For additional information regarding the deadlines and procedures for submitting such nominations for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, please see the discussion on page 68 under “Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders” as well as the Bylaws which were filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com on May 14, 2019.

How can I contact the independent Directors and/or the Chairperson of the Board?

You may contact the independent Directors and/or the Chairperson of the Board with the assistance of the Company’s Investor Relations Department. Shareholders or other interested persons can call or send a letter, email or fax to:

Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Investor Relations
1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420
Montréal, Québec, Canada H4M 2X6
Phone: (514) 336-0444
Email: [email protected]

Whom should I contact if I have questions concerning the Proxy Statement or the Proxy Card?

If you have questions concerning the information contained in this Proxy Statement or require assistance in completing the Proxy Card, you may contact Milestone Investor Relations as provided above.

How can I contact the Company’s transfer agent?

You may contact the Company’s transfer agent by mail or by telephone (within Canada and the United States):

Computershare Investor Services Inc.
Address: 100 University Ave, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1
Email: [email protected]
Fax: Within Canada and the United States at 1-866-249-7775; from all other countries at 416-263-9524
Phone (for all security transfer inquiries): Within Canada and the United States at 1-800-564-6253; from all other countries at 514-982-7555
Website: www.computershare.com

PROPOSAL NO. 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

BACKGROUND

We have seven Director nominees standing for election at the Meeting. Pursuant to the Company’s Bylaws, Directors are elected annually. Directors elected at the Meeting will hold office until the close of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company or until their successors are duly elected or appointed, or until such Director’s earlier resignation or removal.

Each of the seven Director nominees has established his or her eligibility and willingness to serve on the Board. Set forth below are the names of the Director nominees together with details about their backgrounds and experience.

Six of the seven Director nominees are independent within the meaning of all applicable securities regulatory and stock exchange requirements in Canada and the U.S. In addition, in accordance with the applicable stock exchange requirements and Board committee charters, all members of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are independent Directors. For more details regarding the independence of director nominees, please see the discussion under the section entitled “Director Independence” on page 30.

The Board recommends a vote FOR the election of each of the seven Director nominees named in this Proxy Statement. Unless otherwise instructed, the designated proxyholders intend to vote FOR the election of the seven Director nominees proposed by the Board in this Proxy Statement. If, for any reason, at the time of the Meeting any of these Director nominees are unable or unwilling to serve, unless otherwise specified in the signed Proxy Card, it is intended that the designated proxyholders will vote in their discretion for a substitute nominee or nominees.

NOMINEES FOR ELECTION TO THE BOARD

Each of the proposed Director nominees is an incumbent Director. Each Director nominee elected at the 2024 Annual Meeting will hold office until the close of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders or until his or her successor is duly elected or appointed, or until such Director’s earlier resignation or removal. None of the Directors or Director nominees were selected for nomination at this year’s Annual Meeting pursuant to any arrangement or understanding. None of the Directors or Director nominees are related by blood, marriage or adoption to one another or to any Named Executive Officer of the Company.

The following table sets forth the names and ages, as of the date of this Proxy Statement, of each of our Director nominees, and the subsequent narrative provides details about each of the Director nominees’ background and experience, and summarizes the specific attributes, competencies and characteristics that led to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee’s and the Board’s determination to nominate such individual as a Director for election by the shareholders at the Meeting.

Director Nominees

Key Experience and Qualifications

Mr. Oliveto brings more than 30 years of pharmaceutical and biotech experience across drug development, commercialization, manufacturing and business development. He has served as our President and CEO since 2017, and contributes a long track record of successful late-stage development business experience, which has included business turnarounds, comprehensive launch programs, FDA approvals and a number of licensing and strategic transactions. We believe that Mr. Oliveto’s significant experience in the areas of drug development, commercialization and manufacturing as well as business development, qualifies him to serve on our Board.

INFORMATION REGARDING THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board Composition

Our Board currently consists of seven members. The Company’s articles provide that the number of directors shall be a minimum of three and a maximum of 15 members, which number will be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board in accordance with the Bylaws. Members of our Board are elected at each annual meeting of our shareholders and serve until their successors are elected or appointed, unless their office is vacated earlier. The term of office for each of the directors will expire at the time of our next annual shareholder’s meeting.

Director Independence

Under the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) Marketplace Rules (the “Nasdaq Listing Rules”), independent directors must comprise a majority of our Board as a public company within one year of listing.

Our Board has undertaken a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board has determined that all of our directors except Joseph Oliveto do not have any relationships that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, and National Instrument 52-110 “Audit Committees”. Our Board has determined that Joseph Oliveto, by virtue of his employment with us, is not independent under applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the Nasdaq Listing Rules. In making this determination, our Board considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our share capital by each non-employee director.

Family Relationships and Other Arrangements

There are no family relationships among our directors and executive officers. Stuart Duty and Andrew Saik were appointed to the Board in connection with a cooperation agreement, entered into between the Company and Alta Fundamental Advisers LLC on July 14, 2024 (the “Cooperation Agreement”).

Board Leadership Structure

The Board has an independent chair, Robert Wills, who has authority, among other things, to call and preside over Board meetings, including meetings of the independent directors, to set meeting agendas and to determine materials to be distributed to the Board. Accordingly, the chairperson of the Board (the “Board Chair”) has substantial ability to shape the work of the Board. The Company believes that separation of the positions of Board Chair and Chief Executive Officer reinforces the independence of the Board in its oversight of the business and affairs of the Company. In addition, the Company believes that having an independent Board Chair creates an environment that is more conducive to objective evaluation and oversight of management’s performance, increasing management accountability and improving the ability of the Board to monitor whether management’s actions are in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. As a result, the Company believes that having an independent Board Chair can enhance the effectiveness of the Board as a whole.

One of the Board’s key functions is informed oversight of our risk management process. The Board does not have a standing risk management committee, but rather administers this oversight function directly through the Board as a whole, as well as through various Board standing committees that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. In particular, our Board is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, including a determination of the nature and level of risk appropriate for the Company. Our Audit Committee has the responsibility to consider and discuss with management and the auditor, as appropriate, the Company’s guidelines and policies with respect to financial risk management and financial risk assessment, including the Company’s major financial risk exposures and the steps taken by management to monitor and control these exposures. In addition, the Audit Committee considers management risks relating to data privacy, technology and information security, including cybersecurity, and back-up of information systems and the steps the Company has taken to monitor and control such exposures as well as overseeing the performance of our internal audit function, as applicable. Our Compensation Committee assesses and monitors whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking, including risks related to executive compensation and overall compensation and benefit strategies, plans, arrangements, practices and policies. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee monitors the effectiveness of our corporate governance guidelines, including whether they are successful in preventing illegal or improper liability-creating conduct. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also oversees and reviews with management the Company’s major legal compliance risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor or mitigate such exposures, including the Company’s procedures and any related policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management. It is the responsibility of the committee chairs to report findings regarding material risk exposures to the Board as quickly as possible. In connection with its reviews of the operations and corporate functions of the Company, our Board addresses the primary risks associated with those operations and corporate functions. In addition, our Board reviews the risks associated with our company’s business strategies periodically throughout the year as part of its consideration of undertaking any such business strategies. While the Board and its committees oversee risk management strategy, management is responsible for implementing and supervising day-to-day risk management processes and reporting to the Board and its committees on such matters.

Meetings of Independent Directors

The Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that at any meeting of the Board, the independent Directors of the Board shall meet in executive session and that an opportunity shall be provided during the meeting for any member of the Board to make such a request. According to the Corporate Governance Guidelines, executive sessions of the Board are meetings of the Board at which members of management and any non-independent Directors are not present. Consequently, the independent Directors currently meet in executive sessions, chaired by our Board Chair, at a majority of our regularly scheduled Board meetings. Since January 1, 2023, our independent Directors held executive sessions at six of the 10 regularly-scheduled Board meetings.

Meetings of the Board

The Board met 12 times during 2023, of which 10 were regularly-scheduled meetings. Each Board member attended 75% or more of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and of the committees on which he or she served, held during the portion of the last fiscal year for which he or she was a director or committee member. As required under applicable Nasdaq listing standards, since January 1, 2023, our independent Directors held executive sessions at six of the 10 regularly-scheduled Board meetings.

It is our policy to encourage our directors to attend the Annual Meeting. We anticipate that a majority of the members of the Board will attend the Annual Meeting.

The attendance record of each director for all Board meeting held since January 1, 2023 is set out below:

(1) Mr. Fischer was appointed to the Board in March 2023.

(2) Mr. Duty and Mr. Saik were each appointed to the Board in July 2024.

Board Mandate

The Board is responsible for the overall stewardship of the Company and its business, including supervising the management of the Company’s business and affairs. The Board discharges this responsibility directly and through delegation of specific responsibilities to committees of the Board and to our officers. Under the Mandate of the Board (the “Board Mandate”), the Board has established committees to assist with its responsibilities. Our current standing Board committees are (i) the Audit Committee, (ii) the Compensation Committee and (iii) the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

Under the Board Mandate, the Board is responsible for, among other things, the following corporate governance-related matters: (i) overseeing the Company’s performance and the quality, depth and continuity of management needed to meet the Company’s strategic objectives; (ii) developing and approving the Company’s approach to and practices regarding corporate governance; (iii) succession planning; (iv) overseeing orientation and education programs for new Directors and ongoing education opportunities for continuing Directors; (v) reviewing, discussing and approving the Company’s strategic planning and organizational structure and supervising management to oversee that the strategic planning and organizational structure preserve and enhance the business of the Company and the Company’s underlying value; (vi) approving and assessing compliance with all significant policies and procedures by which the Company is operating, including the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (as described below); (vii) reviewing the Company’s principal risks and assessing whether appropriate systems are in place to manage such risks; and (viii) ensuring the integrity and adequacy of the Company’s internal controls.

The Board Mandate is attached to this Proxy Statement as Annex A.

Descriptions of Key Positions

The Board determines the delineation of roles and responsibilities for key management and board committee positions. The general duties of the Chief Executive Officer and of the Board Chair are set forth in the Bylaws, which were filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com on May 14, 2019. The chairs of each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, respectively, have authority, among other things, to call and preside over committee meetings, to set meeting agendas and to determine materials to be distributed to such committee. The authorities of each respective committee and committee chair are further described in the committee charters, which are available on the Company’s website at investors.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Governance” and under the subtab “Governance Documents”).

Orientation and Continuing Education

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees the Board’s continuing education program, which was developed to assist Directors in maintaining or enhancing their skills and abilities as Directors and updating their knowledge and understanding of the Company and the pharmaceutical industry. New Directors are oriented to the roles of the Board and individual Directors and the business and affairs of the Company through discussions with the incumbent Directors and the Company’s management by periodic presentations from senior management on major business, industry and competitive issues. Management and outside advisors provide information and education sessions to the Board and its committees as necessary to keep the Directors up-to-date with, among other things, (i) disclosure and corporate governance requirements and best practices; (ii) the Company, its business and the environment in which it operates, and (iii) developments in the responsibilities of Directors. The Board may invite representatives of various business units to Board meetings to discuss business strategy and market analysis, as well as make on-site visits of the operations of the Company at the various facilities of the Company. Directors may also attend outside conferences and seminars that are relevant to their roles at the Company’s expense, with the approval of the Board Chair.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, and agents and representatives. The full text of our code of business conduct and ethics is available on our website at investors.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Governance” and under the subtab “Governance Documents”). The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board is responsible for monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics and any waivers applicable to any director, executive officer or employee. We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of such provisions applicable to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions, and agents and representatives, on our website identified above.

In addition, under the Civil Code of Québec, to which we are subject as a legal person existing under the QBCA, and under the QBCA, a director must immediately disclose to the board any situation that may place him or her in a conflict of interest. Any such declaration of interest is recorded in the minutes of proceeding of the board of directors. The director abstains, except if required, from the discussion and voting on the question. In addition, it is our policy that an interested director recuse himself or herself from the decision-making process pertaining to a contract or transaction in which he or she has an interest. To the Company’s knowledge, since January 1, 2022, no conduct of any director or executive officer of the Company has constituted a departure from the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

Corporate Governance Guidelines

The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines to assure that the Board will have the necessary authority and practices in place to review and evaluate our business operations as needed and to make decisions that are independent of our management. The guidelines are also intended to align the interests of Directors and management with those of our shareholders. The Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the practices the Board intends to follow with respect to board composition and selection, board meetings and involvement of senior management, Chief Executive Officer performance evaluation and succession planning, and board committees and compensation. The Corporate Governance Guidelines, as well as the charters for each committee of the Board, may be viewed on our website at investors.milestonepharma.com.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification Matters

Under the QBCA and our Bylaws, we must indemnify our current or former directors and officers, mandataries or any other individuals who act or has acted at our request as a director or officer of a related entity, against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individual in connection with any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which such individual is involved because of his or her association with us or such a related entity. The QBCA also provides that we may also make an advance payment to such individual for costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with such a proceeding, provided, however, that such individual shall repay such advance payment if he or she does not fulfill the conditions described below.

Indemnification is prohibited under the QBCA unless the individual:

In the case of actions by or on behalf of the Company, the Company may make such advance payments or indemnify such individuals against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individual in connection with such actions, only if the person fulfills the conditions set forth above and only with the approval of the court.

In addition, we have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnity agreements with each of our directors and officers. These indemnity agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as a director or officer, or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We maintain a directors’ and officers’ insurance policy pursuant to which our directors and officers are insured against liability for actions taken in their capacities as directors and officers. We believe that these provisions in our Bylaws and these indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to directors, officers or control persons, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy, as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Shareholder Communications with the Board of Directors

Shareholder communications will be reviewed by the Corporate Secretary of the Company, who will determine whether the communication should be presented to the Board. The purpose of this screening is to allow the Board to avoid having to consider irrelevant or inappropriate communications (such as advertisements, solicitations and hostile communications). All communications directed to the Audit Committee in accordance with our Whistleblower Policy for Accounting and Auditing Matters that relate to questionable accounting or auditing matters involving the Company will be promptly and directly forwarded to the Audit Committee. We also have a corporate ethics hotline to allow complaints related to questionable accounting or auditing matters, which are immediately directed to the chairman of the Audit Committee.

Assessments 

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for the periodic review and assessment of the Boards overall composition, makeup, performance and effectiveness and provides the results of these reviews to the Board for further discussion as appropriate.

Director Term Limits and Other Mechanisms of Board Renewal

There are no specific term limits for directors on the Board or other mechanisms of board renewal that have been adopted. The Board does not believe it should limit the number of terms for which an individual may serve as a director. Directors who have served on the Board for an extended period of time are able to provide continuity and valuable insight into the Company, the Company’s operations and prospects based on their experience with, and understanding of, the Company’s history, policies and objectives. The Board believes that, as an alternative to term limits, the director evaluation and board renewal process described in our Corporate Governance Guidelines can ensure that the Board continues to evolve and adopt new ideas and viewpoints. The Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our website at investors.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Governance” and under the subtab “Governance Documents”).

Diversity

We believe in diversity and value the benefits diversity can bring to our Company. Diversity includes gender, sexual preference, disability, age, ethnicity, business experience, functional expertise, culture and geography.

We seek to maintain a Board comprised of talented and dedicated directors whose skills and backgrounds reflect the diverse nature of the business environment in which we operate. Accordingly, our active Board refreshment process strives to reflect a diverse mix of skills, experience, knowledge, backgrounds and personal qualities. Board diversity promotes the inclusion of different perspectives and ideas and ensures that we have the opportunity to benefit from all available talent. The promotion of a diverse Board makes prudent business sense and helps maintain a competitive advantage.

We are committed to a merit-based system for Board composition, which requires a diverse and inclusive culture where directors believe that their views are heard, their concerns are attended to and they serve in an environment where bias, discrimination and harassment on any matter are not tolerated. When identifying suitable candidates for appointment to the Board, we will consider candidates on merit against objective criteria having due regard to the benefits of diversity and the needs of the Board. The Board considers the level of representation of women on the board in identifying and nominating candidates for election to the board. We have not adopted a written policy relating to the identification and nomination of women directors or targets regarding the representation of women on the board as the Board has determined our existing approach to diversity is sufficient. The Board considers the level of representation of women executive officers when making executive officer appointments but has not adopted targets regarding the representation of women executive officers as the Company is committed to a merit-based system for executive officer appointments.

The following Board Diversity Matrix provides the self-identified personal characteristics for our Board, in accordance with Nasdaq listing Rule 5605(f). Each term used in the table has the definition provided in the rule and related instructions. To see our Board Diversity Matrix as of April 28, 2023, please refer to our proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 28, 2023.

INFORMATION REGARDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Our Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

The following table provides membership and meeting information for the year ended December 31, 2023 for the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance Committees:

† Financial Expert * Committee Chair

(1) Mr. Duty and Mr. Saik were appointed to the Board in July 2024.

Below is a description of each committee of the Board. Each of the committees has authority to engage legal counsel or other experts or consultants, as it deems appropriate to carry out its responsibilities. The Board has determined that each member of each committee meets the applicable Nasdaq rules and regulations regarding “independence” and each member is free of any relationship that would impair his or her individual exercise of independent judgment with regard to the Company. Each of the committees operates pursuant to a written charter and each committee reviews and assesses the adequacy of its charter and submits its charter to the Board for approval. The charters are all available on our website at investors.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Governance” and under the subtab “Governance Documents”). The inclusion of our website address here and elsewhere in this proxy statement does not include or incorporate by reference the information on our website into this proxy statement.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee of the Board was established by the Board in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act to oversee our corporate accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of its financial statements. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs several functions and meets regularly with the Company’s internal auditor and independent registered public accounting firm in separate executive sessions. The Audit Committee evaluates the performance of and assesses the qualifications of the Company’s independent auditor; determines whether to recommend retaining, or to terminate, the engagement of the independent auditors or to appoint and engage a new independent auditor; reviews and recommends the retention of the independent auditor to perform any proposed permissible non-audit services; monitors the rotation of partners of the independent auditor on the Company’s audit engagement team as required by law; reviews and approves or disapproves transactions between the Company and any related persons; confers with management, and the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, as appropriate, regarding the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; establishes procedures, as required under applicable law, for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential and anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; meets to review the Company’s annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditor, including a review of the Company’s disclosures under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The Audit Committee also monitors compliance with legal and regulatory requirements as well as data privacy, technology and information security, including cybersecurity, and back-up of information systems and governance framework to continually assess risk. The Audit Committee met five times during 2023.

As of the date of this proxy statement, our Audit Committee consists of Lisa M. Giles, Robert Wills, Andrew Saik and Michael Tomsicek. Our Board has determined that all current members of the Audit Committee are financially literate and are independent under the Nasdaq Listing Rules and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The chair of our Audit Committee is Michael Tomsicek. Our Board has determined that Mr. Tomsicek is an “audit committee financial expert” as such term is currently defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulations S-K. Our Board has also determined that each member of our Audit Committee can read and understand fundamental financial statements, in accordance with applicable requirements. In arriving at these determinations, the Board has examined each Audit Committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their employment in the corporate finance sector. See “—Nominees for Election to the Board” above.

The Audit Committee charter is available on our website at investors.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Governance” and under the subtab “Governance Documents”), or in Appendix A entitled “Charter of the Audit Committee” in the Canadian prospectus filed on May 13, 2019 on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 with management of the Company. The Audit Committee has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”). The Audit Committee has also received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent registered public accounting firm required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent accountants’ communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence, and has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the accounting firm’s independence. Based on the foregoing, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Respectfully submitted,

Michael Tomsicek
Robert Wills
Lisa M. Giles

The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee acts on behalf of the Board to review, modify (as needed) and approve, or review and recommend, as applicable, the overall compensation strategy and policies for the Company, including:

As of the date of this proxy statement, our Compensation Committee consists of Debra Liebert, Richard Pasternak and Michael Tomsicek. Our Board has determined that all members are independent under the Nasdaq Listing Rules and are “non-employee directors” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The chair of our Compensation Committee is Debra Liebert. The Compensation Committee met three times during 2023.

Typically, the Compensation Committee meets quarterly and with greater frequency if necessary. The agenda for each meeting is usually developed by the Chair of the Compensation Committee, in consultation with our Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee meets regularly in executive session. However, from time to time, various members of management and other employees as well as outside advisers or consultants may be invited by the Compensation Committee to make presentations, to provide financial or other background information or advice or to otherwise participate in Compensation Committee meetings. The Chief Executive Officer may not participate in, or be present during, any deliberations or determinations of the Compensation Committee regarding his compensation or individual performance objectives. The charter of the Compensation Committee grants the Compensation Committee full access to all books, records, facilities and personnel of the Company. In addition, under the charter, the Compensation Committee has the authority to obtain, at our expense, advice and assistance from compensation consultants and internal and external legal, accounting or other advisers and other external resources that the Compensation Committee considers necessary or appropriate in the performance of its duties. The Compensation Committee has direct responsibility for the oversight of the work of any consultants or advisers engaged for the purpose of advising the Compensation Committee. In particular, the Compensation Committee has the authority to retain compensation consultants to assist in its evaluation of executive and director compensation, including authority to approve the consultant’s reasonable fees and other retention terms. Under the charter, the Compensation Committee may select, or receive advice from, a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser to the Compensation Committee, other than in-house legal counsel and certain other types of advisers, only after assessing the independence of such person in accordance with SEC and Nasdaq requirements that bear upon the adviser’s independence; however, there is no requirement that any adviser be independent.

During the past fiscal year, after taking into consideration the six factors prescribed by the SEC and Nasdaq, the Compensation Committee engaged Radford, an Aon company (the “Consultant”), a compensation consulting firm, as a compensation consultant. The Compensation Committee has assessed the Consultant’s independence and determined that the Consultant had no conflicts of interest in connection with its provisions of services to the Compensation Committee. Specifically, the Compensation Committee engaged the Consultant to provide market data, peer group analysis and conduct an executive and board compensation assessment analyzing the current cash and equity compensation of our executive officers and directors against compensation for similarly situated executives at our peer group. Our management did not have the ability to direct the Consultant’s work.

Historically, our Compensation Committee has made most of the significant adjustments to annual compensation, determined bonus and equity awards and established new performance objectives at one or more meetings held during the first quarter of the year. However, our Compensation Committee also considers matters related to individual compensation, such as compensation for new executive hires, as well as high-level strategic issues, such as the efficacy of our compensation strategy, potential modifications to that strategy and new trends, plans or approaches to compensation, at various meetings throughout the year. Generally, the Compensation Committee’s process comprises two related elements: the determination of compensation levels and the establishment of performance objectives for the current year. For executives other than the Chief Executive Officer, our Compensation Committee solicits and considers evaluations and recommendations submitted to the Compensation Committee by the Chief Executive Officer. In the case of the Chief Executive Officer, the evaluation of his performance is conducted by the Compensation Committee, which recommends to the Board any adjustments to his compensation as well as awards to be granted.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of the Compensation Committee is currently, or has been at any time, one of our executive officers or employees. None of our executive officers currently serves, or has served during the last year, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our Board or on our Compensation Committee.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee makes recommendations regarding corporate governance, the composition of our Board, identification, evaluation and nomination of director candidates (consistent with criteria approved by the Board) and the structure and composition of committees of our Board. In addition, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for developing and recommending corporate governance guidelines to our Board, as applicable to the Company. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met three times during 2023.

As of the date of this proxy statement, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Stuart Duty, Seth H.Z. Fischer, Lisa M. Giles and Robert J. Wills. The chair of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is Robert J. Wills. Seth H.Z. Fischer was appointed as a member of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee in March 2023. Each member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is a non-employee director within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 of the rules promulgated under the Exchange Act, an independent director as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Rules and is free from any relationship that would interfere with the exercise of his independent judgment, as determined by the Board in accordance with the applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that candidates for director should have the highest personal integrity and ethics. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also intends to consider such factors as possessing relevant expertise upon which to be able to offer advice and guidance to management, having sufficient time to devote to the affairs of the Company, demonstrated excellence in his or her field, having the ability to exercise sound business judgment, having experience as a board member or executive officer of another publicly held company, having a diverse personal background, perspective and experience and having the commitment to rigorously represent the long-term interests of our shareholders. However, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee retains the right to modify these qualifications from time to time. Candidates for director nominees are reviewed in the context of the current composition of the Board, our operating requirements and the long-term interests of our shareholders. In conducting this assessment, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee typically considers diversity, age, skills and such other factors as it deems appropriate given the current needs of the Board and the Company, to maintain a balance of knowledge, experience and capability.

In the case of incumbent directors, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee reviews these directors’ overall service to the Company during their terms, including the number of meetings attended, level of participation, quality of performance and any other relationships and transactions that might impair the directors’ independence. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also takes into account the results of the Board’s self-evaluation, conducted annually on a group and individual basis. In the case of new director candidates, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also determines whether the nominee is independent for Nasdaq purposes, which determination is based upon applicable Nasdaq listing standards, applicable SEC rules and regulations and the advice of counsel, if necessary. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee then uses its network of contacts to compile a list of potential candidates, but may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee conducts any appropriate and necessary inquiries into the backgrounds and qualifications of possible candidates after considering the function and needs of the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets to discuss and consider the candidates’ qualifications and then selects a nominee for recommendation to the Board by majority vote.

Submitting Director Recommendations to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will also consider recommendations for Director nominees submitted by the Company’s shareholders. Shareholders who desire to have the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consider their recommendations for nominees for Director should submit their submission in writing to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, attention: Committee Chairperson. Recommendations made by shareholders in such manner will undergo the same evaluation as other Board recommended nominees. For more detailed information on this evaluation process, please refer to the charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter”) which is available on the Company’s website at investors.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Governance” and under the subtab “Governance Documents”). For additional information regarding the standards for nominees to the Board, please refer to our Corporate Governance Guidelines.

In order for a shareholder’s Director nominee to be included in the management proxy circular and proxy statement as a nominee for an Annual Meeting of Shareholders, such shareholder’s nomination must satisfy the criteria and procedures prescribed under the QBCA and in our Bylaws. For additional information regarding the deadlines, conditions, requirements and procedures for submitting such nominations for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, please see the discussion on page 68 under “Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders” as well as our Bylaws, which were filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com on May 14, 2019.

PROPOSAL NO. 2

APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR

The Audit Committee recommended to the Board that PwC be put before the shareholders at the Annual Meeting for appointment as our auditor to serve until the close of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Board has accepted and endorsed this recommendation.

Under the QBCA, at each annual meeting of shareholders, shareholders of a corporation appoint, by a majority of votes cast in respect of that proposal, an auditor to hold office until the close of the next annual meeting of shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an auditor is not appointed at a meeting of shareholders, the incumbent auditor continues in office until a successor is appointed. PwC currently serves as auditor of the Company and, therefore, shall continue to serve as the Company’s auditor in the event that this proposal is not adopted by the shareholders. PwC has served as auditor of the Company since the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2019.

A simple majority of votes cast at the Annual Meeting, whether via the virtual meeting portal, or by proxy or otherwise, will be required to appoint PwC. You may either vote “For” the appointment of PwC or “Withhold” your vote with respect to such appointment. If you vote “For” the appointment of PwC, your common shares will be voted accordingly. If you select “Withhold” with respect to the appointment of PwC, your vote will not be counted as a vote cast for the purposes of appointing PwC.

We expect that a representative of PwC will attend the Annual Meeting and the representative will have an opportunity to make a statement if he or she so chooses. The representative will also be available to respond to appropriate questions from shareholders.

As a shareholder of the Company, you are invited to vote with respect to the appointment of PwC as the auditor for the Company to hold office until the close of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to authorize the Board to fix the auditor’s remuneration through the following resolution:

Resolved that the shareholders hereby appoint PwC as auditor for the Company to hold office until the close of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and the Board of Directors of the Company is hereby authorized to fix the auditor’s remuneration.

The Board unanimously recommends that the shareholders vote FOR Proposal No. 2.

AUDITOR FEES

Information on the fees paid by the Company to PwC, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is set forth below.

 All auditor fees must be approved by our Audit Committee and all fees described above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Our Audit Committee has adopted procedures requiring the pre-approval of all non-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in order to assure that these services do not impair the auditor’s independence. These procedures generally approve the performance of specific services subject to a cost limit for all such services. This general approval is reviewed, and if necessary modified, at least annually. Management must obtain the specific prior approval of the Audit Committee for each engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm to perform other audit-related or other non-audit services. The Audit Committee does not delegate its responsibility to approve services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm to any member of management. The standard applied by the Audit Committee in determining whether to grant approval of any type of non-audit service, or of any specific engagement to perform a non-audit service, is whether the services to be performed, the compensation to be paid therefore and other related factors are consistent with the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence under guidelines of the SEC and applicable professional standards. Relevant considerations include whether the work product is likely to be subject to, or implicated in, audit procedures during the audit of our financial statements, whether the independent registered public accounting firm would be functioning in the role of management or in an advocacy role, whether the independent registered public accounting firm’s performance of the service would enhance our ability to manage or control risk or improve audit quality, whether such performance would increase efficiency because of the independent registered public accounting firm’s familiarity with our business, personnel, culture, systems, risk profile and other factors, and whether the amount of fees involved, or the non-audit services portion of the total fees payable to the independent registered public accounting firm in the period would tend to reduce the independent registered public accounting firm’s ability to exercise independent judgment in performing the audit.

Vote Required

The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares present virtually or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter at the Annual Meeting will be required to appoint PwC as auditor of the Company until the next annual general meeting.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS
A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL NO. 2.

WE STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO USE THE ENCLOSED WHITE UNIVERSAL PROXY CARD
TO VOTE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BOARD’S RECCOMENDATION  

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers, including their ages as of the date of this Proxy Statement:

Biographical information for Joseph Oliveto is included in “Proposal No. 1 – Election of Directors – Nominees for Election.”

David Bharucha has served as our Chief Medical Officer since February 2022. Prior to becoming our Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Bharucha was with Allergan (a division of AbbVie as of 2020), where he held various roles, including serving as Vice President, R&D, Clinical Development Section Head from 2018 to 2021, as Associate Vice-President R&D, Clinical Development, Section Head from 2017 to 2018, and as Senior Director, Branded R&D Clinical Development from 2015 to 2016. His leadership positions included membership and chairing early- and late-stage research and development governance boards and serving on joint development committees with partner companies. Dr. Bharucha received his B.A. (Honors) degree in Biology from Haverford College, his Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry/Molecular Biology from the University of Chicago and his M.D. (Honors) degree from the University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine. Dr. Bharucha became triple board-certified in Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, and Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, and served on the faculty of major medical centers.

Amit Hasija has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Corporate Development since September 2019. Prior to Milestone Pharmaceuticals, Mr. Hasija served as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer at Fulcrum Therapeutics. Prior to Fulcrum, he spent five years at Sanofi where he served as Vice President of North America Pharmaceutical Business Development. Prior to joining Sanofi over approximately 10 years, Mr. Hasija held positions in investment banking at Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank. He began his career at Merck. Mr. Hasija received a BS in Chemical Engineering from Drexel University and an MBA from New York University’s Stern School of Business.

Lorenz Muller has served as our Chief Commercial Officer since October 2017. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Muller served as the Vice President of Marketing at Exact Sciences Corporation, a molecular diagnostics company, from June 2016 through July 2017. Prior to that, Mr. Muller served as the Executive Director, Thrombosis at Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. from July 2008 through December 2015. Mr. Muller received his B.S. degrees in Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences and his M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his MBA from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration.

Jeffrey Nelson has served as Milestone’s Chief Operating Officer since June 2020. He previously served as Milestone’s Vice President, Project Management from August 2018 until June 2020. Prior to that, Mr. Nelson was Vice President Program Management at Mateon Therapeutics, Inc. (now Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc.), which was an oncology-focused biotech company, from September 2015 until November 2017. Mr. Nelson holds a BA in Economics from Brandeis University.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of our share capital as of June 30, 2024 by:

The percentage ownership information is based on 53,245,165 common shares outstanding as of June 30, 2024.

Information with respect to beneficial ownership has been furnished by each director, officer or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common shares. We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. In addition, the rules include common shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of options that are either immediately exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2024. These shares are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those options for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.

Except as otherwise noted below, the address for each person or entity listed in the table is c/o Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Blvd., Suite 420, Montréal, Québec CA H4M 2X6.

*       Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2023, which consist of our principal executive officer and our next two most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of 2023 are:

Summary Compensation Table

The following table provides information regarding the compensation provided to our named executive officers for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Narrative to the Summary Compensation Table

Our Board reviews compensation annually for all employees, including our named executive officers. In setting executive base salaries and bonuses and granting equity incentive awards, we consider compensation for comparable positions in the market, the historical compensation levels of our executives, individual performance as compared to our expectations and objectives, our desire to motivate our employees to achieve short- and long-term results that are in the best interests of our shareholders and a long-term commitment to our Company.

Either our Board or the Compensation Committee has historically determined our executive officers’ compensation and has typically reviewed and discussed management’s proposed compensation with our chief executive officer for all executives other than our chief executive officer. Based on those discussions and its discretion, the Compensation Committee and our full Board then approved the compensation of each executive officer. Following the completion of our initial public offering in May 2019, the Compensation Committee determined our executive officers’ compensation and followed this process, and the Compensation Committee itself, rather than our Board, approves the compensation of each executive officer other than our Chief Executive Officer.

Annual Base Salary

Base salaries for our executive officers are initially established through arm’s-length negotiations at the time of the executive officer’s hiring, taking into account such executive officer’s qualifications, experience, the scope of his or her responsibilities and competitive market compensation paid by other companies for similar positions within the industry and geography. Base salaries are reviewed annually, typically in connection with our annual performance review process, and adjusted from time to time to realign salaries with market levels after taking into account individual responsibilities, performance and experience. The annual base salaries for each of Mr. Oliveto, Dr. Bharucha and Mr. Hasija for 2023 and 2022 are set forth in the table below:

In making decisions regarding salary increases, we may also draw upon the experience of members of our Board with executives at other companies. For fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee decided to maintain the same base salaries for all NEOs, without a merit increase.

Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation

In accordance with the terms of their employment agreements, as amended, our named executive officers are eligible to receive annual bonuses of up to a percentage of each executive’s gross base salary based on individual performance, company performance or as otherwise determined appropriate by our Board.

2023 Annual Bonus Information

For fiscal year 2024, the Compensation Committee decided to maintain the same target annual bonus opportunities for all NEOs

Equity-Based Incentive Awards

Our equity-based incentive awards are designed to align interests of our employees with those of our shareholders, including our executive officers. The Board and the Compensation Committee are responsible for approving equity grants. As of the date hereof, share option awards were the only form of equity awards we have granted to any of our executive officers.

We have historically used share options as an incentive for long-term compensation to retain and motivate our executive officers because they allow our executive officers to realize value only if our share price increases from the date of grant. We may grant equity awards at such times as our Board determines appropriate. In addition, in connection with our initial public offering in May 2019, our Board delegated certain authority to our Compensation Committee to grant equity awards. Our executives generally are awarded an initial grant in the form of a share option in connection with their commencement of employment with us. Additional grants may occur periodically in order to specifically incentivize executives with respect to achieving certain corporate goals or to reward executives for exceptional performance.

Prior to our initial public offering in May 2019, we granted all share options pursuant to our Stock Option Plan (the “2011 Plan”). Following our initial public offering, we have granted equity incentive awards under the terms of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The terms of our equity plans are described below under “—Equity Incentive Plans.”

All options are granted with an exercise price per share that is no less than the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant of such award. Our share option awards generally vest over a four-year period and may be subject to acceleration of vesting and exercisability under certain termination and change in control events. See “—Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End.”

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table provides information regarding the outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2023. Prior to our initial public offering in May 2019, we granted all share options pursuant to the 2011 Plan. Following our initial public offering, we have granted equity incentive awards under the terms of the 2019 Plan, except as otherwise noted. The terms of our equity plans are described below under “—Equity Incentive Plans.”

Employment Arrangements

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our named executive officers. The agreements set forth the named executive officer’s initial base salary, bonus potential, eligibility for employee benefits and severance benefits upon a qualifying termination of employment, subject to certain non-solicitation and non-competition provisions. Any potential payments and benefits due upon a qualifying termination of employment or a change in control are further described below under “—Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control.”

Agreement with Joseph Oliveto

We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Oliveto, our President and Chief Executive Officer, in March 2017 that governed the terms of his employment with us prior to April 2019. Pursuant to his prior agreement, Mr. Oliveto was entitled to an annual base salary of $360,000, was eligible to receive an annual target performance bonus of up to 50% of his gross base salary, and was granted options to purchase up to an aggregate of 252,853 common shares.

In April 2019 in connection with our initial public offering, we entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. Oliveto that governed the terms of his employment with us prior to June 2020. Pursuant to his amended and restated agreement, Mr. Oliveto was entitled to an annual base salary of $500,000 and is eligible to receive an annual target performance bonus of 50% of his gross base salary.

Under the terms of his agreement, as further amended in June 2020, Mr. Oliveto is eligible to receive an annual target performance bonus of 50% of the greater of his gross base salary and $550,000.

For 2022, Mr. Oliveto’s annual base salary was $584,000 and target annual performance bonus was 50% of his annual base salary, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. In February 2023, the Compensation Committee approved, effective January 1, 2023, a merit increase to Mr. Oliveto’s base salary to $601,520 and an annual target bonus of 50% of his gross base salary.

For 2023, Mr. Oliveto’s annual base salary was $601,520 and target annual performance bonus was 50% of his annual base salary, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. In March 2024, the Compensation Committee decided not to provide a merit increase to Mr. Oliveto’s base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Mr. Oliveto has an annual target bonus of 50% of his gross base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Agreement with Amit Hasija

We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Hasija, our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, in September 2019 that governed the terms of his employment with us prior to June 2020. Pursuant to his agreement, Mr. Hasija was entitled to an annual base salary of $390,000, was eligible to receive an annual target performance bonus of 35% of his gross base salary, and was granted an option to purchase up to 147,000 common shares.

Under the terms of his agreement, as further amended in June 2020, Mr. Hasija is eligible to receive an annual target performance bonus of 35% of the greater of his gross base salary and $400,000 and he received a retention bonus of $80,000 as his employment continued through June 1, 2021 or if he is terminated prior to such date without cause. In addition, Mr. Hasija received an additional retention bonus of $20,000 as his employment continued through December 31, 2021. We also granted Mr. Hasija options to purchase up to an aggregate of 115,000 common shares in connection with the execution of his employment agreement amendment.

For 2022, Mr. Hasija’s annual base salary was $425,000 and target annual performance bonus was 35% of his annual base salary, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. In February 2023, the Compensation Committee approved, effective January 1, 2023, a merit increase to Mr. Hasija’s base salary to $437,750 and an annual target bonus of 35% of his gross base salary.

For 2023, Mr. Hasija’s annual base salary was $437,750 and target annual performance bonus was 35% of his annual base salary, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. In March 2024, the Compensation Committee decided not to provide a merit increase to Mr. Hasija’s base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Mr. Hasija has an annual target bonus of 35% of his gross base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Agreement with David Bharucha

We entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Bharucha, our Chief Medical Officer, in February 2022. Pursuant to his agreement, Dr. Bharucha was entitled to an annual base salary of $445,000, was eligible to receive an annual target performance bonus of 40% of his gross base salary, and was granted an option to purchase up to 330,000 common shares.

For 2022, Dr. Bharucha’s annual base salary was $445,000 and target annual performance bonus was 40% of his annual base salary, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. In February 2023, the Compensation Committee approved, effective January 1, 2023, a merit increase to Dr. Bharucha’s base salary to $458,350 and an annual target bonus of 40% of his gross base salary.

For 2023, Mr. Bharucha’s annual base salary was $458,350 and target annual performance bonus was 40% of his annual base salary, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. In March 2024, the Compensation Committee decided not to provide a merit increase to Mr. Bharucha’s base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Mr. Bharucha has an annual target bonus of 40% of his gross base salary for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination or Change in Control

Regardless of the manner in which a named executive officer’s employment with us terminates, the named executive officer is entitled to receive amounts earned during his term of service, including salary and accrued unused vacation pay. In addition, each of our named executive officers is eligible to receive certain benefits pursuant to his employment agreement with us as follows:

Joseph Oliveto

Under his amended and restated employment agreement, if Mr. Oliveto is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Oliveto resigns for good reason, he is entitled to salary continuation and reimbursement of premiums to continue health care benefits for a period of 12 months, subject to his execution of a general release in favor of the Company. If Mr. Oliveto is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within 30 days prior to, or 12 months following, a change in control, he is entitled to receive (i) salary continuation and reimbursement of premiums to continue health care benefits for a period of 18 months, (ii) a one-time bonus equal to one and a half times his target bonus for the year in which he is terminated and (iii) accelerated vesting of any outstanding and unvested share options, subject in the case of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), to his execution of a general release in favor of our Company.

Amit Hasija

Under his employment agreement, if Mr. Hasija is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Hasija resigns for good reason, he is entitled to salary continuation and reimbursement of premiums to continue health care benefits for a period of nine months, subject to his execution of a general release in favor of our Company. If Mr. Hasija is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within 30 days prior to, or 12 months following, a change in control, he is entitled to receive (i) salary continuation and reimbursement of premiums to continue health care benefits for a period of 12 months, (ii) a one-time bonus equal to his target bonus for the year in which he is terminated and (iii) accelerated vesting of any outstanding and unvested share options, subject in the case of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), to his execution of a general release in favor of our Company.

David Bharucha

Under his employment agreement, if Dr. Bharucha is terminated by us without cause or if Dr. Bharucha resigns for good reason, he is entitled to salary continuation and reimbursement of premiums to continue health care benefits for a period of nine months, subject to his execution of a general release in favor of our Company. If Dr. Bharucha is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within 30 days prior to, or 12 months following, a change in control, he is entitled to receive (i) salary continuation and reimbursement of premiums to continue health care benefits for a period of nine months, (ii) a one-time bonus equal to his target bonus for the year in which he is terminated and (iii) accelerated vesting of any outstanding and unvested share options, subject in the case of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), to his execution of a general release in favor of our Company.

Health and Welfare and Retirement Benefits; Perquisites

Beginning in 2019, all employees either receive insurance coverage made available to the U.S. employees or group benefits insurance coverage made available to the Canadian employees. In November 2019, our Compensation Committee authorized the creation of a 401(k) plan and a registered retirement savings plan for our employees in the United States or Canada, which we have subsequently implemented for participation by our employees. We generally do not provide perquisites or personal benefits to our named executive officers, except in limited circumstances. Our Board may elect to adopt qualified or nonqualified benefit plans in the future, if it determines that doing so is in our best interests.

Clawback Policy

In November 2023, the Compensation Committee adopted our Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy (the “Clawback Policy”), designed to comply with Rule 10D-1 of the Exchange Act and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5608, which provides for recoupment of incentive compensation in the event of an accounting restatement resulting from material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements under the relevant securities laws. The Clawback Policy applies to our current and former executive officers. Compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure (as defined in the Clawback Policy) is subject to recoupment.

Equity Incentive Plans

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

Our Board adopted and our shareholders approved the 2019 Plan in April 2019. Our 2019 Plan is a successor to and continuation of our 2011 Plan. The 2019 Plan became effective upon the completion of our initial public offering in May 2019 and was amended in connection with our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders. Since the effectiveness of the 2019 Plan, no further grants have been or will be made under the 2011 Plan.

Awards. Our 2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, to employees, including employees of any parent or subsidiary, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options (“NSOs”), share appreciation rights, restricted share awards, restricted share unit awards, performance share awards, performance cash awards and other forms of share awards to employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of our affiliates.

Authorized Shares. The maximum number of our common shares that may be issued under our 2019 Plan was initially 4,710,564 shares, which is the sum of (1) 1,923,501 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares (not to exceed 2,787,063 shares) (i) that remained available for the issuance of awards under our 2011 Plan at the time our 2019 Plan became effective, and (ii) any shares subject to outstanding options or other share awards that were granted under our 2011 Plan that terminate or expire prior to exercise or settlement; are forfeited because of the failure to vest; or are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the purchase or exercise price. In addition, the number of our common shares reserved for issuance under our 2019 Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2022 through January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to 4% of the total number of our capital shares outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by our Board. In connection with our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders, we amended the 2019 Plan to provide that (1) an additional 1,000,000 shares may be issued pursuant to share awards granted under the 2019 Plan and (2) an additional 3,000,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan pursuant to the grant of incentive stock options. In addition, 125,323 options have been forfeited under the 2011 Plan since the adoption of the 2019 Plan and have become available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2023, 561,000 of previously issued options had been cancelled under the 2019 Plan and were available for future grants. As of December 31, 2023, there were 8,182,946 shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan, of which 1,704,960 shares were available for future grants. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 6,406,897 common shares, at exercise prices ranging from $2.99 to $21.48 per share, or a weighted-average exercise price of $5.82 per share, were outstanding under our 2019 Plan.

Shares subject to share awards granted under our 2019 Plan that expire or terminate without being exercised in full or that are paid out in cash rather than in shares do not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under our 2019 Plan. If any common shares issued pursuant to a share award are forfeited back to or repurchased by us because of the failure to meet a contingency or condition required to vest, the shares that are forfeited or repurchased will revert to and again become available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. Any shares subject to an award that are surrendered in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations or as consideration for the exercise or purchase price of a share award will again become available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

The maximum number of common shares subject to share awards granted under the 2019 Plan or otherwise during any one calendar year to any non-employee director, taken together with any cash fees paid by us to such non-employee director during such calendar year for service on the Board, will not exceed $750,000 in total value (calculating the value of any such share awards based on the grant date fair value of such share awards for financial reporting purposes), or, with respect to the calendar year in which a non-employee director is first appointed or elected to our Board, $1,100,000.

Plan Administration. Our Board, or a duly authorized committee of our Board, has the authority to administer our 2019 Plan and is referred to as the “plan administrator” herein. Our Board may also delegate to one or more of our officers the authority to (1) designate employees (other than officers) to receive specified share awards and (2) determine the number of shares subject to such share awards. Under our 2019 Plan, the plan administrator has the authority to determine award recipients, grant dates, the numbers and types of share awards to be granted, the applicable fair market value, and the provisions of each share award, including the period of exercisability and the vesting schedule applicable to a share award.

Under the 2019 Plan, the plan administrator also generally has the authority to effect, with the consent of any adversely affected participant, (A) the reduction of the exercise, purchase, or strike price of any outstanding award; (B) the cancellation of any outstanding award and the grant in substitution therefore of other awards, cash, or other consideration; or (C) any other action that is treated as a repricing under generally accepted accounting principles.

Options. ISOs and NSOs are granted under option agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for options, within the terms and conditions of the 2019 Plan, provided that the exercise price of an option generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2019 Plan vest at the rate specified in the option agreement as determined by the plan administrator.

The plan administrator determines the term of options granted under the 2019 Plan, up to a maximum of 10 years. Unless the terms of an optionholder’s option agreement provide otherwise, if an optionholder’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases for any reason other than disability, death, or cause, the optionholder may generally exercise any vested options for a period of three months following the cessation of service. This period may be extended in the event that exercise of the option is prohibited by applicable securities laws or our insider trading policy. If an optionholder’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases due to death, or an optionholder dies within a certain period following cessation of service, the optionholder or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested options for a period of 18 months following the date of death. If an optionholder’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases due to disability, the optionholder may generally exercise any vested options for a period of 12 months following the cessation of service. In the event of a termination for cause, options generally terminate upon the termination date. In no event may an option be exercised beyond the expiration of its term.

Acceptable consideration for the purchase of common shares issued upon the exercise of an option will be determined by the plan administrator and may include (1) cash, check, bank draft or money order, (2) a broker-assisted cashless exercise, (3) a net exercise of the option if it is an NSO, or (4) other legal consideration approved by the plan administrator.

Unless the plan administrator provides otherwise, options generally are not transferable except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Subject to approval of the plan administrator or a duly authorized officer in each case, (i) an option may be transferred pursuant to a domestic relations order, official marital settlement agreement, or other divorce or separation instrument and (ii) an optionholder may designate a beneficiary who may exercise the option following the optionholder’s death.

Tax Limitations on ISOs. The aggregate fair market value, determined at the time of grant, of our common shares with respect to ISOs that are exercisable for the first time by an award holder during any calendar year under all of our equity benefit plans may not exceed $100,000. Options or portions thereof that exceed such limit will generally be treated as NSOs. No ISO may be granted to any person who, at the time of the grant, owns or is deemed to own shares possessing more than 10% of our total combined voting power or that of any of our affiliates unless (1) the option exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value of the shares subject to the option on the date of grant, and (2) the term of the ISO does not exceed five years from the date of grant.

Restricted Share Unit Awards. Restricted share unit awards are granted under restricted share unit award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. Restricted share unit awards may be granted in consideration for any form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to our Board and permissible under applicable law. A restricted share unit award may be settled by cash, delivery of shares, a combination of cash and shares as deemed appropriate by the plan administrator, or in any other form of consideration set forth in the restricted share unit award agreement. Additionally, dividend equivalents may be credited in respect of shares covered by a restricted share unit award. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, restricted share unit awards that have not vested will be forfeited once the participant’s continuous service ends for any reason.

Restricted Share Awards. Restricted share awards are granted under restricted share award agreements adopted by the plan administrator. A restricted share award may be awarded in consideration for cash, check, bank draft or money order, past or future services to us, or any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to our Board and permissible under applicable law. The plan administrator determines the terms and conditions of restricted share awards, including vesting and forfeiture terms. If a participant’s service relationship with us ends for any reason, we may receive any or all of the common shares held by the participant that have not vested as of the date the participant terminates service with us through a forfeiture condition or a repurchase right.

Share Appreciation Rights. Share appreciation rights are granted under share appreciation right agreements adopted by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the purchase price or strike price for a share appreciation right, which generally cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. A share appreciation right granted under the 2019 Plan vests at the rate specified in the share appreciation right agreement as determined by the plan administrator.

The plan administrator determines the term of share appreciation rights granted under the 2019 Plan, up to a maximum of 10 years. If a participant’s service relationship with us or any of our affiliates ceases for any reason other than cause, disability, or death, the participant may generally exercise any vested share appreciation right for a period of three months following the cessation of service. This period may be further extended in the event that exercise of the share appreciation right following such a termination of service is prohibited by applicable securities laws or our insider trading policy. If a participant’s service relationship with us, or any of our affiliates, ceases due to disability or death, or a participant dies within a certain period following cessation of service, the participant or a beneficiary may generally exercise any vested share appreciation right for a period of 12 months in the event of disability and 18 months in the event of death. In the event of a termination for cause, share appreciation rights generally terminate immediately upon the occurrence of the event giving rise to the termination of the individual for cause. In no event may a share appreciation right be exercised beyond the expiration of its term.

Performance Awards. The 2019 Plan permits the grant of performance-based share and cash awards. Our Compensation Committee may structure awards so that the share or cash will be issued or paid only following the achievement of certain pre-established performance goals during a designated performance period.

The performance goals that may be selected include one or more of the following: (i) sales; (ii) revenues; (iii) assets; (iv) expenses; (v) market penetration or expansion; (vi) earnings from operations; (vii) earnings before or after deduction for all or any portion of interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, incentives, service fees or extraordinary or special items, whether or not on a continuing operations or an aggregate or per share basis; (viii) net income or net income per common share (basic or diluted); (ix) return on equity, investment, capital or assets; (x) one or more operating ratios; (xi) borrowing levels, leverage ratios or credit rating; (xii) market share; (xiii) capital expenditures; (xiv) cash flow, free cash flow, cash flow return on investment, or net cash provided by operations; (xv) share price, dividends or total shareholder return; (xvi) development of new technologies or products; (xvii) sales of particular products or services; (xviii) economic value created or added; (xix) operating margin or profit margin; (xx) customer acquisition or retention; (xxi) raising or refinancing of capital; (xxii) successful hiring of key individuals; (xxiii) resolution of significant litigation; (xxiv) acquisitions and divestitures (in whole or in part); (xxv) joint ventures and strategic alliances; (xxvi) spin-offs, split-ups and the like; (xxvii) reorganizations; (xxviii) recapitalizations, restructurings, financings (issuance of debt or equity) or refinancings; (xxix) or strategic business criteria, consisting of one or more objectives based on the following goals: achievement of timely development, design management or enrollment, meeting specified market penetration or value added, payor acceptance, patient adherence, peer reviewed publications, issuance of new patents, establishment of or securing of licenses to intellectual property, product development or introduction (including, without limitation, any clinical trial accomplishments, regulatory or other filings, approvals or milestones, discovery of novel products, maintenance of multiple products in pipeline, product launch or other product development milestones), geographic business expansion, cost targets, cost reductions or savings, customer satisfaction, operating efficiency, acquisition or retention, employee satisfaction, information technology, corporate development (including, without limitation, licenses, innovation, research or establishment of third-party collaborations), manufacturing or process development, legal compliance or risk reduction, patent application or issuance goals, or goals relating to acquisitions, divestitures or other business combinations (in whole or in part), joint ventures or strategic alliances; and (xxx) other measures of performance selected by the Board.

The performance goals may be based on company-wide performance or performance of one or more business units, divisions, affiliates, or business segments, and may be either absolute or relative to the performance of one or more comparable companies or the performance of one or more relevant indices. Our Board is authorized at any time in its sole discretion, to adjust or modify the calculation of a performance goal for such performance period in order to prevent the dilution or enlargement of the rights of participants, (a) in the event of, or in anticipation of, any unusual or extraordinary corporate item, transaction, event or development; (b) in recognition of, or in anticipation of, any other unusual or nonrecurring events affecting us, or our financial statements in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in applicable laws, regulations, accounting principles, or business conditions; or (c) in view of the board of director’s assessment of our business strategy, performance of comparable organizations, economic and business conditions, and any other circumstances deemed relevant. Specifically, the Board is authorized to make adjustment in the method of calculating attainment of performance goals and objectives for a performance period as follows: (i) to exclude the dilutive effects of acquisitions or joint ventures; (ii) to assume that any business divested by us achieved performance objectives at targeted levels during the balance of a performance period following such divestiture; and (iii) to exclude the effect of any change in our outstanding common share by reason of any share dividend or split, share repurchase, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares or other similar corporate change, or any distributions to common shareholders other than regular cash dividends. In addition, the Board is authorized to make adjustment in the method of calculating attainment of performance goals and objectives for a performance period as follows: (i) to exclude restructuring and/or other nonrecurring charges; (ii) to exclude exchange rate effects, as applicable, for non-U.S. dollar denominated net sales and operating earnings; to exclude the effects of changes to generally accepted accounting standards required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board; (iv) to exclude the effects of any items that are “unusual” in nature or occur “infrequently” as determined under generally accepted accounting principles; (v) to exclude the effects to any statutory adjustments to corporate tax rates; and (vi) to make other appropriate adjustments selected by the Board.

Other Share Awards. The plan administrator may grant other awards based in whole or in part by reference to our common shares. The plan administrator will set the number of shares under the share award and all other terms and conditions of such awards.

Changes to Capital Structure. In the event there is a specified type of change in our capital structure, such as a share split, reverse share split, or recapitalization, appropriate adjustments will be made to (1) the class and maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan, (2) the class and maximum number of shares by which the share reserve may increase automatically each year, (3) the class and maximum number of shares that may be issued on the exercise of ISOs, (4) the class and maximum number of shares that may be awarded to any non-employee director and (5) the class and number of shares and exercise price, strike price, or purchase price, if applicable, of all outstanding share awards.

Corporate Transactions. Our 2019 Plan provides that in the event of certain specified significant corporate transactions (or a change in control, as defined below), unless otherwise provided in an award agreement or other written agreement between us and the award holder, the plan administrator may take one or more of the following actions with respect to such share awards:

The plan administrator is not obligated to treat all share awards or portions of share awards in the same manner and is not obligated to take the same actions with respect to all participants.

Under the 2019 Plan, a corporate transaction is generally the consummation of: (1) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (2) the sale or disposition of more than 50% of our outstanding securities, (3) a merger, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation where we do not survive the transaction, or (4) a merger or consolidation where we do survive the transaction but our common shares outstanding immediately before such transaction are converted or exchanged into other property by virtue of the transaction.

Change in Control. In the event of a change in control, the plan administrator may take any of the above-mentioned actions. Awards granted under the 2019 Plan may be subject to additional acceleration of vesting and exercisability upon or after a change in control as may be provided in the applicable share award agreement or in any other written agreement between us or any affiliate and the participant, but in the absence of such provision, no such acceleration will automatically occur. Under the 2019 Plan, a change in control is generally (1) the acquisition by any person or company of more than 50% of the combined voting power of our then outstanding shares, (2) a merger, amalgamation, arrangement, consolidation or similar transaction in which our shareholders immediately before the transaction do not own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the surviving entity (or the parent of the surviving entity) in substantially the same proportions as their ownership immediately prior to such transaction, (3) a sale, lease, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets other than to an entity more than 50% of the combined voting power of which is owned by our shareholders in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of our outstanding voting securities immediately prior to such transaction, (4) a complete dissolution or liquidation of the company or (5) when a majority of our Board becomes comprised of individuals who were both not serving on our Board on the date of the underwriting agreement related to our initial public offering, or the incumbent board, and whose nomination, appointment, or election was not approved by a majority of the incumbent board still in office.

Plan Amendment or Termination. Our Board has the authority to amend, suspend, or terminate our 2019 Plan, provided that such action does not materially impair the existing rights of any participant without such participant’s written consent. Certain material amendments also require the approval of our shareholders. No ISOs may be granted after the tenth anniversary of the date our Board adopts our 2019 Plan. No share awards may be granted under our 2019 Plan while it is suspended or after it is terminated. In connection with our 2022 annual meeting of shareholders, we amended the 2019 Plan to provide that (1) an additional 1,000,000 shares may be issued pursuant to share awards granted under the 2019 Plan and (2) an additional 3,000,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan pursuant to the grant of incentive stock options.

2011 Stock Option Plan

General. Our Board originally adopted and our shareholders initially approved our 2011 Plan in August 2011. We have subsequently amended and restated our 2011 Plan, most recently in October 2018, the purpose of which was to increase the number of shares available for issuance under our 2011 Plan. Our shareholders approved this recent amendment and restatement in October 2018. Our 2011 Plan terminated upon the adoption of our 2019 Plan; however, awards outstanding under our 2011 Plan will continue in full effect in accordance with their existing terms.

Share Reserve. No future stock awards will be made under our 2011 Plan. As of December 31, 2023, options to purchase 1,694,233 common shares, at exercise prices ranging from $0.84 to $9.42 per share, or a weighted-average exercise price of $2.09 per share, were outstanding under our 2011 Plan. Any common shares subject to awards under our 2011 Plan that terminate or expire prior to exercise or settlement, are forfeited because of the failure to vest, or are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the purchase or exercise price will become available for issuance under our 2019 Plan.

Administration. The Compensation Committee of our Board administers our 2011 Plan. Our Board has full authority and discretion to take any actions it deems necessary or advisable for the administration of our 2011 Plan. Our Board may cancel, amend, adjust or otherwise change any outstanding options under such circumstances as it may consider appropriate in accordance with the provisions of the 2011 Plan.

Types of Awards. Our 2011 Plan provided for the grant of incentive share options and nonstatutory share options to purchase common shares of our share capital to employees, members of our Board and consultants. Incentive share options may have only been granted only to employees.

Options. The exercise price of options granted under our 2011 Plan was equal to or exceeded the fair market value of a common share of our share capital on the grant date. Options expire at the time determined by the administrator, but in no event more than ten years after they are granted, and generally expire earlier if the optionholder’s service terminates.

Capital Reorganization. If we effect a subdivision, consolidation, or similar reorganization, or any other change in capitalization that, in the option of the administrator, warrants the replacement or amendment of any existing options, the administrator may adjust: (i) the number of common shares that may be acquired on the exercise of any options; and/or (ii) the exercise price of any outstanding options, as necessary.

Other Events Affecting the Corporation. In the event of an amalgamation, combination, merger or other reorganization involving the exchange of our common shares, by sale or lease of assets or otherwise, that, in the opinion of the administrator, in its discretion, warrants the replacement or amendment of any existing options in order to adjust: (a) the number of common shares that may be acquired on the exercise of any outstanding options; and/or (b) the exercise price of any outstanding options in order to preserve proportionately the rights and obligations of the optionees, the administrator will authorize such steps to be taken as may be equitable and appropriate to that end.

Liquidity Event. Notwithstanding anything else provided in the 2011 Plan or any option agreement, upon a liquidity event, our Board (or a committee thereof) may:

In general, a “liquidity event” means the acquisition of the company by another entity by means of any transaction or series of related transactions, which results in one person, together with any related entities of such person, acquiring beneficial ownership, or exercising direction or control, over more than 50% of the combined voting power attached to all of our outstanding securities; a sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or disposition of all or substantially all of our assets; our adoption of a plan of liquidation providing for the distribution of all or substantially all of our assets; or any other event so specified by our Board, subject to certain exceptions.

Transferability. A participant may not transfer options under our 2011 Plan other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution, or as otherwise provided under our 2011 Plan.

Plan Amendment or Termination. Subject to any shareholders agreement, our Board may terminate the 2011 Plan at any time without shareholder approval. Our Board has the authority to amend our 2011 Plan, provided that such action is approved by our shareholders to the extent shareholder approval is necessary. As described above, our 2011 Plan terminated upon the effective date of our 2019 Plan.

2019 Employee Share Purchase Plan

Our Board adopted and our shareholders approved the 2019 Employee Share Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), in April 2019. The ESPP became effective in connection with our initial public offering in May 2019. The purpose of the ESPP is to secure the services of new employees, to retain the services of existing employees, and to provide incentives for such individuals to exert maximum efforts toward our success and that of our affiliates. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423 of the Code for U.S. employees. In addition, the ESPP authorizes grants of purchase rights that do not comply with Section 423 of the Code under a separate non-423 component. In particular, where such purchase rights are granted to employees who are employed or located outside the United States, our Board may adopt rules that are beyond the scope of Section 423 of the Code.

Share Reserve. The ESPP initially authorized the issuance of 278,764 common shares of our share capital under purchase rights granted to our employees or to employees of any of our designated affiliates. The number of shares of our share capital reserved for issuance automatically increases on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2020 through January 1, 2029, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of our share capital outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase and (2) 487,837 shares; provided that before the date of any such increase, our Board may determine that such increase will be less than the amount set forth in clauses (1) and (2). As of December 31, 2023, the Company has 1,463,936 common shares available under the ESPP. As of December 31, 2023, we had issued 142,006 common shares pursuant to the ESPP.

Administration. Our Board administers the ESPP and may delegate its authority to administer the ESPP to our Compensation Committee. The ESPP is implemented through a series of offerings under which eligible employees are granted purchase rights to purchase shares of our share capital on specified dates during such offerings. Under the ESPP, we may specify offerings with durations of not more than 27 months, and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of our share capital will be purchased for employees participating in the offering. An offering under the ESPP may be terminated under certain circumstances.

Payroll Deductions. Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, employed by us or by any of our designated affiliates, may participate in the ESPP and may contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to 15% of their earnings (as defined in the ESPP) for the purchase of our share capital under the ESPP. Unless otherwise determined by our Board, common shares will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is at least the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of our share capital on the first date of an offering or (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of our share capital on the date of purchase.

Limitations. Employees may have to satisfy one or more of the following service requirements before participating in the ESPP, as determined by our Board, including: (1) being customarily employed for more than 20 hours per week, (2) being customarily employed for more than five months per calendar year or (3) continuous employment with us or one of our affiliates for a period of time (not to exceed two years). No employee may purchase shares under the ESPP at a rate in excess of $25,000 worth of our common shares based on the fair market value per share of our common shares at the beginning of an offering for each calendar year such a purchase right is outstanding. Finally, no employee will be eligible for the grant of any purchase rights under the ESPP if immediately after such rights are granted, such employee has voting power over 5% or more of our outstanding capital shares measured by vote or value under Section 424(d) of the Code.

Changes to Capital Structure. In the event that there occurs a change in our capital structure through such actions as a share split, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, reincorporation, share dividend, dividend in property other than cash, large nonrecurring cash dividend, liquidating dividend, combination of shares, exchange of shares, change in corporate structure, or similar transaction, the Board will make appropriate adjustments to: (1) the class(es) and maximum number of shares reserved under the ESPP, (2) the class(es) and maximum number of shares by which the share reserve may increase automatically each year, (3) the class(es) and number of shares subject to and purchase price applicable to outstanding offerings and purchase rights and (4) the class(es) and number of shares that are subject to purchase limits under ongoing offerings.

Corporate Transactions. In the event of certain significant corporate transactions, any then-outstanding rights to purchase our shares under the ESPP may be assumed, continued, or substituted for by any surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent company). If the surviving or acquiring entity (or its parent company) elects not to assume, continue, or substitute for such purchase rights, then the participants’ accumulated payroll contributions will be used to purchase shares of our share capital within 10 business days before such corporate transaction, and such purchase rights will terminate immediately.

Under the ESPP, a corporate transaction is generally the consummation of: (1) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (2) the sale or disposition of more than 50% of our outstanding securities, (3) a merger, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation where we do not survive the transaction and (4) a merger, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation where we do survive the transaction but the shares of our share capital outstanding immediately before such transaction are converted or exchanged into other property by virtue of the transaction.

Amendment or Termination. Our Board has the authority to amend or terminate our ESPP, provided that except in certain circumstances such amendment or termination may not materially impair any outstanding purchase rights without the holder’s consent. We will obtain shareholder approval of any amendment to our ESPP as required by applicable law or listing requirements

Non-Employee Director Compensation

Prior to our initial public offering in May 2019, we did not historically have a formal compensation policy with respect to service on our Board, but we had reimbursed our non-employee directors for direct expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings of our Board or its committees, and occasionally granted share options.

In April 2019, our Board approved a non-employee director compensation policy that became effective in connection with our initial public offering in May 2019. This policy was amended in April 2020, February 2023, July 2023 and March 2024 and was most recently amended again in July 2024. Under this policy, as amended, we pay each of our non-employee directors a cash retainer for service on the Board and for service on each committee on which the director is a member. The chairperson of each committee receives a higher retainer for such service. These retainers are payable in arrears in four equal quarterly installments on the last day of each quarter, provided that the amount of such payment will be prorated for any portion of such quarter that the director is not serving on our Board or the applicable committee. No retainers were paid in respect of any period prior to the completion of our initial public offering in May 2019. The retainers paid to non-employee directors for service on the Board and for service on each committee of the Board on which the director is a member are as follows:

In addition, under our non-employee director compensation policy, each non-employee director elected to our Board receives an option to purchase 42,000 of our common shares. The shares subject to each such option vest monthly over a three-year period, subject to the director’s continued service as a director. Further, on the date of the annual meeting of the shareholders, each non-employee director that continues to serve as a non-employee member on our Board will receive an option to purchase 80,000 of our common shares. The shares subject to each such option will vest in twelve equal monthly installments following the date of grant, provided that such grant shall in any case vest in full on the date of the next year’s annual grant, subject to the director’s continued service as a director, and provided further, that such shares will vest in full upon a change in control (as defined in the 2019 Plan). The exercise price per share of these options will equal the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant.

This policy is intended to provide a total compensation package that enables us to attract and retain qualified and experienced individuals to serve as directors and to align our directors’ interests with those of our shareholders.

Director Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation earned for service on our Board by our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 2023. Joseph Oliveto also served on our Board, but did not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director and therefore is not included in the table below. Seth H.Z. Fischer was appointed to our board in March 2023.

The compensation for Joseph Oliveto as a named executive officer is set forth above under “—Summary Compensation Table.”

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table provides certain information with respect to all of our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2023.

For more detail regarding the Company’s equity compensation plans, see the section entitled “Equity Incentive Plans” starting on page 53 further above in this Proxy Statement.

For more detail regarding individual compensation agreements providing for equity compensation, see the section entitled “Employment Arrangements” starting on page 50 further above in this Proxy Statement

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

The following includes a summary of transactions and agreements since January 1, 2023 and any currently proposed transactions or agreements, to which we were, or are to be, a participant (or to which any of our subsidiaries was, or is to be, a participant), in which (1) the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, and (2) any of the following persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation and other arrangements that are described under the section titled “Executive Compensation”: (i) any director; (ii) director nominee; (iii) executive officer; (iv) holders of more than 5% of our share capital; (v) any person who beneficially owns, or controls or directs, directly or indirectly, voting securities of the Company or a combination of both carrying more than 10% of the voting rights attached to all outstanding voting securities of the Company other than voting securities held by the person as underwriter in the course of a distribution; and (vi) a director or executive officer of any of the Company’s subsidiary or of any person set forth in the preceding clause (v); and (vii) associates, affiliates or members of the immediate family of any person set forth in the preceding clauses (i)-(vi).

We believe the terms obtained or consideration that we paid or received, as applicable, in connection with the transactions described below were comparable to terms available or the amounts that we would pay or receive, as applicable, in arm’s-length transactions.

Registration Rights Agreement

We are party to a third amended and restated registration rights agreement, dated October 15, 2018, with certain holders of common shares issued upon conversion of preferred shares. This agreement provides that these holders are entitled to certain registration rights, including the right to demand that we file a registration statement or request that their shares be covered by a registration statement that we otherwise file. The registration rights will terminate upon the earliest of (i) the occurrence of certain mergers or consolidations of the Company, (ii) the date on which the shares that are the subject to the agreement are publicly sold, or if they may be publicly sold: (x) pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act and (y) Section 2.5 of Regulation 45-102 respecting Resale of Securities, as adopted by the Canadian Securities Administrators of and (iii) five years after the completion of such offering.

Cooperation Agreement

On July 14, 2024, we entered into the Cooperation Agreement with Alta Fundamental Advisors LLC a Delaware limited liability company ( “Alta”), regarding the membership and composition of our Board. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the Company appointed Mr. Duty and Mr. Saik to our Board, and agreed to appoint one additional director, as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of the Cooperation Agreement (and in any event prior to September 6, 2024. The Cooperation Agreement also contains customary standstill, mutual non-disparagement and expense reimbursement provisions. The Cooperation Agreement, including the standstill and non-disparagement provisions therein, remains in effect until the conclusion of the 2025 Annual Meeting unless the Cooperation Agreement is earlier terminated in accordance with its terms

While the Cooperation Agreement is in effect, Alta has agreed to vote all of their shares of the Company in accordance with the Board’s recommendations on all proposals or business that may be the subject of shareholder action at shareholder meetings, except (i) if either Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. or Glass Lewis & Co., LLC issues a voting recommendation that differs from the Board’s recommendation with respect to any proposals (other than a proposal with respect to director elections or removal), and (ii) Alta shall be permitted to vote in its sole discretion with respect to certain any Extraordinary Transaction (as defined in the Cooperation Agreement) that is subject to a vote of the Company’s shareholders.

Private Placements

Royalty Purchase Agreement

On March 27, 2023, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Royalty Purchase Agreement”) with RTW Investments, LP and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “RTW”).

Pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, RTW agreed to purchase, following U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval of etripamil (subject to certain conditions), in exchange for a purchase price of $75.0 million, the right to receive a tiered quarterly royalty payments (the “royalty interest”) on the annual net product sales of etripamil in the United States in an amount equal to: (i) 7% (the “Initial Tier Royalty”) of annual net sales up to $500 million, (ii) 4% of annual net sales greater than $500 million and less than or equal to $800 million, and (iii) 1% of annual net sales greater than $800 million. If certain revenue thresholds for aggregate annual net sales in the United States are not met, the Initial Tier Royalty will increase to 9.5% beginning on January 1 of the following calendar year until a subsequent sales threshold is attained, at which time the Initial Tier Royalty would revert back to 7%.

The Royalty Purchase Agreement contains various representations and warranties, covenants, indemnification obligations and other provisions customary for transactions of this nature, including the grant of a back-up security interests in the purchased royalties and certain assets related to etripamil and restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness.

Note Purchase Agreement

On March 27, 2023, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (as amended, the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with RTW. Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, on March 29, 2023, we issued and sold $50 million principal amount of 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Convertible Notes”) to RTW.

The 2029 Convertible Notes are senior secured obligations and are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by our wholly owned subsidiary, Milestone Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. Interest at the annual rate of 6.0% is payable quarterly in cash or, at our option, payable in kind for the first three years. The maturity date for the 2029 Convertible Notes will be March 31, 2029 (the “Maturity Date”). The obligations under the 2029 Convertible Notes are secured by substantially all of our and our subsidiary guarantor’s assets.

Each $1,000 of principal of the 2029 Convertible Notes (including any interest added thereto as payment in kind) is convertible into 191.0548 shares of our common shares, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.23 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. In addition, following a notice of redemption or certain corporate events that occur prior to the Maturity Date, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a Holder who elects to convert its 2029 Convertible Notes in connection with such notice of redemption or corporate event.

Subject to specified conditions, on or after March 27, 2027, the 2029 Convertible Notes are redeemable by us if the closing sale price of the common shares exceeds 150% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2029 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

The Note Purchase Agreement contains customary terms and covenants, including negative covenants, such as limitations on indebtedness, liens, disposition of royalty interest and mergers. The Note Purchase Agreement also contains customary events of default, including defaults related to payment compliance, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties, covenant compliance, bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings, cross defaults to certain other agreements, judgment default and certain clinical trial failures.

March 2024 Private Placement

 On March 4, 2024, we issued and sold to certain institutional and accredited investors (the “Investors”) in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) an aggregate of 19,666,667 of the Company’s common shares (the “Shares”), without par value, in addition to pre-funded warrants (the “Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 3,333,333 shares of common stock. The purchase price per Share was $1.50 (or $1.499 per Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the purchase price per Share to be sold in the Private Placement, minus the $0.001 per share exercise price of each such Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrants). Affiliates of RTW Investments, LP, an existing investor that previously held five percent or more of the Company’s outstanding common shares, purchased all the Private Placement Pre-Funded Warrants.

Other Transactions

We have entered into various employment-related agreements with our executive officers that, among other things, provide for compensatory and certain change in control benefits. For a description of these agreements and arrangements, see the section titled “Executive Compensation.”

We have also granted options to purchase shares of our common shares to our executive officers and directors. For a description of these options, see the section titled “Executive Compensation.”

Indemnity Agreements

We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnity agreements with each of our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our Bylaws. These indemnity agreements provide our directors and executive officers with contractual rights to indemnification and, in some cases, expense advancement in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers or as a director or executive officer of any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. For more information regarding these indemnity agreements, see “Management—Limitation on Liability and Indemnification Matters.”

Related Party Transaction Policy

In connection with the completion of our initial public offering in May 2019, our Board adopted a written related party transaction policy that sets forth our procedures for the identification, review, consideration and approval or ratification of related party transactions. For purposes of this policy only, a “related person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which we and any related person are participants involving an amount that exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to us as an employee, consultant or director are not considered related-person transactions under this policy. A “related person” is any executive officer, director, nominee to become a director or a holder of more than 5% of our share capital, or any affiliate or member of the immediate family of the foregoing.

Under the policy, where a transaction has been identified as a related-person transaction, management must present information regarding the proposed related-person transaction to our Audit Committee or, where review by our Audit Committee would be inappropriate due to a conflict of interest, to another independent body of our Board, for review. The presentation must include a description of, among other things, all of the parties, the direct and indirect interests of the related persons, the purpose of the transaction, the material facts, the benefits of the transaction to us and whether any alternative transactions are available, an assessment of whether the terms are comparable to the terms available from unrelated third parties and management’s recommendation. To identify related-person transactions in advance, we rely on information supplied by our executive officers, directors and certain significant shareholders. In considering related-person transactions, our Audit Committee or another independent body of our Board takes into account the relevant available facts and circumstances including, but not limited to:

All of the transactions described in this section that occurred prior to the completion of our initial public offering in May 2019 were entered into prior to the adoption of this policy. Although prior to May 2019 we did not have a written policy for the review and approval of transactions with related persons, our Board had historically reviewed and approved any transaction where a director or officer had a financial interest, including the transactions described above. Prior to approving such a transaction, the material facts as to a director’s or officer’s relationship or interest in the agreement or transaction were disclosed to our Board. Our Board took this information into account when evaluating the transaction and in determining whether such transaction was fair to us and in the best interest of all our shareholders. Since the completion of our initial public offering in May 2019 and the implementation of our related persons transactions policy, our Board has complied with the provisions of this policy in analyzing such transactions.

Prohibition on Hedging and Other Share Trading Practices

We maintain an Insider Trading Policy that, among other things, prohibits all of our directors, employees and consultants, including our named executive officers, from engaging in short sales, hedging of our share ownership positions and transactions involving derivative securities relating to our capital stock. Our Insider Trading Policy also prohibits trading without the prior approval of our clearing officer. Further, subject to the provisions of the Insider Trading Policy, we permit our directors and certain employees, including our named executive officers, to adopt the Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1 trading plans (“10b5-1 plans”). Under our Insider Trading Policy, 10b5-1 plans may only be adopted or modified with the approval of our clearing officer under our Insider Trading Policy and only when such individual does not otherwise possess material nonpublic information about the Company.

SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS AND DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS

FOR THE 2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

Submitting Shareholder Proposals for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders

A shareholder who is entitled to vote at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders may raise a shareholder proposal for consideration at such Annual Meeting of Shareholders. We will consider such shareholder proposal for inclusion in the proxy materials for the 2025 Annual Meeting only if, among other conditions and requirements, our Corporate Secretary receives such proposal (at 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec, H4M 2X6, Canada):

The use of certified mail, return receipt, is advised.

Submitting Director Nominations for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders

Our Bylaws provide that shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as Directors must provide timely notice in writing to the Company’s secretary by personal delivery or facsimile transmission at the number shown on the Company’s issuer profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The purpose of this advance notice requirement is to: (i) inform the Company of nominees for election at a shareholder meeting proposed by a shareholder sufficiently in advance of such meeting; (ii) provide an opportunity to inform all shareholders of any potential proxy contest and proposed Director nominees sufficiently in advance of the meeting; and (iii) enable the Board to make informed recommendations or present alternatives to shareholders.

To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be received by the Company:

Our Bylaws also prescribe the proper written form for a shareholder’s notice as well as additional requirements in connection with nominations. Subject to the Board’s discretion as provided in our Bylaws, shareholders who fail to comply with the advance notice requirements and the other requirements set out in the Bylaws, would not be entitled to make nominations for Directors at an annual or special meeting of shareholders.

In addition to satisfying the foregoing requirements under our Bylaws, to comply with the universal proxy rules, shareholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than our nominees must provide notice that sets forth the information required by Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act no later than June 30, 2025. If the date of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the date of the Annual Meeting, such notice must instead be provided by the later of 60 calendar days prior to the date of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders or the 10th calendar day following public announcement by the Company of the date of the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

COMMUNICATION WITH THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Shareholders and other interested parties may contact the Company’s Directors or independent Directors in writing, as a group or individually, by directing their correspondence to the attention of Milestone Investor Relations, Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec, H4M 2X6, Canada. Shareholders and other interested parties may also contact the Company’s Directors by calling the Company’s helpline in the United States and Canada at 1-866-207-4739 or by sending an email to our Compliance Officer at [email protected]. The Company’s compliance officer will log incoming information and forward appropriate messages promptly to the Director(s). Communications are distributed to the Board or to any individual Director or Directors as appropriate, depending on the facts and circumstances outlined in the communication.

Certain items that are unrelated to the duties and responsibilities of the Board will not be distributed to the Board, such as mass mailings, product complaints, product inquiries, new product suggestions, resumes and other forms of job inquiries, surveys and business solicitations or advertisements. In addition, material that is inappropriate or unsuitable will be excluded, with the provision that any communication that is excluded must be made available to any non-employee Director upon request.

Communications that include information better addressed by the Audit Committee will be addressed directly by that Committee.

ANNUAL REPORT AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Our financial information is contained in the Company’s consolidated annual financial statements and related management discussion and analysis (the “MD&A”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Our Annual Report is available on the Internet at our website at www.milestonepharma.com (under the tab “Investors” and under the subtab “Annual Reports Archive”) or on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or through the SEC’s electronic data system called EDGAR at www.sec.gov. To request a printed copy of our Annual Report or consolidated financial statements and related MD&A as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, which we will provide to you without charge, either write to Milestone Investor Relations at Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec H4M 2X6, Canada, or send an email to Milestone Investor Relations at [email protected]. Neither the Annual Report nor the consolidated financial statements and related MD&A as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 form part of the material for the solicitation of proxies. Additional information relating to the Company may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com or on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

PROXY SOLICITATION

We will bear the entire cost of solicitation, including the preparation, assembly, Internet hosting, maintaining a dedicated call line and printing and mailing the Notice and any other paper proxy materials that may be sent by mail. In addition to soliciting proxies by telephone, Internet and mail, Directors, officers or employees of the Company may, without special compensation, solicit proxies in person, by telephone, telegraph, courier service, advertisement, telecopier or other electronic means. We will bear the entire cost of solicitation, including the preparation, assembly, Internet hosting, maintaining a dedicated call line, and printing and mailing the Notice and any other paper proxy materials that may be sent by mail. We will pay those entities holding common shares in the names of their beneficial owners, such as brokers, nominees, fiduciaries and other custodians for their reasonable fees and expenses in forwarding solicitation material to their beneficial owners and for obtaining their instructions.

HOUSEHOLDING OF PROXY MATERIALS

Companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) are permitted under the SEC’s rules to satisfy the delivery requirements for proxy materials and annual reports with respect to two or more shareholders sharing the same address by delivering a single management proxy circular and proxy statement addressed to those shareholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for shareholders and cost savings for companies.

A number of brokers with account holders who are our shareholders “household” our proxy materials. A single management proxy circular and proxy statement will be delivered to multiple shareholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected shareholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that they will be “householding” communications to your address, “householding” will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. If you prefer to receive multiple copies of the separate management proxy circular and proxy statement or Notice Regarding Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, as applicable, at the same address for the Annual Meeting or for any future Annual Meetings of Shareholders, additional copies will be provided promptly upon written or oral request to your broker, or by contacting us at Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., Attn: Investor Relations, 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec H4M 2X6, Canada, telephone 514-336-0444. Shareholders who currently receive multiple copies of the Proxy Statement or Notice Regarding Internet Availability of Proxy Materials at their address and would like to request “householding” of their communications should contact their broker.

MISCELLANEOUS

If any other matters are properly presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting, including, among other things, consideration of a motion to adjourn the Meeting to another time or place in order to solicit additional proxies in favor of the recommendation of the Board, the designated proxyholders intend to vote the common shares represented by the Proxies appointing them on such matters in accordance with the recommendation of the Board and the authority to do so is included in the Proxy.

As of the date this Proxy Statement, the Board knows of no other matters which are likely to come before the Annual Meeting. If any amendment, variation or other business is properly brought before the meeting, the enclosed Proxy confers discretion on the persons named on the form of proxy to vote on such matter.

Montréal, Québec

July 15, 2024

WE WILL MAIL WITHOUT CHARGE UPON WRITTEN REQUEST A COPY OF OUR MOST RECENT ANNUAL REPORT, INCLUDING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SCHEDULES AND A LIST OF EXHIBITS. REQUESTS SHOULD BE SENT TO: CORPORATE SECRETARY, MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC., 1111 Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montréal, Québec H4M 2X6, Canada. THE ANNUAL REPORT IS ALSO AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE ON THE COMPANY WEBSITE: WWW.MILESTONEPHARMA.COM.

ANNEX A

MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

MANDATE OF THE

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The board of directors (the “Board”) of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company”) is elected by shareholders and is responsible for the stewardship of the activities and affairs of the Company. The Board seeks to discharge such responsibility by reviewing, discussing and approving the Company’s strategic planning and organizational structure and supervising management to oversee that the strategic planning and organizational structure preserve and enhance the business of the Company and the Company’s underlying value.

DUTIES OF DIRECTORS

The Board discharges its responsibility for overseeing the management of the Company’s business by delegating to the Company’s senior officers the responsibility for day-to-day management of the Company. The Board discharges its responsibilities both directly and by delegation through its committees. In addition to these regular committees, the Board may appoint ad hoc committees periodically to address certain issues of a more short-term nature.

The Board’s primary roles are overseeing the Company’s performance and the quality, depth and continuity of management needed to meet the Company’s strategic objectives.

Other principal duties, which may be carried out directly or via one or more committees, include, but are not limited to the following categories:

Appointment of Management

Board Organization

Strategic Planning

Monitoring of Financial Performance and Other Financial Reporting Matters

Risk Management

Policies and Procedures

Communications and Reporting

Certain Individual Responsibilities of the Members of the Board

REVIEW AND DISCLOSURE

The Board shall review and reassess the adequacy of this Mandate for the Board of Directors (the “Mandate”) periodically and otherwise as it deems appropriate and amend it accordingly. The performance of the Board shall be evaluated with reference to this Mandate.

The Board shall ensure that this Mandate is disclosed on the Company’s website and that this Mandate or a summary of it which has been approved by the NCG Committee is disclosed in accordance with all applicable securities laws or regulatory requirements.

Dated this 8th day of May, 2019