SEC Form DEF 14A filed by Rani Therapeutics Holdings Inc.

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Dear Stockholder:

You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of RANI THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”). The meeting will be held on Wednesday, May 28, 2025 at 8:00 a.m. Pacific Time. To facilitate stockholder participation in the Annual Meeting, the Annual Meeting will be held through a live webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025. You will not be able to attend the meeting in person. The meeting will be held for the following purposes:

These items of business are more fully described in the Proxy Statement accompanying this Notice.

This year's Annual Meeting will be held virtually through a live webcast. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting and vote during the live webcast by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025 and entering the 16-digit Control Number included in your Notice of Internet Availability or in the instructions that you received via email. Please refer to the additional logistical details and recommendations in the accompanying proxy statement. You may log-in beginning at 7:45 a.m. Pacific Time, on May 28, 2025.

The record date for the Annual Meeting is April 2, 2025. Only stockholders of record at the close of business on that date may vote at the meeting or any adjournment thereof.

By Order of the Board of Directors

San Jose, California

April 16, 2025

Pursuant to rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials over the internet. Accordingly, we have sent you a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) because the Board of Directors of Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. (sometimes referred to as “Rani Holdings”, and together with its subsidiary, Rani Therapeutics, LLC (“Rani LLC”), as “us”, “our, “we” and the “Company”) is soliciting your proxy to vote at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, including at any adjournments or postponements of the meeting. All stockholders will have the ability to access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice or request to receive a printed set of the proxy materials. Instructions on how to access the proxy materials over the internet or to request a printed copy may be found in the Notice.

We intend to mail the Notice on or about April 16, 2025 to all stockholders of record entitled to vote at the annual meeting.

We may send you a proxy card, along with a second Notice, on or after April 26, 2025.

To facilitate stockholder participation in the annual meeting, the annual meeting will be held through a live webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025. You will not be able to attend the annual meeting in person. If you attend the annual meeting online, you will be able to vote at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025.

You are entitled to attend the annual meeting if you were a stockholder as of the close of business on April 2, 2025, the record date, or hold a valid proxy for the meeting. To be admitted to the annual meeting, you will need to visit www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025 and enter the 16-digit Control Number found next to the label “Control Number” on your Notice of Internet Availability, proxy card or voting instruction form, or in the email sending you the Proxy Statement. If you are a beneficial stockholder, you should contact the bank, broker or other institution where you hold your account well in advance of the meeting if you have questions about obtaining your control number.

Whether or not you participate in the annual meeting, it is important that you vote your shares.

We encourage you to access the annual meeting before it begins. Online check-in will start approximately 15 minutes before the meeting on May 28, 2025.

Please note that if you do not have your Control Number and you are a registered stockholder, you will be able to login as a guest. To view the meeting webcast visit www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025 and register as a guest. If you login as a guest, you will not be able to vote your shares during the meeting.

If you are a beneficial owner (that is, you hold your shares in an account at a bank, broker or other holder of record), you will need to contact that bank, broker or other holder of record to obtain your Control Number prior to the annual meeting.

A list of our record stockholders as of the close of business on the record date will be made available to stockholders during the meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025. In addition, for the ten days prior to the annual meeting, the list will be available for examination by any stockholder of record for a legally valid purpose at our corporate headquarters during regular business hours. To access the list of record stockholders beginning May 18, 2025 and until the meeting, stockholders should email [email protected].

If you have difficulty accessing the meeting, there will be technical support telephone numbers on the log in page at www.virtualshareholdersmeeting.com/RANI2025.

Stockholders may submit questions that are relevant to our business in advance of the annual meeting. If you are a stockholder, you may submit a question in advance of the meeting by emailing your question to [email protected] or sending a letter with your question to Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., Secretary, 2051 Ringwood Avenue, San Jose, CA 95131. You must put “Annual Meeting Question” in the subject line or at the top of the letter, and state your full name and whether you hold shares as a stockholder of record or beneficial owner. To be considered, questions must be received by the Company on or before 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on May 18, 2025. Questions pertinent to meeting matters will be addressed through prepared remarks at the annual meeting.

Yes, a replay of the annual meeting webcast will be available at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RANI2025 for one year.

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on April 2, 2025 will be entitled to vote at the annual meeting. On the record date, there were 33,570,253 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and entitled to vote and 23,971,852 shares of Class B common stock outstanding and entitled to vote.

If on April 2, 2025 your shares were registered directly in your name with Rani Holdings’ transfer agent, Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, then you are a stockholder of record. As a stockholder of record, you may vote online at the meeting or vote by proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, we urge you to vote by proxy over the telephone, vote by proxy through the internet or vote by proxy using a proxy card that you may request or that we may elect to deliver at a later time to ensure your vote is counted.

If on April 2, 2025, your shares were held, not in your name, but rather in an account at a brokerage firm, bank or other similar organization, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and the Notice is being forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered to be the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the annual meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other agent regarding how to vote the shares in your account. You are also invited to attend the annual meeting online. However, since you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares at the meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or other agent.

The Board of Directors knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the annual meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on those matters in accordance with their best judgment.

You may either vote “For” all the nominees to the Board of Directors or you may “Withhold” your vote for any nominee you specify. For each of the other matters to be voted on, you may vote “For” or “Against” or abstain from voting.

The procedures for voting are fairly simple:

If you are a stockholder of record, you may vote by proxy over the telephone, vote by proxy through the internet, vote online at the annual meeting or vote by proxy using a proxy card that you may request or that we may elect to deliver at a later time. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, we urge you to vote by proxy to ensure your vote is counted. You may still attend the meeting and vote at the meeting even if you have already voted by proxy.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of Broker or Bank

If you are a beneficial owner of shares registered in the name of your broker, bank or other agent, you should have received a notice containing voting instructions from that organization rather than from Rani Holdings. To vote prior to the meeting, simply follow the voting instructions in the notice to ensure that your vote is counted. However, since you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares at the meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or other agent.

On each matter to be voted upon, you are entitled to one vote for each share of Class A common stock you own as of April 2, 2025 and 10 votes for each share of Class B common stock you own as of April 2, 2025.

If you are a stockholder of record and do not vote by completing your proxy card, by telephone, through the internet or online at the annual meeting, your shares will not be voted.

If you return a signed and dated proxy card or otherwise vote without marking voting selections, your shares will be voted, as applicable, “For” the election of all eight nominees for director and “For” the ratification of the selection by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of CBIZ CPAs P.C. as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. If any other matter is properly presented at the meeting, your proxyholder (one of the individuals named on your proxy card) will vote your shares using his or her best judgment.

If you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name and you do not instruct your broker, bank or other agent how to vote your shares, your broker, bank or other agent may still be able to vote your shares in its discretion. Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), brokers, banks and other securities intermediaries that are subject to NYSE rules may use their discretion to vote your “uninstructed” shares with respect to matters considered to be “routine” under NYSE rules, but not with respect to “non-routine” matters. In this regard, Proposal 1 is considered to be “non-routine” under NYSE rules meaning that your broker may not vote your shares on that proposal in the absence of your voting instructions. However, Proposal 2 is considered to be a “routine” matter under NYSE rules meaning that if you do not return voting instructions to your broker by its deadline, your shares may be voted by your broker in its discretion on Proposal 2. If you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name, and you do not plan to attend the meeting, in order to ensure your shares are voted in the way you would prefer, you must provide voting instructions to your broker, bank or other agent by the deadline provided in the materials you receive from your broker, bank or other agent.

We will pay for the entire cost of soliciting proxies. In addition to these proxy materials, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone, or by other means of communication. Directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies. We may also reimburse brokerage firms, banks and other agents for the cost of forwarding proxy materials to beneficial owners.

If you receive more than one Notice, your shares may be registered in more than one name or in different accounts. Please follow the voting instructions on the Notices to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

Yes. You can revoke your proxy at any time before the final vote at the meeting. If you are the record holder of your shares, you may revoke your proxy in any one of the following ways:

Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., Secretary

2051 Ringwood Avenue

San Jose, California 95131

Your most current proxy card or telephone or internet proxy is the one that is counted.

If your shares are held by your broker, bank or other agent, you should follow the instructions provided by your broker, bank or other agent.

To be considered for inclusion in next year’s proxy materials, your proposal must be submitted in writing by December 17, 2025, to:

Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., Secretary

2051 Ringwood Avenue

San Jose, California 95131

If you wish to submit a proposal (including a director nomination) at the meeting that is not to be included in next year’s proxy materials, you must do so between January 28, 2026 and February 27, 2026. In addition, shareholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Company’s nominees must also comply with the additional requirements of Rule 14a-19(b).

In the event that we hold the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders more than 30 days before or after the one-year anniversary of the 2025 annual meeting, notice of a stockholder proposal that is not intended to be included in our proxy statement must be received no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders and no later than the close of business on the later of the following two dates:

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election appointed for the meeting, who will separately count, for the proposal to elect directors, votes “For,” “Withhold” and broker non-votes; and, with respect to the other proposal, votes “For” and “Against,” abstentions and, if applicable, broker non-votes. Abstentions will be counted towards the vote total for Proposal 2, and will have the same effect as “Against” votes. Broker non-votes on Proposal 1 will have no effect and will not be counted towards the vote total for either of the proposals.

As discussed above, when a beneficial owner of shares held in street name does not give voting instructions to his or her broker, bank or other securities intermediary holding his or her shares as to how to vote on matters deemed to be “non-routine” under NYSE rules, the broker, bank or other such agent cannot vote the shares. These un-voted shares are counted as “broker non-votes.” Proposal 1 is considered to be “non-routine” under NYSE rules and we therefore expect broker non-votes to exist in connection with that proposal.

As a reminder, if you are a beneficial owner of shares held in street name, in order to ensure your shares are voted in the way you would prefer, you must provide voting instructions to your broker, bank or other agent by the deadline provided in the materials you receive from your broker, bank or other agent.

For the election of directors, the eight nominees receiving the most “For” votes from the holders of shares present virtually or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the election of directors will be elected. Only votes “For” will affect the outcome.

To be approved, Proposal No. 2, ratification of the selection of CBIZ CPAs P.C. as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, must receive “For” votes from the holders of a majority of the voting power of shares present virtually or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. If you “Abstain” from voting, it will have the same effect as an “Against” vote.

A quorum of stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present if stockholders holding at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote are present at the meeting virtually or represented by proxy. On the record date, there were 33,570,253 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and entitled to vote and 23,971,852 shares of Class B common stock outstanding and entitled to vote.

Your shares will be counted towards the quorum only if you submit a valid proxy (or one is submitted on your behalf by your broker, bank or other nominee) or if you vote online at the meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the quorum requirement. If there is no quorum, the holders of a majority of the voting power of shares present at the meeting virtually or represented by proxy may adjourn the meeting to another date.

Preliminary voting results will be announced at the annual meeting. In addition, final voting results will be published in a current report on Form 8-K that we expect to file within four business days after the annual meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Form 8-K within four business days after the meeting, we intend to file a Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and, within four business days after the final results are known to us, file an additional Form 8-K to publish the final results.

Rani Holdings’ Board of Directors currently consists of eight directors. There are eight nominees for director this year. Each director to be elected and qualified will hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is elected, or, if sooner, until the director’s death, resignation or removal. Each of the nominees listed below is currently a director of the Company who was previously elected by the stockholders. Although the Company does not have a formal policy regarding attendance by members of the Board of Directors at annual meetings of stockholders, all directors are encouraged to attend. Six directors attended the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes of the holders of shares present virtually or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Accordingly, the eight nominees receiving the highest number of affirmative votes will be elected. Shares represented by executed proxies will be voted, if authority to do so is not withheld, for the election of the eight nominees named below. If any nominee becomes unavailable for election as a result of an unexpected occurrence, shares that would have been voted for that nominee will instead be voted for the election of a substitute nominee proposed by Rani Holdings. Each person nominated for election has agreed to serve if elected. The Company’s management has no reason to believe that any nominee will be unable to serve.

The following is a brief biography of each nominee for director and a discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each nominee that led the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to recommend that person as a nominee for director, as of the date of this proxy statement.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee seeks to assemble a board that, as a whole, possesses the appropriate balance of professional and industry knowledge, financial expertise and high-level management experience necessary to oversee and direct the Company’s business. To that end, the committee has identified and evaluated nominees in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition, with the goal of recruiting members who complement and strengthen the skills of other members and who also exhibit integrity, collegiality, sound business judgment and other qualities and expertise that the committee views as critical to effective functioning of the Board. The Board believes it is important to develop a diverse and experienced board of directors. To provide a mix of experience and perspective on the board, the committee takes into account various factors, including diversity (including diversity of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, and cultural background), integrity, skills and experience. The brief biographies below include information, as of the date of this proxy statement, regarding the specific and particular experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each director or nominee that led the committee to believe that that the nominees should continue to serve on the Board. However, each of the members of the committee may have a variety of reasons why he or she believes a particular person would be an appropriate nominee for the Board, and these views may differ from the views of other members.

Talat Imran. Mr. Imran has served as a member of our Board of Directors and our Chief Executive Officer since June 2021. From January 2014 to June 2021, Mr. Imran served as our Vice President, Strategy. Previously, Mr. Imran served as a partner at InCube Ventures, LP, a venture capital company in the healthcare sector, from May 2007 to June 2021, as co-founder and Managing Director of VentureHealth, a healthcare investment company, from December 2012 to June 2021, and as Chief Executive Officer of Venture Web Partners, a web design, development and hosting firm, from June 2006 to December 2016. He earned a B.A. in Computer Science from the University of California, Santa Cruz. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that Mr. Imran’s prior history

as chief executive officer positions him to contribute to the Board of Directors his extensive knowledge of the Company and to provide Board continuity. Mr. Imran is the son of Mir Imran, a director and the Chairman of the Company, and a nephew of Mir Hashim, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer.

Mir Imran. Mr. Imran founded Rani Therapeutics, LLC and has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 2012. From February 2012 to June 2021, he served as our President and Chief Executive Officer, and since June 2021, as our Chairman. Since November 2012, Mr. Imran has served as a co-founder and a Managing Director of InCube Ventures, LP and InCube Crowdfunding, LLC, venture capital companies in the healthcare sector. Since 1995, Mr. Imran has also served as the Chairman of InCube Labs, LLC, a research company that he founded. Mr. Imran is a fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineers, the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Inventors. Mr. Imran earned a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Rutgers University, and attended Rutgers Medical School. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Mr. Imran is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his experience in the healthcare sector and medical device research and his extensive knowledge of our Company. Mr. Imran is the father of Talat Imran, a director and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and a brother of Mir Hashim, the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer.

Dennis Ausiello, M.D. Dr. Ausiello has served as a member of our Board of Directors since September 2018. Dr. Ausiello serves as the Director of the Center for Assessment Technology and Continuous Health (CATCH), which he co-founded, Jackson Distinguished Professor of Clinical Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Physician-in-Chief Emeritus at Massachusetts General Hospital. From 1996 to April 2013, Dr. Ausiello served as the Chief of Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Ausiello is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Ausiello has served on the board of directors of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an RNA interference company, since April 2012, the board of directors of Seres Therapeutics, Inc., a microbiome therapeutics company, since April 2015 and previously served on the board of directors of Pfizer Inc., a pharmaceuticals company. Dr. Ausiello received a B.A. in Biochemistry from Harvard College and an M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Dr. Ausiello is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his leadership experience in the medical field, including in finance and research.

Jean-Luc Butel. Mr. Butel has served as a member of our Board of Directors since April 2021. Mr. Butel currently serves on the board of directors of multiple companies, including Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, a global pharmaceuticals company, since June 2016, Novo Holdings A/S, a life science investment company, since June 2017, and JanaCare, a digital health company, since March 2019. Since June 2015, he has also served as President and Global Healthcare Advisor at K8 Global Pte Ltd., a business consulting firm. Mr. Butel served on the board of directors of Varian Medical Systems Inc., a medical equipment manufacturer, from February 2017 to April 2021. From July 2015 to September 2019, Mr. Butel served on the board of directors of BioMers Pte Ltd., a dental product manufacturer. Mr. Butel served as a member of the Singapore Economic Development Board, from January 2012 to January 2018, and as the Chair of the Finance Committee from March 2017 to March 2018. Mr. Butel also served as a Senior Advisor for the Healthcare Systems and Services group at McKinsey & Company, a management consulting firm, from July 2015 to January 2017. Mr. Butel earned a B.A. from George Washington University and an M.B.A from Thunderbird School of Global Management. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Mr. Butel is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his leadership experience in healthcare companies.

Laureen DeBuono. Ms. DeBuono has served as a member of our Board of Directors since April 2021. Ms. DeBuono has served as a partner of FLG Partners, LLC, a financial consulting and advisory firm, since October 2011 and, from May 2020 to early 2025, she served as the firm’s Managing Partner. From August 2018 to December 2019, she served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Govino, LLC, a sustainable wine glass distributor. From February 2018 to April 2019, Ms. DeBuono served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer and Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of HotelTonight, a mobile travel booking company that was acquired in April 2019 by Airbnb, Inc. Prior to this, from May 2017 to February 2018, she served as the Chief Operating Officer for Circa of America, LLC, a private-label textiles company. From January 2014 to January 2017, Ms. DeBuono served as a member of the board of directors of Turtle Beach, a gaming headset company. She also served as an advisor to the Chief Executive Officer and board of directors of BuildDirect Technologies Inc., a Vancouver-based building goods company, from September 2016 to January 2017. From July 2014 to September 2016, she served as an Advisor to the board of directors and Interim Chief Financial Officer of Rodan & Fields, LLC, a premium skincare

company. Ms. DeBuono earned a B.A. from Duke University, an M.A. from Stanford University and a J.D. from New York University School of Law. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Ms. DeBuono is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of her financial management experience and experience in the healthcare and medical technology industries.

Andrew Farquharson. Mr. Farquharson has served as a member of our Board of Directors since June 2012. Since January 2008, he has served as a Managing Director of InCube Ventures, LP, a venture capital firm in the healthcare sector that he co-founded. Mr. Farquharson is also the co-founder of VH Moll, and has been a Kauffman Fellow since 2006. Prior to entering venture capital, he served as Executive Vice President of Operon Technologies and held various roles within Genentech. Mr. Farquharson continues to serve on the boards of several private companies. Mr. Farquharson earned a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Mr. Farquharson is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his experience in the healthcare sector and extensive knowledge of our Company.

Maulik Nanavaty. Dr. Nanavaty has served as a member of our Board of Directors since June 2016. Dr. Nanavaty is the chief executive officer and member of the Board of Directors of Anumana, Inc., a leading AI-driven health technology company. Dr. Nanavaty joined Anumana, Inc. in October 2023 after 18 years at Boston Scientific, where he served as a senior executive with extensive commercial and operational medical device experience in U.S. and international markets. Most recently, Dr. Nanavaty was Senior Vice President and President, Neuromodulation, at Boston Scientific Corporation, leading the development and commercialization of microelectronic implantable technologies and software used to treat neurological diseases and other chronic conditions. Prior to this role, he served as president of Boston Scientific Japan, and previously vice president and general manager of Interventional Cardiology, Boston Scientific Japan. Prior to this he served as President of Boston Scientific Japan and as Vice President and General Manager, Interventional Cardiology, Boston Scientific Japan. Prior to joining Boston Scientific, Dr. Nanavaty spent 16 years working in various executive positions at Baxter International, Inc., a healthcare products company. Dr. Nanavaty holds a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Illinois and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Dr. Nanavaty is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience in the medical device industry.

Lisa Rometty. Ms. Rometty has served as a member of our Board of Directors since January 2022. Ms. Rometty has been the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors of Zerigo Health, Inc., a digital health platform for the home treatment of chronic skin conditions, since August 2023. From August 2020 to June 2022, Ms. Rometty served as President of CVS Kidney Care, LLC, a subsidiary of CVS Health, Inc. focused on creating new products and services to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease. From July 2019 to August 2020, Ms. Rometty served as President, Global Client Solutions at Syneos Health, a public biopharmaceutical company. Prior to that, Ms. Rometty served as Vice President and General Manager of Oncology, Life Sciences and Personal Health-Watson Health and as Vice President and General Manager, Global Markets-Watson Health at IBM from January 2018 to July 2019 and October 2015 to December 2017, respectively. Ms. Rometty holds a B.S. in International Business from Michigan State University and an M.B.A. from the University of Notre Dame. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes Ms. Rometty is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors because of her leadership experience in the healthcare industry.

The Board Of Directors Recommends

A Vote In Favor Of Each Named Nominee.

Due to the global and complex nature of our business, the Board believes it is important to consider education, age, cultural background, and professional experiences in evaluating board candidates in order to provide practical insights and diverse perspectives.

As required under the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) listing standards, a majority of the members of a listed company’s board of directors must qualify as “independent,” as affirmatively determined by the Board of Directors. The Board consults with the Company’s counsel to ensure that the Board’s determinations are consistent with relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding the definition of “independent,” including those set forth in pertinent listing standards of Nasdaq, as in effect from time to time.

Consistent with these considerations, after review of all relevant identified transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his or her family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent auditors, the Board has affirmatively determined that the following directors are independent directors within the meaning of the applicable Nasdaq listing standards: Dr. Ausiello, Dr. Nanavaty, Mr. Butel, Ms. DeBuono and Ms. Rometty. In making this determination, the Board found that none of these directors or nominees for director had a material or other disqualifying relationship with the Company.

In making these determinations, the Board of Directors considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with the Company and all other facts and circumstances our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director and the transactions involving them described in the section titled “Certain Related Person Transactions.”

Based on this review, the Board affirmatively determined that all of the directors nominated for election at the annual meeting (other than Mir Imran and Talat Imran, who are not considered independent because they are or were executive officers of the Company, and Andrew Farquharson, who is not considered independent because of his affiliation with multiple entities with whom Mir Imran and/or Talat Imran are also affiliated), are independent under the standards set forth in the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and applicable Nasdaq rules.

The Company’s Board of Directors is currently chaired by Mir Imran, the Company’s founder and former Chief Executive Officer. The role of Chief Executive Officer is held by Talat Imran and the Board has also appointed Ms. DeBuono as lead independent director.

The Company believes that separation of the positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer reinforces the independence of the Board in its oversight of the business and affairs of the Company. The Company also believes that it is advantageous to have a Chairman with an extensive history with and knowledge of the Company (as is the case with the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer). The Company also believes that having a lead independent director creates an environment that is more conducive to objective evaluation and oversight of management’s performance, increasing management accountability and improving the ability of the Board to monitor whether management’s actions are in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. As a result, the Company believes that separating the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and having a lead independent director, can enhance the effectiveness of the Board as a whole.

The Board appointed Ms. DeBuono as the lead independent director to help reinforce the independence of the Board as a whole. The lead independent director is empowered to, among other duties and responsibilities, approve agendas and meeting schedules for regular Board meetings, preside over Board meetings in the absence of the chairperson, preside over and establish the agendas for meetings of the independent directors, act as liaison between the chairperson and the independent directors, approve information sent to the Board, preside over any portions of Board meetings at which the evaluation or compensation of the Chief Executive Officer is presented or discussed and, as appropriate upon request, act as a liaison to stockholders. In addition, it is the responsibility of the lead independent director to coordinate between the Board and management with regard to the determination and implementation of responses to any problematic risk management issues. As a result, the Company believes that the lead independent director can help ensure the effective independent functioning of the Board in its oversight responsibilities. In

addition, the Company believes that the lead independent director is positioned to build a consensus among directors and to serve as a conduit between the other independent directors and the chairperson and Chief Executive Officer, for example, by facilitating the inclusion on meeting agendas of matters of concern to the independent directors. In light of the Chairman’s and Chief Executive Officer’s extensive history with and knowledge of the Company, and because the Board’s lead independent director is empowered to play a significant role in the Board’s leadership and in reinforcing the independence of the Board, the Company believes that it is advantageous for the Company to separate the roles of Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and lead independent director.

One of the board’s key functions is informed oversight of the Company’s risk management process. The Board does not have a standing risk management committee, but rather administers this oversight function directly through the Board as a whole, as well as through various Board standing committees that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. The Board of Directors is responsible for general oversight of risks and regular review of information regarding the Company’s risks, including credit risks, liquidity risks, cybersecurity risks and operational risks, as well as providing strategic guidance to the senior management of the Company. The Compensation Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to the Company’s executive and employee compensation plans and arrangements. The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to financial risk management and financial risk assessment, including the Company’s major financial risk exposures. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of risks associated with the independence of the Board of Directors and potential conflicts of interest. Although each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, our entire Board of Directors is regularly informed through discussions from committee members about such risks. The Board of Directors believes its administration of its risk oversight function has not negatively affected the Board of Directors’ leadership structure.

The Board of Directors met eight times during the last fiscal year. Each Board member attended 75% or more of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and of the committees on which he or she served, held during the portion of the last fiscal year for which he or she was a director or committee member.

The Board has three committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The following table provides membership and meeting information for fiscal year 2024 for each of the Board committees:

Below is a description of each committee of the Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors has determined that each member of each committee meets the applicable Nasdaq rules and regulations regarding “independence” and each member is free of any relationship that would impair his or her individual exercise of independent judgment with regard to the Company.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors was established by the Board in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), to oversee the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control over financial reporting, and audits of its financial statements. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs several functions. The Audit Committee:

The Audit Committee is composed of three directors: Mr. Butel, Ms. DeBuono and Mr. Nanavaty. Ms. Rometty served as a member of the Audit Committee from January 1, 2024 to May 7, 2024, during which time the Audit Committee was composed of four directors. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. The Board has adopted a written Audit Committee charter that is available to stockholders on the Company’s website at ir.ranitherapeutics.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview.

The Board of Directors reviews the Nasdaq listing standards definition of independence for Audit Committee members on a quarterly basis and has determined that all members of the Company’s Audit Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A)(i) and (ii) of the Nasdaq listing standards).

The Board of Directors has also determined that Ms. DeBuono qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in applicable SEC rules. The Board of Directors made a qualitative assessment of Ms. DeBuono’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including her formal education, experience as a chief executive officer and general counsel for public reporting companies and a chief financial officer for several large healthcare companies.

The Audit Committee reviews our financial reporting process on behalf of the Board. Management has the primary responsibility for the preparation and integrity of the consolidated financial statements and the reporting process, including establishing and monitoring the system of internal financial controls. In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, the Audit Committee hereby reports as follows:

Based on the foregoing, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Respectfully submitted by:

Mr. Jean-Luc Butel

Ms. Laureen DeBuono

Mr. Maulik Nanavaty

*The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

The Compensation Committee is composed of two directors: Ms. DeBuono and Mr. Nanavaty. All members of the Company’s Compensation Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(d)(2) of the Nasdaq listing standards). The Compensation Committee met three times during the fiscal year. The Board has adopted a written Compensation Committee charter that is available to stockholders on the Company’s website at ir.ranitherapeutics.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors acts on behalf of the Board to review, recommend for adoption and oversee the Company’s overall compensation strategy, policies, plans and programs, including:

Compensation Committee Processes and Procedures

Typically, the Compensation Committee meets at least two times annually and with greater frequency if necessary. The agenda for each meeting is usually developed by the Chair of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee meets regularly in executive session. However, from time to time, various members of management and other employees as well as outside advisors or consultants may be invited by the Compensation Committee to make presentations, to provide financial or other background information or advice or to otherwise participate in

Compensation Committee meetings. The Chief Executive Officer may not be present during any deliberations or determinations of the Compensation Committee regarding his compensation. The charter of the Compensation Committee grants the Compensation Committee full access to all books, records, facilities and personnel of the Company. In addition, under the charter, the Compensation Committee has the authority to obtain, at the expense of the Company, advice and assistance from compensation consultants and internal and external legal, accounting or other advisors and other external resources that the Compensation Committee considers necessary or appropriate in the performance of its duties. The Compensation Committee has direct responsibility for the oversight of the work of any consultants or advisers engaged for the purpose of advising the Committee. In particular, the Compensation Committee has the sole authority to retain, in its sole discretion, compensation consultants to assist in its evaluation of executive and director compensation, including the sole authority to approve the consultant’s reasonable fees and other retention terms, all at the expense of the Company. Under the charter, the Compensation Committee may select, or receive advice from, a compensation consultant, independent legal counsel or other advisers to the Compensation Committee, only after taking into consideration six factors, prescribed by the SEC and Nasdaq, that bear upon the adviser’s independence; however, there is no requirement that any adviser be independent.

During the past fiscal year, after taking into consideration the six factors prescribed by the SEC and Nasdaq described above, the Compensation Committee engaged Radford, a division of Aon Consulting, Inc. (“Radford”) as compensation consultants. The Compensation Committee requested that Radford:

As part of its engagement, Radford was requested by the Compensation Committee to develop a comparative group of companies and to perform analyses of competitive performance and compensation levels for that group. At the request of the Compensation Committee, Radford also conducted individual interviews with members of the Compensation Committee and senior management to learn more about the Company’s business operations and strategy, key performance metrics and strategic goals, as well as the labor markets in which the Company competes. Radford ultimately developed recommendations that were presented to the Compensation Committee for its consideration. Following an active dialogue with Radford, the Compensation Committee recommended that the Board of Directors approve modified recommendations of Radford.

Generally, the Compensation Committee’s process comprises two related elements: the determination of compensation levels and the establishment of performance objectives for the current year. For executives other than the Chief Executive Officer, the Compensation Committee solicits and considers evaluations and recommendations submitted to the committee by the Chief Executive Officer. In the case of the Chief Executive Officer, the evaluation of his performance is conducted by the Compensation Committee, which determines any adjustments to his compensation as well as awards to be granted. The Compensation Committee also recommends to the Board the compensation to be paid and awarded to the non-employee directors. For all executives and directors as part of its deliberations, the Compensation Committee may review and consider, as appropriate, materials such as financial reports and projections, operational data, tax and accounting information, tally sheets that set forth the total compensation that may become payable to executives in various hypothetical scenarios, executive and director stock ownership information, company stock performance data, analyses of historical executive compensation levels and current Company-wide compensation levels and recommendations of the Compensation Committee’s compensation consultant, including analyses of executive and director compensation paid at other companies identified by the consultant.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for identifying, reviewing and evaluating candidates to serve as directors of the Company (consistent with criteria approved by the Board), reviewing and evaluating incumbent directors, recommending to the Board candidates for election to the Board of Directors, making recommendations to the Board regarding the membership of the committees of the Board, reviewing and assessing the performance of the Board (including Board committees), and developing a set of corporate governance principles for the Company and reviewing and assessing those principles and their application.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is composed of three directors: Dr. Ausiello, Mr. Butel and Ms. Rometty. Ms. Rometty was appointed to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee as of May 7,

2024. All members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq listing standards). The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met two times during the fiscal year. The Board has adopted a written Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee charter that is available to stockholders on the Company’s website and ir.ranitherapeutics.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee believes that candidates for director should have certain minimum qualifications, including the ability to read and understand basic financial statements, being over 21 years of age and having the highest personal integrity and ethics. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also intends to consider such factors as possessing relevant expertise upon which to be able to offer advice and guidance to management, having sufficient time to devote to the affairs of the Company, demonstrated excellence in his or her field, having the ability to exercise sound business judgment, having a diverse personal background, perspective and experience and having the commitment to rigorously represent the long-term interests of the Company’s stockholders. However, the Board of Directors and/or the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may modify these qualifications from time to time. When this occurs, the Board of Directors and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate existing members according to the new criteria. Candidates for director nominees are reviewed in the context of the current composition of the Board, the operating requirements of the Company and the long-term interests of stockholders. In conducting this assessment, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee typically considers diversity (including diversity of gender, race, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation and gender identity), age, skills and such other factors as it deems appropriate, given the current needs of the Board and the Company, to maintain a balance of knowledge, experience and capability.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee appreciates the value of thoughtful Board refreshment, and regularly identifies and considers qualities, skills and other director attributes that would enhance the composition of the Board. In the case of incumbent directors whose terms of office are set to expire, the Committee reviews these directors’ overall service to the Company during their terms, including the number of meetings attended, level of participation, quality of performance and any other relationships and transactions that might impair the directors’ independence. In the case of new director candidates, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also determines whether the nominee is independent for Nasdaq purposes, which determination is based upon applicable Nasdaq listing standards, applicable SEC rules and regulations and the advice of counsel, if necessary. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee then uses its network of contacts to compile a list of potential candidates, but may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee conducts any appropriate and necessary inquiries into the backgrounds and qualifications of possible candidates after considering the function and needs of the Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets to discuss and consider the candidates’ qualifications and then selects a nominee for recommendation to the Board by majority vote.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may consider director candidates recommended by stockholders. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not intend to alter the manner in which it evaluates candidates, including the minimum criteria set forth above, based on whether or not the candidate was recommended by a stockholder. Stockholders who wish to recommend individuals for consideration by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to become nominees for election to the Board may do so by delivering a written recommendation to the Secretary at the Company’s principal executive office not later than the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. Submissions must include the full name of the proposed nominee, a description of the proposed nominee’s business experience for at least the previous five years, complete biographical information, a description of the proposed nominee’s qualifications as a director and a representation that the nominating stockholder is a beneficial or record holder of the Company’s stock and has been a holder for at least one year. Any such submission must be accompanied by the written consent of the proposed nominee to be named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

Historically, the Company has not provided a formal process related to stockholder communications with the Board. Nevertheless, every effort has been made to ensure that the views of stockholders are heard by the Board or individual directors, as applicable, and that appropriate responses are provided to stockholders in a timely manner. The

Company believes its responsiveness to stockholder communications to the Board has been excellent. Nevertheless, during the upcoming year, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will give full consideration to the adoption of a formal process for stockholder communications with the Board and, if adopted, publish it promptly and post it to the Company’s website.

The Company has adopted the Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all officers, directors and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the Company’s website at ir.ranitherapeutics.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview. If the Company makes any substantive amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or grants any waiver from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to any executive officer or director, the Company will promptly disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on its website.

The Company has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines to assure that the Board has the necessary authority and practices in place to review and evaluate the Company’s business operations as needed and to make decisions that are independent of the Company’s management. The guidelines are also intended to align the interests of directors and management with those of the Company’s stockholders. The Corporate Governance Guidelines set forth the practices the Board intends to follow with respect to board composition and selection, including diversity, board meetings, term limits and involvement of senior management, Chief Executive Officer performance evaluation and succession planning, and board committees and compensation. The Corporate Governance Guidelines, as well as the charters for each committee of the Board, may be viewed at ir.ranitherapeutics.com/corporate-governance/governance-overview.

We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy governing the purchase, sale, and/or other dispositions of the Company’s securities by directors, officers and employees that is designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, as well as procedures designed to further the foregoing purposes. A copy of our Insider Trading Policy is filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, it is the Company’s intent to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to insider trading.

The Board of Directors has adopted an insider trading policy that applies to all of our employees, directors and consultants. This policy prohibits hedging or similar transactions designed to decrease the risks associated with holding shares of the Company’s stock. In addition, the insider trading policy prohibits trading in derivative securities related to the Company’s stock, which include publicly traded call and put options, engaging in short selling of the Company’s stock, purchasing the Company’s stock on margin or holding it in a margin account, and pledging the shares as collateral for a loan.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has selected CBIZ CPAs P.C. (“CBIZ”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 and has further directed that management submit the selection of its independent registered public accounting firm for ratification by the stockholders at the annual meeting. CBIZ was appointed as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm on April 7, 2025. Prior to that, Marcum LLP (“Marcum”) audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements since September 10, 2024. CBIZ acquired certain business of Marcum in November 2024. Prior to September 2024, Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”) audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements since 2019. Representatives of CBIZ are expected to be present at the annual meeting. They will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Neither the Company’s Bylaws nor other governing documents or law require stockholder ratification of the selection of CBIZ as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. However, the Audit Committee of the Board is submitting the selection of CBIZ to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If the stockholders fail to ratify the selection, the Audit Committee of the Board will reconsider whether or not to retain that firm. Even if the selection is ratified, the Audit Committee of the Board in its discretion may direct the appointment of a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if they determine that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares present virtually or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter at the annual meeting will be required to ratify the selection of CBIZ as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.

The following table represents aggregate fees billed to the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 by Marcum LLP and EY, respectively.

All fees described above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee approved the dismissal of EY as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm on September 10, 2024.

The reports of EY on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, except that the report of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 contained an explanatory paragraph which noted that there was substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, and the subsequent interim period through September 10, 2024, there have been no “disagreements” (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the rules and regulations of the SEC with EY on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements if not resolved to the satisfaction of EY would have caused EY to make reference there in its reports on the consolidated financing statements for such years. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, and subsequent interim period through September 10, 2024, there have been no “reportable events” (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).

EY’s letter to the SEC stating its agreement with the statements in this paragraph was filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 10, 2024.

The Audit Committee, following careful deliberation, approved the appointment of Marcum LLP as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm on September 10, 2024, with immediate effect, for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 and the subsequent interim period through September 10, 2024, neither the Company, nor anyone on its behalf, consulted Marcum regarding either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered with respect to the consolidated financial statements of the Company, and no written report or oral advice was provided to the Company by Marcum that was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter that was the subject of a “disagreement” (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) or a “reportable event” (as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).

The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The policy generally pre-approves specified services in the defined categories of audit services, audit-related services and tax services up to specified amounts. Pre-approval may also be given as part of the Audit Committee’s approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm or on an individual, explicit, case-by-case basis before the independent registered public accounting firm is engaged to provide each service. The pre-approval of services may be delegated to one or more of the Audit Committee’s members, but the decision must be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

The Board Of Directors Recommends

A Vote In Favor Of Proposal 2.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the Company’s capital stock as of March 31, 2025 by: (i) each nominee for director; (ii) each of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table; (iii) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group; and (iv) all those known by the Company to be beneficial owners of more than five percent of its common stock.

Our Class A common stock entitles holders thereof to one vote per share and our Class B common stock entitles holders thereof to ten votes per share, voting together as a single class.

Subject to the terms of Rani LLC’s fifth amended and restated limited liability company agreement (“Rani LLC Agreement”), Class A units of Rani LLC together with Class B common stock of the Company (together referred to as a “Paired Interest”) are exchangeable for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis; provided that, at the Company’s election, the Company has the ability to effect a direct exchange of such Class A common stock or make a cash payment equal to a volume weighted average market price of one share of Class A common stock for each Paired Interest redeemed. Any shares of Class B common stock will be cancelled on a one-for-one basis if, at the election of the holder, the Company redeems or exchanges such Paired Interest pursuant to the terms of the Rani LLC Agreement.

Subject to the terms of the Rani LLC Agreement, certain individuals who own Class A units of Rani LLC without corresponding shares of Class B common stock of the Company (“non-corresponding Class A units”) have the ability to exchange such Class A units of Rani LLC for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis; provided that, at the Company’s election, the Company has the ability to effect a direct exchange of such Class A common stock or make a cash payment equal to a volume weighted average market price of one share of Class A common stock for each non-corresponding Class A unit of Rani LLC redeemed. Beneficial ownership of Class A units of Rani LLC is not reflected in this table; however, information concerning ownership of Class A units of Rani LLC is included in the footnotes below, where applicable.

The following table sets forth the names, ages, and positions of the Company’s executive officers as of March 31, 2025:

Talat Imran. For Mr. Imran’s biography please refer to “Proposal 1: Election of Directors” above.

Svai Sanford. Mr. Sanford has served as our Chief Financial Officer since November 2018. Prior to joining the Company, from June 2017 to November 2018, Mr. Sanford served as an executive consultant and acting Chief Financial Officer for pH Pharma Inc., a consumer skin care company. From September 2015 to March 2017, he served as the Chief Financial Officer of SFJ Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a drug development company, and from July 2012 to September 2015, he served as the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of VIVUS, Inc., a public biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Sanford was a member of the audit practice at KPMG LLP from 1996 to 2002. He earned a B.S. in Accounting from Kansas State University and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).

Mir Hashim. Dr. Hashim has served as our Chief Scientific Officer since June 2013 and was a member of our board of directors from June 2013 to June 2021. Dr. Hashim has served as Vice President, Research and Development, at InCube Labs, LLC, a medical device research company, since September 2008. Prior to this, he spent 18 years serving in multiple scientific roles at GlaxoSmithKline plc, a global pharmaceutical company, including as Head of Pharmacology. Dr. Hashim earned a B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from Osmania University, a M.S. in Life Sciences from the University of Hyderabad and a Ph.D. in Pharmacology from the School of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Dr. Hashim is the brother of Mir Imran, a director and the Chairman of the Company, and uncle of Talat Imran, a director and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

Kate McKinley. Ms. McKinley has served as our Chief Business Officer since May 2023. Ms. McKinley has over 20 years of experience in the bio-pharmaceutical industry, including positions in executive leadership and as a board director. Prior to joining the Company, from July 2022 through May 2023, Ms. McKinley was Chief Executive Officer of Spark Outcomes. Prior to this, Ms. McKinley was Chief Executive Officer of Elevar Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly known as LSK Biopharma, Inc.) from July 2021 to July 2022, having previously been Elevar’s Chief Commercial Officer and Chief Business Officer from January 2019 to May 2021. Ms. McKinley began her career at Abbvie Inc. and Abbott Laboratories, Inc. where she served as Vice President of National Sales in the urology, oncology, and gynecology space. She is a summa cum laude graduate of The University of Tulsa. She holds an M.B.A. from the university’s Collins College of Business and a B.S. in Business Administration with degrees in Marketing and Management, and a minor in Psychology.

Eric Groen. Mr. Groen has served as our General Counsel since July 2021. Prior to joining us, Mr. Groen served in various domestic and international roles of increasing responsibility over nearly 20 years at Amgen Inc., a global biotechnology company, including leading the legal teams responsible for business development transactions, operations and manufacturing, and clinical trials. Most recently, he served as regional general counsel to Amgen Inc.’s commercial business in Canada, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. From January 1999 to August 2001, Mr. Groen was corporate counsel at HealthNet, a public holding company of managed care and other healthcare entities. Prior to that, Mr. Groen was an associate at the law firm of TroyGould. Mr. Groen earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of California, Santa Barbara and a J.D. from Harvard Law School.

Descriptions of our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) are contained in Note 2 and Note 10, respectively, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

The following table provides certain information with respect to all of the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2024.

We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable federal securities laws and are therefore permitted to take advantage of certain reduced public company reporting requirements. As an emerging growth company, we provide in this proxy statement the scaled disclosure permitted under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012. In addition, as an emerging growth company, we are not required to conduct votes seeking approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of our named executive officers or the frequency that such votes must be conducted.

The following table shows, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, compensation awarded to or paid to, or earned by, our Chief Executive Officer and our two other most highly-compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2024 (“Named Executive Officers”).

The following table shows for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, certain information regarding outstanding equity awards at fiscal year-end for the Named Executive Officers.

Below are descriptions of the offer letters with each of our Named Executive Officers setting forth the terms and conditions of such executive’s employment with Rani LLC, and Rani Management Services, Inc. (“RMS”) prior to transitioning and assigning employment agreements to Rani LLC, each a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. All of our Named Executive Officers are employed at-will.

In December 2019, RMS entered into an offer letter with Talat Imran, our Chief Executive Officer, effective January 1, 2020, which was amended and restated as an employment agreement in June of 2021, as further amended in August 2022 to transfer his employment agreement from RMS to Rani LLC on the same terms. The employment agreement provides Mr. Imran with an opportunity to earn an annual bonus with a target amount equal to 75% of his annual base salary. Mr. Imran is also entitled to certain benefits upon his termination of employment as discussed below in the section titled “–Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control”. In November 2023, our Board of Directors approved a reduction in the annual salary of Mr. Imran from $520,000 to $100,000, effective November 1, 2023 through December 31, 2024 or until such time as we receive gross proceeds of $50,000,000 or more from equity financing and/or one or more non-dilutive strategic, licensing or partnering transactions (the “Financing Threshold”). In November 2024, the Board approved to extend the reduction in annual salary of Talat Imran through December 31, 2025 or until the Financing Threshold is met. The decreased base salary amends the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated August 31, 2022, by and between Rani LLC and Mr. Imran.

In December 2019, RMS entered into an offer letter with Dr. Hashim, to serve as our Chief Scientific Officer, effective January 1, 2020, which was amended and restated as an employment agreement in June of 2021, as further amended in August 2022 to transfer his employment agreement from RMS to Rani LLC on the same terms. The employment agreement provides Dr. Hashim with an opportunity to earn an annual bonus with a target amount equal to 75% of his annual base salary. Dr. Hashim is also entitled to certain benefits upon his termination of employment as discussed below in the section titled “–Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control”.

In December 2019, RMS entered into an offer letter with Mr. Sanford, our Chief Financial Officer, effective January 1, 2020, which was amended and restated as an employment agreement in June of 2021, as further amended in August 2022 to transfer his employment agreement from RMS to Rani LLC on the same terms. The employment agreement provides Mr. Sanford with an opportunity to earn an annual bonus with a target amount equal to 75% of his annual base salary. Mr. Sanford is also entitled to certain benefits upon his termination of employment as discussed below in the section titled “–Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control”.

On March 21, 2024, each of our Named Executive Officers was granted an option to purchase Class A common stock of the Company under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan. Talat Imran, Mir Hashim and Svai Sanford were granted options to purchase 1,085,000, 323,500 and 323,500 shares of Class A common stock of the Company, respectively. Each option had a per-share exercise price of $3.60, which was the per-share fair market value of the underlying shares of Class A common stock on the grant date. Each option vests in substantially equal monthly installments from the grant date over four years, subject to the Named Executive Officer’s continuous service to us through each such vesting date.

Notwithstanding management’s full or partial achievement of many of the corporate goals for 2024, in March 2025 our Board, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, decided not to award annual cash bonuses to the Named Executive Officers for performance in 2024 due to the Company’s financial position.

Each Named Executive Officer is eligible for a performance bonus based upon the achievement of certain corporate performance goals and objectives approved by our board of directors.

Bonuses are set based on the executive’s base salary as of the end of the bonus year. The target level for executive bonuses for 2024 was 75% of base salary for each of Talat Imran, Dr. Hashim and Mr. Sanford.

The Board of Directors (considering the recommendations of the Compensation Committee and management) sets corporate goals for each year. These goals and the proportional emphasis placed on each are set by the Board of Directors after considering management input and our overall strategic objectives. The Board of Directors, upon recommendation of the compensation committee, determines the level of achievement of the corporate goals for each year. The actual bonuses awarded in any year, if any, may be more or less than the target, depending on the achievement of corporate objectives and may also vary based on other factors at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

For 2024, the corporate goals fell into the following categories: achievement of product development, partnering objectives; device platform and manufacturing activities, financial measures; and organizational progress. The Board of Directors recognized management’s performance in achieving certain of our 2024 corporate goals, including in particular our development of the RaniPill HC device and manufacturing goals, and exercised its discretion not to award any performance-based bonuses for 2024.

Eligible employees are permitted to participate in the Company’s 401(k) Plan (“401(k) Plan”). Plan participants are able to defer eligible compensation subject to applicable annual limits pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The 401(k) Plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the 401(k) Plan’s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. As a tax-qualified retirement plan, contributions to the 401(k) Plan and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to our employees until distributed from the 401(k) Plan. Participation in the 401(k) Plan is offered for the benefit of U.S. employees, including the Company’s Named Executive Officers, who satisfy certain eligibility requirements.

As a public company, if we are required to restate our financial results due to our material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirements under the federal securities laws as a result of misconduct, the executive officers may be legally required to reimburse our Company for any bonus or other incentive-based or equity-based compensation they receive in accordance with the provisions of section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended. Additionally, we have implemented a Dodd-Frank Act-compliant clawback policy, as required by SEC rules.

Each of our Named Executive Officers has been granted options and restricted stock unit awards that are subject to the terms of the 2021 Plan. Stock awards granted under the 2021 Plan may be subject to acceleration of vesting and exercisability upon or after a Change in Control (as defined in the 2021 Plan) as may be provided in the applicable award agreement or in any other written agreement between us or any affiliate and the participant, but in the absence of such provision, no such acceleration will automatically occur.

Each of our Named Executive Officers is eligible to receive benefits under the terms of the Company’s Severance and Change in Control Plan adopted by the Board of Directors on June 17, 2021 (the “Severance Plan”).

The Severance Plan provides for severance and change in control benefits to the executive officers upon (i) a “change in control termination” or (ii) a “regular termination” (each as described below). Upon a change in control termination, each of our executive officers is entitled to a lump sum payment equal to a portion of his base salary (18 months for Talat Imran and 12 months for each of Dr. Hashim and Mr. Sanford), a lump sum payment equal to 150% (for Talat Imran) or 100% (for each of Dr. Hashim and Mr. Sanford) of his annual target cash bonus, payment of group health insurance premiums for a period of 18 months (for Talat Imran) and 12 months (for each of Dr. Hashim and Mr. Sanford) and accelerated vesting of outstanding time-vesting equity awards. Upon a regular termination, each of the executive officers is entitled to continued payment of his base salary for a period 12 months

(for Talat Imran) and nine months (for each of Dr. Hashim and Mr. Sanford) and payment of group health insurance premiums for a period of 12 months (for Talat Imran) and nine months (for each of Dr. Hashim and Mr. Sanford). All severance benefits under the Severance Plan are subject to the executive officer’s execution of an effective release of claims against us.

For purposes of the Severance Plan, a “regular termination” is an involuntary termination (i.e., a termination without “cause” (and not as a result of death or disability) or a resignation for “good reason,” each as defined in the Severance Plan) that does not occur during the period of time beginning three months prior to, and ending 12 months following, a “change in control” (as defined in the 2021 Plan), or the “change in control period.” A “change in control termination” is a regular termination that occurs during the change in control period.

The following table shows for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 certain information with respect to the compensation of all directors of the Company, except Talat Imran, our Chief Executive Officer. Directors who are also our employees receive no additional compensation for their service as directors. Talat Imran did not receive any additional compensation for his services as a director in 2024. The compensation of Talat Imran is set forth above in the section titled “Executive Compensation.”

The Board of Directors has adopted a non-employee director compensation policy, effective as of the Company’s initial public offering, pursuant to which each of the directors who is not an employee or consultant of the Company will be eligible to receive compensation for service on the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors. In 2024, as part of its engagement, the Company’s compensation consultant, Radford, was requested by the Compensation Committee to develop a comparative group of companies and to perform analyses of competitive equity compensation with respect to directors. Radford ultimately developed recommendations that were presented to the Compensation Committee for consideration. Following an active dialogue with Radford, the Compensation Committee recommended that the Board of Directors approve the recommendations of Radford. In March 2024, the non-employee director compensation policy was amended to change the basis of the calculation of annual and new director stock option grants from a dollar amount (grant date fair value of $300,000 for the annual grant and $600,000 for the initial grant) to a fixed number of shares (50,000 shares for the annual grant and 100,000 for the initial grant) underlying the option grants.

Each non-employee director will receive an annual cash retainer of $45,000 for serving on the Board of Directors, and the chairperson and/or lead independent director of the Board of Directors will each receive an additional annual cash retainer of $35,000. The chairperson of the Audit Committee will be entitled to an annual service retainer of $20,000, and each

other member of the Audit Committee will be entitled to an annual service retainer of $7,500. The chairperson of the Compensation Committee will be entitled to an annual service retainer of $15,000, and each other member of the Compensation Committee will be entitled to an annual service retainer of $5,000. The chairperson of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will be entitled to an annual service retainer of $10,000, and each other member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will be entitled to an annual service retainer of $4,000. All annual cash compensation amounts will be payable in equal quarterly installments in arrears, on the last day of each fiscal quarter for which the service occurred, pro-rated for any partial months of service. In November 2023, the Board of Directors approved a 50% reduction in the cash compensation otherwise payable to the non-employee directors of the Board under the non-employee director compensation policy for 2024 or until such time as we receive gross proceeds of $50,000,000 or more from equity financing and/or one or more non-dilutive strategic, licensing or partnering transactions (the “Threshold”). In November 2024, the Board of Directors approved to extend the reduction in annual cash compensation of the Board through December 31, 2025 or until the Threshold is met.

In accordance with our non-employee director compensation policy, as amended in March 2024, on the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, each continuing non-employee director will receive an option to purchase 50,000 shares of Class A common stock of the Company under the 2021 Plan. In 2024, each non-employee director received a non-statutory stock option to purchase 50,000 shares of Class A common stock with an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The number of shares purchasable under any annual option grant to a non-employee director who is elected or appointed on a date other than the date of an annual meeting of the stockholders will be prorated to reflect the time between the date of such director’s election or appointment and the date of such first annual stockholder meeting. The shares subject to annual option grants will vest upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the date of the next annual meeting of stockholders, subject to the non-employee director’s continuous service with the Company through the vesting date.

Each new non-employee director who joins the Board of Directors will be granted an option to purchase 100,000 shares of Class A common stock of the Company under the 2021 Plan. The shares subject to this option will vest over a three-year period, with one-third of the shares subject to the option vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and one thirty-sixth of the shares subject to the option vesting each month thereafter, subject to the non-employee director’s continuous service with the Company through each vesting date.

All options granted under the non-employee director compensation policy will vest upon a change in control of the Company, subject to the non-employee director’s continuous service with the Company through the date of such change in control. The exercise price per share of each option granted under the non-employee director compensation policy will be equal to the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on Nasdaq on the date of grant. Each option will have a term of ten years from the grant date, subject to earlier termination in connection with a termination of the non-employee director’s continuous service with the Company.

In addition, the Company will reimburse non-employee directors for ordinary, necessary and reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses to cover in-person attendance at and participation in board and committee meetings.

In June 2021, the Company adopted a written Related-Person Transactions Policy that sets forth the Company’s policies and procedures regarding the identification, review, consideration and approval or ratification of “related persons transactions.” For purposes of the Company’s policy only, a “related person transaction” is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which the Company and any “related person” are participants in which the amount involved exceeds (a) $120,000 or (b) if the Company qualifies as a “smaller reporting company” under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the lesser of (x) $120,000 or (y) 1% of the average of the Company’s total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years. Transactions involving compensation for services provided to the Company as an employee, director, consultant or similar capacity by a related person are not covered by this policy. A related person is any executive officer, director, or more than 5% stockholder of the Company, including any of their immediate family members, and any entity owned or controlled by such persons.

The following is a summary of transactions since January 1, 2023, to which the Company has been a participant in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed $120,000, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements which are described in the sections titled “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation.”

ICL is wholly-owned by the Company’s founder and Chairman and his family. The founder and Chairman is the father of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s Chief Scientific Officer is the brother of the founder and Chairman and thus uncle of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

In June 2021, Rani LLC entered into a service agreement with ICL effective retrospectively to January 1, 2021, and subsequently amended such agreement in March 2022 (as amended, the “Rani LLC-ICL Service Agreement”), pursuant to which Rani LLC and ICL agreed to provide personnel services to the other upon requests. Under the amendment in March 2022, Rani LLC had a right to occupy certain facilities leased by ICL in Milpitas, California and San Antonio, Texas (“Occupancy Services”) for general office, research and development, and light manufacturing. The Rani LLC-ICL Service Agreement has a twelve-month term and will automatically renew for successive twelve-month periods unless terminated; except that the Occupancy Services in Milpitas, California had a term until February 2024, following an extension granted in July 2022, and the Occupancy Services in San Antonio, Texas continue until either party gives six months’ notice of termination. Except for the Occupancy Services, Rani LLC or ICL may terminate services under the Rani LLC-ICL Service Agreement upon 60 days' notice to the other party. The Rani LLC-ICL Service Agreement specifies the scope of services to be provided as well as the methods for determining the costs of services. Costs are billed or charged on a monthly basis by ICL or Rani LLC, respectively. In December 2023, Rani LLC provided to ICL notice of termination of the Occupancy Services in San Antonio, which took effect in June 2024. In March 2024, the Company extended the Occupancy Services for the facility in Milpitas, California for an additional six-month term through August 2024 and increased the payment for such Occupancy Services during the extension period. The Occupancy Services for the facility in Milpitas, California expired in August 2024.

In June 2021, RMS entered into a service agreement with ICL effective retrospectively to January 1, 2021, pursuant to which ICL agreed to rent a specified portion of its facility in San Jose, California to RMS. Additionally, RMS and ICL agreed to provide personnel services to the other upon requests based on rates specified in the agreement. In April 2022, RMS assigned the agreement to Rani LLC. In December 2022, RMS was dissolved. In March 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to increase the Occupancy Services from 23,000 square feet to 24,000 square feet (such agreement, as assigned and amended, the “RMS-ICL Service Agreement”). The RMS-ICL Service Agreement has a twelve-month term and will automatically renew for successive twelve-month periods unless terminated. Rani LLC or ICL may terminate services under the RMS-ICL Service Agreement upon 60 days' notice to the other party, except for occupancy which requires six months’ notice. The RMS-ICL Service Agreement specifies the scope of services to be provided as well as the methods for determining the costs of services. Costs are billed or charged on a monthly basis by ICL or Rani LLC, respectively, as well as allocations of expenses based upon Rani LLC’s utilization of ICL’s facilities and equipment.

The table below details the amounts charged by ICL for services and rent, net of the amount that the Company charged ICL, which is included in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2024, one of the Company’s facilities was owned by an entity affiliated with the Company’s Chairman. The Company pays for the use of these facilities through the RMS-ICL Service Agreement.

In June 2021, ICL and the Company, through Rani LLC, entered into an Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement which replaced the 2012 Exclusive License Agreement between ICL and Rani LLC, as amended in 2013, and terminated the 2012 Intellectual Property Agreement between ICL and Rani LLC, as amended in June 2013. Under the Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement, the Company has a fully paid, exclusive license under certain scheduled patents related to optional features of the device and certain other scheduled patents to exploit products covered by those patents in the field of oral delivery of sensors, small molecule drugs or biologic drugs including, any peptide, antibody, protein, cell therapy, gene therapy or vaccine. The Company covers patent-related expenses and, after a certain period, the Company will have the right to acquire four specified United States patent families from ICL by making a one-time payment of $0.3 million to ICL for each United States patent family that the Company desires to acquire, up to $1.0 million in the aggregate. This payment will not become an obligation until the fifth anniversary of the Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement. The Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement will terminate when there are no remaining valid claims of the patents licensed under the Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement. Additionally, the Company may terminate the Amended and Restated Exclusive License Agreement in its entirety or as to any particular licensed patent upon notification to ICL of such intent to terminate.

In June 2021, the Company, through Rani LLC, entered into the Non-Exclusive License Agreement with ICL a related party, pursuant to which the Company granted ICL a non-exclusive, fully-paid license under specified patents that were assigned from ICL to the Company. Additionally, the Company agreed not to license these patents to a third party in a specific field outside the field of oral delivery of sensors, small molecule drugs or biologic drugs including, any peptide, antibody, protein, cell therapy, gene therapy or vaccine, if ICL can prove that it or its sublicensee has been in active development of a product covered by such patents in that specific field. ICL may grant sublicenses under this license to third parties only with the Company’s prior approval. The Non-Exclusive License Agreement will continue in perpetuity unless earlier terminated.

In June 2021, the Company, through Rani LLC, entered into the Mir Agreement, pursuant to which the Company and Mir Imran agreed that the Company would own all intellectual property conceived (i) using any of the Company’s people, equipment, or facilities or (ii) that is within the field of oral delivery of sensors, small molecule drugs or biologic drugs including, any peptide, antibody, protein, cell therapy, gene therapy or vaccine. Neither the Company nor Mir Imran may assign the Mir Agreement to any third party without the prior written consent of the other party. The initial term of the Mir Agreement is three years, which can be extended upon mutual consent of the parties. The Mir Agreement may be terminated by either party for any reason within the initial three-year term upon providing three months’ notice to the other party. In June 2024, the parties agreed to extend the term of the Mir Agreement by ninety (90) days. The Mir Agreement expired in September 2024. Expiration of the Mir Agreement does not affect the assignment to, and ownership by, the Company of intellectual property conceived during the term of the Mir Agreement.

In August 2021, in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) and organizational transactions at the time of the IPO, the Company entered into a tax receivable agreement (“TRA”). ICL is a party to the TRA. The

TRA provides that the Company pay to the entities and individuals who are party to the TRA 85% of the amount of tax benefits, if any, it is deemed to realize from exchanges of Paired Interests. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, these parties to the TRA exchanged zero Paired Interests, respectively, that resulted in tax benefits subject to the TRA.

In connection with the IPO, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement. ICL and its affiliates and certain holders of the Company’s Class A common stock considered to be related parties are parties to this agreement and holders of registration rights under the agreement. The Registration Rights Agreement provides certain registration rights whereby holders of the registration rights can require the Company to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) shares of Class A common stock issuable to ICL and its affiliates upon, at the Company’s election, redemption or exchange of their Paired Interests. The Registration Rights Agreement also provides for piggyback registration rights.

The Company operates its business through Rani LLC. In connection with the IPO, the Company and parties continuing to hold interests in Rani LLC (“LLC Interests”), including ICL and its affiliates, entered into the Rani LLC Agreement. The governance of Rani LLC, and the rights and obligations of the holders of LLC Interests, are set forth in the Rani LLC Agreement. As holders of LLC Interests, ICL and its affiliates are entitled to exchange, subject to the terms of the Rani LLC Agreement, Paired Interests for Class A common stock of the Company; provided that, at the Company’s election, the Company may effect a direct exchange of such Class A common stock or make a cash payment equal to a volume weighted average market price of one share of Class A common stock for each Paired Interest redeemed.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, certain related parties that are party to the Rani LLC Agreement exchanged zero Paired Interests, respectively, for an equal number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock.

The Company provides indemnification for its directors and executive officers so that they will be free from undue concern about personal liability in connection with their service to the Company. Under the Company’s Bylaws, the Company is required to indemnify its directors and executive officers to the extent not prohibited under Delaware or other applicable law. The Company has also entered into indemnity agreements with certain officers and directors. These agreements provide, among other things, that the Company will indemnify the officer or director, under the circumstances and to the extent provided for in the agreement, for expenses, damages, judgments, fines and settlements he or she may be required to pay in actions or proceedings which he or she is or may be made a party by reason of his or her position as a director, officer or other agent of the Company, and otherwise to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law and the Company’s Bylaws.

The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or other annual meeting materials with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or other annual meeting materials addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.

This year, a number of brokers with account holders who are Rani Holdings stockholders will be “householding” the Company’s proxy materials. A single Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials will be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that they will be “householding” communications to your address, “householding” will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in “householding” and would prefer to receive a separate Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, please notify your broker or Rani Holdings. Direct your written request to:

Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., Secretary

2051 Ringwood Avenue

San Jose, California 95131

408-457-3700

Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of the Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials at their addresses and would like to request “householding” of their communications should contact their brokers.

The Board of Directors knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the annual meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on such matters in accordance with their best judgment.

A copy of the Company’s Annual Report to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 is available without charge upon written request to:

Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., Secretary