SEC Form FWP filed by Phathom Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus

Filed Pursuant to Rule 433

Dated August 19, 2024

Relating to Prospectus Dated November 17, 2023

Registration Statement No. 333-275431

Common Stock

Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

This free writing prospectus relates only to the offering of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of common stock by Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and should be read together with the prospectus dated November 17, 2023 included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-275431), or the Prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference therein. This free writing prospectus supplements the Prospectus primarily to reflect the terms of certain pre-funded warrants, and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such pre-funded warrants, being offered by Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this free writing prospectus and the Prospectus assumes no exercise of the pre-funded warrants included in this offering.

This free writing prospectus is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference therein. Financial information and other information presented in the Prospectus or incorporated by reference therein is deemed to have changed to the extent affected by the changes described herein. This free writing prospectus should be read together with the Prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference therein, before making a decision in connection with an investment in our securities. Capitalized terms used in this free writing prospectus but not defined have the meanings given to them in the Prospectus.

THE OFFERING

1

RISK FACTORS

There is no public market for the pre-funded warrants being offered in this offering.

There is no existing trading market for the pre-funded warrants and there can be no assurance that a liquid market will develop or be maintained for the pre-funded warrants, or that you will be able to sell any of the pre-funded warrants at a particular time (if at all). In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the pre-funded warrants on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or any other securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the pre-funded warrants will be limited.

We will not receive a significant amount of additional funds upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants.

Each pre-funded warrant will be exercisable for $0.001 per share of common stock underlying such warrant, which may be paid by way of a cashless exercise, in which the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the pre-funded warrant. Accordingly, we will not receive a significant amount of additional funds upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants.

Holders of the pre-funded warrants will have no rights as stockholders until such holders exercise their pre-funded warrants and acquire shares of our common stock.

Until holders of the pre-funded warrants exercise their pre-funded warrants and acquire shares of our common stock, such holders will have no rights with respect to the shares of our common stock underlying such pre-funded warrants. Upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of common stock only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

If we do not maintain a current and effective registration statement relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants, holders will only be able to exercise such pre-funded warrants on a “cashless basis.”

If we do not maintain a current and effective registration statement relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants at the time that holders wish to exercise such pre-funded warrants, they will only be able to exercise them on a “cashless basis” provided that an exemption from registration is available. As a result, the number of shares of common stock that holders will receive upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants will be fewer than it would have been had such holder exercised his or her warrant for cash, and holders may be limited in their ability to immediately sell shares upon exercise subject to volume or other securities law limitations. Further, if an exemption from registration is not available, holders would not be able to exercise on a cashless basis and would only be able to exercise their pre-funded warrants for cash if a current and effective registration statement relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants is available.

Significant holders or beneficial owners of our common stock may not be permitted to exercise the pre-funded warrants that they hold.

A holder of the pre-funded warrants will not be entitled to exercise any portion of any pre-funded warrant that, upon giving effect to such exercise, would cause the aggregate number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such holder (together with its affiliates) to exceed 19.99% or such other specified percentage of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants and subject to such holder’s rights under the pre-funded warrants to increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 19.99% upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your pre-funded warrants for shares of our common stock at a time when it would be financially beneficial for you to do so. In such a circumstance, you could seek to sell your pre-funded warrants to realize value, but you may be unable to do so in the absence of an established trading market.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $    million from the issuance and sale of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants offered by us in this offering, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We will only receive nominal additional proceeds, if any, from any exercise of pre-funded warrants.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund commercialization expenses and further clinical development of vonoprazan and for working capital and general corporate purposes.

We believe, based on our current operating plan, that the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents and other anticipated capital, including future estimated product revenues, the drawdown of the remaining $125 million under that certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 17, 2021, as amended, by and between ourselves with Hercules Capital Inc., or the Loan Agreement, will be sufficient to enable us to reach cashflow positivity. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could deplete our capital resources sooner than we currently expect and not reach cashflow positivity based on the amount and timing of product sales and operating expenses, among other factors. Further, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the factors described under “Risk Factors” in the Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference therein, as well as the amount of cash used in our operations. In addition, our ability to access additional capital under the Loan Agreement is subject to certain conditions including meeting future regulatory milestones. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds from this offering for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds. Pending the uses described above, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.

DESCRIPTION OF PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS

The following is a brief summary of certain terms and conditions of the pre-funded warrants. The following description is subject to and qualified in its entirety by the form of pre-funded warrant.

Form

The pre-funded warrants will be issued as individual warrant agreements to the purchasers. The form of pre-funded warrant will be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.

Term

The pre-funded warrants will not expire until they are fully exercised.

Exercisability

The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable at any time until they are fully exercised. The pre-funded warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and payment of the exercise price. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a pre-funded warrant. The holder of the pre-funded warrants may also satisfy its obligation to pay the exercise price through a “cashless exercise,” in which the holder receives the net value of the pre-funded warrant in shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the pre-funded warrant.

Exercise Limitations

We may not effect the exercise of any pre-funded warrant, and a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of any pre-funded warrant that, upon giving effect to such exercise, would cause the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such holder (together with its affiliates) to exceed 19.99% (or such other percentage that was elected by each holder prior to the issuance of the pre-funded warrants) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is set forth in accordance with the terms of the pre-funded warrants. However, any holder of a pre-funded warrant may increase or decrease such percentage upon at least 61 days’ prior written notice from the holder to us, provided that such percentage may not be in excess of 19.99%.

Certain Adjustments

The exercise price of the pre-funded warrants for shares of common stock to be issued upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants is $0.001 per share. The exercise price of the pre-funded warrants and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our shares of common stock, as well as upon any distribution of assets, including cash, stock or other property, to our stockholders.

Transferability

Subject to applicable laws, the pre-funded warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.

Exchange Listing

We do not intend to list the pre-funded warrants on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Warrant Agent

We will initially serve as the warrant agent under the pre-funded warrants.

Fundamental Transactions

Upon the consummation of a fundamental transaction (as described in the pre-funded warrants), the holders of the pre-funded warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants, the kind and amount of securities, cash, or other property that such holders would have received had they exercised the pre-funded warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction, without regard to any limitations on exercise contained in the pre-funded warrants.

No Rights as a Stockholder

Except by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holder of a pre-funded warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of shares of our common stock, including any voting rights, until such holder exercises the pre-funded warrant.

MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, and disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants issued pursuant to this offering, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. The effects of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws, and any applicable state, local, or foreign tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, in each case, as in effect as of the date of this offering. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect a holder of our common stock or pre-funded warrants. We have not sought and do not currently intend to seek any rulings from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to the discussion below regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, and disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants.

This discussion is limited to holders that hold our common stock or pre-funded warrants as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to a holder’s particular circumstances, including the impact of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income and the alternative minimum tax. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to holders subject to special rules, including, without limitation:

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common stock or pre-funded warrants, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership, and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships (or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holding our common stock or pre-funded warrants and the partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.

THIS DISCUSSION IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK OR PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.

Pre-Funded Warrants

Although it is not entirely free from doubt, a pre-funded warrant should be treated as a share of our common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and a holder of a pre-funded warrant should generally be taxed in the same manner as a holder of such common stock, as described below. Accordingly, no gain or loss should be recognized (other than (i) with respect to cash paid in lieu of a fractional share and (ii) in the case of a cashless exercise of a pre-funded warrant, the treatment of which for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not clear) upon the exercise of a pre-funded warrant and, upon exercise, the holding period of a pre-funded warrant should carry over to the common stock received. Similarly, the tax basis of the pre-funded warrant should carry over to the common stock received upon exercise, increased by the exercise price per share of common stock.

Our characterization is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may treat our pre-funded warrants as warrants to acquire our common stock. In that case, the amount and character of your gain or loss with respect to an investment in our pre-funded warrants could be materially different from the discussion set forth below. Accordingly, each holder should consult such holder’s tax advisor regarding the risks associated with the acquisition of pre-funded warrants pursuant to this offering (including potential alternative characterizations). The remainder of this discussion assumes that a pre-funded warrant is treated as a share of our common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Tax Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders

Definition of a U.S. Holder

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our common stock or pre-funded warrant that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as any of the following:

Distributions

As described in the section titled “Dividend Policy” contained in the Prospectus, we do not intend to pay cash dividends to our stockholders in the foreseeable future. However, if we do make distributions of cash or property on our common stock or pre-funded warrants, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Dividends received by a corporate U.S. holder may be eligible for a dividends received deduction, subject to applicable limitations. Dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are generally taxed at the lower applicable capital gains rate provided certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied.

Amounts not treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes will constitute a return of capital and first be applied against and reduce a U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock or pre-funded warrants, but not below zero. Any excess will be treated as capital gain and will be treated as described below under “—Tax Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders—Sale or Other Taxable Disposition.”

Constructive Distributions on Pre-Funded Warrants

A U.S. holder of pre-funded warrants may, in some circumstances, be deemed to have received a distribution subject to U.S. federal income tax as a result of an adjustment or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to the exercise price or number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such pre-funded warrants. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of any adjustments or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to pre-funded warrants.

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition

Subject to the discussion below of cashless exercises of pre-funded warrants, upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the common stock or pre-funded warrants, a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition and (ii) such U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common stock or pre-funded warrants. Such capital gain or loss will be long term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder’s holding period in such common stock or pre-funded warrants is more than one year at the time of the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, generally will be subject to reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.

Although there is no direct legal authority as to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an exercise of a pre-funded warrant on a cashless basis, we intend to take the position that such exercise will not be taxable, either because the exercise is not a gain realization event or because it qualifies as a tax-free recapitalization. In the former case, the holding period of the shares of our common stock received upon exercise of pre-funded warrants should commence on the day after such pre-funded warrants are exercised. In the latter case, the holding period of the shares of our common stock received upon exercise of pre-funded warrants would include the holding period of the exercised pre-funded warrants. However, our position is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may treat a cashless exercise of a pre-funded warrant as a taxable exchange. U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of an exercise of a pre-funded warrant on a cashless basis, including with respect to their holding period and tax basis in the common stock received.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A U.S. holder may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding if such holder receives distributions on the common stock or pre-funded warrants (including constructive distributions) or receives proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of common stock or pre-funded warrants. Certain U.S. holders are exempt from backup withholding. A U.S. holder will be subject to backup withholding if such holder is not otherwise exempt and such holder:

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption.

Tax Considerations Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders

Definition of a Non-U.S. Holder

For purposes of this discussion, a “non-U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our common stock or pre-funded warrants that is neither a U.S. holder nor an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Distributions

As described in the section titled “Dividend Policy” contained in the Prospectus, we do not intend to pay cash dividends to our stockholders in the foreseeable future. However, if we do make distributions of cash or property on our common stock or pre-funded warrants, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles.

Amounts not treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes will constitute a return of capital and first be applied against and reduce a non-U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock or pre-funded warrants, but not below zero. Any excess will be treated as capital gain and will be treated as described below under “—Sale or Other Taxable Disposition.”

Subject to the discussions below on effectively connected income, backup withholding and foreign accounts, dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty, provided the non-U.S. holder furnishes a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation) certifying qualification for such lower rate under an income tax treaty between the United States and the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is established). This certification must be provided to the applicable withholding agent prior to the payment of dividends and must be updated periodically. A non-U.S. holder that does not timely furnish the required documentation, but that qualifies for a reduced treaty rate, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

If dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the non-U.S. holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such dividends are attributable), then the non-U.S. holder will be exempt from the U.S. federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption, the non-U.S. holder must furnish to the applicable withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. This certification must be provided to the applicable withholding agent prior to the payment of dividends and must be updated periodically. Any such effectively connected dividends will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on its effectively connected dividends, as adjusted for certain items.

Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty.

Constructive Distributions on Pre-Funded Warrants

A non-U.S. holder of pre-funded warrants may, in some circumstances, be deemed to have received a distribution subject to U.S. federal income tax as a result of an adjustment or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to the exercise price or number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such pre-funded warrants. Any

resulting withholding tax attributable to deemed dividends may be collected from other amounts payable or distributable to the non-U.S. holder. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of any adjustments or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to the pre-funded warrants.

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition

Subject to the discussion below on foreign accounts, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants unless:

Gain described in the first bullet point above will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular rates applicable to U.S. persons. A non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected gain, as adjusted for certain items.

A non-U.S. holder described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on any gain realized upon the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants, which may be offset by U.S.-source capital losses of the non-U.S. holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the non-U.S. holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.

With respect to the third bullet point above, we believe we currently are not, and do not anticipate becoming, a USRPHC. Because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends, however, on the fair market value of our USRPIs relative to the fair market value of our other business assets and our non-U.S. real property interests, there can be no assurance we currently are not a USRPHC or will not become one in the future. Even if we are or were to become a USRPHC, gain arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants by a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if our common stock or pre-funded warrants are “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, and such non-U.S. holder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common stock and/or pre-funded warrants throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period for such common stock or pre-funded warrants.

Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding potentially applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of dividends on our common stock or pre-funded warrants to a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to backup withholding, provided the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know the holder is a United States person and the holder either certifies its non-U.S. status, such as by furnishing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, or W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption. However, information returns are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with any distributions on our common stock or pre-funded warrants paid to the non-U.S. holder, regardless of whether such distributions constitute dividends or whether any tax was actually withheld. In addition, proceeds of the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related brokers generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting if the applicable withholding agent receives the certification described

above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a United States person or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Proceeds of a disposition of our common stock or pre-funded warrants conducted through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting.

Copies of information returns that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is established.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Additional Withholding Tax on Payments Made to Foreign Accounts

Withholding taxes may be imposed under Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S. financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities. Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends (including deemed dividends) on, or (subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below) gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, our common stock or pre-funded warrants paid to a “foreign financial institution” or a “non-financial foreign entity” (each as defined in the Code), unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any “substantial United States owners” (as defined in the Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence and reporting requirements in clause (1) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain “specified United States persons” or “United States owned foreign entities” (each as defined in the Code), annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.

Under the applicable Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally applies to payments of dividends (including deemed dividends) on our common stock or pre-funded warrants. While withholding under FATCA would have applied also to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of stock, proposed Treasury Regulations eliminate FATCA withholding on payments of gross proceeds entirely. Taxpayers generally may rely on these proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations are issued.

Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to their investment in our common stock or pre-funded warrants.

THIS DISCUSSION IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK OR PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.

GENERAL

Additional conforming changes are hereby made to the Prospectus to reflect the changes described in this free writing prospectus. All terms of the Prospectus applicable to our shares of our common stock will be applicable to the shares of common stock underlying the pre-funded warrants upon issuance.

We have filed a registration statement, including the Prospectus, with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates, which registration statement was declared effective on November 17, 2023. Before you invest, you should read the Prospectus and other documents we have filed with the SEC for more complete information about us and the offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, copies may be obtained by contacting: Evercore Group L.L.C., Attention: Equity Capital Markets, 55 East 52nd Street, 35th Floor, New York, NY 10055, by telephone at (888) 474-0200 or by email at [email protected]; Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, One Montgomery Street, Suite 3700, San Francisco, CA 94104, Attention: Syndicate, or by phone at (415) 364-2720, or by email at [email protected]; or Guggenheim Securities, LLC, Attention: Equity Syndicate Department, 330 Madison Avenue, 8th floor, New York, NY 10017, by telephone at (212) 518-9544, or by email at [email protected].