SEC Form POS AM filed by Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2025

Registration No. 333-287918

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Post-Effective Amendment No. 1

to

FORM F-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

CONNECT BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

Cayman Islands		Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

3580 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 200

San Diego, California 92130

Tel: +1 877 245 2787

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Connect Biopharm LLC

3580 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 200

San Diego, California 92130

Tel: +1 877 245 2787

(Name, address, and telephone number of agent for service)

 

 

With copies to:

Michael E. Sullivan, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

12670 High Bluff Drive

San Diego, California 92130

Tel: +1 858 523 5400

 

 

Jeff Cohn, Esq.

General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited

3580 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 200

San Diego, California 92130

Tel: +1 877 245 2787

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

We hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until we file a further amendment which will specifically state that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-3 (Registration No. 333-287918) (the “Registration Statement”) of Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited is being filed to remove from registration all American Depositary Shares representing Ordinary Shares that were previously registered under such Registration Statement. Effective September 2, 2025, we terminated our American Depositary Receipt (“ADR”) program. At such time, our ADRs were mandatorily cancelled and exchanged for Ordinary Shares at a one-for-one ratio. On September 3, 2025, our Ordinary Shares commenced trading directly on the Nasdaq Global Market under the Company’s existing symbol “CNTB”.

This registration statement contains:

 

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A base prospectus, which covers the offering, issuance and sales by us of up to $300,000,000 in the aggregate of our securities from time to time in one or more offerings; and

 

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A sales agreement prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of up to $150,000,000 of the Ordinary Shares that may be issued and sold from time to time under a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”).

The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The Sales Agreement prospectus immediately follows the base prospectus. The $150,000,000 of Ordinary Shares that may be offered, issued and sold under the Sales Agreement prospectus is included in the $300,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the Sales Agreement, any portion of the $150,000,000 included in the Sales Agreement prospectus that is not sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus, and if no Ordinary Shares are sold under the Sales Agreement, the full $150,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			1
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			2
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE			3
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES			5
THE COMPANY			6
RISK FACTORS			14
USE OF PROCEEDS			15
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL			16
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES			26
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS			34
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS			36
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS			37
GLOBAL SECURITIES			38
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			42
LEGAL MATTERS			44
EXPERTS			44

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may sell securities from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $300,000,000 as described in this prospectus. Each time that we offer and sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities being offered and sold and the specific terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement (and any applicable free writing prospectuses), together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover, that the information appearing in any applicable free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of that free writing prospectus, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus incorporates by reference, and any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may contain and incorporate by reference, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any applicable free writing prospectus may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

When we refer to “Connect,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” in this prospectus, we mean Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited, together with our direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Connect Biopharma HongKong Limited, Connect Biopharm LLC, Connect Biopharma Australia PTY LTD, Suzhou Connect Biopharma Co., Ltd., Connect Biopharma (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Connect Biopharma (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Connect Biopharma (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., unless otherwise specified. When we refer to “you,” we mean the potential holders of the applicable series of securities.

We use our trademarks in this prospectus as well as trademarks, tradenames and service marks that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus appear without the ^® and ^™ symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and tradenames.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including any statements regarding our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, research and development, potential of, and expectations for, our pipeline and technology platforms, the timing, potential of and expectations for planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, the timing and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our product candidates, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, the potential benefits of collaborations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management, expected market size and growth for our potential products, the timing of availability of clinical data, program updates and data disclosures, and our plans for rademikibart, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “might,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “seek,” “would” or “continue,” or similar expressions and the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, including those described in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, in each case under the heading “Risk Factors”. Accordingly, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file reports and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is https://www.sec.gov.

Our website address is https://www.connectbiopharma.com. The information on our website, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Forms of the indenture and other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC. We are not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof that are not deemed “filed” with the SEC, including any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.

 

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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025;

 

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Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025 and August 13, 2025, respectively;

 

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Our Current Report on Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2025;

 

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Our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2025, May  13, 2025, May  14, 2025, July 9, 2025, July 17, 2025, July 21, 2025 and July 22, 2025; and

 

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The description of our securities contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021, and any amendment or report filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating such description.

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act” in this prospectus, prior to the termination of this offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

 

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You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

CONNECT BIOPHARMA

3580 CARMEL MOUNTAIN ROAD, SUITE 200

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92130

(877) 245-2787

Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

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ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. All of our officers and a majority of our directors are U.S. residents, and our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California. However, certain of our operations are conducted, and certain of our operational assets are located, in the People’s Republic of China, or the PRC. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process upon us with respect to certain matters, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law and other applicable laws and regulations based either on treaties between the PRC and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. The PRC does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the U.S. or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the U.S. or in the Cayman Islands. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against a company in the PRC for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. It may be, however, difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and it may be difficult for U.S. shareholders, by virtue only of holding our Ordinary Shares, to establish sufficient connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.

We have appointed Connect Biopharm LLC, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the U.S.

There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would: (i) recognize or enforce against us or our directors or officers judgments of courts of the U.S. predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any State in the U.S.; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any State in the U.S., so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the U.S., the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce such judgment at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court, provided such judgment (a) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction; (b) imposes upon the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given; (c) is final; (d) is not in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty; (e) was not obtained in a manner, and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

 

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THE COMPANY

Connect Biopharma, headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing rademikibart, a potentially best-in-class next generation anti-interleukin-4-receptor alpha (“IL-4Ra”) antibody, to transform acute and chronic care in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”).

We are not a Chinese operating company but a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct operations primarily through our direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, some of which were established in the PRC. The securities offered in this prospectus are securities of our Cayman Islands holding company, not of our operating subsidiaries.

Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is at the offices of Appleby Global Services (Cayman) Limited at PO Box 500, 71 Fort Street, Grand Cayman, KY1-1106, Cayman Islands. Our principal executive office and agent for service of process in the United States is located at 3580 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 200, San Diego, California, 92130. Our PRC research, development and administration facility is located at Science and Technology Park, East R&D Building, 3rd Floor, 6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China 215400, and its telephone number is +86 512 5357 7866.

Risk Factor Summary

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Below is a summary of certain factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. Importantly, this summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized below, as well as other risks that we face, can be found under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Risks Related to Our Limited Operating History, Financial Position and Capital Requirements

 

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We have a limited operating history, have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future. We might never generate any additional revenue or become profitable or, if we achieve profitability, we might be unable to sustain it.

 

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We will require substantial additional capital to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain or access this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development programs, commercialization efforts or other operations. Our existing capital will not be sufficient for us to fund rademikibart (formerly CBP-201) or any other future product candidates (collectively, our “Product Candidates”) through regulatory approvals, and we will need additional capital to complete their development and commercialization.

 

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Raising additional capital may cause substantial dilution to our shareholders, including holders of our Ordinary Shares, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or Product Candidates.

Risks Related to the Discovery, Development and Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates

 

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Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur unforeseen costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our Product Candidates.

 

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We depend on enrollment of patients in our clinical trials for our Product Candidates. If we experience delays or difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our research and development efforts and business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

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Our Product Candidates may be associated with serious adverse events or undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or halt their clinical development, delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or result in significant negative consequences.

 

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We have conducted and may continue to conduct clinical trials for our Product Candidates in international sites, and the applicable regulatory authority may not accept data from trials conducted in foreign locations.

 

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Interim, “top-line” or preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

 

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We may attempt to secure approval from the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the National Medical Products Administration (the “NMPA”) or comparable foreign regulatory authorities through the use of accelerated approval pathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials beyond those that we contemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals. Even if we receive accelerated approval from the FDA, the NMPA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, if our confirmatory trials do not verify clinical benefit, or if we do not comply with rigorous post-marketing requirements, the FDA, the NMPA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may seek to withdraw accelerated approval.

 

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We have only one Product Candidate, rademikibart, currently in clinical development. If we are unable to successfully develop our Product Candidates or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

 

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Our approach to the discovery and development of Product Candidates based on potent T cell modulation activity is unproven, and we do not know whether we will be able to develop any products of commercial value, or if competing technological approaches will limit the commercial value of our Product Candidates or render our approach obsolete.

 

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We have never submitted a New Drug Application or Biologics License Application, and may be unable to do so for any of our Product Candidates.

 

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The regulatory approval processes of the FDA, the NMPA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming and unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our Product Candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.

 

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Disruptions at the FDA, the NMPA, comparable foreign regulatory authorities, and other government agencies caused by shifting governmental policies and priorities, reductions in the federal workforce, funding shortages or global health concerns could hinder their ability to hire, retain or deploy key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new or modified products from being developed, approved or commercialized in a timely manner or at all, which could negatively impact our business.

 

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Our Product Candidates for which we intend to seek approval as biologic products may face competition sooner than anticipated.

 

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The proposed revision of the EU legislation on pharmaceuticals could lead to uncertainties over the regulatory framework that will be applicable to medicinal products in the EU.

Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties

 

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We rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties, including independent clinical investigators and contract research organizations (“CROs”), to conduct some aspects of our preclinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, comply with applicable regulatory requirements or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our Product Candidates and our business could be substantially harmed.

 

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We contract with third parties for the manufacture of our Product Candidates for preclinical studies and our ongoing clinical trials, and expect to continue to do so for additional clinical trials and ultimately, for commercialization. This reliance on third parties increases the risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of our Product Candidates or drugs or such quantities at an acceptable cost, which could delay, prevent or impair our development or commercialization efforts.

 

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Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor or other third party will discover them or that our trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed.

 

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We have entered into and expect to seek to enter into collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements and may not be successful in doing so, and we may not realize the benefits of such relationships.

 

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If the custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Product Candidates

 

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Even if our Product Candidates receive regulatory approval, they will be subject to ongoing regulatory review and significant post-marketing regulatory requirements and oversight.

 

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The FDA and other regulatory agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses. If we are found or alleged to have improperly promoted off-label uses, we may become subject to significant liability.

 

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The commercial success of our Product Candidates will depend upon the degree of market acceptance of such Product Candidates by physicians, patients, healthcare payors and others in the medical community.

 

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The successful commercialization of our Product Candidates, if approved, will depend in part on the extent to which governmental authorities and health insurers establish coverage, adequate reimbursement levels and favorable pricing policies. Failure to obtain or maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement for our products could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue.

 

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We face significant competition, and if our competitors develop technologies or Product Candidates more rapidly than we do or their technologies are more effective, our ability to develop and successfully commercialize products may be adversely affected.

 

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If the market opportunities for our products are smaller than we believe they are, our revenue may be adversely affected, and our business may suffer.

 

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We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience as a company in commercializing products, and we may have to invest significant resources to develop these capabilities. If we are unable to establish marketing and sales capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our products, we may not be able to generate product revenue.

 

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Our future growth may depend, in part, on our ability to operate in foreign markets, where we would be subject to additional regulatory burdens and other risks and uncertainties.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations and Industry

 

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Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide.

 

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We are dependent on the services of our management and other clinical and scientific personnel, and if we are not able to retain these individuals or recruit additional management or clinical and scientific personnel, our business will suffer.

 

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We may encounter difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our operations successfully.

 

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If we have multiple Product Candidates in our clinical pipeline and if we consider a variety of target indications, we may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular Product Candidate and fail to capitalize on Product Candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

 

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We have incurred and may continue to incur significant costs for our clinical trials for our Product Candidates.

 

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We may be exposed to liabilities under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws of the PRC and other countries in which we operate, as well as U.S. and foreign export controls, trade sanctions and import laws and regulations. Compliance with these legal requirements could limit our ability to compete in foreign markets and any determination that we have violated these laws could have a material adverse effect on our business or our reputation.

 

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We are subject to various foreign, federal, and state healthcare laws and regulations, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our results of operations and financial condition.

 

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Actual or perceived failures to comply with applicable data protection, privacy and security laws, regulations, standards and other requirements could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

 

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Recently enacted legislation, future legislation and healthcare reform measures may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval for and commercialize our Product Candidates and may affect the prices we may set.

 

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Some of our investments may be subject to review from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. which may delay or block a transaction from closing.

 

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If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products.

 

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Our IT Systems, or those of our CROs, manufacturers, other contractors, vendors, consultants or collaborators, may fail or suffer system failures, security breaches or deficiencies in cybersecurity, which could result in a material disruption of our product development programs, compromise sensitive information related to our business or trigger contractual and legal obligations.

 

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Our employees and independent contractors, including principal investigators, CROs, consultants and vendors, may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

 

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We may engage in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses and present significant distractions to our management.

 

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Significant changes or developments in U.S. laws or policies, including changes in U.S. trade policies and tariffs and the reaction of other countries thereto, may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

 

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Our success depends on our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies.

 

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If we fail to comply with our obligations under any license, collaboration or other agreements, or otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our collaborators or future licensors, we may be required to pay damages and could lose intellectual property rights that are necessary for developing and protecting our current and future Product Candidates.

 

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If the scope of any patent protection we obtain is not sufficiently broad, or if we lose any of our patent protection, our ability to prevent our competitors and other third parties from commercializing Product Candidates similar or identical to ours would be adversely affected.

 

•

The patent protection and patent prosecution for our current or any future Product Candidates may be dependent on third parties.

 

•

If we are not successful in obtaining patent term extensions for our current and future Product Candidates, our business may be harmed, and the lack of effective enforcement of patent linkage and the absence of patent term extension and data and market exclusivity for Product Candidates approved by the NMPA could increase the risk of early generic competition with our products in the PRC.

 

•

Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for noncompliance with these requirements.

 

•

Third-party claims or litigation alleging infringement, misappropriation or other violation of, or seeking to invalidate, patents or other intellectual and proprietary rights, may delay or prevent the development and commercialization of any of our current or future Product Candidates.

 

•

We may not identify relevant third-party patents or may incorrectly interpret the relevance, scope or expiration of a third-party patent, which might adversely affect our ability to develop and market our Product Candidates.

 

•

We may need to acquire or license intellectual property from third parties, and such licenses may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms.

 

•

We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.

 

•

Derivation, interference or other proceedings may be necessary to determine priority of inventions relating to our current or future Product Candidates, and an unfavorable outcome may require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights from the prevailing party.

 

•

Because of the expense and uncertainty of litigation, we may not be in a position to enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties.

 

•

Patent reform legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our current and future patent applications or those of our future licensors and the enforcement or defense of our current and future issued patents or those of our future licensors.

 

•

Changes in U.S. patent law, PRC patent law or patent laws in other countries could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our current and any future Product Candidates.

 

•

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world, including in the PRC.

 

•

Compulsory standards for remuneration to creators or inventors of the patents they contribute to our business could be considerable.

 

•

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

 

•

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of their former employers or other third parties.

 

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•

If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our business may be adversely affected.

 

•

Any collaboration arrangements that we have or may enter into in the future may not be successful, which could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our products.

 

•

Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats.

Risks Related to Doing Business in the PRC

 

•

Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.

 

•

The PRC government may intervene in or influence our operations in accordance with laws and regulations, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

Compliance with the PRC’s Data Security Law, Cybersecurity Review Measures, Personal Information Protection Law, regulations and guidelines relating to the multi-level protection scheme and any other future laws and regulations may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.

 

•

PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain, and therefore, these risks may result in a material negative change in our subsidiaries’ operations, significant depreciation of the value of our Ordinary Shares, or a hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors, which could cause the value of the securities of investors to decrease.

 

•

The approval of and the filing with the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required under a PRC regulation in connection with any future offerings of our securities in the U.S. market.

 

•

Certain PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions. Any failure by us to comply with PRC anti-monopoly laws and regulations may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation or claims against us and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

•

Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to remit funds out of the PRC and utilize our capital or future revenues effectively and could affect the value of any investment in our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investments in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may restrict or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries.

 

•

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee share incentive plans may subject our equity incentive plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

 

•

PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to change their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC laws.

 

•

We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

 

•

Dividends paid to our non-PRC investors (should we ever pay dividends) and gains on the sale of our Ordinary Shares by our non-PRC investors may become subject to PRC tax.

 

•

We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a PRC establishment of a non-PRC company, or immovable properties located in the PRC owned by non-PRC companies.

 

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•

We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to reorganizations or restructurings that we may undertake.

 

•

We could be adversely affected by rising political tensions and any potential conflicts between the U.S. and the PRC.

 

•

Recent litigation, regulatory scrutiny and negative publicity surrounding PRC-based companies listed in the U.S. may result in increased regulatory scrutiny of us and negatively impact the trading price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

The enforcement of the PRC Labor Law, Labor Contract Law, and other labor-related regulations in the PRC may increase our labor costs and limit our flexibility to use labor. If we fail to comply with PRC labor-related laws, we may be exposed to penalties.

 

•

Our business benefits from tax benefits or financial incentives and discretionary policies granted by governmental authorities in the PRC. Expiration, elimination or reduction of these incentives or policies would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

•

The pharmaceutical industry in the PRC is highly regulated and such regulations are subject to change which may affect approval and commercialization of our drugs.

 

•

We may be restricted by industry-specific laws and regulations from transferring our scientific data outside of the PRC.

 

•

The ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions for violations of U.S. securities law and regulations against us, our directors, executive officers or the expert named in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 may be limited. Therefore, investors may not be afforded the same protection as provided to investors in U.S. domestic companies.

 

•

Investors may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing non-PRC judgments or bringing original actions in the PRC, based on U.S. or other non-PRC laws, against us, our directors and executive officers named in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Therefore, investors may not be able to enjoy the protection of such laws in an effective manner.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares

 

•

The trading price of our Ordinary Shares could be highly volatile, and purchasers of our Ordinary Shares could incur substantial losses.

 

•

Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

If we fail to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), it could result in a delisting of our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

An active, liquid trading market for our Ordinary Shares may not be maintained.

 

•

Our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders, if they choose to act together, will have the ability to control or significantly influence all matters submitted to shareholders for approval. Furthermore, some of our current directors were appointed by our principal shareholders.

 

•

We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our securities, and, consequently, the ability to achieve a return on investment in our Ordinary Shares will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

Sales of a substantial number of our Ordinary Shares by our existing shareholders in the public market could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to fall.

 

•

We are an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company, and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies may make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.

 

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•

As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to some U.S. securities law disclosure requirements that apply to a U.S. domestic issuer, which may limit the information publicly available to our shareholders.

 

•

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to adopt some home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with corporate governance listing standards.

 

•

Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, investors do not have the same rights with respect to shareholder meetings and voting that shareholders of some U.S. corporations have.

 

•

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

 

•

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of any investment in our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

Investors may not receive distributions on our Ordinary Shares or any value for them if such distribution is illegal or impractical or if any required government approval cannot be obtained in order to make such distribution available to any investor.

 

•

Investors’ right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to holdings in our Ordinary Shares.

 

•

Investors may face difficulties in protecting the interests of investors, and the ability to protect the rights of investors through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

 

•

We may experience material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. If so, or if we otherwise fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the trading price of our Ordinary Shares may decline.

 

•

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit our shareholders’ opportunity to sell their Ordinary Shares at a premium.

 

•

We could be subject to securities class action litigation.

 

•

If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our Ordinary Shares and trading volume could decline.

 

•

The increasing use of social media platforms presents new risks and challenges.

 

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RISK FACTORS

Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement involves risks. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. There may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that could have material adverse effects on our future results. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. Please also carefully read the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement(s).

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our fifth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended from time to time (our “Charter”), the Companies Act (as revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below and the common law of the Cayman Islands.

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is $76,560, divided into 440,000,000 shares comprised of (i) 400,000,000 Ordinary Shares, par value $0.000174 per share, and (ii) 40,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.000174 per share, of such class or classes (however designated) as the Board of Directors may determine in accordance with our Charter. As of the date of this prospectus, 55,730,574 Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding. All of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable.

Our Charter

The following are summaries of certain material provisions of our Charter and the Companies Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares.

Objects of Our Company

Under our Charter, the objects of our company are unrestricted and we have the full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the law of the Cayman Islands.

Ordinary Shares

Our Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members (shareholders). We may not issue shares to bearer. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares. Each Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote on all matters subject to vote at our general meetings.

Dividends

The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors. In addition, our shareholders may declare dividends by ordinary resolution, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by our Board of Directors. Our Charter provides that our Board of Directors may, before recommending or declaring any dividend, set aside out of the funds legally available for distribution such sums as it determines proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, in the absolute discretion of the Board of Directors, be applicable for meeting contingencies or for equalizing dividends or for any other purpose to which those funds may be properly applied. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or our share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.

Voting Rights

Each Ordinary Share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to a vote at general meetings of our company. Voting at any shareholders’ meeting is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands). A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or by any one or more shareholders who together hold not less than 10% of the votes attaching to the total number of Ordinary Shares which are present in person or by proxy at the meeting.

An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares which are cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares

 

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which are cast at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our Charter. Our company may, among other things, divide or combine our Ordinary Shares, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.

General Meetings of Shareholders

As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our Charter provides that we may (but are not obliged to) in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our Board of Directors.

Shareholders’ general meetings may be convened by the chairman of our Board of Directors or by a majority of our directors (acting by a resolution of the Board of Directors). Advance notice of at least 10 calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting (if any) and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for any general meeting of shareholders consists of one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy, holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to all of our shares in issue and entitled to vote at such general meeting.

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our Charter provides that upon the requisition of shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of the votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, our Board of Directors will convene an extraordinary general meeting and put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. However, our Charter does not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the restrictions set out below, any Company shareholder may transfer all or any Ordinary Shares held by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form, in a form prescribed by Nasdaq or any other form approved by our Board of Directors.

Our Board of Directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our Board of Directors may also decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share unless:

 

•

the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the Ordinary Shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our Board of Directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;

 

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the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of Ordinary Shares;

 

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the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;

 

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in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the Ordinary Share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and

 

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a fee of such maximum sum as Nasdaq may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our Board of Directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.

If our Board of Directors refuses to register a transfer it shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

 

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The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required by Nasdaq, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our Board of Directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 calendar days in any calendar year.

Liquidation

On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders are more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay the whole of the share capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.

Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares

Our Board of Directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares

We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our Board of Directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares on such terms and in such manner as have been approved by our Board of Directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our profits or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding or (c) if our company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.

Variations of Rights of Shares

If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes or series of shares, the rights attached to any class or series of shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class or series), whether or not our company is being wound-up, may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or series or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class or series. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation, allotment or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with or subsequent to such existing class of shares or the redemption or purchase of any shares of any class by our company. The rights of the holders of shares shall not be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation or issue of shares with preferred or other rights including, without limitation, the creation of shares with enhanced or weighted voting rights.

Issuance of Additional Shares

Our Charter authorizes our Board of Directors to issue additional Ordinary Shares from time to time as our Board of Directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.

 

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Our Charter also authorizes our Board of Directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:

 

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the designation of the series;

 

•

the number of shares of the series;

 

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the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and

 

•

the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.

Our Board of Directors may issue preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of Ordinary Shares.

Inspection of Books and Records

Holders of our Ordinary Shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (except for the Charter, special resolutions which have been passed by our shareholders, our register of mortgages and charges and a list of our current directors). However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited consolidated financial statements. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Some provisions of our Charter may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

 

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authorize our Board of Directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and

 

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limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.

However, under Cayman Islands law, our Board of Directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Charter for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

Exempted Company

We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:

 

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does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

 

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is not required to open its register of members for inspection;

 

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does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

 

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may issue shares with no par value;

 

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may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 30 years in the first instance);

 

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may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

 

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•

may register as a limited duration company; and

 

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may register as a segregated portfolio company.

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).

Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of some significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies in the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.

The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.

Save in some limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provide the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.

 

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Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement between a company and its members (or any class of them), or between the company and its creditors (or any class of them), provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

 

•

the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

 

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the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;

 

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the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and

 

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the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.

The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits

In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:

 

•

an act which is ultra vires or illegal and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders;

 

•

the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and

 

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those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud

 

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or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Charter provides that we shall indemnify our officers and directors against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such directors or officer, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his or her duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.

In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and specific executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our Charter.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He or she must not use their corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he or she owes the following duties to the company – a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits them to do so), a duty not to put himself or herself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

Shareholder Action by Written Resolution

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our Charter provide

 

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that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

Shareholder Proposals

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our Charter allows our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our Charter does not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we may but are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.

Cumulative Voting

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our Charter does not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

Removal of Directors

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Charter, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. In addition, a director’s office shall be vacated if the director (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind or dies; (iii) resigns his or her office by notice in writing to the Company; (iv) without special leave of absence from our Board of Directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the Board and the Board resolves that his or her office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provisions of our Charter.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in various business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or

 

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more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

Restructuring

A company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company:

(a) is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts; and

(b) intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring.

The Grand Court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer upon hearing of such petition, and any restructuring officer so appointed shall have such powers and carry out only such functions as the court may order. At any time (i) after the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer but before an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer has been made, and (ii) when an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer is made, until such order has been discharged, no suit, action or other proceedings (other than criminal proceedings) shall be proceeded with or commenced against the company, no resolution to wind up the company shall be passed, and no winding up petition may be presented against the company, except with the leave of the court and subject to such terms as the court may impose. However, notwithstanding the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer or the appointment of a restructuring officer, a creditor who has security over the whole or part of the assets of the company is entitled to enforce the security without the leave of the court and without reference to the restructuring officer appointed.

Dissolution; Winding up

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.

Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.

Variation of Rights of Shares

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides

 

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otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our Charter, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

Amendment of Governing Documents

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our Charter, our Charter may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.

Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders

There are no limitations imposed by our Charter on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Charter governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Ordinary Shares is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

Listing

Our Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CNTB.”

 

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, summarizes certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. We will also indicate in the supplement to what extent the general terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to a particular series of debt securities.

We may issue debt securities either separately, or together with, or upon the conversion or exercise of or in exchange for, other securities described in this prospectus. Debt securities may be our senior, senior subordinated or subordinated obligations and, unless otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and may be issued in one or more series.

The debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us and a trustee named in the prospectus supplement. We have summarized select portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. In the summary below, we have included references to the section numbers of the indenture so that you can easily locate these provisions. Capitalized terms used in the summary and not defined herein have the meanings specified in the indenture.

As used in this section only, “CNTB,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited, together with our direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Connect Biopharma HongKong Limited, Connect Biopharm LLC, Connect Biopharma Australia PTY LTD, Suzhou Connect Biopharma Co., Ltd., Connect Biopharma (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Connect Biopharma (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Connect Biopharma (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., unless expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.

General

The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our Board of Directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a resolution of our Board of Directors, in an officer’s certificate or by a supplemental indenture. (Section 2.2) The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series (including any pricing supplement or term sheet).

We can issue an unlimited amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. (Section 2.1) We will set forth in a prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement or term sheet) relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt securities, if applicable:

 

•

the title and ranking of the debt securities (including the terms of any subordination provisions);

 

•

the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;

 

•

any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;

 

•

the date or dates on which the principal of the securities of the series is payable;

 

•

the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;

 

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•

the place or places where principal of, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be payable (and the method of such payment), where the debt securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, and where notices and demands to us in respect of the debt securities may be delivered;

 

•

the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities;

 

•

any obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and in the terms and conditions upon which securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

 

•

the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;

 

•

the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

 

•

whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;

 

•

the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;

 

•

the currency of denomination of the debt securities, which may be United States Dollars or any foreign currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;

 

•

the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;

 

•

if payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;

 

•

the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;

 

•

any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;

 

•

any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;

 

•

any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;

 

•

any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities;

 

•

the provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of such series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price and period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange;

 

•

any other terms of the debt securities, which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series, including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the securities; and

 

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•

whether any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries will guarantee the debt securities of that series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees. (Section 2.2)

We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the U.S. federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.

If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Transfer and Exchange

Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC” or the “Depositary”), or a nominee of the Depositary (we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a “book-entry debt security”), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt security represented by a certificated security as a “certificated debt security”) as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the heading “Global Securities” below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.

Certificated Debt Securities. You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any office we maintain for this purpose in accordance with the terms of the indenture. (Section 2.4) No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange. (Section 2.7)

You may effect the transfer of certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on certificated debt securities only by surrendering the certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate to the new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new certificate to the new holder.

Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System. Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the Depositary, and registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. Please see “Global Securities.”

Covenants

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities. (Article IV)

No Protection in the Event of a Change of Control

Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities.

 

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Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

We may not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to any person (a “successor person”) unless:

 

•

we are the surviving entity or the successor person (if other than Connect) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of the Cayman Islands and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture; and

 

•

immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.

Notwithstanding the above, any of our subsidiaries may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to us. (Section 5.1)

Events of Default

“Event of Default” means with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:

 

•

default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of the payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration of the 30-day period);

 

•

default in the payment of principal of any debt security of that series at its maturity;

 

•

default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture or any debt security (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or Connect and the trustee receive written notice from the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;

 

•

certain voluntary or involuntary events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Connect;

 

•

any other Event of Default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described in the applicable prospectus supplement. (Section 6.1)

No Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an Event of Default with respect to any other series of debt securities. (Section 6.1) The occurrence of certain Events of Default or an acceleration under the indenture may constitute an event of default under certain indebtedness of ours or our subsidiaries outstanding from time to time.

We will provide the trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof. (Section 6.1)

If an Event of Default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal of (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all debt securities of that series. In the case of an Event of Default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid

 

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interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul the acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture. (Section 6.2) We refer you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of such discount securities upon the occurrence of an Event of Default.

The indenture provides that the trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any cost, liability or expense which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power. (Section 7.1(e)) Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series. (Section 6.12)

No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:

 

•

that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to debt securities of that series; and

 

•

the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered indemnity or security satisfactory to the trustee, to the trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not received from the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60 days. (Section 6.7)

Notwithstanding any other provision in the indenture, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment. (Section 6.8)

The indenture requires us, within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to compliance with the indenture. (Section 4.3) If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the securities of any series and if it is known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee shall mail to each holder of the securities of that series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a responsible officer of the trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any Default or Event of Default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if the trustee determines in good faith that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities. (Section 7.5)

Modification and Waiver

We and the trustee may modify, amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities of any series without the consent of any holder of any debt security:

 

•

to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;

 

•

to comply with covenants in the indenture described above under the heading “Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets”;

 

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•

to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to or in place of certificated securities;

 

•

to add guarantees with respect to debt securities of any series or secure debt securities of any series;

 

•

to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture;

 

•

to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of debt securities of any series;

 

•

to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;

 

•

to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of debt securities;

 

•

to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of debt securities of any series as permitted by the indenture;

 

•

to effect the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of any series and to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to provide for or facilitate administration by more than one trustee; or

 

•

to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. (Section 9.1)

We may also modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the modifications or amendments. We may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holders of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will:

 

•

reduce the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

 

•

reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any debt security;

 

•

reduce the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;

 

•

reduce the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;

 

•

waive a default or event of default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

 

•

make the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;

 

•

make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest on those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and to waivers or amendments; or

 

•

waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security. (Section 9.3)

Except for certain specified provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. (Section 9.2) The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of such series waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or any interest on any debt security of that series; provided, however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from the acceleration. (Section 6.13)

 

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Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances

Legal Defeasance. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (subject to certain exceptions). We will be so discharged upon the irrevocable deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. Dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money or U.S. government obligations in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities.

This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred. (Section 8.3)

Defeasance of Certain Covenants. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:

 

•

we may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading “Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets” and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement; and

 

•

any omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default with respect to the debt securities of that series (“covenant defeasance”).

 

•

The conditions include:

 

•

depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. Dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and

 

•

delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred. (Section 8.4)

No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees or Securityholders

None of our past, present or future directors, officers, employees or securityholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the debt securities or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a debt security, each holder waives and releases all such liability. This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue of the debt securities.

 

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However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities, including any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the indenture or the debt securities, will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

The indenture will provide that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to the indenture, the debt securities or the transactions contemplated thereby. The indenture will provide that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon the indenture or the transactions contemplated thereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York, and we, the trustee and the holder of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. The indenture will further provide that service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth in the indenture will be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The indenture will further provide that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the courts specified above and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum. (Section 10.10)

 

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of shares of our equity securities or of debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and the investors or a warrant agent. The following summary of material provisions of the warrants and warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.

The particular terms of any issue of warrants will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:

 

•

the number of shares of debt or equity securities purchasable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase such securities and the price at which such number of shares may be purchased upon such exercise;

 

•

the designation, stated value and terms (including, without limitation, liquidation, dividend, conversion and voting rights) of the series of preferred shares purchasable upon exercise of warrants to purchase preferred shares;

 

•

the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property;

 

•

the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related debt securities, preferred shares or equity securities will be separately transferable;

 

•

the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;

 

•

the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

 

•

U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the warrants; and

 

•

any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise and settlement of the warrants.

Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled:

 

•

to vote, consent or receive dividends;

 

•

receive notice as shareholders with respect to any meeting of shareholders for the election of our directors or any other matter; or

 

•

exercise any rights as shareholders of Connect.

Each warrant will entitle its holder to purchase the principal amount of debt securities or the number of shares of preferred shares or equity securities at the exercise price set forth in, or calculable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new warrant certificates of different denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the holder of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the debt securities that can be

 

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purchased upon exercise, including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or interest on the underlying debt securities or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture. Until any warrants to purchase equity securities or preferred shares are exercised, the holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying Ordinary Shares or preferred shares, including any rights to receive dividends or payments upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up on the Ordinary Shares or preferred shares, if any.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS

We may issue purchase contracts for the purchase or sale of debt or equity securities issued by us. Each purchase contract will entitle the holder thereof to purchase or sell, and obligate us to sell or purchase, on specified dates, such securities at a specified purchase price, which may be based on a formula, all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Any purchase contracts we issue will be physically settled by delivery of such securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will also specify the methods by which the holders may purchase or sell such securities and any acceleration, cancellation or termination provisions or other provisions relating to the settlement of a purchase contract.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units.

The following description, together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the general features of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of units being offered, as well as the complete unit agreements that contain the terms of the units. Specific unit agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each unit agreement relating to units offered under this prospectus.

If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:

 

•

the title of the series of units;

 

•

identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;

 

•

the price or prices at which the units will be issued;

 

•

the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;

 

•

a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and

 

•

any other terms of the units and their constituent securities.

 

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GLOBAL SECURITIES

Book-Entry, Delivery and Form

Unless we indicate differently in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, the securities initially will be issued in book-entry form and represented by one or more global notes or global securities, or, collectively, global securities. The global securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of DTC, as depositary, and registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. Unless and until it is exchanged for individual certificates evidencing securities under the limited circumstances described below, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to its nominee or by the nominee to the depositary, or by the depositary or its nominee to a successor depositary or to a nominee of the successor depositary.

DTC has advised us that it is:

 

•

a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;

 

•

a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law;

 

•

a member of the Federal Reserve System;

 

•

a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and

 

•

a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act.

DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among its participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. “Direct participants” in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, including underwriters, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, which we sometimes refer to as indirect participants, that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.

Purchases of securities under the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of the actual purchaser of a security, which we sometimes refer to as a beneficial owner, is in turn recorded on the direct and indirect participants’ records. Beneficial owners of securities will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases. However, beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of their transactions, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct or indirect participants through which they purchased securities. Transfers of ownership interests in global securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the global securities, except under the limited circumstances described below.

To facilitate subsequent transfers, all global securities deposited by direct participants with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other nominee will not change the beneficial ownership of the securities. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities. DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts the securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants are responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

So long as the securities are in book-entry form, you will receive payments and may transfer securities only through the facilities of the depositary and its direct and indirect participants. We will maintain an office or

 

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agency in the location specified in the prospectus supplement for the applicable securities, where notices and demands in respect of the securities and the indenture may be delivered to us and where certificated securities may be surrendered for payment, registration of transfer or exchange.

Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct participants to indirect participants and by direct participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any legal requirements in effect from time to time.

Redemption notices will be sent to DTC. If less than all of the securities of a particular series are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participant in the securities of such series to be redeemed.

Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (or such other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns the consenting or voting rights of Cede & Co. to those direct participants to whose accounts the securities of such series are credited on the record date, identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy.

So long as securities are in book-entry form, we will make payments on those securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the registered owner of such securities, by wire transfer of immediately available funds. If securities are issued in definitive certificated form under the limited circumstances described below and unless if otherwise provided in the description of the applicable securities herein or in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will have the option of making payments by check mailed to the addresses of the persons entitled to payment or by wire transfer to bank accounts in the United States designated in writing to the applicable trustee or other designated party at least 15 days before the applicable payment date by the persons entitled to payment, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the applicable trustee or other designated party.

Redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments on the securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit direct participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC records. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the account of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.” Those payments will be the responsibility of participants and not of DTC or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC, is our responsibility, disbursement of payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of payments to the beneficial owners is the responsibility of direct and indirect participants.

Except under the limited circumstances described below, purchasers of securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names and will not receive physical delivery of securities. Accordingly, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants to exercise any rights under the securities and the indenture.

The laws of some jurisdictions may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Those laws may impair the ability to transfer or pledge beneficial interests in securities.

DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depositary with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depositary is not obtained, securities certificates are required to be printed and delivered.

 

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As noted above, beneficial owners of a particular series of securities generally will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in those securities. However, if:

 

•

DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the global security or securities representing such series of securities or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when it is required to be registered and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days of the notification to us or of our becoming aware of DTC’s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be;

 

•

we determine, in our sole discretion, not to have such securities represented by one or more global securities; or

 

•

an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series of securities,

we will prepare and deliver certificates for such securities in exchange for beneficial interests in the global securities. Any beneficial interest in a global security that is exchangeable under the circumstances described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities in definitive certificated form registered in the names that the depositary directs. It is expected that these directions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities.

Euroclear and Clearstream

If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, you may hold interests in a global security through Clearstream Banking S.A., which we refer to as “Clearstream,” or Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System, which we refer to as “Euroclear,” either directly if you are a participant in Clearstream or Euroclear or indirectly through organizations which are participants in Clearstream or Euroclear. Clearstream and Euroclear will hold interests on behalf of their respective participants through customers’ securities accounts in the names of Clearstream and Euroclear, respectively, on the books of their respective U.S. depositaries, which in turn will hold such interests in customers’ securities accounts in such depositaries’ names on DTC’s books.

Clearstream and Euroclear are securities clearance systems in Europe. Clearstream and Euroclear hold securities for their respective participating organizations and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between those participants through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates.

Payments, deliveries, transfers, exchanges, notices and other matters relating to beneficial interests in global securities owned through Euroclear or Clearstream must comply with the rules and procedures of those systems. Transactions between participants in Euroclear or Clearstream, on one hand, and other participants in DTC, on the other hand, are also subject to DTC’s rules and procedures.

Investors will be able to make and receive through Euroclear and Clearstream payments, deliveries, transfers and other transactions involving any beneficial interests in global securities held through those systems only on days when those systems are open for business. Those systems may not be open for business on days when banks, brokers and other institutions are open for business in the United States.

Cross-market transfers between participants in DTC, on the one hand, and participants in Euroclear or Clearstream, on the other hand, will be effected through DTC in accordance with the DTC’s rules on behalf of Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by their respective U.S. depositaries; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by the counterparty in such system in accordance with the rules and procedures and within the established deadlines (European time) of such system. Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its U.S. depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving interests in the global securities through DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day fund settlement. Participants in Euroclear or Clearstream may not deliver instructions directly to their respective U.S. depositaries.

 

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Due to time zone differences, the securities accounts of a participant in Euroclear or Clearstream purchasing an interest in a global security from a direct participant in DTC will be credited, and any such crediting will be reported to the relevant participant in Euroclear or Clearstream, during the securities settlement processing day (which must be a business day for Euroclear or Clearstream) immediately following the settlement date of DTC. Cash received in Euroclear or Clearstream as a result of sales of interests in a global security by or through a participant in Euroclear or Clearstream to a direct participant in DTC will be received with value on the settlement date of DTC but will be available in the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream cash account only as of the business day for Euroclear or Clearstream following DTC’s settlement date.

Other

The information in this section of this prospectus concerning DTC, Clearstream, Euroclear and their respective book-entry systems has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we do not take responsibility for this information. This information has been provided solely as a matter of convenience. The rules and procedures of DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear are solely within the control of those organizations and could change at any time. Neither we nor the trustee nor any agent of ours or of the trustee has any control over those entities and none of us takes any responsibility for their activities. You are urged to contact DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear or their respective participants directly to discuss those matters. In addition, although we expect that DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear will perform the foregoing procedures, none of them is under any obligation to perform or continue to perform such procedures and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. Neither we nor any agent of ours will have any responsibility for the performance or nonperformance by DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear or their respective participants of these or any other rules or procedures governing their respective operations.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters or dealers, through agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:

 

•

at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

 

•

at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

 

•

at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

 

•

at negotiated prices.

Each time that we sell securities covered by this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms and conditions of the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us, if applicable.

Offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.

If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.

If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of sale and the name of any underwriter will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a commercially reasonable efforts basis and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal, and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.

Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse those persons for certain expenses.

Any Ordinary Shares will be listed on Nasdaq, but any other securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment

 

42

option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of our Ordinary Shares and certain other matters of Cayman Islands law will be passed upon for us by Appleby (Cayman) Ltd. Certain legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Jingtian & Gongcheng. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years then ended, which are incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of CBIZ CPAs P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS		1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		2
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY		3
THE OFFERING		12
RISK FACTORS		13
USE OF PROCEEDS		15
CAPITALIZATION		16
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL		17
MATERIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS		27
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		35
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES		37
LEGAL MATTERS		38
EXPERTS		38
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE		39

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed on Form F-3 with the SEC, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this prospectus, we may offer and sell up to $150,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares from time to time through Cantor acting as our agent at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the offering.

This prospectus relates to the offering of our Ordinary Shares. Before buying any of the Ordinary Shares that we are offering, we urge you to carefully read this prospectus, together with the information incorporated by reference as described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.” These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision.

This prospectus describes the specific details regarding this offering and also adds to and updates information contained in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

We have not, and Cantor has not, authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we, nor Cantor, take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are not, and Cantor is not, making an offer to sell or soliciting an offer to buy our securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making that offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, and in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, in their entirety before making an investment decision.

When we refer to “Connect,” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” we mean Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited, together with its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Connect Biopharma HongKong Limited, Connect Biopharm LLC, Connect Biopharma Australia PTY LTD, Suzhou Connect Biopharma Co., Ltd., Connect Biopharma (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Connect Biopharma (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Connect Biopharma (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

We use our trademarks in this prospectus as well as trademarks, tradenames and service marks that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus appear without the ^® and ^™ symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and tradenames.

 

1

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus , including any statements regarding our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, research and development, potential of, and expectations for, our pipeline and technology platforms, the timing, potential of and expectations for planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, the timing and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our product candidates, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, the potential benefits of collaborations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management, expected market size and growth for our potential products, the timing of availability of clinical data, program updates and data disclosures, and our plans for rademikibart, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “might,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “seek,” “would” or “continue,” or similar expressions and the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, including those described in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A of any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, in each case under the heading “Risk Factors”. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information about us, this offering and information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our Ordinary Shares. You should carefully read and consider this entire prospectus and the documents, including financial statements and related notes, and information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including the financial statements and “Risk Factors” starting on page 13 of this prospectus, before making an investment decision. If you invest in our securities, you are assuming a high degree of risk.

Overview

Connect Biopharma, headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing rademikibart, a potentially best-in-class next generation anti-interleukin-4-receptor alpha (“IL-4Ra”) antibody, to transform acute and chronic care in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”).

Corporate Information

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company incorporated with limited liability and were incorporated in November 2015. Our legal name is Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited and our commercial name is Connect Biopharma. Prior to this, our business was conducted by Suzhou Connect Biopharma Co., Ltd., or Connect SZ, which was incorporated in May 2012 in Suzhou in the PRC. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is at the offices of Appleby Global Services (Cayman) Limited at PO Box 500, 71 Fort Street, Grand Cayman, KY1-1106, Cayman Islands. Our principal executive offices and agent for service of process in the United States are located at 3580 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92130. Our PRC research, development and administration facility is located at Science and Technology Park, East R&D Building, 3rd Floor, 6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu, China 215400, and its telephone number is +86 512 5357 7866. Our website address is www.connectbiopharma.com. The information contained on, or accessible through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

Risk Factor Summary

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Below is a summary of certain factors that make an investment in our securities speculative or risky. Importantly, this summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized below, as well as other risks that we face, can be found under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Risks Related to Our Limited Operating History, Financial Position and Capital Requirements

 

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We have a limited operating history, have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future. We might never generate any additional revenue or become profitable or, if we achieve profitability, we might be unable to sustain it.

 

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We will require substantial additional capital to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain or access this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development programs, commercialization efforts or other operations. Our existing capital will not be sufficient for us to fund rademikibart (formerly CBP-201) or any other future product candidates (collectively, our “Product Candidates”) through regulatory approvals, and we will need additional capital to complete their development and commercialization.

 

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Raising additional capital may cause substantial dilution to our shareholders, including holders of our Ordinary Shares, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or Product Candidates.

Risks Related to the Discovery, Development and Regulatory Approval of Our Product Candidates

 

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Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process, with an uncertain outcome. We may incur unforeseen costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our Product Candidates.

 

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We depend on enrollment of patients in our clinical trials for our Product Candidates. If we experience delays or difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our research and development efforts and business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

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Our Product Candidates may be associated with serious adverse events or undesirable side effects or have other properties that could delay or halt their clinical development, delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit their commercial potential or result in significant negative consequences.

 

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We have conducted and may continue to conduct clinical trials for our Product Candidates in international sites, and the applicable regulatory authority may not accept data from trials conducted in foreign locations.

 

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Interim, “top-line” or preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

 

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We may attempt to secure approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”) or comparable foreign regulatory authorities through the use of accelerated approval pathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials beyond those that we contemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals. Even if we receive accelerated approval from the FDA, the NMPA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, if our confirmatory trials do not verify clinical benefit, or if we do not comply with rigorous post-marketing requirements, the FDA, the NMPA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may seek to withdraw accelerated approval.

 

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We have only one Product Candidate, rademikibart, currently in clinical development. If we are unable to successfully develop our Product Candidates or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

 

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Our approach to the discovery and development of Product Candidates based on potent T cell modulation activity is unproven, and we do not know whether we will be able to develop any products of commercial value, or if competing technological approaches will limit the commercial value of our Product Candidates or render our approach obsolete.

 

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We have never submitted a New Drug Application or Biologics License Application, and may be unable to do so for any of our Product Candidates.

 

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The regulatory approval processes of the FDA, the NMPA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming and unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our Product Candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.

 

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Disruptions at the FDA, the NMPA, comparable foreign regulatory authorities, and other government agencies caused by shifting governmental policies and priorities, reductions in the federal workforce, funding shortages or global health concerns could hinder their ability to hire, retain or deploy key leadership and other personnel, or otherwise prevent new or modified products from being developed, approved or commercialized in a timely manner or at all, which could negatively impact our business.

 

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Our Product Candidates for which we intend to seek approval as biologic products may face competition sooner than anticipated.

 

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The proposed revision of the EU legislation on pharmaceuticals could lead to uncertainties over the regulatory framework that will be applicable to medicinal products in the EU.

Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties

 

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We rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties, including independent clinical investigators and contract research organization (“CROs”), to conduct some aspects of our preclinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, comply with applicable regulatory requirements or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our Product Candidates and our business could be substantially harmed.

 

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We contract with third parties for the manufacture of our Product Candidates for preclinical studies and our ongoing clinical trials, and expect to continue to do so for additional clinical trials and ultimately, for commercialization. This reliance on third parties increases the risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of our Product Candidates or drugs or such quantities at an acceptable cost, which could delay, prevent or impair our development or commercialization efforts.

 

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Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor or other third party will discover them or that our trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed.

 

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We have entered into and expect to seek to enter into collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements and may not be successful in doing so, and we may not realize the benefits of such relationships.

 

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If the custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Product Candidates

 

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Even if our Product Candidates receive regulatory approval, they will be subject to ongoing regulatory review and significant post-marketing regulatory requirements and oversight.

 

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The FDA and other regulatory agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses. If we are found or alleged to have improperly promoted off-label uses, we may become subject to significant liability.

 

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The commercial success of our Product Candidates will depend upon the degree of market acceptance of such Product Candidates by physicians, patients, healthcare payors and others in the medical community.

 

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The successful commercialization of our Product Candidates, if approved, will depend in part on the extent to which governmental authorities and health insurers establish coverage, adequate reimbursement levels and favorable pricing policies. Failure to obtain or maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement for our products could limit our ability to market those products and decrease our ability to generate revenue.

 

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We face significant competition, and if our competitors develop technologies or Product Candidates more rapidly than we do or their technologies are more effective, our ability to develop and successfully commercialize products may be adversely affected.

 

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If the market opportunities for our products are smaller than we believe they are, our revenue may be adversely affected, and our business may suffer.

 

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We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience as a company in commercializing products, and we may have to invest significant resources to develop these capabilities. If we are unable to establish marketing and sales capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our products, we may not be able to generate product revenue.

 

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Our future growth may depend, in part, on our ability to operate in foreign markets, where we would be subject to additional regulatory burdens and other risks and uncertainties.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations and Industry

 

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Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide.

 

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We are dependent on the services of our management and other clinical and scientific personnel, and if we are not able to retain these individuals or recruit additional management or clinical and scientific personnel, our business will suffer.

 

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We may encounter difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our operations successfully.

 

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If we have multiple Product Candidates in our clinical pipeline and if we consider a variety of target indications, we may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular Product Candidate and fail to capitalize on Product Candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

 

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We have incurred and may continue to incur significant costs for our clinical trials for our Product Candidates.

 

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We may be exposed to liabilities under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws of the PRC and other countries in which we operate, as well as U.S. and foreign export controls, trade sanctions and import laws and regulations. Compliance with these legal requirements could limit our ability to compete in foreign markets and any determination that we have violated these laws could have a material adverse effect on our business or our reputation.

 

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We are subject to various foreign, federal, and state healthcare laws and regulations, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our results of operations and financial condition.

 

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Actual or perceived failures to comply with applicable data protection, privacy and security laws, regulations, standards and other requirements could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

 

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Recently enacted legislation, future legislation and healthcare reform measures may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval for and commercialize our Product Candidates and may affect the prices we may set.

 

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Some of our investments may be subject to review from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. which may delay or block a transaction from closing.

 

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If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products.

 

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Our IT Systems, or those of our CROs, manufacturers, other contractors, vendors, consultants or collaborators, may fail or suffer system failures, security breaches or deficiencies in cybersecurity, which could result in a material disruption of our product development programs, compromise sensitive information related to our business or trigger contractual and legal obligations.

 

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Our employees and independent contractors, including principal investigators, CROs, consultants and vendors, may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

 

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We may engage in strategic transactions that could impact our liquidity, increase our expenses and present significant distractions to our management.

 

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Significant changes or developments in U.S. laws or policies, including changes in U.S. trade policies and tariffs and the reaction of other countries thereto, may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

 

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Our success depends on our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies.

 

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If we fail to comply with our obligations under any license, collaboration or other agreements, or otherwise experience disruptions to our business relationships with our collaborators or future licensors, we may be required to pay damages and could lose intellectual property rights that are necessary for developing and protecting our current and future Product Candidates.

 

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If the scope of any patent protection we obtain is not sufficiently broad, or if we lose any of our patent protection, our ability to prevent our competitors and other third parties from commercializing Product Candidates similar or identical to ours would be adversely affected.

 

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The patent protection and patent prosecution for our current or any future Product Candidates may be dependent on third parties.

 

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If we are not successful in obtaining patent term extensions for our current and future Product Candidates, our business may be harmed, and the lack of effective enforcement of patent linkage and the absence of patent term extension and data and market exclusivity for Product Candidates approved by the NMPA could increase the risk of early generic competition with our products in the PRC.

 

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Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for noncompliance with these requirements.

 

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Third-party claims or litigation alleging infringement, misappropriation or other violation of, or seeking to invalidate, patents or other intellectual and proprietary rights, may delay or prevent the development and commercialization of any of our current or future Product Candidates.

 

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We may not identify relevant third-party patents or may incorrectly interpret the relevance, scope or expiration of a third-party patent, which might adversely affect our ability to develop and market our Product Candidates.

 

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We may need to acquire or license intellectual property from third parties, and such licenses may not be available or may not be available on commercially reasonable terms.

 

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We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.

 

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Derivation, interference or other proceedings may be necessary to determine priority of inventions relating to our current or future Product Candidates, and an unfavorable outcome may require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights from the prevailing party.

 

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Because of the expense and uncertainty of litigation, we may not be in a position to enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties.

 

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Patent reform legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our current and future patent applications or those of our future licensors and the enforcement or defense of our current and future issued patents or those of our future licensors.

 

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Changes in U.S. patent law, PRC patent law or patent laws in other countries could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our current and any future Product Candidates.

 

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We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world, including in the PRC.

 

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Compulsory standards for remuneration to creators or inventors of the patents they contribute to our business could be considerable.

 

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If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

 

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We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of their former employers or other third parties.

 

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If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our business may be adversely affected.

 

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Any collaboration arrangements that we have or may enter into in the future may not be successful, which could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our products.

 

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Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats.

Risks Related to Doing Business in the PRC

 

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Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.

 

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The PRC government may intervene in or influence our operations in accordance with laws and regulations, which could result in a material change in our operations and significantly and adversely impact the value of our Ordinary Shares.

 

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Compliance with the PRC’s Data Security Law, Cybersecurity Review Measures, Personal Information Protection Law, regulations and guidelines relating to the multi-level protection scheme and any other future laws and regulations may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.

 

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PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain, and therefore, these risks may result in a material negative change in our subsidiaries’ operations, significant depreciation of the value of our Ordinary Shares, or a hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors, which could cause the value of the securities of investors to decrease.

 

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The approval of and the filing with the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required under a PRC regulation in connection with any future offerings of our securities in the U.S. market.

 

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Certain PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions. Any failure by us to comply with PRC anti-monopoly laws and regulations may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation or claims against us and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to remit funds out of the PRC and utilize our capital or future revenues effectively and could affect the value of any investment in our Ordinary Shares.

 

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PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investments in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may restrict or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries.

 

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Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee share incentive plans may subject our equity incentive plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

 

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PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to change their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC laws.

 

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We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

 

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Dividends paid to our non-PRC investors (should we ever pay dividends) and gains on the sale of our Ordinary Shares by our non-PRC investors may become subject to PRC tax.

 

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We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a PRC establishment of a non-PRC company, or immovable properties located in the PRC owned by non-PRC companies.

 

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We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to reorganizations or restructurings that we may undertake.

 

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We could be adversely affected by rising political tensions and any potential conflicts between the U.S. and the PRC.

 

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Recent litigation, regulatory scrutiny and negative publicity surrounding PRC-based companies listed in the U.S. may result in increased regulatory scrutiny of us and negatively impact the trading price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

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The enforcement of the PRC Labor Law, Labor Contract Law, and other labor-related regulations in the PRC may increase our labor costs and limit our flexibility to use labor. If we fail to comply with PRC labor-related laws, we may be exposed to penalties.

 

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Our business benefits from tax benefits or financial incentives and discretionary policies granted by governmental authorities in the PRC. Expiration, elimination or reduction of these incentives or policies would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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The pharmaceutical industry in the PRC is highly regulated and such regulations are subject to change which may affect approval and commercialization of our drugs.

 

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We may be restricted by industry-specific laws and regulations from transferring our scientific data outside of the PRC.

 

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The ability of U.S. authorities to bring actions for violations of U.S. securities law and regulations against us, our directors, executive officers or the expert named in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 may be limited. Therefore, investors may not be afforded the same protection as provided to investors in U.S. domestic companies.

 

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Investors may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing non-PRC judgments or bringing original actions in the PRC, based on U.S. or other non-PRC laws, against us, our directors and executive officers named in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Therefore, investors may not be able to enjoy the protection of such laws in an effective manner.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares

 

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The trading price of our Ordinary Shares could be highly volatile, and purchasers of our Ordinary Shares could incur substantial losses.

 

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Unstable market and economic conditions may have serious adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

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If we fail to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, it could result in a delisting of our Ordinary Shares.

 

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An active, liquid trading market for our Ordinary Shares may not be maintained.

 

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Our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders, if they choose to act together, will have the ability to control or significantly influence all matters submitted to shareholders for approval. Furthermore, some of our current directors were appointed by our principal shareholders.

 

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We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our securities, and, consequently, the ability to achieve a return on investment in our Ordinary Shares will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

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Sales of a substantial number of our Ordinary Shares by our existing shareholders in the public market could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to fall.

 

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We are an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company, and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies may make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.

 

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As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to some U.S. securities law disclosure requirements that apply to a U.S. domestic issuer, which may limit the information publicly available to our shareholders.

 

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As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to adopt some home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with corporate governance listing standards.

 

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Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, investors do not have the same rights with respect to shareholder meetings and voting that shareholders of some U.S. corporations have.

 

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We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

 

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Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of any investment in our Ordinary Shares.

 

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Investors may not receive distributions on our Ordinary Shares or any value for them if such distribution is illegal or impractical or if any required government approval cannot be obtained in order to make such distribution available to any investor.

 

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Investors’ right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to holdings in our Ordinary Shares.

 

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Investors may face difficulties in protecting the interests of investors, and the ability to protect the rights of investors through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

 

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We may experience material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. If so, or if we otherwise fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial statements could be impaired, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the trading price of our Ordinary Shares may decline.

 

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Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit our shareholders’ opportunity to sell their shares, including Ordinary Shares at a premium.

 

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We could be subject to securities class action litigation.

 

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If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our Ordinary Shares and trading volume could decline.

 

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The increasing use of social media platforms presents new risks and challenges.

 

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THE OFFERING

 

Ordinary Shares offered by us in the offering

Ordinary Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to

$150,000,000.

 

Manner of Offering

“At the market” offering that may be made from time to time through our Sales Agent, Cantor. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Use of Proceeds

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, to fund our pipeline development, to maintain our working capital, and for general corporate purposes.

 

Listing

The Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CNTB”.

 

Risk Factors

Before deciding to invest in the Ordinary Shares, you should carefully consider the risks related to our business, the offering and our securities. See “Risk Factors” on page 13 of this prospectus and under similar headings in other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

 

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described below and under the section titled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K we file after the date of this prospectus, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, before acquiring any of such securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.

Risks Related to the Offering

We will have broad discretion in how to use the net proceeds of this offering, and we may not use these proceeds in a manner desired by our investors.

We will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. Our needs may change as the business and the industry that we address evolves. As a result, the proceeds to be received in this offering may be used in a manner significantly different from our current expectations. It is possible that the proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return. The failure of our management to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

It is not possible to predict the number of Ordinary Shares sold under the Sales Agreement.

Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the Sales Agent at any time throughout the term of the Sales Agreement. The number of Ordinary Shares that are sold through the Sales Agent after our delivery of a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of the Ordinary Shares during the sales period, any limits we may set with the Sales Agent in any applicable placement notice and the demand for the Ordinary Shares. If the market price of our Ordinary Shares during the sales period declines, we would be able to potentially sell a higher number of Ordinary Shares than the number based on the current market price of our Ordinary Shares and, in any event, we may choose to sell a lower number of Ordinary Shares than the $150,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares set forth on the cover of this prospectus.

The Ordinary Shares offered hereby will be sold in “at-the-market offerings” and investors who buy Ordinary Shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Investors who purchase Ordinary Shares in this offering at different times likely will pay different prices, and accordingly may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices and number of Ordinary Shares sold in this offering. In addition, subject to the final determination by our Board of Directors or any restrictions we may place in any applicable placement notice, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for Ordinary Shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the Ordinary Shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the book value per Ordinary Share you purchase.

The offering price per Ordinary Share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per Ordinary Share outstanding prior to this offering. If holders of outstanding options exercise those options at prices below

 

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the price you pay, you would experience further dilution. Because the sales of the Ordinary Shares offered hereby will be made directly into the market, the prices at which we sell these Ordinary Shares will vary and these variations may be significant. Purchasers of the Ordinary Shares we sell, as well as holders of our existing Ordinary Shares, will experience significant dilution if we sell Ordinary Shares at prices significantly below the price at which they invested.

Ordinary Shares representing a substantial percentage of our outstanding shares may be sold in this offering and such Ordinary Shares will be freely tradable, which could cause the price of the Ordinary Shares to decline.

A substantial number of the Ordinary Shares may be sold in the public market in this offering, and all of the Ordinary Shares sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. These sales, and any future sales of a substantial number of Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, may cause the market price of the Ordinary Shares to decline. This could make it more difficult for you to sell your Ordinary Shares at a time and price that you deem appropriate and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

To raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional Ordinary Shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Ordinary Shares at prices that may not be the same as the price per Ordinary Share in this offering. We may sell Ordinary Shares or other securities in any other offering at a price that is less than the price paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing Ordinary Shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to the rights of holders of Ordinary Shares. After this offering is completed, the base prospectus will remain available to cover the future public offering and sale of $150,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares and, if no Ordinary Shares are sold in this offering, the full $300,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus. The price at which we sell Ordinary Shares or securities convertible or exchangeable into Ordinary Shares, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per Ordinary Share paid by investors in this offering.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors in our Ordinary Shares.

We would be classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if, after the application of specific look-through rules, either: (i) 75% or more of our gross income for such year is “passive income” (as defined in the relevant provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) (the income test), or (ii) 50% or more of the value of our assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the asset test). Based on the value of our assets, including goodwill, and the composition of our income and assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2024. However, PFIC determinations are highly factual and must be made annually after the close of each taxable year, and the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects. Furthermore, our assessment of our PFIC status depends in large part on valuations of certain of our intangible assets performed by a third-party appraiser. Such valuations are based on various assumptions which may vary from actual future results. Moreover, the value of those intangible assets determined under such third-party valuations differ significantly from the value of such assets that may be implied by reference to the market price of our Ordinary Shares, and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service may disagree with our determination of the value of our assets. For the foregoing reasons, there can be no assurance that we were not a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2024 or that we will not be a PFIC our current taxable year or for any future taxable year. Adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Material Taxation Considerations —United States Federal Income Taxation Considerations”) if we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which such U.S. Holder holds our Ordinary Shares.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We may sell Ordinary Shares from time to time having gross aggregate sales proceeds of up to $150,000,000. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition of this offering, the actual total public offering amount, estimated commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any Ordinary Shares under or fully utilize the Sales Agreement with the Sales Agent as a source of financing.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, to fund our pipeline development, to maintain our working capital, and for general corporate purposes.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon numerous factors, including the progress of our development and commercialization efforts, the status of and results from our clinical, non-clinical or pre-clinical trials, whether or not we enter into strategic collaborations or partnerships, and our operating costs and expenditures. Accordingly, our management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering. In addition, while we have not entered into any outstanding binding agreements or commitments relating to any significant transaction as of the date of this prospectus, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to pursue acquisitions, joint ventures, and other strategic transactions.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The table below sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of June 30, 2025, the latest date for which we have unaudited interim financial statements and the information below available to us:

 

•

on an actual basis;

 

•

on a pro forma basis to reflect the issuance and sale of $150,000,000 of Ordinary Shares in this offering at an assumed offering price of $1.76 per Ordinary Share, the last reported sale price of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Global Market on September 9, 2025, after deducting the estimated commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The pro forma information below is illustrative only, and our capitalization following the completion of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual offering price, the actual number of Ordinary Shares offered by us and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and “Use of Proceeds,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025.

The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference in this prospectus. For more details on how you can obtain the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, see “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference”.

 

		As of June 30, 2025
		Actual				Pro Forma
		(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	40,632			$	185,882
Shareholders’ equity:
Ordinary shares		$	10			$	25
Additional paid-in capital			441,413				586,648
Treasury shares			(180	)			(180	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(1,375	)			(1,375	)
Accumulated deficit			(368,526	)			(368,526	)
Total shareholders’ equity		$	71,342			$	216,592
Total capitalization		$	71,342			$	216,592

The number of our Ordinary Shares to be outstanding after this offering is based on 55,579,556 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and excludes:

 

•

13,898,102 Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of share options outstanding as of June 30, 2025 at a weighted-average exercise price of $2.23 per Ordinary Share;

 

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8,381,522 Ordinary Shares reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Stock Incentive Plan;

 

•

816,403 Ordinary Shares reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Employee Share Purchase Plan; and

 

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68,777 Ordinary Shares reserved for future issuance under our 2024 Employment Inducement Incentive Award Plan.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our fifth amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended from time to time (our “Charter”), the Companies Act (as revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is $76,560, divided into 440,000,000 shares comprised of (i) 400,000,000 Ordinary Shares, par value $0.000174 per share, and (ii) 40,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.000174 per share, of such class or classes (however designated) as the Board of Directors may determine in accordance with our Charter. As of the date of this prospectus, 55,730,574 Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding. All of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable.

Our Charter

The following are summaries of certain material provisions of our Charter and the Companies Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares.

Objects of Our Company

Under our Charter, the objects of our company are unrestricted and we have the full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the law of the Cayman Islands.

Ordinary Shares

Our Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members (shareholders). We may not issue shares to bearer. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares. Each Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote on all matters subject to vote at our general meetings.

Dividends

The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors. In addition, our shareholders may declare dividends by ordinary resolution, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by our Board of Directors. Our Charter provides that our Board of Directors may, before recommending or declaring any dividend, set aside out of the funds legally available for distribution such sums as it determines proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, in the absolute discretion of the Board of Directors, be applicable for meeting contingencies or for equalizing dividends or for any other purpose to which those funds may be properly applied. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or our share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.

Voting Rights

Each Ordinary Share shall be entitled to one vote on all matters subject to a vote at general meetings of our company. Voting at any shareholders’ meeting is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands). A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or by any one or more shareholders who together hold not less than 10% of the votes attaching to the total number of Ordinary Shares which are present in person or by proxy at the meeting.

An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares which are cast at a meeting, while a special

 

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resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares which are cast at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our Charter. Our company may, among other things, divide or combine our Ordinary Shares, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.

General Meetings of Shareholders

As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our Charter provides that we may (but are not obliged to) in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our Board of Directors.

Shareholders’ general meetings may be convened by the chairman of our Board of Directors or by a majority of our directors (acting by a resolution of the Board of Directors). Advance notice of at least 10 calendar days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting (if any) and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for any general meeting of shareholders consists of one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy, holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to all of our shares in issue and entitled to vote at such general meeting.

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our Charter provides that upon the requisition of shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of the votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, our Board of Directors will convene an extraordinary general meeting and put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. However, our Charter does not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the restrictions set out below, any Company shareholder may transfer all or any of his or her Ordinary Shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form, in a form prescribed by Nasdaq or any other form approved by our Board of Directors.

Our Board of Directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our Board of Directors may also decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share unless:

 

•

the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the Ordinary Shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our Board of Directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;

 

•

the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of Ordinary Shares;

 

•

the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;

 

•

in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the Ordinary Share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and

 

•

a fee of such maximum sum as Nasdaq may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our Board of Directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.

If our Board of Directors refuses to register a transfer it shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

 

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The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required by Nasdaq, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our Board of Directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 calendar days in any calendar year.

Liquidation

On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders are more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay the whole of the share capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.

Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares

Our Board of Directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares

We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our Board of Directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares on such terms and in such manner as have been approved by our Board of Directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our profits or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding or (c) if our company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.

Variations of Rights of Shares

If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes or series of shares, the rights attached to any class or series of shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class or series), whether or not our company is being wound-up, may be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or series or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class or series. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation, allotment or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with or subsequent to such existing class of shares or the redemption or purchase of any shares of any class by our company. The rights of the holders of shares shall not be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation or issue of shares with preferred or other rights including, without limitation, the creation of shares with enhanced or weighted voting rights.

Issuance of Additional Shares

Our Charter authorizes our Board of Directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our Board of Directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.

 

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Our Charter also authorizes our Board of Directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:

 

•

the designation of the series;

 

•

the number of shares of the series;

 

•

the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and

 

•

the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.

Our Board of Directors may issue preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.

Inspection of Books and Records

Holders of our ordinary shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records (except for the Charter, special resolutions which have been passed by our shareholders, our register of mortgages and charges and a list of our current directors). However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited consolidated financial statements. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Some provisions of our Charter may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

 

•

authorize our Board of Directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and

 

•

limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.

However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Charter for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

Exempted Company

We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:

 

•

does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

 

•

is not required to open its register of members for inspection;

 

•

does not have to hold an annual general meeting;

 

•

may issue shares with no par value;

 

•

may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 30 years in the first instance);

 

•

may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;

 

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•

may register as a limited duration company; and

 

•

may register as a segregated portfolio company.

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).

Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of some significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies in the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.

The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.

Save in some limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provide the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.

 

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Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement between a company and its members (or any class of them), or between the company and its creditors (or any class of them), provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

 

•

the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

 

•

the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;

 

•

the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and

 

•

the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.

The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits

In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:

 

•

an act which is ultra vires or illegal and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders;

 

•

the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and

 

•

those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by

 

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the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Charter provides that we shall indemnify our officers and directors against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such directors or officer, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his or her duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.

In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and specific executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our Charter.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He or she must not use their corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he or she owes the following duties to the company—a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits them to do so), a duty not to put himself or herself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

Shareholder Action by Written Resolution

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our Charter provide

 

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that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

Shareholder Proposals

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our Charter allows our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our Charter does not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we may but are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.

Cumulative Voting

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our Charter does not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

Removal of Directors

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our Charter, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. In addition, a director’s office shall be vacated if the director (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind or dies; (iii) resigns his or her office by notice in writing to the Company; (iv) without special leave of absence from our Board of Directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the Board and the Board resolves that his or her office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provisions of our Charter.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in various business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or

 

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more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

Restructuring

A company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company:

(a) is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts; and

(b) intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring.

The Grand Court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer upon hearing of such petition, and any restructuring officer so appointed shall have such powers and carry out only such functions as the court may order. At any time (i) after the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer but before an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer has been made, and (ii) when an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer is made, until such order has been discharged, no suit, action or other proceedings (other than criminal proceedings) shall be proceeded with or commenced against the company, no resolution to wind up the company shall be passed, and no winding up petition may be presented against the company, except with the leave of the court and subject to such terms as the court may impose. However, notwithstanding the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer or the appointment of a restructuring officer, a creditor who has security over the whole or part of the assets of the company is entitled to enforce the security without the leave of the court and without reference to the restructuring officer appointed.

Dissolution; Winding up

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.

Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.

Variation of Rights of Shares

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides

 

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otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our Charter, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

Amendment of Governing Documents

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our Charter, our Charter may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.

Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders

There are no limitations imposed by our Charter on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Charter governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Ordinary Shares is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

Listing

Our Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CNTB.”

 

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MATERIAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following summary of Cayman Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the Ordinary Shares, such as the tax consequences under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, the PRC and the United States. You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation, as well as any tax consequences that may arise under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction.

Cayman Islands Taxation

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

People’s Republic of China Taxation

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside China with “de facto management body” within China is considered as a Tax Resident Enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. The implementation rules of the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” text should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in China; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel located in China; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in China; and (iv) at least 50% of board members with voting rights or senior executives habitually reside in China.

We believe that we should not be considered as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes as (i) we are incorporated outside of China and not controlled by a PRC enterprise or PRC enterprise group; and (ii) we do not meet all of the conditions above. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by

 

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the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” There can be no assurance that PRC tax authorities will ultimately not take a different view.

If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, our worldwide income could be subject to 25% enterprise income tax; and any dividends payable to non-resident enterprise holders of our Ordinary Shares or may be treated as income derived from sources within China and therefore, subject to a 10% withholding tax (or 20% in the case of non-resident individual holders) unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. In addition, capital gains realized by non-resident enterprise shareholders upon the disposition of our Ordinary Shares may be treated as income derived from sources within PRC and therefore, subject to 10% income tax (or 20% in the case of non-resident individual shareholders) unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in the PRC—We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.”

Provided that we are not deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our Ordinary Shares who are not PRC residents will not be subject to PRC income tax on dividends distributed by us or gains realized from the sale or other disposition of our Ordinary Shares. However, under the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises issued by the SAT on February 3, 2015, or Bulletin 7, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, or the transferee or the PRC entity which directly owned such taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. We and our non-PRC resident investors may be at the risk of being required to file a return and being taxed under Bulletin 7, and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7, or to establish that we should not be taxed under these regulations.

United States Federal Income Taxation Considerations

The following discussion describes certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (defined below) of an investment in the Ordinary Shares. This summary applies only to U.S. Holders that hold the Ordinary Shares as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This discussion is based on the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, in each case in effect as of the date of this prospectus. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change or differing interpretations, which could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and will not seek any rulings from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service regarding any of the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the U.S. Internal Revenue Service or a court will not take a contrary position regarding the tax consequences discussed below. The summary below does not discuss certain U.S. federal tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, such as consequences relating to the U.S. federal estate or gift tax, Medicare contribution tax on net investment income or any alternative minimum tax.

 

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The following discussion neither deals with the tax consequences to any particular investor nor describes all of the tax consequences applicable to persons in special tax situations, such as:

 

•

banks and other financial institutions

 

•

insurance companies;

 

•

regulated investment companies;

 

•

real estate investment trusts;

 

•

brokers, dealers or traders in securities;

 

•

United States expatriates, former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

 

•

traders that elect to use the mark-to-market method of tax accounting;

 

•

tax-exempt entities;

 

•

persons holding an Ordinary Share as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction;

 

•

persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our stock, by total combined voting power or by value;

 

•

persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to Ordinary Shares being taken into account in an “applicable financial statement” (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code);

 

•

persons who acquired Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; or

 

•

partnerships or other pass-through entities and persons holding Ordinary Shares through such entities.

THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX RULES TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AS WELL AS THE U.S. STATE AND LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES.

A “U.S. Holder,” for purposes of this discussion, means a beneficial owner of Ordinary Shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,

 

•

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

•

a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

•

an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

•

a trust (a) that is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more “United States persons” as described in Internal Revenue Code Section 7701(a)(30) for all substantial decisions, or (b) that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership, and certain determinations made at the partner level. A U.S. Holder that is a partner in a partnership holding Ordinary Shares is urged to consult its tax advisor.

 

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Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the Ordinary Shares

Subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules discussed below, the gross amount of any distributions you receive with respect to the Ordinary Shares (without reduction for any amounts withheld) generally will be includible in your gross income as foreign-source dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Any such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), such excess amount will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Ordinary Shares, and then, to the extent such excess amount exceeds your tax basis in your Ordinary Shares, as capital gain. However, we currently do not, and we do not intend to, calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that any distribution will generally be reported as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.

The amount of any distribution paid in foreign currency will be the U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt (or deemed receipt), regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If the distribution is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the distribution. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt.

With respect to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends may be taxed at the lower capital gains rates applicable to “qualified dividend income,” provided that (1) either the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of a qualifying income tax treaty with the United States, (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to the U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, (3) the Ordinary Shares are held by the U.S. Holder for a holding period of more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and (4) the U.S. Holder satisfies certain other requirements. Ordinary Shares will generally be considered for the purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on Nasdaq. If we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes (see “Material Tax Considerations—People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC (the “Treaty”). You should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower capital gains rates applicable to qualified dividend income for any dividends paid with respect to our Ordinary Shares.

If we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes, distributions you receive with respect to the Ordinary Shares may be subject to PRC withholding taxes (see “Material Tax Considerations—People’s Republic of China Taxation”). In that case, subject to certain conditions and limitations (including a minimum holding period requirement), PRC withholding taxes on dividends may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability. U.S. Treasury regulations may restrict the availability of any such foreign tax credit based on the nature of the tax imposed by the foreign jurisdiction, though recent notices from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service indicate that the U.S. Department of Treasury and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service are considering proposing amendments to such U.S. Treasury regulations and allow, subject to certain conditions, taxpayers to defer the application of many aspects of such U.S. Treasury regulations until further guidance is issued. Any dividends will constitute foreign-source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will in general be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income and divided by the highest tax rate normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, any dividends distributed by us with respect to Ordinary Shares will generally constitute “passive category income.” If you do

 

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not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld, you may instead claim a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the foreign tax withheld, but only for a year in which you elect to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. If a refund of the tax withheld is available under the laws of the jurisdiction imposing such withholding tax, then the amount of tax withheld that is refundable will not be eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (and will not be eligible for the deduction against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal taxable income).

The rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex, and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors to determine whether and to what extent a credit would be available in their particular circumstances, including the effects of any applicable income tax treaties.

Taxation of a Disposition of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize a capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized for such Ordinary Shares and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such Ordinary Shares. Any such gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period in the Ordinary Shares at the time of the disposition exceeds one year. Long-term capital gain of individual U.S. Holders generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Any such gain or loss that you recognize generally will be treated as United States source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Accordingly, in the event any foreign tax (including withholding tax) is imposed upon the sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder generally may not be able to utilize foreign tax credits unless such U.S. Holder has foreign source income or gain in the same category from other sources. However, if we are treated as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes (see “Material Tax Considerations—People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the Treaty. In such event, if PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of the Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may elect to treat the gain as PRC-source income for foreign tax credit purposes. If you are not eligible for the benefits of the Treaty or you fail to make the election to treat any gain as PRC- source, you may not be able to claim foreign tax credits arising from any PRC tax imposed on the disposition of the Ordinary Shares unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. federal income tax due on other income derived from foreign sources in the same income category (generally, the passive category). U.S. Treasury regulations may restrict the availability of any such foreign tax credit based on the nature of the tax imposed by the foreign jurisdiction, though recent notices from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service indicate that the U.S. Department of Treasury and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service are considering proposing amendments to such U.S. Treasury regulations and allow, subject to certain conditions, taxpayers to defer the application of many aspects of such U.S. Treasury regulations until further guidance is issued.

If the proceeds received (or deemed received) by a U.S. Holder upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares are not paid in U.S. dollars, the amount realized by the U.S. Holder generally will be the U.S. dollar value of the payment received determined by reference to the spot rate of exchange on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition. However, if the Ordinary Shares are traded on an established securities market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a cash basis U.S. Holder (and if it elects, an accrual method U.S. Holder) will determine the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized in a non-U.S. dollar currency with respect to the Ordinary Shares, as applicable, by translating the amount received (or deemed received) at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the sale or other taxable disposition. If an accrual method U.S. Holder makes the election described above, the election must be applied consistently from year to year and cannot be changed without the consent of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. An accrual method U.S. Holder that does not make the election will recognize foreign currency exchange gain or loss to the extent attributable to the difference between the exchange rates on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition and the settlement date.

 

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U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding how to account for any payments made in a foreign currency with respect to the sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares and the proper treatment of gain or loss in their particular circumstances, including the effects of any applicable income tax treaties.

Passive Foreign Investment Company

A non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if, after applying certain look-through rules, either:

 

•

at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income (the income test), or

 

•

at least 50% of the total value of its assets (generally based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets, including cash, that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the asset test).

For this purpose, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents, annuities, net gains from the sale or exchange of property producing such income and net foreign currency gains.

Based on the value of our assets, including goodwill, and the composition of our income and assets, we do not believe we were a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2024. However, PFIC determinations are highly factual and must be made annually after the close of each taxable year, and the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects. Furthermore, our assessment of our PFIC status depends in large part on valuations of certain of our intangible assets performed by a third-party appraiser. Such valuations are based on various assumptions which may vary from actual future results. Moreover, the value of those intangible assets determined under such third-party valuations differ significantly from the value of such assets that may be implied by reference to the market price of our Ordinary Shares, and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service may disagree with our determination of the value of our assets. For the foregoing reasons , there can be no assurance that we were not a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2024 or that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to you for all succeeding years during which you hold our Ordinary Shares, unless we cease to be a PFIC and you make a “deemed sale” election with respect to the Ordinary Shares. If such election is timely made, you will be deemed to have sold the Ordinary Shares you hold at their fair market value on the last day of the last taxable year in which we were as a PFIC, and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the consequences described in the following two paragraphs. In addition, a new holding period would be deemed to begin for the Ordinary Shares for purposes of the PFIC rules. After the deemed sale election, your Ordinary Shares with respect to which the deemed sale election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC unless we subsequently become a PFIC.

For each taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you recognize from a sale or other taxable disposition (including a deemed sale discussed in the preceding paragraph and a pledge) of the Ordinary Shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Ordinary Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:

 

•

the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Ordinary Shares;

 

•

the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year in your holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and

 

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•

the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, for each such year, and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.

In addition, non-corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends received from us (as described above under “—Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the Ordinary Shares”) if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year.

The tax liability for amounts allocated to taxable years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital gains, even if you hold the Ordinary Shares as capital assets.

If we are treated as a PFIC with respect to you for any taxable year, to the extent any of our subsidiaries are also PFICs or we make direct or indirect equity investments in other entities that are PFICs, you may be deemed to own shares in such lower-tier PFICs that are directly or indirectly owned by us in that proportion which the value of the Ordinary Shares you own bears to the value of all of the Ordinary Shares, and you may be subject to the adverse tax consequences described in the preceding paragraphs with respect to the shares of such lower-tier PFICs that you would be deemed to own. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the applicability of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.

A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains. If you make a valid mark-to-market election for the Ordinary Shares, you will include in income for each year that we are a PFIC an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such Ordinary Shares. You will be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions are allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Ordinary Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other taxable disposition of the Ordinary Shares will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment will also apply to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the Ordinary Shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or other taxable disposition of the Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Ordinary Shares. Your basis in the Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a mark-to-market election, any distributions that we make would generally be subject to the tax rules discussed above under “—Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the Ordinary Shares,” except that the lower rate applicable to qualified dividend income (discussed above) would not apply.

The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in the applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. Nasdaq is a qualified exchange. Our Ordinary Shares are currently listed on Nasdaq and, consequently, if you are a holder of Ordinary Shares and the Ordinary Shares are regularly traded, the mark-to-market election may be available to you if we become a PFIC. Because a mark-to-market election may not be made for equity interests in any lower-tier PFICs we own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to its indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisors as to the availability and desirability of a mark-to-market election, as well as the impact of such election on interests in any lower-tier PFICs.

Alternatively, if a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC, a holder of shares in that corporation may avoid taxation under the PFIC rules described above regarding excess distributions and recognized gains by making a “qualified electing fund” election (a “QEF Election”) to include in income its share of the corporation’s income on a current

 

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basis. However, you may make a QEF Election with respect to our Ordinary Shares only if we agree to furnish you annually with certain tax information. If we determine we are a PFIC for any taxable year, we intend to provide the information necessary for you to make a QEF Election with respect to us and intend to cause each lower-tier PFIC which we control to provide such information with respect to such lower-tier PFIC.

A U.S. Holder of a PFIC is generally required to file an annual report with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Failure to comply with such reporting requirements may result in significant penalties and may suspend the running of the statute of limitations. If we are or become a PFIC, you should consult your tax advisor regarding any reporting requirements that may apply to you.

You should consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in Ordinary Shares.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Any dividend payments with respect to Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption or other disposition of Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and possible United States backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or who otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the United States information reporting and backup withholding rules.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.

Additional Reporting Requirements

Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals (and certain entities) are required to report information relating to an interest in our Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of these rules on the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares, and the significant penalties for non-compliance.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We have entered into a Sales Agreement with the Sales Agent under which we may issue and sell up to $150,000,000 of the Ordinary Shares from time to time through Cantor as our Sales Agent. Sales of the Ordinary Shares, if any, will be made by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on or through Nasdaq, on or through any other existing trading market for the Ordinary Shares or to or through a market maker. As of September 10, 2025, we have not sold any Ordinary Shares under the Sales Agreement.

The Sales Agent will offer the Ordinary Shares subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement on a daily basis or as otherwise agreed upon by us and the Sales Agent. We will designate the maximum number or amount of Ordinary Shares to be sold through the Sales Agent on a daily basis or otherwise determine such maximum number or amount together with the Sales Agent. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell on our behalf all of the Ordinary Shares requested to be sold by us. We may instruct the Sales Agent not to sell Ordinary Shares if the sales cannot be effected at or above a minimum price designated by us in any such instruction. The Sales Agent or we may suspend the offering of the Ordinary Shares being made under the Sales Agreement upon proper notice to the other parties. The Sales Agent and we each have the right, by giving written notice as specified in the Sales Agreement, to terminate the Sales Agreement at each party’s sole discretion at any time. The offering of the Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will otherwise terminate upon the termination of the Sales Agreement as provided therein.

The compensation payable to the Sales Agent will be an amount of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any Ordinary Shares sold through it pursuant to the Sales Agreement and we will reimburse the Sales Agent for certain expenses, including fees and disbursements of legal counsel. In accordance with Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. Rule 5110, these reimbursed fees and expenses are deemed sales compensation to the Sales Agent in connection with this offering. We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding compensation payable to the Sales Agent under the Sales Agreement, will be approximately $250,000.

The remaining sales proceeds, after deducting any expenses payable by us and any transaction fees imposed by any governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory organization in connection with the sales of the Ordinary Shares, will equal our net proceeds for the sale of such Ordinary Shares.

The Sales Agent will provide written confirmation to us no later than the next succeeding trading day on Nasdaq after each such day on which Ordinary Shares are sold under the Sales Agreement. Each confirmation will include the amount or number of Ordinary Shares sold on that day, the volume-weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares sold, the percentage of the daily trading volume and the net proceeds to us from such sales.

Settlement for sales of Ordinary Shares will occur, unless the parties agree otherwise, on the first trading day following the date on which any sales were made in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement. We will report at least quarterly the number of Ordinary Shares sold through the Sales Agent under the Sales Agreement, the net proceeds to us and the compensation paid by us to the Sales Agent in connection with the sales of shares of Ordinary Shares during the relevant period.

In connection with the sale of the Ordinary Shares on our behalf pursuant to the Sales Agreement, the Sales Agent will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation paid to the Sales Agent will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed in the Sales Agreement to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agent with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. As a sales agent, the Sales Agent will not engage in any transactions that stabilize the Ordinary Shares.

 

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The Sales Agent and/or its affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services they have received, and may in the future receive, customary fees.

This prospectus and the accompanying base prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by us and the Sales Agent may distribute this prospectus and the accompanying base prospectus electronically.

The address of Cantor is 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY 10022.

 

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ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. All of our officers and a majority of our directors are U.S. residents, and our corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California. However, certain of our operations are conducted, and certain of our operational assets are located, in the PRC. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process upon us with respect to certain matters, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law and other applicable laws and regulations based either on treaties between the PRC and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. The PRC does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the U.S. or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the U.S. or in the Cayman Islands. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against a company in the PRC for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. It may be, however, difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and it may be difficult for U.S. shareholders, by virtue only of holding our Ordinary Shares, to establish sufficient connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.

We have appointed Connect Biopharm LLC, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the U.S.

There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would: (i) recognize or enforce against us or our directors or officers judgments of courts of the U.S. predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any State in the U.S.; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any State in the U.S., so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the U.S., the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce such judgment at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court, provided such judgment (a) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction; (b) imposes upon the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given; (c) is final; (d) is not in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty; (e) was not obtained in a manner, and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

Latham & Watkins LLP is representing us with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities and New York State law. The Sales Agent is being represented by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities and New York State law. The validity of our Ordinary Shares and certain other matters of Cayman Islands law will be passed upon for us by Appleby (Cayman) Ltd. Certain legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Jingtian & Gongcheng. Latham & Watkins LLP may rely upon Appleby (Cayman) Ltd. with respect to matters governed by Cayman Islands law and Jingtian  & Gongcheng with respect to matters governed by PRC law.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years then ended, which are incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of CBIZ CPAs P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is https://www.sec.gov.

Our web site address is https://www.connectbiopharma.com. The information on our web site, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Forms of the indenture and other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries only, and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC. We are not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof that are not deemed “filed” with the SEC, including any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.

 

•

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025;

 

•

Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025 and August 13, 2025, respectively;

 

•

Our Current Report on Form 6-K, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2025;

 

•

Our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2025, May  13, 2025, May  14, 2025, July  9, 2025, July 17, 2025, July 21, 2025 and July 22, 2025; and

 

•

The description of our securities contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021, and any amendment or report filed with the SEC for the purpose of updating such description.

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act” in this prospectus, prior to the termination of this offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

 

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You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

CONNECT BIOPHARMA

3580 CARMEL MOUNTAIN ROAD, SUITE 200

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92130

(877) 245-2787

Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

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Up to $150,000,000 of

Ordinary Shares

Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

Cantor

 

 

   , 2025

 

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 8. Indemnification of directors and officers

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.

Our amended and restated articles of association provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers (each an indemnified person) against all actions, costs, charges, expenses, losses, and damages incurred or sustained by such indemnified person, other than by reason of such person’s own dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions as a director or officer of our company, which is to include without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or damages incurred by such indemnified person in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.

Pursuant to the indemnification agreements, the form of which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended (File No. 333-253631), which was declared effective by the SEC on March 18, 2021, we agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director or officer.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Item 9. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the exhibit index at the end of this Registration Statement have been furnished together with this Registration Statement.

Item 10. Undertakings

(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(i) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

(1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or any decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

 

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(3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(i)(1), (a)(i)(2) and (a)(i)(3) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the Registration Statement.

(ii) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(iii) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(iv) To file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F or Item 8 of Form 10-K at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 need not be furnished, provided, that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 3-19 of Regulation S-X if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this Form F-3.

(v) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(1) each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the Registration Statement; and

(2) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(vi) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the undersigned registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities of the undersigned registrant, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of its securities pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless

 

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of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(2) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(3) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(4) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit Number		Description
1.1*		Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3.1		Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association of Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022) (File No. 001-40212).
4.1		Second Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2020, between Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited, its subsidiaries and certain of its shareholders (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form F-1, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021) (File No. 333-253631).
4.2		Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form F-1/A, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021) (File No. 333-253631).

 

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Exhibit Number		Description
4.3**		Form of Indenture.
4.4*		Form of Debt Security.
4.5*		Form of Warrant.
4.6*		Form of Warrant Agreement.
4.7*		Form of Purchase Contract Agreement.
4.8*		Form of Unit Agreement.
5.1		Opinion of Appleby (Cayman) Ltd.
10.1		Amended and Restated Sales Agreement, dated September 10, 2025, between Connect Biopharma Holdings Limited and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
23.1		Consent of Appleby (Cayman) Ltd. (included in Exhibit 5.1).
23.2		Consent of CBIZ CPAs P.C., independent registered public accounting firm.
24.1		Powers of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page hereto).
25.1*		Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
107.1**		Filing Fee Table.

 

*	To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of the securities.

**	Previously filed with the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-287918) filed with the SEC on June 10, 2025.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, California, on September 10, 2025.

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each of the undersigned officers and directors of the registrant hereby severally constitutes and appoints Barry D. Quart as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to file and sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to this registration statement on Form F-3, and all instruments necessary or advisable in connection therewith and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or its substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney has been signed in the respective capacities and on the respective dates indicated below.

 

SIGNATURE		TITLE		DATE
/s/ Barry D. Quart Barry D. Quart, Pharm.D.		Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)		September 10, 2025
/s/ Lisa Peraza Lisa Peraza, CPA		Senior Vice President, Finance (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)		September 10, 2025
* Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos, Ph.D.		Chairman of the Board of Directors		September 10, 2025
* Kan Chen, Ph.D.		Director		September 10, 2025
* James Z. Huang, MBA		Director		September 10, 2025
* Jean Liu, J.D.		Director		September 10, 2025
/s/ James A. Schoeneck James A. Schoeneck		Director		September 10, 2025
* Karen J. Wilson, CPA		Director		September 10, 2025

 

*By:		/s/ Barry D. Quart
		Barry D. Quart, Pharm.D.
		Attorney-in-fact