SEC Form PRE 14A filed by Palladyne AI Corp.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(a) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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Filed by a party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☒ Preliminary Proxy Statement

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☐ Definitive Proxy Statement

☐ Definitive Additional Materials

☐ Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a‑12

Palladyne AI Corp.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

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☐ Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

PALLADYNE AI CORP.

650 South 500 West, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel: 888-927-7296

[ ], 2025

Dear Fellow Stockholders:

We are pleased to invite you to attend the annual meeting of stockholders of Palladyne AI Corp., to be held on Wednesday, June 11, 2025 at 2:00 p.m., Mountain Time, at our offices located at 650 South 500 West, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

The attached formal meeting notice and proxy statement contain details of the business to be conducted at the annual meeting, as well as information about Palladyne AI Corp.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you attend the annual meeting, it is important that your shares be represented and voted at the annual meeting. Therefore, we urge you to vote and submit your proxy promptly via the Internet, telephone or mail.

On behalf of our Board of Directors, we would like to express our appreciation for your continued support of and interest in Palladyne AI Corp.

Sincerely,

Dennis Weibling

Chairman of the Board

Palladyne AI Corp.

650 South 500 West, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101

[ ], 2025

Notice of 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

Date and Time of Meeting

Place

The 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders will be held at our offices located at 650 South 500 West, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101.

Items of Business

Record Date

Only stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 15, 2025 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the annual meeting.

Availability of Proxy Materials

The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, containing instructions on how to access our proxy statement, notice of annual meeting, form of proxy and our annual report, is first being sent or given on or about [ ], 2025 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting.

The proxy materials and our annual report can be accessed on or about [ ], 2025 by visiting www.proxydocs.com/PDYN.

Voting

Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the annual meeting, we urge you to submit your proxy or voting instructions via the Internet, telephone or mail as soon as possible.

By order of the Board of Directors,

Stephen Sonne

Corporate Secretary

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Palladyne AI Corp.

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
To be held at 2:00 p.m., Mountain Time, on Wednesday, June 11, 2025

PROXY SUMMARY AND
COMPANY HIGHLIGHTS

About Palladyne AI Corp.

Our mission is to deliver artificial intelligence software products that enable robotic and unmanned platforms, or robotic systems, in the industrial and defense sectors to perform complex tasks in arbitrary (i.e., unstructured and dynamic) human environments. Our full-stack, closed-loop autonomy software ("AI/ML Foundational Technology") enhances the utility and functionality of third-party stationary and mobile robotic systems by allowing these systems to quickly observe, learn, reason and act in structured and unstructured environments. Our AI/ML Foundational Technology is designed with artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning, or ML, technologies to enable robotic systems to perceive their environment and quickly adapt to changing circumstances by generalizing (i.e., learning) from their past experience using dynamic real-time operations “on the edge” (i.e., on the robotic system and not in the cloud) without extensive programming, training or the latency associated with processing in the cloud. We believe this “human-like” ability to learn, reason and adapt will be a key differentiator in assisting our customers to enhance productivity in dynamic or unstructured environments, where human reasoning has traditionally been required to complete the task. We designed our AI/ML Foundational Technology to be hardware agnostic, meaning that our AI/ML software products are designed so that with a minimal integration effort they will be able to function on a wide variety of industrial robots, cobots, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) and other remotely operated vehicles (ROV).

Palladyne AI is the result of a decades-long effort in research and development of robotic systems and solutions. Our original predecessor was spun-out of the University of Utah in 1983. In 2007, our predecessor was acquired by Raytheon and was operated until 2014 as a division of Raytheon known as Raytheon Sarcos. During this period, Raytheon Sarcos was focused primarily on developing cutting-edge technologies for use by U.S. governmental agencies. In December 2014, the assets of Raytheon

Sarcos were acquired by a consortium led by the former Raytheon Sarcos President and our current Chief Innovation Officer, Dr. Fraser Smith, and technology and telecom entrepreneur Benjamin Wolff, our President, Chief Executive Officer and member of the Board of Directors. This acquisition was the basis for the establishment of Sarcos Corp., a Utah corporation ("Old Sarcos"), which was incorporated in Utah in February 2015. On September 24, 2021, Old Sarcos was acquired by Rotor Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and Rotor changed its name to Sarcos Technology and Robotics Corporation (the "Business Combination"). In April 2022, we acquired RE2, Inc., a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based robotics company. On November 14, 2023, we announced a pivot in business strategy to prioritize the development and commercialization of our AI/ML Foundational Technology and suspend further commercialization efforts on hardware products. As part of the business pivot and to reflect the new focus of the Company, on March 18, 2024, the Company changed its name to Palladyne AI Corp.

AI/ML Foundational Technology

We believe that our AI/ML Foundational Technology will enable autonomous functionality in challenging and arbitrary environments for industries that can benefit from a high degree of adaptability and efficiency, such as manufacturing and the defense sector. These industries typically encounter limitations on the tasks a robotic system can perform, while also engaging in lengthy and costly efforts to program, manage and modify such systems. Our AI/ML Foundational Technology is designed to enable robotic systems to function with human-like reasoning through flexible and adaptable learning capabilities such that a robotic system can perform a variety of tasks without the need for costly reprogramming efforts. We believe our AI/ML Foundational Technology will expedite robotic system training, expand task capabilities, enable collaboration among robotic systems and reduce human labor requirements all while significantly decreasing costly programming costs, leading to increased productivity and a higher return on investment for robotic system deployments across various use-cases.

Our AI/ML Foundational Technology is the foundational technology for our two software products. The first, Palladyne IQ, has been developed for use with industrial robots and cobots, and the second, Palladyne Pilot, has been developed for use with unmanned platforms with our current focus being Class 1 UAVs.

Looking Forward

Having successfully launched Palladyne IQ and Palladyne Pilot, we are now eager to demonstrate our products' capabilities to potential customers and showcase their value. Looking ahead to 2025, our focus will be on customer acquisition, working closely with early adopters and refining our products based on their feedback. We are enthusiastic about the future and remain confident in the value of our offerings and will continue to manage expenses prudently to maximize our runway, while strategically investing in marketing and sales to secure customers.

Our Board

= Member = Chair = Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Annual Meeting

All stockholders are cordially invited to attend the 2025 annual meeting of the stockholders of Palladyne AI Corp. (the "Annual Meeting") to be held on June 11, 2025. Whether or not you expect to attend the Annual Meeting, please complete, date, sign and return the enclosed proxy card (or vote by telephone or the Internet) as promptly as possible to ensure your shares are voted at the Annual Meeting. Please note that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the meeting, you must obtain from the record holder a proxy issued in your name. For more information about attending the Annual Meeting and voting procedures for you to vote your shares, please see "Questions and Answers about the Proxy Materials and Our Annual Meeting" beginning on page 68 of this proxy statement.

The following matters will be voted on at the Annual Meeting and are described in more detail in this proxy statement:

As of the date of this proxy statement, the Board of Directors knows of no other matters that will be brought before the Annual Meeting. However, if any other matters are properly brought before the Annual Meeting, the proxy holders will vote any shares for which they have been granted a proxy as they determine.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this proxy statement constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies, products and product features or expectations for our business. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements relating to:

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this proxy statement and our management's current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and, in any event, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include those factors described in Part I Item 1A Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. The Risk Factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025 are not guarantees that no such conditions exist as of the date of this proxy statement and should not be interpreted as an affirmative statement that such risks or conditions have not materialized, in whole or in part.

In addition, statements that "we believe" and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information in our possession as of the date of this proxy statement, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Composition of the Board

Our Board of Directors currently consists of six directors, five of whom are independent under the listing standards of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq. Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Thus, at each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the class whose term is then expiring.

The following table sets forth the names, ages as of March 31, 2025 and certain other information for each of our directors and director nominees:

Director Qualifications

We believe that our directors should possess high personal and professional ethics and integrity and be committed to representing the long-term interests of our stockholders. We endeavor to have a Board representing a range of experiences at policy-making levels in business and areas that are relevant to our business and long-term strategy. We believe that, in light of the current stage of our business, the following are key areas of experience, qualifications and skills that should be represented on the Board:

The following skills matrix sets forth the primary areas of experience, qualifications and skills that we have specifically identified as pertaining to each director, including our director nominees. This matrix should not be read as suggesting that directors not specifically identified with any particular area of experience, qualification or skill do not have experience, qualifications or skills in that area. Our

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee reviews at least annually the composition of the Board and considers whether additional or different skills are needed. We expect this process to continue as our business evolves and, as a result, our skills matrix may change over time.

We also believe that the significant stock ownership of (or of entities affiliated with) Mr. Wolff, Mr. Finn and Mr. Weibling provide a strong alignment of interests between the Board and our stockholders and help ensure that the Board is properly focused on the long-term interests of our stockholders.

Board Diversity

We believe that we and our Board benefit from diversity with respect to professional background, education, race, ethnicity, gender, age and geography as well as other individual qualities and attributes that contribute to the total mix of viewpoints and experience represented on our Board. Although our Board of Directors does not maintain a specific policy with respect to Board diversity, our Board of Directors believes that the Board should be a diverse body, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers a broad range of perspectives, backgrounds and experiences when considering whether to recommend the nomination of any particular director candidate.

Nominees for Director

Continuing Directors

Director Independence

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq. We are required under Nasdaq listing standards and our Corporate Governance Guidelines to maintain a Board comprised of a majority of independent directors. Under Nasdaq listing standards, a director will only qualify as an independent director if, in the opinion of that listed company's board of directors, the director does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In addition, Nasdaq listing standards require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of our Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees be independent.

Audit Committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and Nasdaq listing standards applicable to audit committee members. Compensation Committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act and Nasdaq listing standards applicable to compensation committee members.

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and our Board of Directors have undertaken a review of the independence of each of our directors. Based on information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and our Board of Directors have determined that each of Mr. Finn, Mr. Muta, Admiral Olson, Mr. Weibling and Mr. Young representing five of our six directors, is an "independent director" as defined under the listing standards of Nasdaq and the Exchange Act, as applicable to each director's committee membership. Mr. Wolff is not an independent director because of his position as our President and Chief Executive Officer.

In making these determinations, our Board of Directors considered the current and prior relationships that we have with each director and all other facts and circumstances that our Board of Directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director and the transactions involving them described in the section titled "Related Person Transactions."

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers, directors or persons nominated or chosen to be a director or officer.

Board Leadership Structure

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide our Board flexibility to determine the appropriate leadership structure for the Company, including whether the roles of chairperson and chief executive officer should be separated or combined. In making this determination, our Board considers many factors, including the needs of the business, our Board's assessment of its leadership needs from time to time and the best interests of our stockholders. If the role of chairperson is filled by a director who

does not qualify as an independent director, then our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that one of our independent directors will serve as our Lead Independent Director.

Currently, Mr. Wolff serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer and is not an independent director. Our Board believes that it is currently appropriate to separate the roles of chairperson and chief executive officer. As our current chairperson, Mr. Weibling, is an independent director, we do not currently have a separate Lead Independent Director. Our Chief Executive Officer is responsible for day-to-day leadership. Our Chairman ensures that our Board's time and attention is focused on providing independent oversight of management and matters critical to our Company.

The Chairman works with the CEO to set the agenda for Board meetings, serves as the Chairman of meetings of our Board and of executive sessions of our independent directors, confers separately with management from time to time and facilitates discussion among other board members as appropriate. The Board believes that Mr. Weibling's extensive experience serving on public company boards of directors makes him ideally suited to serve as Chairman of the Board.

Role of the Board in Risk Oversight Process

Risk is inherent with every business, and we face a number of risks, including strategic, financial, business and operational, legal and compliance, cybersecurity and reputational risks. We have designed and implemented processes to manage risk in our operations and continually look for opportunities to further embed risk management processes into our business and organization. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of the risks the Company faces, while our Board of Directors, as a whole and assisted by its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. Our Board reviews strategic and operational risk in the context of discussions, question and answer sessions and reports from the management team at each regular Board meeting, receives reports on all significant Board committee activities at each regular Board meeting and evaluates the risks inherent in significant transactions. In addition, management regularly reports to and receives input from the Board or individual members of the Board on business operations between formal Board meetings.

Further, our Board has tasked designated standing Board committees with oversight of certain categories of risk management. Our Audit Committee assists our Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to risk management in the areas of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, legal and regulatory compliance and related party transactions, cybersecurity and conflicts of interest. Our Compensation Committee assesses risks relating to our human capital management and our executive compensation plans and arrangements, including whether our compensation policies and programs have the potential to encourage excessive or inappropriate risk taking. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee assesses risks relating to our corporate governance practices and the independence of the Board.

Our Board of Directors believes its current leadership structure, as well as having fully independent Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees, supports the risk oversight function of the Board.

Board Committees

Our Board of Directors has established the following standing committees of the Board: Audit Committee; Compensation Committee; Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; and Strategic Transaction Committee. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees of our Board of Directors is as follows:

= Member = Chair

Audit Committee

The members of our Audit Committee are Brian D. Finn, Matthew Shigenobu Muta and Dennis Weibling, with Dennis Weibling serving as chairperson. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board of Directors have determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the requirements for independence and financial literacy under the rules and regulations of the SEC, and the listing standards of Nasdaq applicable to audit committee members. In addition, our Board of Directors has determined that Dennis Weibling is an "audit committee financial expert" within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. Our Audit Committee, among other things:

Our Audit Committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq. A copy of the Audit Committee's charter is available on our website at https://investor.palladyneai.com/governance/documents-charters. Under its charter, the Audit Committee may delegate its authority to subcommittees or the chairperson when it deems it appropriate and in our best interests and when such delegation would not violate applicable law, regulation or Nasdaq or SEC requirements.

Compensation Committee

The members of our Compensation Committee are Matthew Shigenobu Muta, Admiral Eric T. Olson (Ret.) and Michael T. Young, with Admiral Olson serving as chairperson. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board of Directors have determined that each member of the Compensation Committee meets the requirements for independence under the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of Nasdaq applicable to Compensation Committee members, and that each member of the Compensation Committee is also a non-employee director, as defined pursuant to Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Our Compensation Committee, among other things:

Our Compensation Committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq. A copy of the Compensation Committee's charter is available on our website at https://investor.palladyneai.com/governance/documents-charters. Under its charter, the Compensation Committee may delegate its authority when it deems it appropriate and in our best interests and when such delegation would not violate applicable law, regulation or Nasdaq or SEC requirements.

From time to time, we engage Mercer, a compensation consultant, to advise the Compensation Committee or provide market compensation data with respect to the compensation of our executive officers. Mercer is engaged on behalf of the Compensation Committee and works with management, as needed, in providing these services.

After reviewing information provided by Mercer regarding its independence and considering the independence factors prescribed by SEC and Nasdaq rules, the Compensation Committee determined that Mercer was independent and that there were no conflicts of interest arising from the services Mercer performed for us.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The members of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Brian D. Finn, Admiral Eric T. Olson (Ret.) and Dennis Weibling, with Brian D. Finn serving as chairperson. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Board of Directors has determined that each member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets the requirements for independence under the listing standards of Nasdaq. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things:

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable listing standards of Nasdaq. A copy of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee's charter is available on our website at https://investor.palladyneai.com/governance/documents-charters. Under its charter, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may delegate its authority to subcommittees or the chairperson when it deems it appropriate and in our best interests and when such delegation would not violate applicable law, regulation or Nasdaq or SEC requirements.

Strategic Transaction Committee

Our Board of Directors has created a Strategic Transaction Committee. The members of the Strategic Transaction Committee are Brian D. Finn, Dennis Weibling, Benjamin G. Wolff and Michael T. Young, with Benjamin G. Wolff serving as chairperson. The Strategic Transaction Committee assists in the assessment and, when appropriate, negotiation of strategic acquisition opportunities, potential capital market transactions and other strategic opportunities or potential transactions and reports to the Board of Directors.

Attendance at Board, Board Committee and Stockholder Meetings

During 2024, the Board held 7 meetings, the Audit Committee held 6 meetings, the Compensation Committee held 7 meetings, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held 2 meetings and the Strategic Transaction Committee held 2 meetings. Each current director attended at least 75% of the total number of meetings of the Board and committees on which such director served during the periods that such director served.

Although we do not have a formal policy requiring attendance by members of our Board of Directors at our annual meetings of stockholders, we strongly encourage directors to attend. Five of our then six directors attended the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

Executive Sessions of Non-Employee and Independent Directors

To encourage and enhance communication among non-employee directors, our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that the non-employee directors will meet in executive sessions without management directors or management present on a periodic basis, but no less than two times per year. In addition, if any of our non-employee directors are not independent directors, then our independent directors will also meet in executive session on a periodic basis, but no less than two times per year. These executive sessions are chaired by Dennis Weibling, our Chairman of the Board.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During 2024, Matthew Shigenobu Muta and Admiral Eric T. Olson (Ret.) were members of our Compensation Committee. In addition, Peter Klein served on the Compensation Committee until his retirement from our Board of Directors on January 19, 2024. None of the members of our Compensation Committee is or has been an officer or employee of our Company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past fiscal year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.

Considerations in Evaluating Director Nominees

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee uses a variety of methods for identifying and evaluating potential director nominees. In its evaluation of director candidates, including the current directors eligible for re-election, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider the current size and composition of our Board of Directors and the needs of our Board of Directors and the respective committees of our Board of Directors and other director qualifications. While our Board has not established minimum qualifications for Board members, some of the factors that our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers in assessing director nominee qualifications include issues of character, professional ethics and integrity, judgment, business acumen, proven achievement and competence in one's field, the ability to exercise sound business judgment, tenure on the Board and skills that are complementary to the Board, an understanding of our business, an understanding of the responsibilities that are required of a member of the Board, other time commitments, diversity with respect to professional background, education, race, ethnicity, gender, age and geography, as well as other individual qualities and attributes that contribute to the total mix of viewpoints and experience represented on our Board. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Board evaluate each director in the context of the membership of the Board as a group, with the objective of maintaining a Board that can best perpetuate the success of the business and represent stockholder interests through the exercise of sound judgment using its diversity of backgrounds and experience in various areas. Although our Board of Directors does not maintain a specific policy with respect to Board diversity, our Board of Directors believes that the Board should be a diverse body, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers a broad range of perspectives, backgrounds and experiences when considering whether to recommend the nomination of any particular director candidate.

If our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee determines that an additional or replacement director is required, then the committee may take such measures as it considers appropriate in connection with its evaluation of a director candidate, including candidate interviews, inquiry of the person or persons making the recommendation or nomination, engagement of an outside search firm to gather additional information or reliance on the knowledge of the members of the committee, the Board or management.

After completing its review and evaluation of director candidates, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee recommends to our full Board of Directors the director candidates for nomination. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has discretion to decide which individuals to recommend for nomination as directors and our Board of Directors has the final authority in determining the selection of director candidates for nomination to our Board.

Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations to our Board of Directors

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider recommendations and nominations for candidates to our Board of Directors from stockholders in the same manner as candidates recommended to the committee from other sources, so long as such recommendations

and nominations comply with our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation ("Charter"), Amended and Restated Bylaws ("Bylaws"), all applicable Company policies and all applicable laws, rules and regulations, including those promulgated by the SEC. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate such recommendations in accordance with its charter, our Bylaws and our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the director nominee criteria described above.

A stockholder that wants to recommend a candidate to our Board of Directors should direct the recommendation in writing by letter to our Corporate Secretary at Palladyne AI Corp., 650 South 500 West, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Such recommendation must include the candidate's name, home and business contact information, detailed biographical data, relevant qualifications, a signed letter from the candidate confirming willingness to serve, information regarding any relationships between the candidate and us and evidence of the recommending stockholder's ownership of our capital stock. Such recommendation must also include a statement from the recommending stockholder in support of the candidate. Stockholder recommendations must be received by December 31st of the year prior to the year in which the recommended candidate(s) will be considered for nomination. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has discretion to decide which individuals to recommend as nominees for election as directors, and our Board has discretion to decide which individuals to nominate for election as directors.

Under our Bylaws, stockholders may also directly nominate persons for election to our Board of Directors. Any nomination must comply with the requirements set forth in our Bylaws and the rules and regulations of the SEC and should be sent in writing to our Corporate Secretary at the address above. To be timely for our 2026 annual meeting of stockholders, nominations must be received by our Corporate Secretary observing the deadlines discussed below under "Other Matters—Stockholder Proposals or Director Nominations for 2026 Annual Meeting."

Communications with the Board of Directors

Stockholders and other interested parties wishing to communicate directly with our non-management directors, may do so by writing and sending the correspondence to our Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Legal Department by mail to our principal executive offices at Palladyne AI Corp., 650 South, 500 West, Suite 150, Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. Our Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Legal Department, in consultation with appropriate directors as necessary, will review all incoming communications and screen for communications that (1) are solicitations for products and services, (2) relate to matters of a personal nature not relevant for our stockholders to act on or for our Board to consider and (3) matters that are of a type that are improper or irrelevant to the functioning of our Board or our business, for example, mass mailings, job inquiries and business solicitations. If appropriate, our Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Legal Department will route such communications to the appropriate director(s) or, if none is specified, then to the chairperson of the Board or the lead independent director (if one is appointed) if the chairperson of the Board is not independent. These policies and procedures do not apply to communications to non-management directors from our officers or directors who are stockholders or stockholder proposals submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.

Insider Trading Policy and Policy Prohibiting Hedging or Pledging of Securities

We have established an insider trading policy governing the purchase, sale and disposition of our securities by our directors, officers and employees designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, as well as Nasdaq listing standards. Among other things, our insider trading policy prohibits insiders from trading while in possession of material non-public information and establishes policies and procedures related to trading restricted periods, trade pre-clearance by certain insiders and the use of Rule 10b5-1. A copy of our insider trading policy is attached as Exhibit 19 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Under our insider trading policy, our employees, including our executive officers, and members of our Board of Directors are generally prohibited from, directly or indirectly, (1) engaging in short sales, (2) trading in publicly-traded options, such as puts and calls, and other derivative securities with respect to our securities (other than stock options, restricted stock units and other compensatory awards issued to such individuals by us), (3) purchasing financial instruments (including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars and exchange funds), or otherwise engaging in transactions that hedge or offset, or are designed to hedge or offset, any decrease in the market value of equity securities granted to them by us as part of their compensation or held, directly or indirectly, by them, (4) pledging any of our securities as collateral for any loans or as part of any other pledging transaction and (5) holding our securities in a margin account. Our Board of Directors has granted a limited waiver to the policy’s general prohibition on pledging to Mr. Wolff, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, authorizing him to pledge a portion of shares issued pursuant to the Wolff RSA (if approved), as defined below, in an amount necessary to obtain funds to cover taxes associated with the issuance and/or vesting of the Wolff RSA.

Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Our Board of Directors has adopted our Corporate Governance Guidelines. These guidelines address, among other items, the qualifications and responsibilities of our directors and director candidates, the structure and composition of our Board of Directors and corporate governance policies and standards applicable to us in general. In addition, our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive and senior financial officers. The full text of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are available on our website at https://investor.palladyneai.com/governance/documents-charters. We will post any amendments to or waivers of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for directors and executive officers on the same website.

Other Corporate Governance Policies and Practices

Changes in Employment or Circumstances

Upon a change in employment with his or her principal employer, any non-employee director shall promptly inform our Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Legal Department or the Lead Independent Director (if one is appointed), who will discuss the issue with the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will assess the appropriateness of such director remaining on the Board and shall recommend to the Board whether to request that such director tender his or her resignation. Similarly, if a director becomes aware of circumstances that may adversely reflect upon the director, any other director or our company, the director should notify the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of such circumstances. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider the circumstances and may request the director to cease the related activity or, in more severe cases, request that the director submit his or her resignation.

Limitations on Other Board Service / Overboarding

Directors are expected to advise the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of any invitations to join the board of directors of any other public company or changes to their committee membership prior to joining such other board or committee assignment. No director should serve on more than four additional public company boards without the approval of our Board, and our Chief Executive Officer should not serve on more than two additional public company boards.

Director Orientation and Continuing Education

We are committed to ensuring that all directors receive orientation and continuing education as appropriate. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees director orientation and director continuing education.

Self-Evaluation

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees a periodic self-evaluation by the Board, each committee of the Board and each director.

Succession Planning

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee works with the Chief Executive Officer to plan for Chief Executive Officer succession, as well as to develop plans for interim succession in the event the need arises unexpectedly. Further, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee works with the Chief Executive Officer and appropriate members of management to plan for succession for each of the other senior executives. The Compensation Committee also periodically discusses succession plans with the Board or the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee with respect to executive officers and other key employees.

Access and Resources

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that our directors at all times shall have direct, independent and confidential access to our executive officers, management and personnel in order to fulfill their duties. The Board is expressly authorized to obtain, at the Company's expense, such data, advice, consultation and documentation as the Board deems appropriate and to retain consultants, independent counsel or other advisers to advise or assist the Board in the performance of any of its responsibilities or for any other matter related to the Board's purposes.

Human Resources

We strive to create an inclusive work environment for all of our employees, and we believe that diversity in thought, background, race and ethnicity, gender and gender identity, sexual orientation and other characteristics and creating an atmosphere where employees feel welcome and accepted is critical to our success.

We also strive to ensure that our employee benefits promote a diverse and inclusive work environment. For example, our employee benefits currently include:

As of March 31, 2025:

Director Compensation

Our outside director compensation policy is designed to attract, retain and reward non-employee directors. Our outside director compensation policy was amended in April 2025. Under the outside director compensation policy, each non-employee director will receive the cash and equity compensation for Board services described below. We also will reimburse our non-employee directors for reasonable, customary and documented travel expenses to meetings of our Board of Directors or its committees and other expenses.

Cash Compensation

Non-employee directors are entitled to receive the following annual cash fees for their service under the director compensation policy:

All cash payments to non-employee directors are paid quarterly in arrears on a pro-rated basis.

Equity Compensation

New Director Award

Each individual who becomes a non-employee director after April 2025 will automatically be granted on the date of the director's appointment an award of restricted stock units equal to $100,000 divided by the simple average of the closing prices per share of our common stock over the prior 60-trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the grant date, rounded to the nearest whole share (the "New Director Award"). Prior to the adoption of the amended outside director compensation policy in April 2025, the policy provided that new non-employee directors received 50,000 common stock options with a strike price equal to fair market value at the time of the grant, also prorated for any partial year of service. Each New Director Award will vest on the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the date the New Director Award is granted or (ii) the day of the annual meeting next following the date the New Director Award is granted, in each case, subject to the non-employee director continuing to be a service provider through the applicable vesting date.

Annual Award

Each non-employee director will automatically receive, on the date of each annual meeting of stockholders an award of restricted stock units equal to $100,000 divided by the simple average of the closing prices per share of our common stock over the prior 60-trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the grant date, rounded to the nearest whole share, rounded to the nearest whole

share (the "Annual Award"). Prior to the adoption of the amended outside director compensation policy in April 2025, the policy provided that each non-employee director automatically received, on the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, 50,000 common stock options with a strike price of fair market value at the time of the grant. Annual Awards vest on the earlier of (i) the one-year anniversary of the date the Annual Award is granted or (ii) the day prior to the date of the annual meeting next following the date the Annual Award is granted, in each case, subject to the non-employee director continuing to be a service provider through the applicable vesting date.

In the event of a "change in control" (as defined in our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan), each non-employee director's outstanding awards will become fully vested.

Director Compensation for 2024

The following table sets forth information regarding the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our non-employee directors for their service on our Board of Directors, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Directors who are also our employees receive no additional compensation for their service as directors during the time periods when they are also our employees. See “Executive Compensation” for information regarding compensation for Mr. Wolff and Ms. Peterson.

The following table lists all outstanding equity awards held by non-employee directors as of December 31, 2024:

PROPOSAL NO. 1

ELECTION OF CLASS I DIRECTORS

Our Board of Directors currently consists of six directors and is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. At the Annual Meeting, two current directors are up for election as Class I directors for a three-year term to succeed the same class whose term is then expiring. Each director's term continues until the expiration of the term for which such director was elected and until such director's successor is elected and qualified or until such director's earlier death, resignation or removal.

Nominees

Following the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, our Board of Directors has nominated Admiral Eric T. Olson (Ret.) and Benjamin G. Wolff for election as Class I directors at the Annual Meeting. Mr. Olson and Mr. Wolff are current Class I directors whose terms are expiring upon the Annual Meeting. If elected, each of the nominees will serve as a Class I director until the 2028 annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her respective successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. For more information concerning the nominees, please see the section titled "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance."

Each of the nominees has agreed to serve as a director if elected, and the Company has no reason to believe that they will be unavailable to serve. In the event a nominee is unable or declines to serve as a director at the time of the Annual Meeting, proxies will be voted for any nominee designated by the present Board of Directors to fill the vacancy.

Vote Required

Each director is elected by a plurality of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Because the outcome of this proposal will be determined by a plurality vote, any shares not voted FOR a particular nominee, whether as a result of choosing to WITHHOLD authority to vote or a broker non-vote, will have no effect on the outcome of the election.

Board Recommendation

PROPOSAL NO. 2

RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Our Audit Committee has appointed KPMG LLP ("KPMG") as our independent registered public accounting firm to audit our consolidated financial statements for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. KPMG has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since April 2024.

At the Annual Meeting, we are asking our stockholders to ratify the appointment of KPMG as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. Our Board of Directors is submitting the appointment of KPMG for stockholder ratification because we value our stockholders' views on our independent registered public accounting firm and as a matter of good corporate governance. Notwithstanding the appointment of KPMG, and even if our stockholders ratify the appointment, our Audit Committee, in its discretion, may appoint another independent registered public accounting firm at any time during our fiscal year. If our stockholders do not ratify the appointment of KPMG, our Audit Committee will reconsider the appointment and may decide either to continue with KPMG as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 or to appoint another independent registered public accounting firm. Representatives of KPMG are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, and they will have an opportunity to make a statement and are expected to be available to respond to appropriate questions from our stockholders.

Change of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

As disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 9, 2024 with the SEC, on April 3, 2024, our Audit Committee dismissed Ernst & Young LLP ("EY") as our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee oversaw a competitive process to determine the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the 2024 fiscal year. Several independent registered public accounting firms were invited to participate in the process. EY was invited to participate, but declined. EY served as our independent public accounting firm from September 2021 until April 1, 2024, including for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively, and served as Old Sarcos' independent registered public accounting firm since December 2020.

Information about Ernst & Young LLP

EY's reports on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the subsequent interim period through the date of the Audit Committee's action dismissing EY, there were no (a) "disagreements" (within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act and the related

instructions thereto) with EY on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to EY's satisfaction, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its reports on the Company's financial statements, or (b) "reportable events" requiring disclosure pursuant to Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions thereto.

We provided EY with a copy of our Current Report on Form 8-K (the "Form 8-K"), which was filed with the SEC on April 9, 2024, and requested EY furnish us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether EY agreed with the disclosures in the Form 8-K and, if not, stating the respects in which it did not agree. We received the requested letter from EY and a copy of the letter, dated April 9, 2024, was filed as Exhibit 16.1 of the Form 8-K and such letter is incorporated by reference herein.

Information about KPMG

In connection with the dismissal of EY and on the same date, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of KPMG as our new independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2024, effective April 3, 2024. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the subsequent interim period through the date of the Audit Committee's action engaging KPMG, neither we, nor anyone acting on our behalf, consulted with KPMG regarding any of the matters described in Items 304(a)(2)(i) and (ii) of Regulation S-K.

Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

As disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on April 9, 2024 with the SEC, on April 3, 2024, our Audit Committee dismissed Ernst & Young LLP ("EY") as our independent registered public accounting firm and appointed KPMG LLP ("KPMG") as our independent registered public accounting firm. The following table presents fees for professional audit services and other services rendered to us by KPMG, our current auditor.

In 2024, there were no other professional services provided by KPMG, other than those listed above, that would have required our Audit Committee to consider their compatibility with maintaining the independence of KPMG.

Audit Committee Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Our Audit Committee established a policy governing our use of the services of our independent registered public accounting firm. Under this policy, our Audit Committee is required to pre-approve all audits and audit fees, and pre-approve (or, where permitted under the rules and regulations of the SEC, subsequently approve) all non-audit and tax services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm. All services provided by KPMG for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 were pre-approved by our Audit Committee.

Vote Required

The ratification of the appointment of KPMG as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote AGAINST this proposal. As this proposal is considered a routine proposal, we do not expect any broker non-votes with respect to this proposal.

Board Recommendation

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

We, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Palladyne AI Corp. (the "Company"), have the responsibility to, among other things, oversee the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company's system of internal controls and the qualifications, independence, compensation and performance of the Company's independent registered public accounting firm (the "independent auditor"). We have the sole authority and responsibility to select, evaluate and, when appropriate, replace the Company's independent auditor. Our specific duties and responsibilities are described in our charter, which is available on the Company's website (www.palladyneai.com) under the tab "Investor – Investor Relations – Governance." We review the charter annually and work with the Board of Directors and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors to amend it as appropriate. The Board of Directors has determined that each of us is an independent director based on the Nasdaq Stock Market's listing standards and that each of us also satisfies the Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") additional independence requirements for members of Audit Committees. In addition, the Board of Directors has determined that Dennis Weibling is an "audit committee financial expert" as defined by SEC rules.

Management is responsible for the financial reporting process, including the Company's system of internal controls, and for the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Company's independent auditor, is responsible for performing an independent audit of the Company's consolidated financial statements in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and to issue reports thereon. Because the Company is an Emerging Growth Company as defined by SEC rules, the Company's independent auditor is not required to, nor has it been engaged to, perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to oversee these processes, and we rely on the expertise and knowledge of management and the independent auditor in carrying out that role. We are not professionally engaged in the practice of accounting or auditing and do not provide any expert or other special assurance or professional opinion as to the sufficiency of external audits, whether the Company's consolidated financial statements are complete and accurate and are in accordance with GAAP or on the effectiveness of the Company's system of internal control over financial reporting.

We reviewed and discussed with management and KPMG LLP ("KPMG"), the Company's independent auditor for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company's periodic reports for the year ended December 31, 2024, and discussed with Ernst & Young LLC ("EY"), the Company's independent auditor for the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company's 2023 audited consolidated financial statements and related annual report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC. In connection with such discussions, KPMG addressed the matters required to be discussed with us by applicable PCAOB standards and SEC rules and regulations. In addition, we discussed with KPMG the overall scope and plans for its audit. We met periodically with KPMG, as appropriate, to discuss its work and the results of its audit. Our meetings included, whenever we deemed appropriate, executive sessions with the Company's current independent auditor without the presence of management.

We have also received the written disclosures and the letter from KPMG required by PCAOB Rule 3526 ("Communication With Audit Committees Concerning Independence") and have discussed with KPMG its independence with respect to the Company.

Based on the review and discussions referred to above, we recommended to the Board of Directors that the Company's audited financial statements be included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Respectfully submitted by the members of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors:

Dennis Weibling, Chair

Brian D. Finn

Matthew Shigenobu Muta

This Audit Committee report shall not be deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A promulgated by the SEC or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any prior or subsequent filing by Palladyne AI Corp. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent Palladyne AI Corp. specifically requests that the information be treated as "soliciting material" or specifically incorporates it by reference.

PROPOSAL NO. 3

APPROVAL OF RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD(S) TO OUR PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

We are asking you to approve one or more restricted stock awards to our President and Chief Executive Officer, Benjamin G. Wolff, covering an aggregate of up to 1,500,000 shares of our common stock (the “Wolff RSA”), which would be made through one or more standalone grants outside of our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”).

As detailed further below, we believe that the Wolff RSA would allow us to conserve shares authorized for use under our 2021 Plan and cash, while providing compensation to Mr. Wolff that is consistent with our obligations under his employment agreement and which would reduce our cash compensation obligations to Mr. Wolff under his employment agreement.

Background

On November 14, 2023, we announced a pivot in business strategy to prioritize the development and commercialization of our AI/ML Foundational Technology and suspend further commercialization efforts on hardware products. Following such pivot, Mr. Wolff rejoined our executive team as President and Chief Executive Officer in February 2024 to lead our new business strategy. Our Board of Directors believes that securing Mr. Wolff's continued service to the Company is critical to our ability to commercialize our AI/ML Foundational Technology and successfully grow our business. For this reason, we believe securing the services of Mr. Wolff over the next phase of our business is in our best interest and on December 26, 2024, we entered into an amended and restated employment agreement (the “Wolff Agreement”) with Mr. Wolff that extended the term of his employment as our President and Chief Executive Officer through the end of 2027. Under the Wolff Agreement, Mr. Wolff is entitled, among other employment benefits, to a targeted net cash salary of $1.00 (after deductions for taxes and employee benefit contributions) for 2025 and a cash salary of $250,000 (prior to applicable withholding and deductions) per year for 2026 and 2027. The Wolff Agreement also provides that Mr. Wolff will not be entitled to participate in our bonus plan for 2025, though he will be eligible for discretionary bonuses as determined by our Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee, and that Mr. Wolff will be eligible to participate in our annual bonus plan for 2026 and 2027 with a target opportunity of 150% of his then annual base salary. We believe that this is significantly below the levels of cash compensation provided to CEOs of other similar public companies and of similar experience as Mr. Wolff. Mr. Wolff's willingness to receive lower levels of regular cash compensation as described above with respect to his salary and bonus was tied to receiving compensation based on our stock price, which we believe strongly aligns his interests with those of our stockholders.

In addition, pursuant to the Wolff Agreement, Mr. Wolff is entitled to a cash payment with respect to the value of 1,800,000 shares of our common stock (as proportionately adjusted for any stock splits, dividends, combinations and the like) based on the volume-weighted average closing price for our common stock for the 10 consecutive trading days ending on the trading day prior to the date of the event triggering payment (the “Wolff Cash Payment”). The Wolff Cash Payment is to be made upon Mr. Wolff’s continued service under the Wolff Agreement through the earlier of October 31, 2027 or a Change in Control, or upon an earlier qualifying termination of his employment (including a termination by us without Cause or by Mr. Wolff for Good Reason, each as defined in the Wolff Agreement). In the

event that Mr. Wolff’s employment is terminated before vesting due to his death or by us for Disability, as defined in the Wolff Agreement, the Wolff Cash Payment will be payable on a prorated basis based on the number of days of Mr. Wolff’s service during the period beginning on November 1, 2024 and ending on the date of his termination relative to 1,035 days.

Further, both our Board of Directors and Mr. Wolff felt it was important to maintain our available shares under the 2021 Plan to have sufficient shares to incentivize our employees through equity awards. As a result, we and Mr. Wolff agreed to the Wolff Cash Payment with the opportunity to replace it with the Wolff RSA, which will both eliminate the cash obligation of the Wolff Cash Payment if granted in full and preserve shares available under the 2021 Plan for other employees. In addition, both the Board of Directors and Mr. Wolff favor the Wolff RSA over the Wolff Cash Payment because the Wolff RSA (1) will not use the Company's limited cash resources, (2) better aligns Mr. Wolff's interests with those of our stockholders by providing a longer-term incentive opportunity beyond the date of the Wolff Cash Payment and (3) serves to better manage enterprise risk by reducing the risk that management decisions will be made to maximize the short-term Company stock price as we near the Wolff Cash Payment date rather than long-term stockholder value.

Depending on the value of our common stock at the time of payment, to the extent that the Wolff Cash Payment is paid, there could be a substantial impact on the Company’s cash position. For example, if the reference stock price is $10 per share, the Wolff Cash Payment would be $18 million. If we do not have sufficient cash to make the Wolff Cash Payment when it becomes due, or if we need to bolster our cash reserves and increase our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives following the Wolff Cash Payment, we may have to seek additional financing which could cause dilution to our existing stockholders or introduce covenants that may restrict our operations. Additional financing may not be available when needed or, if available, may not be available on terms favorable to us or our stockholders.

The Wolff Agreement goes on to provide that the amount of the Wolff Cash Payment will be reduced on a 1.2 to 1 basis by the amount of any restricted stock awards we grant to Mr. Wolff prior to the payment date of the Wolff Cash Payment, up to a total of 1,500,000 shares that are scheduled to vest on the earliest of the payment events for the Wolff Cash Payment set forth above and in the same relative amounts.

If the Wolf RSA is timely granted in full in satisfaction of these terms, our obligation to make the Wolff Cash Payment under the Wolff Agreement would be proportionately reduced or eliminated.

As of March 31, 2025, we have 1,866,113 shares available for issue of new equity awards under the 2021 Plan, which we anticipate will be enough to meet our expected needs (other than for the Wolff RSA) for the next three years. If we were to grant the Wolff RSA with respect to the full 1,500,000 shares under the 2021 Plan, we would be left with only 366,113 shares available for issue of new equity awards, which would not be enough to meet our expected needs for the next year. We currently estimate that we will grant equity awards covering approximately 550,000 shares per year under the 2021 Plan, subject to variables such as stock price, market compensation trends, the number and seniority of our employees and other factors.

Significant Historical Award Information

Common measures of a stock plan’s utilization include burn rate, dilution, and overhang (as defined below). The burn rate, or run rate, refers to how fast a company uses the supply of shares authorized for issuance under its stock plan. Over the last three years, we have maintained an average equity run

rate of only 10.1% of our weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding per year. Dilution measures the degree to which our stockholders’ ownership has been diluted by stock-based compensation awarded under our various equity plans and also includes shares that may be awarded under our various equity plans in the future (“Overhang”).

(1) Equity run rate is calculated by dividing the number of shares subject to equity awards granted during the fiscal year by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the fiscal year.

(2) Overhang is calculated by dividing (a) the sum of (x) the number of shares subject to equity awards outstanding at the end of the fiscal year and (y) the number of shares available for future grants at the end of the fiscal year, by (b) the number of shares outstanding at the end of the fiscal year.

(3) Dilution is calculated by dividing the number of shares subject to equity awards outstanding at the end of the fiscal year by the number of shares outstanding at the end of the fiscal year.

Number of Shares Requested

We considered several factors in determining to request stockholder approval of a maximum of 1,500,000 shares of our common stock for the Wolff RSA.

The 1,800,000 share size of the Wolff Cash Payment was the result of our negotiations with Mr. Wolff over extension of his employment agreement through December 31, 2027. Prior to this extension, Mr. Wolff’s employment agreement was set to expire on February 23, 2025, subject to a one year extension by the Company, and contemplated a restricted stock award with respect to 625,000 shares of our common stock that would be granted following renewal and vest in full on continued service for a one-year period in connection with a one-year extension of the agreement. The 1,800,000 share size of the Wolff Cash Payment takes into account the longer vesting period associated with that payment (three years instead of one year).

Considering that the Wolff Cash Payment has been awarded and the Wolff Agreement allows us to reduce the size of the Wolff Cash Payment on a 1.2 for 1 basis by grants of restricted stock awards of up to 1,500,000 shares of our common stock, we are seeking approval for grants of restricted stock to Mr. Wolff of up to that maximum amount. Three additional years of annual 625,000 one-year awards would be 1,875,000 shares, which is more than both the reference share number for the Wolff Cash Payment and the maximum shares to be granted pursuant to the Wolff RSA.

Effect of Approval of Restricted Stock Award(s)

If stockholders approve the restricted stock award(s) to Mr. Wolff, we will issue one or more restricted stock awards to Mr. Wolff covering an aggregate of up to 1,500,000 shares of our common stock, in order to proportionately reduce the size of the Wolff Cash Payment. If approved, we intend to issue a single restricted stock award for the full amount of 1,500,000 shortly after approval is obtained.

If stockholders do not approve the restricted stock award(s) to Mr. Wolff, we may determine to award a number of restricted stock awards to Mr. Wolff under our 2021 Plan, up to the full 1,500,000 shares if

available from time to time prior to making the Wolff Cash Payment. However, we may not have sufficient shares to do so and provide equity incentives to other employees and therefore may determine not to make any award of the Wolff RSA from the 2021 Plan or may only make award(s) of a portion of the Wolff RSA under the 2021 Plan.

To the extent that we do not timely grant any or a portion of the Wolff RSA(s) to Mr. Wolff, we will make the Wolff Cash Payment.

Limitations on Individual Award(s)

The maximum aggregate number of shares of our common stock subject to restricted stock awards that may be granted to Mr. Wolff under the authorization sought here is 1,500,000. No awards will be granted pursuant to this authorization to any other individual. This limit is subject to proportionate adjustment for any stock splits, dividends, combinations and the like, under the terms of the restricted stock award agreements.

Terms and Conditions of the Restricted Stock Award(s)

Although any restricted stock awards granted to Mr. Wolff pursuant to the approval requested here would be made by standalone grants outside the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, the awards will be made pursuant to an award agreement that adopts the terms and conditions of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan applicable to restricted stock awards. The form of restricted stock award agreement is provided with this proxy statement as Appendix A.

The only awards available for grant pursuant to the approval requested here would be awards of restricted stock, which are shares of our common stock granted subject to restrictions on transferability and subject to forfeiture on terms set forth in the agreement, including the vesting terms described above.

Only Mr. Wolff will be eligible to receive awards pursuant to the requested approval, so the total number of employees eligible to participate is 1, and no non-employee directors, consultants or others will be eligible to receive awards under the requested approval.

Any shares subject to awards of restricted stock pursuant to the approval requested here would be used only for the awards approved here, and would not become available for future awards if the original award is forfeited.

The form of restricted stock award agreement provides that each award will be administered by our Board of Directors or its designated committee (the “Committee”). As the administrator of the restricted stock awards, the Committee will have the authority to grant the awards; determine the number of shares of common stock covered by each award; approve and amend award certificates (subject to the limitations under the award agreements); adopt, revise or rescind any rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or advisable to administer the restricted stock awards; and make all other decisions and determinations that may be required under the restricted stock awards or that the Committee deems necessary or advisable for administration of the restricted stock awards to the same extent as it has with regards to awards under the 2021 Plan. The Committee may permit Mr. Wolff to satisfy tax withholdings relating to awards granted under the restricted stock awards pursuant to procedures that it determines, as permitted by applicable laws, including (without limitation) allowing Mr. Wolff to have us withhold otherwise deliverable shares under an award or to deliver to us already

owned shares of common stock at the minimum statutory amount or such greater amount as the Committee permits if such amount would not have adverse accounting consequences, as determined by the Committee. The Committee may amend or terminate outstanding restricted stock awards granted pursuant to the approval sought here to the same extent as it can under the 2021 Plan. However, amendment or termination will require Mr. Wolff’s consent in certain circumstances if it would materially adversely affect his interests under the restricted stock awards.

Unless the Committee determines otherwise, no award will be assignable or transferable by Mr. Wolff other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution (which includes by beneficiary designation if available) until they have vested and any other applicable transfer restrictions, if any, are removed. The Committee, in its discretion, may permit awards to be transferred, subject to such terms and conditions as the Committee determines to be appropriate. Mr. Wolff may, in the manner determined by the Committee and to the extent the Committee has permitted the participant to designate a beneficiary to exercise the rights of the participant and to receive any distribution with respect to such award upon the participant’s death.

Each restricted stock award granted to Mr. Wolff pursuant to the approval sought here will vest on his continued service through the earlier of October 31, 2027 or a Change in Control, or upon an earlier qualifying termination of his employment (including a termination by us without Cause or by Mr. Wolff for Good Reason). In the event that Mr. Wolff’s employment is terminated before vesting due to his death or by us for Disability, each such outstanding restricted stock award will vest as to a prorated portion of the award based on the number of days of Mr. Wolff’s service during the period beginning on November 1, 2024 and ending on the date of his termination relative to 1,035 days. Each capitalized but undefined term in this paragraph is as defined in the Wolff Agreement.

Under the Wolff Agreement, a Change in Control generally means the occurrence of any of the following events, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Wolff Agreement:

In the event of a dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, our securities, or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, reclassification, repurchase, or exchange of our common stock or our other securities, or other change in our corporate structure affecting our common stock (other than ordinary dividends or other ordinary distributions), the number and class of shares issuable under the approval sought here and/or the number and class (as applicable) of shares covered by each outstanding restricted stock award will be adjusted proportionately in order to prevent the diminution or enlargement of benefits or potential benefits intended under the restricted stock awards and the authorization sought here.

Assuming that it is approved by our stockholders, the authorization to grant restricted stock awards to Mr. Wolff pursuant to the approval sought here will continue until November 4, 2027.

Restricted stock awards granted pursuant to the approval sought here will be subject to any applicable compensation recoupment or clawback policy that we adopt from time to time.

Our Board of Directors has, after deliberation, granted a limited waiver to our insider trading policy’s general prohibition on pledging to Mr. Wolff, authorizing him to pledge a portion of the shares issued pursuant to the Wolff RSA (if approved) in an amount necessary to obtain funds to cover taxes associated with the issuance and/or vesting of the Wolff RSA. This waiver was granted to avoid the need for Mr. Wolff to sell shares, which could be a sizable number of shares, to cover those taxes. We believe this aligns Mr. Wolff's long-term interests with those of our other stockholders by increasing shares held by him and not artificially pressuring the stock price through a potentially large sale of shares just to cover taxes.

Certain Federal Tax Effects

The following discussion is limited to a summary of the U.S. federal income tax provisions relating to the grant and vesting of restricted stock awards under the approval sought here and the subsequent sale of common stock acquired thereunder. The tax consequences of awards may vary according to the country of participation. Also, the tax consequences of the grant or vesting of awards vary depending upon the particular circumstances, and it should be noted that income tax laws and regulations and interpretations thereof, change frequently.

Unless Mr. Wolff makes an election to accelerate recognition of income to the date of grant as described below, Mr. Wolff generally will not recognize income at the time a restricted stock award is granted, provided that the award is subject to restrictions on transfer and is subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. When the restrictions lapse, Mr. Wolff generally will recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock as of that date, less any amount he paid for the stock. If Mr. Wolff files an election under Code Section 83(b) within 30 days after the date of grant of the restricted stock, he will recognize ordinary income as of the date of grant equal to the fair market value of the stock as of that date, less any amount paid for the stock. Any future appreciation in the stock will be taxable to the participant at capital gains rates. However, if the stock is later forfeited, Mr. Wolff will not be able to recover the tax previously paid pursuant to the Code Section 83(b) election.

The Company generally will be entitled to a tax deduction in connection with a restricted stock award in an amount equal to the ordinary income recognized by Mr. Wolff and at the time that Mr. Wolff recognizes such income, except as follows. Under Section 162(m) of the Code, the deductibility of compensation paid to certain individuals including our President and Chief Executive Officer is limited to $1,000,000 per person per year.

Restricted Stock Award(s) Benefits

As described above, the approval sought here would allow for grants of restricted stock awards with respect to up to 1,500,000 shares to Mr. Wolff only. The following table sets forth information on the restricted stock award(s) for which approval is being sought, taking into account the closing price for our common stock on March 31, 2025 which was $5.88.

Vote Required

The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter is required for the approval of the Restricted Stock Award(s) to Our President and Chief Executive Officer Proposal. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote AGAINST the proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the proposal.

Board Recommendation

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth certain information about our executive officers as of March 31, 2025.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

We have designed our compensation and benefits programs to attract, retain, incentivize and reward talented and qualified executives. We believe our compensation program should promote our success and align executive incentives with the long-term interests of our stockholders. Our current compensation programs primarily consist of salary, bonuses and equity compensation awards. We believe that our use of equity compensation awards strongly aligns the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders by providing meaningful compensation opportunities through the use of long-term equity incentives. Further, we believe that the vesting schedules associated with our equity compensation awards promote our accomplishment of key objectives and our long-term success. As a result, we do not believe that our compensation programs promote excessive or inappropriate risk-taking. As our needs evolve, we intend to continue to evaluate our philosophy and compensation programs as circumstances require.

Our named executive officers, consisting of each individual serving in the role of principal executive officer in 2024, the next two most highly compensated executive officers (other than our principal executive officers during 2024) as of December 31, 2024, and up to two additional individuals who were executive officers in 2024 but were not serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2024, were:

Summary Compensation Table

The following table presents information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers for services rendered during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 if they were an executive officer during those years:

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2024 Year-End

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2024.