SEC Form PRE 14A filed by Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

N/A

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):

☒ No fee required

☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials

☐ Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11

REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
10080 N WOLFE RD., SUITE SW3-200

CUPERTINO, CA 95014 

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To be held on December 10, 2024

To the Stockholders of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.

You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) to be held on Tuesday, December 10, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be held virtually via the Internet at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RVPH2024. You will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting at a physical location. At the Annual Meeting, stockholders will act on the following matters:

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on October 14, 2024 are entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, please vote electronically via the Internet or by telephone, or, please complete, sign, date and return the accompanying proxy card or voting instruction card in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. If you attend the Annual Meeting and prefer to vote during the Annual Meeting, you may do so even if you have already voted your shares. You may revoke your proxy in the manner described in the proxy statement at any time before it has been voted at the Annual Meeting.

October      , 2024

Cupertino, California

PROXY STATEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.
10080 N WOLFE RD., SUITE SW3-200

CUPERTINO, CA 95014 

PROXY STATEMENT

This proxy statement contains information related to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held on Tuesday, December 10, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. Pacific Time. We are planning to hold the Annual Meeting virtually via the Internet, or at such other time and place to which the Annual Meeting may be adjourned or postponed. In order to attend our Annual Meeting, you must log in to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RVPH2024 using the 16-digit control number on the proxy card that accompanied the proxy materials.

Proxies for the Annual Meeting are being solicited by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”). This proxy statement is first being made available to stockholders on or about October , 2024. A list of record holders of the Company’s common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for examination by any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the Annual Meeting, at our principal offices at 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, CA 95014, during normal business hours for ten days prior to the Annual Meeting and available during the Annual Meeting.

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON DECEMBER 10, 2024:

Our proxy materials including this proxy statement for the Annual Meeting, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and the proxy card or voting instruction form are available on the Internet at www.proxyvote.com. Under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules, we are providing access to our proxy materials both by sending you this full set of proxy materials and by notifying you of the availability of our proxy materials on the Internet.

ABOUT THE MEETING

Why are we calling this Annual Meeting?

We are calling the Annual Meeting to seek the approval of our stockholders:

What are the Board’s recommendations?

Our Board believes that: (i) the election of the director nominees identified herein; (ii) the appointment of Moss Adams as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2024; (iii) the compensation of our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2023, as described in this proxy statement, was appropriate; (iv) an annual vote, on an advisory basis, on conducting an advisory vote on executive compensation; (v) the approval of the amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase our authorized shares; and (vi) the adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, in the event the number of shares of common stock present or represent by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting “FOR” the adoption of Proposal 5 are insufficient to approve Proposal 5, are each advisable and in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders and recommends that you vote as follows:

Whether you plan to attend the Annual Meeting or not, we urge you to vote by proxy, as further described below. All shares represented by valid proxies that we receive through this solicitation, and that are not revoked, will be voted in accordance with your instructions on the proxy card or as instructed via the Internet. You may specify whether your shares should be voted for or withheld for each nominee for director and whether your shares should be voted for, against or abstain with respect to Proposals 2, 3, 5 and 6. With respect to the proposal to vote on an advisory basis on how often the Company will conduct an advisory vote on executive compensation (Proposal 4), you may specify whether your shares should be voted for the “1 Year”, “2 Years”, “3 Years” options, or to abstain with respect to such proposal. If you properly submit a proxy without giving specific voting instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of the Board, as set forth above. Voting by proxy will not affect your right to attend the Annual Meeting. With respect to any other matter that properly comes before our Annual Meeting, the proxy holders will vote as recommended by the Board or, if no recommendation is given, at their own discretion.

Who is entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting?

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on the record date, October 14, 2024 (the “Record Date”), are entitled to receive notice of the Annual Meeting and to vote the shares of common stock that they held on that date at the Annual Meeting, or any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on each matter to be voted upon.

As of the Record Date, we had 33,441,199 outstanding shares of common stock.

Who can attend the Annual Meeting?

All stockholders as of the Record Date, or their duly appointed proxies, may attend the Annual Meeting. Attendance at the Annual Meeting shall solely be via the Internet at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RVPH2024 using the 16-digit control number on the proxy card that accompanied the proxy materials. Stockholders will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting at a physical location.

The live webcast of the Annual Meeting will begin promptly at 11:00 a.m. Pacific Time. Online access to the webcast will open approximately 15 minutes prior to the start of the Annual Meeting to allow time for our stockholders to log in and test their devices’ audio system. We encourage our stockholders to access the Annual Meeting in advance of the designated start time.

An online portal will be available to our stockholders at www.proxyvote.com commencing approximately on or about October , 2024. By accessing this portal, stockholders will be able to vote in advance of the Annual Meeting. Stockholders may also vote, and submit questions, during the Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RVPH2024. To demonstrate proof of stock ownership, you will need to enter the 16-digit control number received with your proxy card to submit questions and vote at our Annual Meeting. If you hold your shares in “street name” (that is, through a broker or other nominee), you will need authorization from your broker or nominee in order to vote. We intend to answer questions submitted during the Annual Meeting that are pertinent to the Company and the items being brought for stockholder vote at the Annual Meeting, as time permits, and in accordance with the Rules of Conduct for the Annual Meeting. To promote fairness, efficiently use the Company’s resources and ensure all stockholder questions are able to be addressed, we will respond to no more than three questions from a single stockholder. We have retained Broadridge Financial Solutions to host our virtual Annual Meeting and to distribute, receive, count and tabulate proxies.

What constitutes a quorum?

The presence at the Annual Meeting, in person or by proxy, of a majority of the voting power of all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum for our Annual Meeting. Signed proxies received but not voted and broker non-votes will be included in the calculation of the number of shares considered to be present at the Annual Meeting.

How do I vote?

You may vote on the Internet, by telephone, by mail or by attending the Annual Meeting and voting electronically, all as described below. The Internet and telephone voting procedures are designed to authenticate stockholders by use of a control number and to allow you to confirm that your instructions have been properly recorded. If you vote by telephone or on the Internet, you do not need to return your proxy card or voting instruction card.

Vote on the Internet

If you are a stockholder of record, you may submit your proxy by going to www.proxyvote.com, and following the instructions provided in the proxy card that accompanied the proxy materials. If your shares are held with a broker, you will need to go to the website provided on your proxy card. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the voting website. On the Internet voting site, you can confirm that your instructions have been properly recorded. If you vote on the Internet, you can also request electronic delivery of future proxy materials. Internet voting facilities are available now and will be available 24 hours a day until 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on December 9, 2024.

Vote by Telephone

If you are a stockholder of record, you can also vote by telephone by dialing 1-800-690-6903. If your shares are held with a broker, you can vote by telephone by dialing the number specified on your voting instruction card. Have your proxy card or voting instruction card in hand when you call. Telephone voting facilities are available now and will be available 24 hours a day until 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on December 9, 2024.

Vote by Mail

You may choose to vote by mail, by marking your proxy card or voting instruction card, dating and signing it, and returning it in the postage-paid envelope provided. If the envelope is missing and you are a stockholder of record, please mail your completed proxy card to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. If the envelope is missing and your shares are held with a broker, please mail your completed voting instruction card to the address specified therein. Please allow sufficient time for mailing if you decide to vote by mail as it must be received by 11:59 p.m. on December 9, 2024. 

Voting at the Annual Meeting

You will have the right to vote at the Annual Meeting.

You will have the right to vote on the day of, or during, the Annual Meeting on www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RVPH2024. To demonstrate proof of stock ownership, you will need to enter the 16-digit control number received with your proxy card to vote at our Annual Meeting.

Even if you plan to attend our Annual Meeting, we recommend that you also submit your proxy as described above so that your vote will be counted if you later decide not to attend our Annual Meeting.

The shares voted electronically, telephonically, or represented by the proxy cards received, properly marked, dated, signed and not revoked, will be voted at the Annual Meeting.

What if I vote and then change my mind?

You may revoke your proxy at any time before it is exercised by:

Your latest vote will be the vote that is counted.

What is the difference between holding shares as a stockholder of record and as a beneficial owner?

Many of our stockholders hold their shares through a stockbroker, bank or other nominee rather than directly in their own name. As summarized below, there are some distinctions between shares held of record and those owned beneficially.

Stockholder of Record

If your shares are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, you are considered, with respect to those shares, the stockholder of record. As the stockholder of record, you have the right to grant your voting proxy directly to us or to vote at the Annual Meeting.

Beneficial Owner

If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered the beneficial owner of shares held in street name, and these proxy materials are being forwarded to you by your broker, bank or nominee which is considered, with respect to those shares, the stockholder of record. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker as to how to vote and are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting. However, because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote these shares unless you obtain a signed proxy from the record holder giving you the right to vote the shares. If you do not vote your shares or otherwise provide the stockholder of record with voting instructions, your shares may constitute broker non-votes. The effect of broker non-votes is more specifically described in “What vote is required to approve each proposal?” below.

What vote is required to approve each proposal?

The holders of a majority of our common stock outstanding on the Record Date must be present, in person or by proxy, at the Annual Meeting in order to have the required quorum for the transaction of business. Pursuant to Delaware corporate law, abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted for the purpose of determining whether a quorum is present.

Assuming that a quorum is present, the following votes will be required:

Holders of our common stock will not have any dissenters’ rights of appraisal in connection with any of the matters to be voted on at the Annual Meeting.

What are “broker non-votes”? 

If you are a beneficial owner of shares registered in the name of your bank, broker or other agent, your shares are held by your broker, bank or other agent as your nominee, or in “street name,” and you will need to obtain a proxy form from the organization that holds your shares and follow the instructions included on that form regarding how to instruct the organization to vote your shares. Banks, brokers and other agents acting as nominees are permitted to use discretionary voting authority to vote proxies for proposals that are deemed “routine” by the New York Stock Exchange, but are not permitted to use discretionary voting authority to vote proxies for proposals that are deemed “non-routine” by the New York Stock Exchange. The determination of which proposals are deemed “routine” versus “non-routine” may not be made by the New York Stock Exchange until after the date on which this proxy statement has been mailed to you. As such, it is important that you provide voting instructions to your bank, broker or other nominee as to how to vote your shares, if you wish to ensure that your shares voted at the Annual Meeting on all matters and if you wish to direct the voting of your shares on “routine” matters.

A broker “non-vote” occurs when a proposal is deemed “non-routine” and a nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner does not have discretionary voting authority with respect to the matter being considered and has not received instructions from the beneficial owner.

The election of directors (Proposal 1), the approval, on an advisory basis, of the executive compensation of the Company’s named executive officers (Proposal 3), and the advisory vote on the frequency of the advisory votes on executive compensation (Proposal 4), are generally not considered to be “routine” matters and brokers are not permitted to vote on such matters if the broker has not received instructions from the beneficial owners. Accordingly, it is particularly important that beneficial owners instruct their brokers how they wish to vote their shares. The ratification of our independent registered public accounting firm (Proposal 2), the approval of the amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase our authorized shares (Proposal 5), and the approval of the adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, in the event that the number of shares of common stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting “For” the adoption of Proposal 5 are insufficient to approve Proposal 5 (Proposal 6), are generally considered to be “routine” matters, and hence your brokerage firm may be able to vote on Proposals 2, 5 and 6 even if it does not receive instructions from you, so long as it holds your shares in its name.

How are we soliciting this proxy?

We are soliciting this proxy on behalf of our Board and will pay all expenses associated therewith. Some of our officers, directors and other employees also may, but without compensation other than their regular compensation, solicit proxies by further mailing or personal conversations, or by telephone, facsimile or other electronic means.

We will also, upon request, reimburse brokers and other persons holding stock in their names, or in the names of nominees, for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses for forwarding proxy materials to the beneficial owners of the capital stock and to obtain proxies.

PROPOSAL 1:

TO ELECT FIVE DIRECTORS TO SERVE UNTIL THE NEXT ANNUAL MEETING AND UNTIL THEIR SUCCESSORS HAVE BEEN DULY ELECTED AND QUALIFIED

Our Board is currently composed of five directors. Vacancies on the Board may be filled only by persons elected by a majority of the remaining directors. A director elected by the Board to fill a vacancy, including vacancies created by an increase in the number of directors, shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation, death or removal.

Each of the nominees listed below is currently one of our directors. If elected at the Annual Meeting, each of these nominees would serve until the next annual meeting and until his successor has been duly elected and qualified, or, if sooner, until his earlier resignation, death or removal.

Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast, in person or by proxy. Directions to withhold authority, abstentions and broker non-votes will not be counted as votes cast in the election of directors and accordingly will not affect the outcome of the election. Stockholders may not vote, or submit a proxy, for a greater number of nominees than the five nominees named below. The director nominees receiving the highest number of affirmative votes will be elected. Shares represented by executed proxies will be voted, if authority to do so is not withheld, for the election of the five director nominees named below. If any director nominee becomes unavailable for election as a result of an unexpected occurrence, shares that would have been voted for that nominee will instead be voted for the election of a substitute nominee proposed by our Board. Each person nominated for election has agreed to serve if elected. Our management has no reason to believe that any nominee will be unable to serve.

Prior to the consummation of the transactions (the “Business Combination”) contemplated by the Merger Agreement dated as of July 20, 2020 (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), certain of our nominees served on the board of directors of Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Old Reviva”) and our predecessor company, formerly known as Tenzing Acquisition Corp., a British Virgin Islands exempted company (“Tenzing”).

Nominees for Election until the Next Annual Meeting

The following table sets forth the name, age, position and tenure of each of our directors who are up for re-election at the Annual Meeting:

The following includes a brief biography of each of the nominees standing for election to the Board at the Annual Meeting, based on information furnished to us by each director nominee, with each biography including information regarding the experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that caused the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Board (“Governance Committee”) to determine that the applicable nominee should serve as a member of our Board.

Directors

Laxminarayan Bhat, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Dr. Bhat is the founder of our Company and has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board since December 2020. Prior to this, Dr. Bhat served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Old Reviva since its inception in 2006. From 2000 to 2004, Dr. Bhat served as research scientist at XenoPort, Inc., now a part of Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC (NYSE: ABR), a public company engaged in the pharmaceuticals business. Dr. Bhat also served as a research scientist, from 2004 to 2006, at ARYx Therapeutics Inc, (previously trading under OTCM: ARYX), a former public company that focused on the development of pharmaceutical products. From 1997 to 2000, Dr. Bhat served as a post-doctoral researcher in the Drug Discovery Program at the Higuchi Biosciences Center, a biomedical research center at the University of Kansas. Dr. Bhat has over 20 years’ experience in drug discovery and development. Dr. Bhat has received a global post-doctoral training at the University of Kansas, USA, the Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany and the Université du Maine, France. In 1995, he was selected for the Alexander von Humboldt fellowship, an internationally recognized award for young scientists to pursue advanced research in Germany. Dr. Bhat received his Ph.D. in synthetic organic chemistry from the Central University (NEHU), India.

We believe Dr. Bhat’s history as the founder of the Company and his experience in drug discovery and development qualifies him to serve on our Board.

Parag Saxena, Chairman of the Board

Mr. Saxena has served as Chairman of our Board since December 2020, and prior to this, served as Chairman of the board of directors of Tenzing since 2018. Mr. Saxena has extensive investment experience in the U.S. and in the Indian subcontinent. Mr. Saxena co-founded private equity investment management firms Vedanta Management LP (or Vedanta) and NSR Advisors in 2006. He is the Managing Partner and Chief Executive Officer of both firms. Previously, he was Chief Executive Officer of INVESCO Private Capital (and its predecessor firms), a venture capital firm in the U.S. During his 23-year tenure, over 300 investments were made, including Amgen, Costco, PictureTel, Polycom, Staples and Starbucks. Mr. Saxena led more than 90 investments for INVESCO Private Capital (and its predecessor firms), a third of which went on to become public companies. These investments include Alkermes, Celgene, Genomic Health, Indigo, Masimo, Transgenomic, Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Amber Networks, ARM Holdings, MetroPCS, and Volterra. Mr. Saxena has served on committees advising the Prime Minister of India on foreign direct investments, and the Planning Commission of India on venture capital. He is a Director of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay’s Heritage Fund and was a Trustee of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. He is on the Advisory Board of the Center for Advanced Studies on India at the University of Pennsylvania and is on the Indian Advisory Council and President’s Advisory Council on Biology and Medicine at Brown University. Mr. Saxena was the President of TiE Tri-State (NY, CT, NJ) from 2003 to 2010. He was also on Mayor Bloomberg’s Applied Sciences NYC Advisory Committee. Mr. Saxena received an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He earned a B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and an M.S. in Chemical Engineering from the West Virginia College of Graduate Studies.

We believe Mr. Saxena’s deep financial, entrepreneurial and business expertise and extensive experience as a member of the boards and board committees of other public companies qualifies him to serve on our Board.

Richard Margolin, Director

Dr. Margolin has served as a member of Board since December 2020. Dr. Margolin currently serves as the Chief Medical Officer of TauC3 Biologics Ltd., a privately held British biopharmaceutical company since August 2023, and also served as its Senior Vice President, Translational Sciences and Clinical Development from February 2020 until July 2023. From January 2020 until December 2023, Dr. Margolin served as the Chief Medical Officer of Eikonizo Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company, and he is the Founder and Principal Consultant of CNS Research Solutions LLC, a consulting firm supporting the development of novel therapeutics for CNS disorders since May 2018. From December 2016 to April 2018, Dr. Margolin served as Executive Director, Internal Medicine Research Unit at Pfizer, Inc. (NYSE: PFE), a publicly-traded pharmaceutical company. From November 2013 to December 2016, Dr. Margolin served as the Vice President, Clinical Development at CereSpir, Inc., a biotechnology company. Previously, he held positions in two major pharmaceutical companies, and earlier in his career he held leadership positions in psychiatry departments of two major U.S. medical schools. Dr. Margolin earned his AB from Harvard College and his MD from the University of California, Irvine and received research training at the National Institutes of Health.

We believe Dr. Margolin’s 30 years of experience in pharmaceutical research and development qualifies him to serve on our Board.

Purav Patel, Director

Mr. Patel has served as a member of our Board since December 2020. Prior to this, Mr. Patel served as a director of Old Reviva since May 2017. Mr. Patel has also been Founder and Managing Partner of Buena Vista Fund I, a company engaged in the business of startup investments since 2014. Mr. Patel has over 17 years of experience in business operations and scaling startups. Mr. Patel serves on the board of directors of Pratham, a charitable organization with the mission to vastly improve the quality of education for underprivileged children and youth across India. Mr. Patel holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Biology and Business from the University of Texas. Mr. Patel is skilled at financial analysis, business operations and fundraising.

We believe Mr. Patel’s 15 years of knowledge of the Company’s history, team, investors and product candidates qualifies him to serve on our Board.

Les Funtleyder, Director

Mr. Funtleyder has served as a member of our Board since December 2020. Mr. Funtleyder has served as a member of the board of directors of Applied Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ: APLT), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, since June 2016 and served as its interim Chief Financial Officer from December 2018 to April 2019. Mr. Funtleyder has also served as a healthcare portfolio manager at E Squared Capital Management, LLC since January 2014, a senior external advisor with McKinsey and Co. since June 2017, and a consulting partner at Bluecloud Health, a private equity healthcare fund, since December 2013. Mr. Funtleyder previously served as the director of strategic investments and communications of OPKO Health Inc. (NASDAQ: OPK), a publicly traded healthcare company, from April 2014 to June 2016. Mr. Funtleyder currently serves on the board of directors of several private healthcare companies and foundations. Mr. Funtleyder is also an adjunct professor of Healthcare Investing at Columbia University’s School of Public Health. Mr. Funtleyder received his B.A. from Tulane University and MPH from Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.

We believe Mr. Funtleyder’s extensive experience managing and investing in the healthcare industry and his experience serving as the CFO of another publicly-traded pharmaceutical company qualifies him to serve on our Board.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF THE DIRECTOR NOMINEES.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board of Director Composition

Our Board is currently composed of five directors. Our directors hold office until their successors have been elected and qualified or until the earlier of their resignation or removal.

We have no formal policy regarding Board diversity. Our priority in selection of Board members is identification of members who will further the interests of our stockholders through their established record of professional accomplishment, the ability to contribute positively to the collaborative culture among Board members, knowledge of our business and understanding of the competitive landscape.

Board of Director Meetings

Our Board met thirteen times in 2023. Each of the directors attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of our Board (held during the period for which such directors served on the Board) and (ii) the total number of meetings of all committees of our Board on which the director served (during the periods for which the director served on such committee or committees). We do not have a formal policy requiring members of the Board to attend our annual meetings. Our last annual meeting was held on November 13, 2023. All of our directors serving at the time attended last year’s annual meeting.

Director Independence

Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market. Under the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market, independent directors must comprise a majority of our Board. In addition, the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market require that all the members of such committees be independent. Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Compensation committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria established by The NASDAQ Capital Market in accordance with Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act. Under the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, among other qualifications, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Our Board undertook a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning their background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board has determined that Mr. Saxena, Mr. Funtleyder, Mr. Patel and Dr. Margolin, do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market and the SEC.

In making this determination, our Board considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with our Company and all other facts and circumstances our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence. We intend to comply with the other independence requirements for committees within the time periods specified above.

Board Committees

Our Board has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our Board may establish other committees to facilitate the management of our business. The composition and functions of each committee named above are described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our Board.

Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”) consists of Mr. Funtleyder, Mr. Patel and Dr. Margolin, with Mr. Funtleyder serving as the Chair of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee met five times in 2023. Our Board has determined that the directors currently serving on our Audit Committee are independent within the meaning of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. In addition, our Board has determined that Mr. Funtleyder qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations and the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.

The Audit Committee oversees and monitors our financial reporting process and internal control system, reviews and evaluates the audit performed by our registered independent public accountants and reports to our Board any substantive issues found during the audit. The Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of our registered independent public accountants. The Audit Committee reviews and approves all transactions with affiliated parties. Our Board has adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee. A copy of the charter is posted under the “Governance” tab in the “Investors” section of our website, which is located at https://revivapharma.com/.

Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) consists of Mr. Patel, Dr. Margolin and Mr. Saxena, with Mr. Patel serving as the Chair of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee met seven times in 2023. Our Board has determined that the three directors currently serving on our Compensation Committee are independent under applicable listing standards and are “non-employee directors” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

The Compensation Committee reviews and approves, and provides advice and makes recommendations to our Board, in the areas of employee salaries, benefit programs and director compensation. The Compensation Committee also reviews and approves all forms of non-equity and equity-based compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers, and such corporate goals and objectives relevant to such compensation, as applicable. Additionally, our Compensation Committee administers the Company’s equity-based compensation plans. Our Board has adopted a written charter for the Compensation Committee. A copy of the charter is posted under the “Governance” tab in the “Investors” section of our website, which is located at https://revivapharma.com/.

In addition, under its charter, the Compensation Committee has the authority (i) to delegate such of its authority and responsibilities as the Committee deems proper to subcommittees thereof, subject to all applicable laws and regulations, (ii) appoint a chair of the Compensation Committee, unless a chair is designated by the Board, and (iii) have the sole authority and right, at the expense of the Company, to retain legal and other consultants, experts and advisers of its choice to assist the Compensation Committee in connection with its functions, including any studies or investigations, and shall have direct oversight of the work performed by such advisers. The Compensation Committee is required to evaluate the independence of any compensation consultant it engages based on the factors for assessing independence and identifying potential conflicts of interest that are set forth in Exchange Act Rule 10C-1(b)(4), Rule 5605(d)(3)(D) of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules, and such other factors as the Compensation Committee deems relevant or may be required from time to time pursuant to applicable SEC or NASDAQ rules. Once it considers these factors, the Compensation Committee may select or receive advice from any compensation advisor the Compensation Committee prefers, including one that is not independent.

During fiscal year 2023, after taking into account the factors for assessing independence and identifying potential conflicts of interest as prescribed by the SEC and NASDAQ rules as described above, the Compensation Committee directly engaged Frederic W. Cook & Co. (“FW Cook”) as its independent compensation consultant. FW Cook was retained to provide an assessment of the Company’s executive and director compensation programs in comparison to executive and non-employee director compensation programs at comparable companies, and to provide analyses, advice and recommendations regarding the Company’s executive and non-employee director compensation programs. As part of its engagement, FW Cook performed comparative assessments regarding competitive market practices and provided the Compensation Committee with analyses, advice and recommendations concerning the Company’s compensation programs, including the structure, amount and form of such compensation and the competitiveness thereof. The Compensation Committee’s decision to hire the compensation consultant was not made or recommended by Company management. The compensation consultant did not perform any work for the Company except with respect to the work that it has done directly for the Compensation Committee.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board (the “Governance Committee”) consists of Mr. Saxena, Mr. Funtleyder and Mr. Patel, with Mr. Saxena serving as the Chair of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee met one time in 2023.

The Governance Committee nominates individuals to be elected to the Board by our stockholders. The Governance Committee considers recommendations from stockholders if submitted in a timely manner in accordance with the procedures set forth in our bylaws and will apply the same criteria to all persons being considered. All members of the Governance Committee are independent directors as defined under the NASDAQ listing standards. Our Board has adopted a written charter for the Governance Committee. A copy of the charter is posted under the “Governance” tab in the “Investors” section of our website, which is located at https://revivapharma.com/.

Stockholder Nominations for Directorships

Stockholders may recommend individuals to the Governance Committee for consideration as potential director candidates by submitting their names and background to the Secretary of the Company at the address set forth below under “Stockholder Communications” in accordance with the provisions set forth in our bylaws. All such recommendations will be forwarded to the Governance Committee, which will review and only consider such recommendations if appropriate biographical and other information is provided, including, but not limited to, the items listed below, on a timely basis. All security holder recommendations for director candidates must be received by the Company in accordance with the timeframe(s) set forth and other applicable requirements referenced under the heading “Stockholder Proposals” below.

Assuming that appropriate information is provided for candidates recommended by stockholders, the Governance Committee will evaluate those candidates by following substantially the same process, and applying substantially the same criteria, as for candidates submitted by members of the Board or other persons, as described above and as set forth in its written charter.

Board Diversity

The following Board Diversity Matrix presents our Board diversity statistics in accordance with Nasdaq Rule 5606. The information is based on our directors’ self-reporting and reflects compliance with the objectives of Nasdaq Rule 5605(f)(2)(D) (applicable to companies with boards of five or fewer members) by having at least one director who is Diverse (as defined by Nasdaq Rules). While as noted above we have no formal policy regarding Board diversity, as we pursue future Board recruitment efforts, our Governance Committee will continue to seek candidates who can contribute to the diversity of views and perspectives of the Board. This includes seeking out individuals of diverse backgrounds and perspectives informed by personal and professional experiences. 

The following Board Diversity Matrix and accompanying and accompanying information in this “Board Diversity” section above includes information regarding our current directors as of the Record Date for the Annual Meeting.  To see our Board Diversity Matrix as of October 4, 2023, please see our Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the SEC on October 4, 2023.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

The positions of our chairman of the Board and chief executive officer are separated. Separating these positions allows our chief executive officer to focus on our day-to-day business, while allowing the chairman of the Board to lead our Board in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management. Our Board recognizes the time, effort and energy that the chief executive officer must devote to his position in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to serve as our chairman, particularly as our Board’s oversight responsibilities continue to grow. Our Board also believes that this structure ensures a greater role for the independent directors in the oversight of our Company and active participation of the independent directors in setting agendas and establishing priorities and procedures for the work of our Board. Our Board believes its administration of its risk oversight function has not affected its leadership structure.

Although our bylaws do not require our chairman and chief executive officer positions to be separate, our Board believes that having separate positions is the appropriate leadership structure for us at this time and demonstrates our commitment to good corporate governance.

Risk is inherent with every business, and how well a business manages risk can ultimately determine its success. We face a number of risks, including those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and other reports filed with the SEC. Our Board is actively involved in oversight of risks that could affect us. This oversight is conducted primarily by our full Board, which has responsibility for general oversight of risks.

Our Board will satisfy this responsibility through full reports by each committee chair regarding the committee’s considerations and actions, as well as through regular reports directly from officers responsible for oversight of particular risks within our Company. Our Board believes that full and open communication between management and our Board is essential for effective risk management and oversight.

Stockholder Communications

Our Board will give appropriate attention to written communications that are submitted by stockholders, and will respond if and as appropriate. Absent unusual circumstances or as contemplated by committee charters, and subject to advice from legal counsel, the Secretary of the Company is primarily responsible for monitoring communications from stockholders and for providing copies or summaries of such communications to the Board as he considers appropriate.

Communications from stockholders will be forwarded to all directors if they relate to important substantive matters or if they include suggestions or comments that the Secretary considers to be important for the Board to know. Communication relating to corporate governance and corporate strategy are more likely to be forwarded to the Board than communications regarding personal grievances, ordinary business matters, and matters as to which the Company tends to receive repetitive or duplicative communications.

Stockholders who wish to send communications to the Board should address such communications to: The Board of Directors, Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, CA, Attention: Secretary.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our employees, officers and directors. A current copy of the code is posted under the “Governance” tab in the “Investors” section of our website, which is located at http://revivapharma.com/. We intend to disclose future substantive amendments to certain provisions of our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of such provisions applicable to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, and our directors, on our website identified above or in filings with the SEC.

Anti-Hedging Policy

Under the terms of our insider trading policy, we prohibit each officer, director and employee, and each of their family members and controlled entities, from engaging in certain forms of hedging or monetization transactions. Such transactions include those, such as zero-cost collars and forward sale contracts, that would allow them to lock in much of the value of their stock holdings, often in exchange for all or part of the potential for upside appreciation in the stock, and to continue to own the covered securities but without the full risks and rewards of ownership.

Limitation of Directors Liability and Indemnification

The Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions. Our Certificate of Incorporation includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Company or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The effect of these provisions is to eliminate the rights of the Company and its stockholders, through stockholders’ derivative suits on the Company’s behalf, to recover monetary damages from a director for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, including breaches resulting from grossly negligent behavior. However, exculpation does not apply to any director if the director has acted in bad faith, knowingly or intentionally violated the law, authorized illegal dividends or redemptions or derived an improper benefit from their actions as a director.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and our bylaws provide that we must indemnify and advance expenses to directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL. We are also expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing indemnification for directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities. We believe that these indemnification and advancement provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and executive officers.

The limitation of liability, indemnification and advancement provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and our bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the Company and its stockholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. We believe that these provisions, liability insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced directors and officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

There is currently no pending material litigation or proceeding involving any of our respective directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought.

INFORMATION CONCERNING EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our current executive officers:

Our executive officers are elected by, and serve at the discretion of, our Board. The business experience for the past five years, and in some instances, for prior years, of each of our executive officers is as follows:

Management

Laxminarayan Bhat, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Please see the description appearing under “Proposal 1,” above.

Narayan Prabhu, Chief Financial Officer

Mr. Prabhu joined the Company as Chief Financial Officer in December 2020. Prior to this, from May 2019 to December 2020, Mr. Prabhu had served as an independent consultant providing Interim Chief Financial Officer and Controller services. Mr. Prabhu previously served as the Chief Financial Officer of Sony Biotechnology Inc., a biotechnology company focused on reagents, flow cytometry and spectral imaging from November 2014 to April 2019. From September 2009 to October 2014, Mr. Prabhu served as the M&A Controller at Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO). Mr. Prabhu is a CPA and received his B.S. in Accounting & Finance from Indiana University at Bloomington - Kelley School of Business and MBA from the University of California at Berkeley - Haas School of Business.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

As we are currently a “smaller reporting company”, we have opted to comply with the scaled down disclosure rules applicable to a “smaller reporting company”, as such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Exchange Act, which require compensation disclosure for (i) our principal executive officer, (ii) our two most highly compensated executive officers, other than the principal executive officer, whose total compensation for 2023 exceeded $100,000 and who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2023, and (iii) if applicable, up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been provided pursuant to the foregoing clause (ii) but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2023. We refer to these individuals as “named executive officers.” Our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2023 were:

2023 Summary Compensation Table

The following table presents information regarding the total compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to our named executive officers during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(1) Amounts reflect the grant date fair value of option awards granted in 2023 and 2022 in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718. For information regarding assumptions underlying the valuation of equity awards, see Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. These amounts do not correspond to the actual value that may be received by the named executive officers if the stock options are exercised.

(2) Amounts reflect, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, the grant date fair value of options to purchase the Company’s common stock granted to the respective named executive officer in payment of the incentive bonus earned by each such named executive officer for fiscal 2023. The amount of incentive bonus earned for 2023 was determined by the Compensation Committee on the grant date of September 15, 2024 and was paid in the form of fully vested options granted on such date in lieu of cash. The value of option grants was calculated on September 15, 2024, using the simplified method and based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, with the inputs being a stock price of $1.20, an exercise price of $1.20, an expected term of 5 years, a risk-free rate of 3.37%, a volatility of 118% and an expected dividend rate of 0%. These amounts do not correspond to the actual value that may be received by the named executive officers if the stock options are exercised.

(3) Laxminarayan Bhat has served as Chief Executive Officer and President since the formation of Old Reviva in May 2006.

(4) Narayan Prabhu began serving as our Chief Financial Officer on December 14, 2020.

Employment Agreements with Our Named Executive Officers

Employment Agreements

Laxminarayan Bhat. On December 14, 2020 we entered into a customary employment agreement with Dr. Bhat (the “Bhat Employment Agreement”). The Bhat Employment Agreement provides for Dr. Bhat to serve as Chief Executive Officer reporting to our Board and provides for an annual base salary of $400,000 (the “Base Salary”). In addition, Dr. Bhat is eligible to receive an annual bonus of up to fifty percent (50%) of his then-Base Salary (the “Target Bonus”), subject to the satisfaction of certain subjective or objective criteria established and approved by our compensation committee. Pursuant to the terms of the Bhat Employment Agreement, Dr. Bhat is eligible to receive equity awards under the Company’s equity incentive plan. The Bhat Employment Agreement contains customary confidentiality and assignment of inventions provisions. In addition, we will indemnify and hold Dr. Bhat harmless, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, from and against any liabilities, costs, claims and expenses incurred in defense of any Proceeding (as defined in the Bhat Employment Agreement) that Dr. Bhat is made a party to.

If we terminate Dr. Bhat’s employment without Cause or Dr. Bhat terminates his employment for Good Reason (each as defined in the Bhat Employment Agreement), Dr. Bhat will be entitled to receive (i) the Accrued Amounts (as defined in the Bhat Employment Agreement), and subject to Dr. Bhat’s execution and nonrevocation of a release of claims, (ii) eighteen (18) months of his Base Salary plus one and one-half times his annual Target Bonus (reduced to six (6) months of Base Salary and one-half of his annual Target Bonus if Dr. Bhat’s employment is terminated after the third anniversary of the effective date of the Bhat Employment Agreement) payable in equal installments in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll practices, (iii) twelve (12) months of service credit under all outstanding unvested equity incentive awards granted during Dr. Bhat’s employment (reduced to six (6) months of service credit if Dr. Bhat’s employment is terminated after the third anniversary of the effective date of the Bhat Employment Agreement) and (iv) reimbursement of COBRA coverage for up to eighteen (18) months. If Dr. Bhat’s employment is terminated on account of his death or Disability (as defined in the Bhat Employment Agreement), Dr. Bhat will be entitled to receive the Accrued Amounts and a lump sum payment equal to eighteen (18) months Base Salary and Target Bonus. In addition, if we terminate Dr. Bhat’s employment without Cause or Dr. Bhat terminates his employment for Good Reason within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control (as defined in the Bhat Employment Agreement), Dr. Bhat will be entitled to receive (i) the Accrued Amounts and, subject to Dr. Bhat’s execution and nonrevocation of a release of claims, (ii) a lump sum payment equal to 1.5 times his Base Salary and Target Bonus for the year in which the termination occurs, (iii) accelerated vesting of all of his outstanding equity incentive awards and cash incentive payments and (iv) reimbursement of COBRA coverage for up to eighteen (18) months.

Simultaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Dr. Bhat entered into a non-competition and non-solicitation agreement (the “Non-Competition Agreement”), which became effective on December 14, 2020, pursuant to which Dr. Bhat agreed not to compete with Tenzing, Reviva and their respective affiliates during the three (3) year period following the Closing in North America, Europe or India or in any other markets in which Tenzing and Reviva are engaged. Dr. Bhat also agreed during such three (3) year restricted period to not solicit employees or customers of such entities. The Non-Competition Agreement also contains customary confidentiality and mutual non-disparagement provisions.

On February 8, 2023, our Compensation Committee (i) awarded Dr. Bhat a $160,000 bonus for 2022, representing 40% of his then-current base salary, (ii) set Dr. Bhat’s new base salary for 2023 at $450,000, effective as of January 1, 2023, and (iii) determined that Dr. Bhat is eligible to receive a 2023 bonus at a target level of 50% of his then-current base salary, subject to the satisfaction of certain subjective and/or objective criteria established and approved by our Compensation Committee. On April 25, 2023, our Compensation Committee awarded Dr. Bhat an option to purchase 443,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $6.74 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date in accordance with the terms of the Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”).

On September 15, 2024, our Compensation Committee determined the amount of incentive bonus earned by Dr. Bhat for 2023 and awarded Dr. Bhat an option to purchase 158,451 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on September 13, 2024, in accordance with the terms of the 2020 Plan.

Narayan Prabhu. On December 14, 2020, an offer letter Old Reviva entered into with Narayan Prabhu, dated October 19, 2020, became effective (the “Prabhu Offer Letter”). The Prabhu Offer Letter provides for Mr. Prabhu to serve as Chief Financial Officer reporting to our Chief Executive Officer or our Board and provides for an annual base salary of $275,000. Pursuant to the Prabhu Offer Letter, Mr. Prabhu’s employment with the Company will be at-will.

In addition, Mr. Prabhu is eligible for a discretionary bonus. Pursuant to the Prabhu Offer Letter, on April 14, 2021, Mr. Prabhu was granted options to purchase up to fifty thousand (50,000) shares of our common stock pursuant to our 2020 Plan. Pursuant to the terms of the Prabhu Offer Letter, Mr. Prabhu is also eligible to receive, from time to time, equity awards under our 2020 Plan, or any other equity incentive plan that we may adopt in the future, and the terms and conditions of such awards, if any, will be determined by our Board, or a committee thereof, in their discretion. The Prabhu Offer Letter contains customary confidentiality and assignment of inventions provisions.

On February 8, 2023, our Compensation Committee (i) awarded Mr. Prabhu a $137,500 bonus for 2022, representing 50% of his then-current base salary (and taking into account that no bonus was paid to Mr. Prabhu for 2021), (ii) set Mr. Prabhu’s new base salary for 2023 at $325,000, effective as of January 1, 2023, and (iii) determined that Mr. Prabhu is eligible to receive a 2023 bonus at a target level of 41% of his then-current base salary, subject to the satisfaction of certain subjective and/or objective criteria established and approved by our Compensation Committee. On April 25, 2023, our Compensation Committee awarded Mr. Prabhu an option to purchase 170,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $6.74 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date in accordance with the terms of our 2020 Plan. The option was immediately vested as to 50% of the shares subject thereto on the grant date, and provides for vesting as to an additional 1.389% of the shares subject thereto on the last day of each month thereafter.

On September 15, 2024, our Compensation Committee determined the amount of incentive bonus earned by Mr. Prabhu for 2023 and awarded Mr. Prabhu an option to purchase 95,940 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on September 13, 2024, in accordance with the terms of the 2020 Plan.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End — 2023

The following table summarizes, for each of the named executive officers, the number of shares of our common stock underlying outstanding stock options held as of December 31, 2023.

(1) Represents options to purchase shares of our common stock granted on April 25, 2023 with an exercise price of $6.74 per share. The shares underlying the option provide for vesting starting April 25, 2023 with 50% vesting immediately on April 25, 2023, then straight-line on a monthly basis over the following 36 months from April 2023 to March 2026. The award was made pursuant to the 2020 Plan.

(2) Represents options to purchase shares of our common stock granted on April 14, 2021 with an exercise price of $4.30 per share. The shares underlying the option provide for vesting starting December 2020 with 25% after a one-year cliff in December 2021, then straight-line on a monthly basis over the following 36 months from January 2022 to December 2023. The award was made pursuant to the 2020 Plan.

PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE

Pay Versus Performance Table

As required by Section 953(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between executive compensation actually paid (as defined in Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K) and certain financial performance of the Company. We are also permitted to report as a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws. Accordingly, we have not included a tabular list of financial performance measures, and the table below does not include a column for a “Company-Selected Measure” as defined in Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The Compensation Committee did not consider the pay versus performance disclosure below in making its pay decisions for any of the years shown.

(1)The dollar amounts reported in column (b) are the amounts of total compensation reported for Laxminarayan Bhat, PhD, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer for the 2023 and 2022 periods.

(2) The dollar amounts under column (c) represent the amount of "compensation actually paid" to Laxminarayan Bhat, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to Mr. Bhat during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the adjustments in the table below were made to Mr. Bhat's total compensation for each year to determine the compensation actually paid.

(3) The dollar amounts reported in column (d) represent the amounts of total compensation reported for non-PEO NEOs. The non-PEO NEO for the 2023 period was Narayan Prabhu, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. The non-PEO NEOs for the 2022 period were Narayan Prabhu, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, and Marc Cantillon, MD, the Company’s Chief Medical Officer.

(4) The dollar amounts under column (e) represent the amount of "compensation actually paid" to Narayan Prabhu and Marc Cantillon, the Non-PEO NEOs within the applicable years, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to Mr. Prabhu and Dr. Cantillon during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the adjustments in the table below were made to Mr. Prabhu and Mr. Cantillon's total compensation for each year to determine the compensation actually paid.

(5) Pursuant to the SEC rules, the total shareholder return ("TSR") figures assume an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2021. Cumulative TSR is calculated by dividing the sum of the cumulative amount of dividends for the measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and the difference between the Company’s share price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period by the Company’s share price at the beginning of the measurement period. The calculation of TSR was based upon the closing price of a share of the Common Stock on the last day of its 2023, 2022 and 2021 fiscal years, which prices were $5.15, $4.25, $2.89 respectively.

PEO

Average Non-PEO NEOs

Analysis of the Information Presented in the Pay Versus Performance Table

Analysis of the Information Presented in the Pay Versus Performance Table

As described in more detail above under “Executive Compensation,” the Company’s executive compensation program reflects a performance-driven compensation philosophy. While the Company utilizes several performance measures to align executive compensation with Company performance, those Company measures are not financial performance measures and are therefore not presented in the Pay Versus Performance table. Moreover, the Company generally seeks to incentivize long-term performance, and therefore does not specifically align the Company’s performance measures with “compensation actually paid” (as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K) for a particular year. In accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following descriptions of the relationships between information presented in the Pay Versus Performance table above.

Compensation Actually Paid and Cumulative TSR

The charts below shows the relationship between the compensation actually paid to our PEO and the average compensation actually paid to our non-PEO NEOs, on the one hand, to the Company’s cumulative TSR over the two years presented in the table, on the other hand.

Compensation Actually Paid and Net Loss

The chart below shows the relationship between the compensation actually paid to our PEO and the average compensation actually paid to our non-PEO NEOs, on the one hand, to the Company’s net loss, on the other hand.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Director Compensation

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation paid to certain of our non-employee directors during 2023.

Non-Employee Director Compensation 

On the recommendation of our compensation committee, on June 15, 2021, our Board approved a non-employee director compensation policy (the “Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy”). On February 10, 2023, our compensation policy approved certain amendments to equity compensation provisions of the policy (the “February 2023 Amendments”), providing that going forward the equity compensation component of the policy shall consist of equity grants of fixed quantities of shares in lieu of grants determined by reference to a dollar value of shares, as described below. The Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy provides for the following compensation:

The Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy provides for the following cash compensation. The cash compensation component of the Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy was unchanged by the February 2023 Amendments:

All annual cash retainer fees under the Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy will be paid quarterly in arrears.

The Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy also provides generally for certain equity compensation under the 2020 Plan, or any other equity incentive plan the Company may adopt in the future, as described below. Prior to the adoption of the February 2023 Amendments, the equity compensation under the Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy consisted of, and was paid in accordance with, the following:

From and after the adoption of the February 2023 Amendments, the equity compensation under the Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy consists of, and is paid in accordance with, the following:

Indemnification Agreements

On December 14, 2020, the Board adopted and entered into (a) a form of indemnification agreement (the “Indemnification Agreement”) between the Company and each of its directors and executive officers, except for Parag Saxena, and (b) a form of indemnification agreement (the “Saxena Indemnification Agreement”) with Parag Saxena.

The Indemnification Agreement requires us to indemnify each director and officer to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, penalties, fines and settlement amounts actually and reasonably incurred in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, claim, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing, arbitration or other proceeding to which the director or officer was, or is threatened to be made, a party by reason of the fact that such director or officer is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of us. Subject to certain limitations, the Indemnification Agreement provides for the advancement of expenses incurred by the indemnitee, and the repayment to us of the amounts advanced to the extent that it is ultimately determined that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by us. The Indemnification Agreement also creates certain rights in favor of us, including the right to assume the defense of claims and to consent to settlements. The Indemnification Agreement does not exclude any other rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses to which the indemnitee may be entitled under applicable law, our Certificate of Incorporation, or our bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.

The Saxena Indemnification Agreement is on substantially the same form as the Indemnification Agreement, except that it includes a provision specifying that the we will act as the indemnitor of first resort and that we will not assert that Mr. Saxena, as indemnitee under the Saxena Indemnification Agreement, must seek expense advancement or reimbursement, or indemnification, from any stockholder of the Company and/or certain of any such stockholder’s affiliates who Mr. Saxena may have rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance from, before we must perform our expense advancement and reimbursement, and indemnification obligations, under the Saxena Indemnification Agreement.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

On December 14, 2020, the 2020 Plan became effective. The general purpose of the 2020 Plan is to provide a means whereby employees, officers, directors, consultants, advisors or other individual service providers may develop a sense of proprietorship and personal involvement in our development and financial success, and to encourage them to devote their best efforts to us, thereby advancing our interests and the interests of our stockholders.

2006 Equity Incentive Plan

Old Reviva’s board of directors adopted, and Old Reviva’s stockholders approved, the Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”), effective as of August 2006. The 2006 Plan provided for the grant of incentive stock options, or ISOs, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to Old Reviva’s employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, or NSOs, and restricted stock awards to Old Reviva’s employees, officers, directors and consultants; provided such consultants render bona fide services not in connection with the offer and sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction. As of 2016, no new grants of awards are permitted under the 2006 Plan.

The 2006 Plan was amended to change its name to the Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Amended 2006 Plan”), and each outstanding option to acquire Old Reviva common stock (whether vested or unvested) under the Amended 2006 Plan was assumed by us and automatically converted into an option to acquire shares of our common stock, with its price and number of shares equitably adjusted based on the conversion of the shares of common stock of Old Reviva into shares of our common stock pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

The following table provides information with respect to our compensation plans under which equity compensation was authorized as of December 31, 2023.

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE*

The undersigned members of the Audit Committee of the Board of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) submit this report in connection with the committee’s review of the financial reports for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as follows:

The Audit Committee of Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.

Les Funtleyder, Chair

Purav Patel

Richard Margolin

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company on October 9, 2024 by:

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days.

The beneficial ownership of the common stock of the Company is based on 33,441,199 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of October 9, 2024.

* Less than one percent.

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS

The following includes a summary of transactions since January 1, 2022, to which we or Tenzing have been a participant in which the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of (i) $120,000 or (ii) 1% of our average total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any of our directors, executive officers or beneficial owners of more than 5% of our capital stock or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than equity and other compensation, termination, change in control and other arrangements, which are described in the section entitled “Executive Compensation.”

Indian Subsidiary

Mr. Krishnamurthy Bhat, an Indian resident and the brother of Dr. Bhat, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer’s, holds a 1% ownership stake and is a director of the Company’s subsidiary, Reviva Pharmaceuticals India Private Limited. The Indian government regulates ownership of Indian companies by non-residents. Foreign investment in Indian securities is generally regulated by the Consolidated Policy on Foreign Direct Investment issued by the Government and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, which prevents 100% ownership by a foreign parent company of its Indian subsidiary.

Employment

Reviva employs Seema R. Bhat, the spouse of Laxminarayan Bhat, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, as its Vice President for Program & Portfolio Management, pursuant to an Offer Letter dated March 1, 2011 (the “Bhat 2011 Offer Letter”). In October 2015, Ms. Bhat entered into a letter agreement with Old Reviva pursuant to which Ms. Bhat agreed to a reduction in her base annual salary to $30,000 for an indefinite period of time. Effective since October 2018, Ms. Bhat had agreed to defer her entire salary, without interest. Effective as of October 2, 2020, 35,385 shares of Old Reviva common stock were issued to Ms. Bhat in full satisfaction of the entire deferred salary balance owed to Ms. Bhat, pursuant to a Stock Issuance Agreement and Release.

On June 16, 2021, the Company entered into an Employment Letter with Ms. Bhat (the “Bhat 2021 Employment Letter”), which supersedes the Bhat 2011 Offer Letter. The Bhat 2021 Employment Letter provides for Ms. Bhat to continue to serve as our Vice President for Program & Portfolio Management reporting to our Chief Executive Officer or our Board and provides for an annual base salary of $277,000, retroactive to December 15, 2020 (the day following the Business Combination). Under the Bhat 2021 Employment Letter, Ms. Bhat is eligible for annual bonuses in the discretion of our Board. The Bhat 2021 Employment Letter provides that to receive any bonus, Ms. Bhat must be employed by the Company at the time of payment. The Bhat 2021 Employment Letter provides that Ms. Bhat may also receive, in the discretion of our Board, equity awards under the 2020 Plan or any other equity incentive plan that the Company may adopt in the future. The Bhat 2021 Employment Letter contains customary confidentiality and assignment of inventions provisions. On February 8, 2023, our compensation committee (i) awarded Ms. Bhat a $83,100 bonus for 2022, representing 30% of her then-current base salary, (ii) set Ms. Bhat’s new base salary for 2023 at $310,000, effective as of January 1, 2023, and (iii) determined that Ms. Bhat is eligible to receive a 2023 bonus at a target level of 32% of her then-current base salary, subject to the satisfaction of certain subjective and/or objective criteria established and approved by our compensation committee. On April 25, 2023, our compensation committee awarded Ms. Bhat an option to purchase 150,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $6.74 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date in accordance with the terms of our 2020 Plan. The option was immediately vested as to 50% of the shares subject thereto on the grant date, and provides for vesting as to an additional 1.389% of the shares subject thereto on the last day of each month thereafter.

Effective since April 2019, Dr. Bhat had agreed to the deferral of his past salary as necessary, without interest. Effective as of October 2, 2020, 132,506 shares of Old Reviva common stock were issued to Dr. Bhat in full satisfaction of the entire deferred salary balance owed to Dr. Bhat, pursuant to a Stock Issuance Agreement and Release.

On September 15, 2024, our Compensation Committee determined the amount of incentive bonus earned by Ms. Bhat for 2023 and awarded Dr. Bhat an option to purchase 77,843 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on September 13, 2024, in accordance with the terms of the 2020 Plan.

Participation in 2022 Offering

Vedanta Associates, LP (“VA”), an affiliate of Parag Saxena, the Chairman of our board of directors, or one or more accounts affiliated with VA (such funds or accounts, together with VA, the “Vedanta Accounts”) purchased an aggregate of $3,499,861.13 in pre-funded warrants and common warrants in a private placement which was completed in September 2022. The placement agent received the same commission on the securities purchased by the Vedanta Accounts as they did from any other securities sold to other investors in the offering.

Participation in 2023 Offering

Vedanta R2 Partners, LP (“Vedanta R2”), an investment vehicle managed by certain affiliates of Parag Saxena, the Chairman of our board of directors, of which VA is the general partner, purchased an aggregate of $3,000,000.75 in pre-funded warrants and common warrants in a registered direct offering which was completed in November 2023. The placement agent received the same commission on the securities purchased by Vedanta R2 as they did from any other securities sold to other investors in the offering.

Indemnification Agreements

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and named executive officers. These agreements require the Company to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to the Company, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. The Company also intends to enter into indemnification agreements with its future directors and executive officers. For a more fulsome description of the indemnification agreements refer to the disclosure in “Executive Compensation”.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions:

Our Board has adopted a policy that its executive officers, directors, nominees for election as a director, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of its common stock, any members of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons and any firms, corporations or other entities in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is a partner or principal or in a similar position or in which such person has a 5% or greater beneficial ownership interest (collectively “related parties”), are not permitted to enter into a transaction with the Company without the prior consent of our Board acting through the Audit Committee or, in certain circumstances, the chairman of the Audit Committee. Any request for the Company to enter into a transaction with a related party, in which the amount involved exceeds $100,000 and such related party would have a direct or indirect interest must first be presented to the Audit Committee, or in certain circumstances the chairman of the Audit Committee, for review, consideration and approval. In approving or rejecting any such proposal, the Audit Committee, or the chairman of the Audit Committee, is to consider the material facts of the transaction, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third-party under the same or similar circumstances, the extent of the benefits to us, the availability of other sources of comparable products or services and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction.

PROPOSAL 2:

RATIFY THE APPOINTMENT OF MOSS ADAMS LLP AS THE COMPANY’S INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2024

The Audit Committee has appointed Moss Adams as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, and will offer a resolution at the Annual Meeting for the Company’s stockholders to ratify the selection. Although stockholder ratification is not required, the designation of Moss Adams is being submitted for ratification at the Annual Meeting because it is perceived to be a matter of good corporate governance practice to submit this issue for ratification by stockholders. Ultimately, the Audit Committee retains full discretion and will make all determinations with respect to the appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.

Attendance at Annual Meeting

Representatives of Moss Adams are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting and will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire, and are expected to be available to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders.

Additional Information Regarding Change of Independent Auditor

Armanino LLP (“Armanino”) served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and audited the Company’s financial statements for such year.

As previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 24, 2023, the Company was informed on July 18, 2023 by Armanino, the Company’s then current independent registered public accounting firm, that Armanino would decline to stand for re-appointment after completion of Armanino’s review procedures on the unaudited financial statements of the Company as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Armanino advised the Company that its decision not to stand for reappointment was due to Armanino’s transition away from providing financial statement audit services to public companies. In light of Armanino’s determination, the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors initiated a process to select a new accounting firm to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accountant.

As previously disclosed by the Company in its Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 4, 2023 with the SEC, on October 4, 2023, the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors appointed Moss Adams LLP as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.  Moss Adams LLP’s engagement, which commenced with the audit of the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, did not affect Armanino’s review of the Company’s unaudited financial statements for the third quarter of 2023, which Armanino remained engaged to complete.  Armanino’s engagement and tenure as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm ended upon completion of Armanino’s review procedures on the unaudited financial statements of the Company as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the filing with the SEC of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for such period.

During the Company’s fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, and the subsequent interim period through October 4, 2023, the date of Moss Adams LLP’s engagement, neither the Company nor anyone acting on its behalf consulted with Moss Adams LLP regarding either of the following: (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to the Company that Moss Adams LLP concluded was an important factor considered by the Company in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue, or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement, as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions, or a “reportable event,” as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

Armanino’s audit reports on the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, except the audit report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 contained a “going concern” explanatory paragraph. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, and during the subsequent interim period through October 4, 2023, there were no (a) disagreements with Armanino on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to Armanino's satisfaction, would have caused Armanino to make reference to the subject matter thereof in connection with its reports for such periods; or (b) reportable events, as described under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

Principal Accountant Audit Fees and Services

The following table summarizes the fees for professional services provided by Moss Adams, our principal accountant, for audit services provided for, and other services provided in, the year ended December 31, 2023:

The following table summarizes the fees for professional services provided by Armanino, our previous principal accountant, for audit services provided for, and other services provided in, the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023:

Auditor Independence

In our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, there were no other professional services provided by Moss Adams that would have required our Audit Committee to consider their compatibility with maintaining the independence of Moss Adams.

Audit Committee Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Permissible Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Our Audit Committee has established a policy governing our use of the services of our independent registered public accounting firm. Under this policy, our Audit Committee is required to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in order to ensure that the provision of such services does not impair the public accountants’ independence. All fees paid to Moss Adams, for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and to Armanino, for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, were pre-approved by our Audit Committee.

Required Vote and Recommendation

In accordance with our bylaws and Delaware law, approval and adoption of this Proposal 2 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting. As a result, abstentions, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of this Proposal 2.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE FOR THE RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF MOSS ADAMS LLP AS THE COMPANY’S INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024.

PROPOSAL 3:

ADVISORY VOTE ON THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The Board has approved the compensation of our named executive officers as described in this proxy statement under “Executive Compensation” pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K. The Board and the Compensation Committee believe that our company’s compensation policies and practices are effective in achieving our goals of motivating our executive officers to further the Company’s long-term strategic plans, enhancing long-term stockholder value and attracting and retaining the highest quality executive and key employee talent available.

In accordance with applicable federal securities laws, we are asking stockholders to vote, on an advisory basis, on the approval of the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement. This vote gives you the opportunity to express your views on our executive compensation. Because your vote is advisory, it will not be binding upon the Compensation Committee or the Board. However, the Board and the Compensation Committee will review and consider the results of this vote when making future executive compensation decisions.

Proposal 3 is as follows:  

“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting, including the various compensation tables and the related narrative disclosures, is hereby approved.”

Required Vote and Recommendation

In accordance with our bylaws and Delaware law, approval and adoption of this Proposal 3 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting. As a result, abstentions and “broker non-votes”, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of this Proposal 3.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS YOU VOTE FOR THE APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF THE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

PROPOSAL 4:

ADVISORY VOTE ON FREQUENCY OF SAY-ON-PAY VOTES

As described in Proposal 3 above, our stockholders are being provided the opportunity to cast an advisory vote to approve executive compensation. The advisory vote on executive compensation described in Proposal 3 above is referred to as a “Say-on-Pay” vote. This Proposal 4 affords you the opportunity to cast an advisory vote on how often we should include a Say-on-Pay vote in our proxy materials in the future and is often referred to as a “Say-on-Frequency” vote. We are required under applicable SEC rules to hold a Say-on-Frequency vote every six years. Under this Proposal 4, stockholders may vote to have the Say-on-Pay vote every 1 year, every 2 years or every 3 years.

As with Proposal 3, your vote on this Proposal 4 is advisory and, therefore, nonbinding. However, we value your opinions, and our Board and Compensation Committee will consider the results of the Say-on-Frequency vote in making future determinations about the frequency of our Say-on-Pay votes.

After careful consideration of the frequency alternatives, our Board believes that conducting an annual “Say-on-Pay” vote is appropriate for the Company and its stockholders at this time. Our Board has determined that an annual “Say-on-Pay” vote will allow our stockholders to provide timely input on our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices as disclosed in our proxy statement.

Required Vote and Recommendation

In accordance with our bylaws and Delaware law, approval and adoption of this Proposal 4 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting. As a result, abstentions and “broker non-votes”, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of this Proposal 4.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE THAT ADVISORY VOTES ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION BE HELD EVERY YEAR.

PROPOSAL 5:

APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY’S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE OUR AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK FROM 115,000,000 TO 315,000,000

Our Board has approved, subject to shareholder approval, an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase our authorized shares of common stock from 115,000,000 to 315,000,000 (the “Charter Amendment”). The increase in our authorized shares of common stock will become effective upon the filing of the Charter Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. If the Charter Amendment to increase our authorized shares of common stock is approved by the stockholders at the Annual Meeting, we intend to file the Charter Amendment as soon as practicable following the Annual Meeting. Our board reserves the right, notwithstanding stockholder approval of the Charter Amendment and without further action by our stockholders, not to proceed with the Charter Amendment at any time before it becomes effective.

The form of Charter Amendment is set forth as Appendix A to this proxy statement (subject to any changes required by applicable law).

Outstanding Shares and Purpose of the Proposal

Our Certificate of Incorporation currently authorizes us to issue a maximum of 115,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share. As of the Record Date, we had no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding and the Charter Amendment does not affect the number of authorized shares of preferred stock. Our issued and outstanding securities, as of the record date, are as follows:

The approval of the Charter Amendment to increase our authorized shares of common stock is important for our ongoing business. Our Board believes it would be prudent and advisable to have the additional shares available to provide additional flexibility regarding the potential use of shares of common stock for business and financial purposes in the future. Having an increased number of authorized but unissued shares of common stock would allow us to take prompt action with respect to corporate opportunities that develop, without the delay and expense of convening a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of approving an increase in our authorized shares. The additional shares could be used for various purposes without further stockholder approval. These purposes may include: (i) raising capital, if we have an appropriate opportunity, through offerings of common stock or securities that are convertible into common stock; (ii) expanding our business through potential strategic transactions, including mergers, acquisitions, licensing transactions and other business combinations or acquisitions of new product candidates or products; (iii) establishing strategic relationships with other companies; (iv) exchanges of common stock or securities that are convertible into common stock for other outstanding securities; (v) providing equity incentives pursuant to our 2020 Plan, or another plan we may adopt in the future, to attract and retain employees, officers or directors; and (vi) other general corporate purposes. We intend to use the additional shares of common stock that will be available to undertake any such issuances described above. Because it is anticipated that our directors and executive officers will be granted additional equity awards under our 2020 Plan, or another plan we adopt in the future, they may be deemed to have an indirect interest in the Charter Amendment.

The increase in authorized shares of our common stock under the Charter Amendment will not have any immediate effect on the rights of existing stockholders. However, because the holders of our common stock do not have any preemptive rights, future issuance of shares of common stock or securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of common stock could have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share, book value per share, voting rights of stockholders and could have a negative effect on the price of our common stock.

Disadvantages to an increase in the number of authorized shares of our common stock may include:

We have no specific plan, commitment, arrangement, understanding or agreement, either oral or written, regarding the issuance of the proposed new authorization of common stock subsequent to this proposed increase in the number of authorized shares at this time, and we have not allocated any specific portion of the proposed increase in the authorized number of shares to any particular purpose. However, we have in the past conducted certain public and private offerings of common stock and warrants, and we will continue to require additional capital in the near future to fund our operations. As a result, it is foreseeable that we will seek to issue such additional shares of common stock in connection with any such capital raising activities, or any of the other activities described above. The Board does not intend to issue any common stock or securities convertible into common stock except on terms that the Board deems to be in the best interests of us and our stockholders. We are therefore requesting our stockholders approve this proposal to amend our Certificate of Incorporation to increase our authorized shares of common stock from 115,000,000 shares to 315,000,000 shares.

Required Vote and Recommendation

In accordance with our bylaws and Delaware law, approval and adoption of this Proposal 5 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting. As a result, abstentions, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of this Proposal 5.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE FOR THE APPROVAL OF AN AMENDMENT TO OUR CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE OUR AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK FROM 115,000,000 SHARES TO 315,000,000 SHARES.

PROPOSAL 6:

APPROVAL OF THE ADJOURNMENT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING, IF NECESSARY, TO SOLICIT ADDITIONAL PROXIES IF THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK PRESENT OR REPRESENTED BY PROXY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING AND VOTING “FOR” THE ADOPTION OF PROPOSAL 5 ARE INSUFFICIENT TO APPROVE PROPOSAL 5

Adjournment of the Annual Meeting

If the number of shares of common stock present or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and voting “FOR” the adoption of Proposal 5 are insufficient to approve Proposal 5, we may move to adjourn the Annual Meeting in order to enable the Board to solicit additional proxies in favor of the adoption of Proposal 5. In that event, we will ask stockholders to vote upon the adjournment proposal, Proposal 6, and not on Proposal 5. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

For the avoidance of doubt, any proxy authorizing the adjournment of the Annual Meeting shall also authorize successive adjournments thereof, at any meeting so adjourned, to the extent necessary for us to solicit additional proxies in favor of the adoption of any such proposal.

Required Vote and Recommendation

The approval of this Proposal 6 will require the affirmative vote of a majority of the total votes cast, represented in person or by proxy, at the Annual Meeting. As a result, abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will not affect the outcome of the vote of this proposal.

THE BOARD RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” THE ADJOURNMENT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING IF THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK PRESENT OR REPRESENTED BY PROXY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING AND VOTING “FOR” PROPOSAL 5 ARE INSUFFICIENT TO APPROVE PROPOSAL 5.

STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS

Stockholder Proposals for 2025 Annual Meeting

Any stockholder proposals submitted for inclusion in our proxy statement and form of proxy for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in reliance on Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act must be received by us no later than June , 2025 in order to be considered for inclusion in our proxy statement and form of proxy. Such proposal must also comply with the requirements as to form and substance established by the SEC if such proposals are to be included in the proxy statement and form of proxy. Any such proposal shall be mailed to: Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, California 95014, Attn.: Secretary.

Our bylaws state that a stockholder must provide timely written notice of any nominations of persons for election to our Board or any other proposal to be brought before the meeting together with supporting documentation as well as be present at such meeting, either in person or by a representative. For our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, a stockholder’s notice shall be timely received by us at our principal executive office no later than September    , 2025 and no earlier than August    , 2025; provided, however, that in the event the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is scheduled to be held more than thirty (30) days before the anniversary date of the Annual Meeting (the “Anniversary Date”) or more than sixty (60) days after the Anniversary Date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, a stockholder’s notice shall be timely if received by our Secretary at our principal executive office not later than the close of business on the later of (i) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the scheduled date of such annual meeting; and (ii) the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made by us. Proxies solicited by our Board will confer discretionary voting authority with respect to these nominations or proposals, subject to the SEC’s rules and regulations governing the exercise of this authority. Any such nomination or proposal shall be mailed to: Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, California 95014, Attn.: Secretary.

Further, if you intend to nominate a director and solicit proxies in support of such director nominee(s) at our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, you must also provide the notice and additional information required by Rule 14a-19 to: Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, California 95014, Attn.: Secretary, no later than October , 2025. This deadline under Rule 14a-19 does not supersede any of the timing requirements for advance notice under our bylaws. The supplemental notice and information required under Rule 14a-19 is in addition to the applicable advance notice requirements under our bylaws, as described in this section, and it shall not extend any such deadline set forth under our bylaws.

ANNUAL REPORT

A copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K (including our audited financial statements) filed with the SEC is enclosed herewith. Upon written request to the Company, the exhibits set forth on the exhibit index of our Annual Report on Form 10-K may be made available at reasonable charge (which will be limited to our reasonable expenses in furnishing such exhibits). Additional copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K (including our audited financial statements) may be obtained without charge by writing to Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, California 95014, Attn.: Secretary.

HOUSEHOLDING OF ANNUAL MEETING MATERIALS

Some banks, brokers and other nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of “householding” proxy statements. This means that only one copy of this proxy statement may have been sent to multiple stockholders in the same household. We will promptly deliver a separate copy of this proxy statement to any stockholder upon written or oral request to: Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., 10080 N Wolfe Rd., Suite SW3-200, Cupertino, California 95014, Attn.: Secretary, or by phone at (408) 501-8881. Any stockholder who wants to receive a separate copy of this proxy statement, or of our proxy statements or annual reports in the future, or any stockholder who is receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one copy per household, should contact the stockholder’s bank, broker, or other nominee record holder, or the stockholder may contact us at the address and phone number above.

OTHER MATTERS

As of the date of this proxy statement, the Board does not intend to present at the Annual Meeting any matters other than those described herein and does not presently know of any matters that will be presented by other parties. If any other matter requiring a vote of the stockholders should come before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the proxy to vote with respect to any such matter in accordance with the recommendation of the Board or, in the absence of such a recommendation, in accordance with the best judgment of the proxy holder.

Appendix A

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

REVIVA PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDINGS, INC.

A Delaware Corporation

Pursuant to Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, Reviva Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), does hereby certify as follows:

“The total number of shares of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is Three Hundred Twenty Five Million (325,000,000), of which (i) Three Hundred Fifteen Million (315,000,000) shares shall be a class designated as common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (ii) Ten Million (10,000,000) shares shall be a class designated as preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).”

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its Chief Executive Officer on this _____ day of _______________, 2024.