Trupanion Reports Second Quarter 2024 Results

SEATTLE, Aug. 08, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Trupanion, Inc. (NASDAQ:TRUP), the leading provider of medical insurance for cats and dogs, today announced financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024.

"Q2 was a strong quarter, benefitting from consistent revenue growth and margin expansion," said Margi Tooth, President and Chief Executive Officer of Trupanion. "We were able to once again deliver consistent subscription revenue growth while generating free cash flow of $24 million over the past 12 months. Discretionary profit from our core subscription business increased 63% in the quarter, and we look forward to gradually deploying more capital at high estimated internal rates of return, while restoring our target margins and operating within our free cash flow guardrail."

Second Quarter 2024 Financial and Business Highlights

• Total revenue was $314.8 million, an increase of 16% compared to the second quarter of 2023.
• Total enrolled pets (including pets from our other business segment) was 1,699,643 at June 30, 2024, an increase of 1% over June 30, 2023.
• Subscription business revenue was $208.6 million, an increase of 20% compared to the second quarter of 2023.
• Subscription enrolled pets was 1,020,934 at June 30, 2024, an increase of 8% over June 30, 2023.
• Net loss was $(5.9) million, or $(0.14) per basic and diluted share, compared to net loss of $(13.7) million, or $(0.33) per basic and diluted share, in the second quarter of 2023.
• Adjusted EBITDA was $7.4 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $(3.2) million in the second quarter of 2023.
• Operating cash flow was $6.9 million and free cash flow was $4.0 million in the second quarter of 2024. This compared to operating cash flow of $(3.4) million and free cash flow of $(8.1) million in the second quarter of 2023.
  
  

First Half 2024 Financial and Business Highlights

• Total revenue was $620.9 million, an increase of 18% compared to the first half of 2023.
• Subscription business revenue was $409.8 million, an increase of 21% compared to the first half of 2023.
• Net loss was $(12.7) million, or $(0.30) per basic and diluted share, compared to net loss of $(38.5) million, or $(0.93) per basic and diluted share, in the first half of 2023.
• Adjusted EBITDA was $12.2 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $(8.1) million in the first half of 2023.
• Operating cash flow was $9.3 million and free cash flow was $3.3 million in the first half of 2024. This compared to operating cash flow of $(10.3) million and free cash flow of $(20.2) million in the first half of 2023.
• At June 30, 2024, the Company held $277.2 million in cash and short-term investments, including $33.2 million held outside the insurance entities, with an additional $15 million available under its credit facility.
• The Company maintained $263.0 million of capital surplus at its insurance subsidiaries. This was $130.3 million more than the estimated risk-based capital requirement of $132.7 million.
  
  

Conference Call

Trupanion's management will host a conference call today to review its second quarter 2024 results. The call is scheduled to begin shortly after 1:30 p.m. PT/ 4:30 p.m. ET. A live webcast will be accessible through the Investor Relations section of Trupanion's website at https://investors.trupanion.com/ and will be archived online for 3 months upon completion of the conference call. Participants can access the conference call by dialing 1-877-300-8521 (United States) or 1-412-317-6026 (International). A telephonic replay of the call will also be available after the completion of the call, by dialing 1-844-512-2921 (United States) or 1-412-317-6671 (International) and entering the replay pin number: 10189970.

About Trupanion

Trupanion is the leading provider of medical insurance for over 1,000,000 cats and dogs throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, Puerto Rico and Australia. For over two decades, Trupanion has given pet owners peace of mind so they can focus on their pet's recovery, not financial stress. With its patented process, Trupanion is the only North American provider with the technology to pay veterinarians directly in seconds at the time of checkout. Trupanion is listed on NASDAQ under the symbol "TRUP". The company was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in Seattle, WA. Trupanion policies are issued, in the United States, by its wholly-owned insurance entity American Pet Insurance Company and, in Canada, by Accelerant Insurance Company of Canada. Trupanion Australia is a partnership between Trupanion and Hollard Insurance Company. For more information, please visit trupanion.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 relating to, among other things, expectations, plans, prospects and financial results for Trupanion, including, but not limited to, its expectations regarding its ability to continue to grow its enrollments and revenue, and otherwise execute its business plan. These forward-looking statements are based upon the current expectations and beliefs of Trupanion's management as of the date of this press release, and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements made in this press release are based on information available to Trupanion as of the date hereof, and Trupanion has no obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

In particular, the following factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements: the ability to achieve or maintain profitability and/or appropriate levels of cash flow in future periods; the ability to keep growing our membership base and revenue; the accuracy of assumptions used in determining appropriate member acquisition expenditures; the severity and frequency of claims; the ability to maintain high retention rates; the accuracy of assumptions used in pricing medical plan subscriptions and the ability to accurately estimate the impact of new products or offerings on claims frequency; actual claims expense exceeding estimates; regulatory and other constraints on the ability to institute, or the decision to otherwise delay, pricing modifications in response to changes in actual or estimated claims expense; the effectiveness and statutory or regulatory compliance of our Territory Partner model and of our Territory Partners, veterinarians and other third parties in recommending medical plan subscriptions to potential members; the ability to retain existing Territory Partners and increase the number of Territory Partners and active hospitals; compliance by us and those referring us members with laws and regulations that apply to our business, including the sale of a pet medical plan; the ability to maintain the security of our data; fluctuations in the Canadian currency exchange rate; the ability to protect our proprietary and member information; the ability to maintain our culture and team; the ability to maintain the requisite amount of risk-based capital; our ability to implement and maintain effective controls, including to remediate material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting; the ability to protect and enforce Trupanion's intellectual property rights; the ability to successfully implement our alliance with Aflac; the ability to continue key contractual relationships with third parties; third-party claims including litigation and regulatory actions; the ability to recognize benefits from investments in new solutions and enhancements to Trupanion's technology platform and website; our ability to retain key personnel; and deliberations and determinations by the Trupanion board based on the future performance of the company or otherwise.

For a detailed discussion of these and other cautionary statements, please refer to the risk factors discussed in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including but not limited to, Trupanion's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and any subsequently filed reports on Forms 10-Q, 10-K and 8-K. All documents are available through the SEC's Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system at https://www.sec.gov or the Investor Relations section of Trupanion's website at https://investors.trupanion.com.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Trupanion's stated results may include certain non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in its industry as other companies in its industry may calculate or use non-GAAP financial measures differently. In addition, there are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because the non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies and exclude expenses that may have a material impact on Trupanion's reported financial results. The presentation and utilization of non-GAAP financial measures is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Trupanion urges its investors to review the reconciliation of its non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in its consolidated financial statements, and not to rely on any single financial or operating measure to evaluate its business. These reconciliations are included below and on Trupanion's Investor Relations website.

Because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of equity instruments that can impact a company's non-cash expenses, Trupanion believes that providing various non-GAAP financial measures that exclude stock-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization expense allows for more meaningful comparisons between its operating results from period to period. Trupanion offsets new pet acquisition expense with sign-up fee revenue in the calculation of net acquisition cost because it collects sign-up fee revenue from new members at the time of enrollment and considers it to be an offset to a portion of Trupanion's new pet acquisition expense. Trupanion believes this allows it to calculate and present financial measures in a consistent manner across periods. Trupanion's management believes that the non-GAAP financial measures and the related financial measures derived from them are important tools for financial and operational decision-making and for evaluating operating results over different periods of time.

Trupanion, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except share data)
	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
	(unaudited)
Revenue:
Subscription business	$	208,618			$	173,253			$	409,752			$	338,463
Other business		106,182				97,313				211,169				188,432
Total revenue		314,800				270,566				620,921				526,895
Cost of revenue:
Subscription business(1)		175,740				151,520				347,871				297,611
Other business		98,791				89,673				196,554				173,565
Total cost of revenue(2)		274,531				241,193				544,425				471,176
Operating expenses:
Technology and development(1)		8,190				5,232				15,150				10,132
General and administrative(1)		15,253				13,136				29,926				34,153
New pet acquisition expense(1)		17,874				20,769				34,717				42,411
Depreciation and amortization		4,376				3,253				8,161				6,455
Total operating expenses		45,693				42,390				87,954				93,151
Loss from investment in joint venture		(47	)			(73	)			(150	)			(144	)
Operating loss		(5,471	)			(13,090	)			(11,608	)			(37,576	)
Interest expense		3,655				2,940				7,251				5,327
Other income, net		(3,220	)			(2,078	)			(6,063	)			(3,980	)
Loss before income taxes		(5,906	)			(13,952	)			(12,796	)			(38,923	)
Income tax benefit		(44	)			(238	)			(82	)			(429	)
Net loss	$	(5,862	)		$	(13,714	)		$	(12,714	)		$	(38,494	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.14	)		$	(0.33	)		$	(0.30	)		$	(0.93	)
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic and diluted		42,078,271				41,383,411				41,997,683				41,246,411
(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Cost of revenue	$	1,395			$	1,307			$	2,785			$	2,625
Technology and development		1,261				627				2,515				1,335
General and administrative		3,861				2,948				7,310				11,167
New pet acquisition expense		2,129				1,755				4,188				3,841
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	8,646			$	6,637			$	16,798			$	18,968
(2)The breakout of cost of revenue between veterinary invoice expense and other cost of revenue is as follows:
	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Veterinary invoice expense	$	231,102			$	206,738			$	464,671			$	400,875
Other cost of revenue		43,429				34,455				79,754				70,301
Total cost of revenue	$	274,531			$	241,193			$	544,425			$	471,176

Trupanion, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except share data)
	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	124,343			$	147,501
Short-term investments		152,870				129,667
Accounts and other receivables, net of allowance for credit loss of $1,019 at June 30, 2024 and $1,085 at December 31, 2023		285,944				267,899
Prepaid expenses and other assets		15,703				17,022
Total current assets		578,860				562,089
Restricted cash		23,250				22,963
Long-term investments		14,119				12,866
Property, equipment and internal-use software, net		104,022				103,650
Intangible assets, net		15,930				18,745
Other long-term assets		16,737				18,922
Goodwill		43,028				43,713
Total assets	$	795,946			$	782,948
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	6,630			$	10,505
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities		34,668				34,052
Reserve for veterinary invoices		60,574				63,238
Deferred revenue		252,583				235,329
Long-term debt - current portion		1,350				1,350
Total current liabilities		355,805				344,474
Long-term debt		127,559				127,580
Deferred tax liabilities		2,239				2,685
Other liabilities		4,495				4,487
Total liabilities		490,098				479,226
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock: $0.00001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 43,187,817 and 42,159,631 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024; 42,887,052 and 41,858,866 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023		—				—
Preferred stock: $0.00001 par value per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding		—				—
Additional paid-in capital		553,122				536,108
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,771	)			403
Accumulated deficit		(228,969	)			(216,255	)
Treasury stock, at cost: 1,028,186 shares at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023		(16,534	)			(16,534	)
Total stockholders' equity		305,848				303,722
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	795,946			$	782,948

Trupanion, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
	(unaudited)
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(5,862	)		$	(13,714	)		$	(12,714	)		$	(38,494	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		4,376				3,253				8,161				6,455
Stock-based compensation expense		8,646				6,637				16,798				18,968
Other, net		(116	)			(188	)			(318	)			(585	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables		(7,508	)			(17,337	)			(18,226	)			(33,184	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		2,010				552				2,297				(3,213	)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities		3,404				(1,316	)			(1,727	)			(6,464	)
Reserve for veterinary invoices		(1,650	)			7,833				(2,535	)			12,439
Deferred revenue		3,555				10,875				17,554				33,811
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		6,855				(3,405	)			9,290				(10,267	)
Investing activities
Purchases of investment securities		(62,056	)			(45,136	)			(81,249	)			(79,931	)
Maturities and sales of investment securities		36,673				43,859				55,678				117,652
Purchases of property, equipment, and internal-use software		(2,880	)			(4,735	)			(5,945	)			(9,919	)
Other		546				483				1,062				583
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(27,717	)			(5,529	)			(30,454	)			28,385
Financing activities
Proceeds from debt financing, net of financing fees		—				—				—				35,130
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		99				513				471				653
Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding		(343	)			(171	)			(588	)			(1,024	)
Repayments of debt financing		(337	)			(435	)			(675	)			(1,042	)
Other		(377	)			—				(452	)			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(958	)			(93	)			(1,244	)			33,717
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, net		(150	)			(184	)			(463	)			76
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(21,969	)			(9,211	)			(22,871	)			51,911
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period		169,562				145,759				170,464				84,637
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	147,593			$	136,548			$	147,593			$	136,548

The following tables set forth our key operating metrics.
	Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023
Total Business:
Total pets enrolled (at period end)		1,699,643				1,679,659
Subscription Business:
Total subscription pets enrolled (at period end)		1,020,934				943,958
Monthly average revenue per pet	$	70.76			$	64.00
Lifetime value of a pet, including fixed expenses	$	450			$	470
Average pet acquisition cost (PAC)	$	219			$	241
Average monthly retention		98.34	%			98.61	%
	Three Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024				Mar. 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2023				Sep. 30, 2023				Jun. 30, 2023				Mar. 31, 2023				Dec. 31, 2022				Sep. 30, 2022
Total Business:
Total pets enrolled (at period end)		1,699,643				1,708,017				1,714,473				1,712,177				1,679,659				1,616,865				1,537,573				1,439,605
Subscription Business:
Total subscription pets enrolled (at period end)		1,020,934				1,006,168				991,426				969,322				943,958				906,369				869,862				808,077
Monthly average revenue per pet	$	71.72			$	69.79			$	67.07			$	65.82			$	64.41			$	63.58			$	63.11			$	63.80
Lifetime value of a pet, including fixed expenses	$	450			$	428			$	419			$	428			$	470			$	541			$	641			$	673
Average pet acquisition cost (PAC)	$	231			$	207			$	217			$	212			$	236			$	247			$	283			$	268
Average monthly retention		98.34	%			98.41	%			98.49	%			98.55	%			98.61	%			98.65	%			98.69	%			98.71	%

The following table reflects the reconciliation of cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow (in thousands):
	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	6,855			$	(3,405	)		$	9,290			$	(10,267	)
Purchases of property, equipment, and internal-use software		(2,880	)			(4,735	)			(5,945	)			(9,919	)
Free cash flow	$	3,975			$	(8,140	)		$	3,345			$	(20,186	)

The following tables reflect the reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP measures (in thousands except percentages):
		Three months ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
			2024				2023				2024				2023
Veterinary invoice expense		$	231,102			$	206,738			$	464,671			$	400,875
Less:
Stock-based compensation expense(1)			(843	)			(856	)			(1,705	)			(1,695	)
Other business cost of paying veterinary invoices(4)			(75,622	)			(72,443	)			(156,836	)			(137,592	)
Subscription cost of paying veterinary invoices (non-GAAP)		$	154,637			$	133,439			$	306,130			$	261,588
% of subscription revenue			74.1	%			77.0	%			74.7	%			77.3	%
Other cost of revenue		$	43,429			$	34,455			$	79,754			$	70,301
Less:
Stock-based compensation expense(1)			(523	)			(428	)			(943	)			(876	)
Other business variable expenses(4)			(23,091	)			(17,230	)			(39,589	)			(35,973	)
Subscription variable expenses (non-GAAP)		$	19,815			$	16,797			$	39,222			$	33,452
% of subscription revenue			9.5	%			9.7	%			9.6	%			9.9	%
Technology and development expense		$	8,190			$	5,232			$	15,150			$	10,132
General and administrative expense			15,253				13,136				29,926				34,153
Less:
Stock-based compensation expense(1)			(4,949	)			(3,497	)			(9,208	)			(12,318	)
Non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses(2)			—				(65	)			—				(4,167	)
Development expenses(3)			(1,655	)			(925	)			(2,832	)			(1,823	)
Fixed expenses (non-GAAP)		$	16,839			$	13,881			$	33,036			$	25,977
% of total revenue			5.3	%			5.1	%			5.3	%			4.9	%
New pet acquisition expense		$	17,874			$	20,769			$	34,717			$	42,411
Less:
Stock-based compensation expense(1)			(2,066	)			(1,722	)			(3,923	)			(3,754	)
Other business pet acquisition expense(4)			(10	)			(62	)			(23	)			(113	)
Subscription acquisition cost (non-GAAP)		$	15,798			$	18,985			$	30,771			$	38,544
% of subscription revenue			7.6	%			11.0	%			7.5	%			11.4	%
(1) Trupanion employees may elect to take restricted stock units in lieu of cash payment for their bonuses. We account for such expense as stock-based compensation according to GAAP, but we do not include it in any non-GAAP adjustments. Stock-based compensation associated with bonuses was approximately $0.3 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. (2) Consists of business acquisition transaction expenses, severance and legal costs due to certain executive departures, and a $3.8 million non-recurring settlement of accounts receivable in the first quarter of 2023 related to uncollected premiums in connection with the transition of underwriting a third-party business to other insurers. (3) Consists of costs related to product exploration and development that are pre-revenue and historically have been insignificant. (4) Excludes the portion of stock-based compensation expense attributable to the other business segment

The following tables reflect the reconciliation of GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures (in thousands, except percentages):
	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Subscription revenue	$	208,618			$	173,253			$	409,752			$	338,463
Subscription cost of paying veterinary invoices		154,637				133,439				306,130				261,588
Subscription variable expenses		19,815				16,797				39,222				33,452
Subscription fixed expenses*		11,160				8,890				21,800				16,685
Subscription adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)	$	23,006			$	14,127			$	42,600			$	26,738
Other business revenue	$	106,182				97,313			$	211,169			$	188,432
Other business cost of paying veterinary invoices		75,622				72,443				156,836				137,592
Other business variable expenses		23,090				17,229				39,588				35,973
Other business fixed expenses*		5,679				4,991				11,236				9,292
Other business adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)	$	1,791			$	2,650			$	3,509			$	5,575
Revenue	$	314,800			$	270,566			$	620,921			$	526,895
Cost of paying veterinary invoices		230,259				205,882				462,966				399,180
Variable expenses		42,905				34,026				78,810				69,425
Fixed expenses*		16,839				13,881				33,036				25,977
Total business adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)	$	24,797			$	16,777			$	46,109			$	32,313
As a percentage of revenue:	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Subscription revenue		100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%
Subscription cost of paying veterinary invoices		74.1	%			77.0	%			74.7	%			77.3	%
Subscription variable expenses		9.5	%			9.7	%			9.6	%			9.9	%
Subscription fixed expenses*		5.3	%			5.1	%			5.3	%			4.9	%
Subscription adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)		11.0	%			8.2	%			10.4	%			7.9	%
Other business revenue		100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%
Other business cost of paying veterinary invoices		71.2	%			74.4	%			74.3	%			73.0	%
Other business variable expenses		21.7	%			17.7	%			18.7	%			19.1	%
Other business fixed expenses*		5.3	%			5.1	%			5.3	%			4.9	%
Other business adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)		1.7	%			2.7	%			1.7	%			3.0	%
Revenue		100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%
Cost of paying veterinary invoices		73.1	%			76.1	%			74.6	%			75.8	%
Variable expenses		13.6	%			12.6	%			12.7	%			13.2	%
Fixed expenses*		5.3	%			5.1	%			5.3	%			4.9	%
Total business adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)		7.9	%			6.2	%			7.4	%			6.1	%
*Fixed expenses represent shared services that support both our subscription and other business segments and, as such, are generally allocated to each segment pro-rata based on revenues.

The following tables reflect the reconciliation of GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures (in thousands, except percentages):
	Three Months Ended June 30,								Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023				2024				2023
Operating Loss	$	(5,471	)		$	(13,090	)		$	(11,608	)		$	(37,576	)
Non-GAAP expense adjustments
Acquisition cost		15,808				19,047				30,793				38,657
Stock-based compensation expense(1)		8,381				6,504				15,780				18,643
Development expenses(3)		1,656				925				2,833				1,823
Depreciation and amortization		4,376				3,253				8,161				6,455
Non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses(2)		—				65				—				4,167
Gain (loss) from investment in joint venture		(47	)			(73	)			(150	)			(144	)
Total adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)	$	24,797			$	16,777			$	46,109			$	32,313
Subscription Business:
Subscription operating loss	$	(3,420	)		$	(12,818	)		$	(7,939	)		$	(31,585	)
Non-GAAP expense adjustments
Acquisition cost		15,798				18,985				30,771				38,544
Stock-based compensation expense(1)		6,631				5,246				12,512				14,237
Development expenses(3)		1,097				590				1,871				1,171
Depreciation and amortization		2,900				2,083				5,385				4,147
Non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses(2)		—				41				—				224
Subscription adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)	$	23,006			$	14,127			$	42,600			$	26,738
Other Business:
Other business operating loss	$	(2,004	)		$	(199	)		$	(3,519	)		$	(5,847	)
Non-GAAP expense adjustments
Acquisition cost		10				62				22				113
Stock-based compensation expense(1)		1,750				1,258				3,268				4,406
Development expenses(3)		559				335				962				652
Depreciation and amortization		1,476				1,170				2,776				2,308
Non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses(2)		—				24				—				3,943
Other business adjusted operating income (non-GAAP)	$	1,790			$	2,647			$	3,510			$	5,575
(1) Trupanion employees may elect to take restricted stock units in lieu of cash payment for their bonuses. We account for such expense as stock-based compensation in accordance with GAAP, but we do not include it in any non-GAAP adjustments. Stock-based compensation associated with bonuses was approximately $0.3 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.
(2) Consists of business acquisition transaction expenses, severance and legal costs due to certain executive departures, and a $3.8 million non-recurring settlement of accounts receivable in the first quarter of 2023 related to uncollected premiums in connection with the transition of underwriting a third-party business to other insurers.
(3) As we enter the next phase of our growth, we expect to invest in initiatives that are pre-revenue, including adding new products and international expansion. These development expenses are costs related to product exploration and development that are pre-revenue and historically have been insignificant. We view these activities as uses of our adjusted operating income separate from pet acquisition spend.

Adjusted operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure that adjusts operating income (loss) to remove the effect of acquisition cost, development expenses, non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses, and gain (loss) from investment in joint venture. Non-cash items, such as stock-based compensation expense and depreciation and amortization, are also excluded. Acquisition cost, development expenses, gain (loss) from investment in joint venture, stock-based compensation expense, and depreciation and amortization are expected to remain recurring expenses for the foreseeable future, but are excluded from this metric to measure scale in other areas of the business. Management believes acquisition costs primarily represent the cost to acquire new subscribers and are driven by the amount of growth we choose to pursue based primarily on the amount of our adjusted operating income period over period. Accordingly, this measure is not indicative of our core operating income performance. We also exclude development expenses, gain (loss) from investment in joint venture, stock-based compensation expense, and depreciation and amortization because some investors may not view those items as reflective of our core operating income performance.

Management uses adjusted operating income and the margin on adjusted operating income to understand the effects of scale in its non-acquisition cost and development expenses and to plan future advertising expenditures, which are designed to acquire new pets. Management uses this measure as a principal way of understanding the operating performance of its business exclusive of acquisition cost and new product exploration and development initiatives. Management believes disclosure of this metric provides investors with the same data that the Company employs in assessing its overall operations and that disclosure of this measure may provide useful information regarding the efficiency of our utilization of revenues, return on advertising dollars in the form of new subscribers and future use of available cash to support the continued growth of our business.

The following tables reflect the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net loss (in thousands):
	Six Months Ended June 30,
		2024				2023
Net loss	$	(12,714	)		$	(38,494	)
Excluding:
Stock-based compensation expense		15,779				18,643
Depreciation and amortization expense		8,161				6,455
Interest income		(6,180	)			(3,780	)
Interest expense		7,251				5,327
Income tax benefit		(82	)			(429	)
Non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses		—				4,167
Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,215			$	(8,111	)
	Three Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024				Mar. 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2023				Sep. 30, 2023				Jun. 30, 2023				Mar. 31, 2023				Dec. 31, 2022				Sep. 30, 2022
Net loss	$	(5,862	)		$	(6,852	)		$	(2.163	)		$	(4,036	)		$	(13,714	)		$	(24,780	)		$	(9,285	)		$	(12,914	)
Excluding:
Stock-based compensation expense		8,381				7,398				6.636				6,585				6,503				12,140				8,412				8,306
Depreciation and amortization expense		4,376				3,785				3.029				2,990				3,253				3,202				2,897				2,600
Interest income		(3,135	)			(3,045	)			(2.842	)			(2,389	)			(2,051	)			(1,729	)			(1,614	)			(1,018	)
Interest expense		3,655				3,596				3.697				3,053				2,940				2,387				1,587				1,408
Income tax expense (benefit)		(44	)			(38	)			130				(43	)			(238	)			(191	)			(15	)			496
Non-recurring transaction or restructuring expenses		—				—				—				8				65				4,102				193				179
(Gain) loss from equity method investment		—				—				—				(110	)			—				—				—				—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	7,371			$	4,844			$	8.487			$	6,058			$	(3,242	)		$	(4,869	)		$	2,175			$	(943	)

Contacts:

Investors:

Laura Bainbridge, Senior Vice President, Corporate Communications

Gil Melchior, Director, Investor Relations

[email protected]

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/0c2f42a0-da73-4962-8628-05edda336748