AXT, Inc. Announces Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results

AXT, Inc. (NASDAQ:AXTI), a leading manufacturer of compound semiconductor wafer substrates, today reported financial results for the second quarter, ended June 30, 2025.

Management Qualitative Comments

"Our substrate revenue increased in Q2 from the prior quarter, though the increase was less than we had expected as a result of longer processing times for gallium arsenide export permits, coupled with some sluggishness in the demand environment in China, which also affected our raw material business," said Morris Young, chief executive officer. "That said, we made good progress in driving recovery in our gross margins, with a strong focus on our manufacturing process and efficiency. We also saw healthy growth in AI-related demand for indium phosphide in China and, as a result of obtaining our first export permits in June, were able to ship initial orders of indium phosphide substrates to customers outside of China. Our competitive positioning continues to be enhanced by superior product performance in key specifications such as low etch pit density, or EPD, and we are working diligently to support the next-generation technology requirements of our global customer base."

Second Quarter 2025 Results

• Revenue for the second quarter of 2025 was $18.0 million, compared with $19.4 million for the first quarter of 2025 and $27.9 million for the second quarter of 2024.
• GAAP gross margin was 8.0 percent of revenue for the second quarter of 2025, compared with (6.4) percent of revenue for the first quarter of 2025 and 27.4 percent for the second quarter of 2024.
• Non-GAAP gross margin, after excluding charges for stock-based compensation, was 8.2 percent of revenue for the second quarter of 2025, compared with (6.1) percent of revenue for the first quarter of 2025 and 27.6 percent for the second quarter of 2024.
• GAAP net loss, after minority interests, for the second quarter of 2025 was a net loss of $7.0 million, or $0.16 per share, compared with a net loss of $8.8 million, or $0.20 per share, for the first quarter of 2025 and a net loss of $1.5 million, or $0.04 per share, for the second quarter of 2024.
• Non-GAAP net loss for the second quarter of 2025 was a net loss of $6.4 million, or $0.15 per share, compared with a net loss of $8.2 million, or $0.19 per share, for the first quarter of 2025 and a net loss of $0.8 million, or $0.02 per share, for the second quarter of 2024.

STAR Market Listing Update

On January 10, 2022, AXT announced that Beijing Tongmei Xtal Technology Co., Ltd. ("Tongmei"), its subsidiary in Beijing, China, submitted to the Shanghai Stock Exchange (the "SSE") its application to list its shares in an initial public offering (the "IPO") on the SSE's Sci-Tech innovAtion boaRd (the "STAR Market") and the application was accepted for review. Subsequently, Tongmei responded to several rounds of questions received from the SSE. On July 12, 2022, the SSE approved the listing of Tongmei's shares in an IPO on the STAR Market. On August 1, 2022, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the "CSRC") accepted for review Tongmei's IPO application. The STAR Market IPO remains subject to review and approval by the CSRC and other authorities. The process of going public on the STAR Market includes several periods of review and, therefore, is a lengthy process. Subject to review and approval by the CSRC and other authorities, Tongmei hopes to accomplish this goal in the coming months. AXT has posted a brief summary of the plan and the process on its website at https://investors.axt.com.

Conference Call

The company will host a conference call to discuss these results today at 1:30 p.m. PT. The conference call can be accessed at (800) 715-9871 (passcode 4378083). The call will also be simulcast at www.axt.com. Replays will be available at (800) 770-2030 (Playback ID: 4378083 followed by # key) until August 7, 2025. Financial and statistical information to be discussed in the call will be available on the company's website immediately prior to commencement of the call. Additional investor information can be accessed at http://www.axt.com or by calling the company's Investor Relations Department at (510) 438-4700.

About AXT, Inc.

AXT is a material science company that develops and manufactures high-performance compound and single element semiconductor substrate wafers comprising indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and germanium (Ge). The company's substrate wafers are used when a typical silicon substrate wafer cannot meet the performance requirements of a semiconductor or optoelectronic device. End markets include 5G infrastructure, data center connectivity (silicon photonics), passive optical networks, LED lighting, lasers, sensors, power amplifiers for wireless devices and satellite solar cells. AXT's worldwide headquarters are in Fremont, California where the company maintains sales, administration and customer service functions. AXT has its Asia headquarters in Beijing, China and manufacturing facilities in three separate locations in China. In addition, as part of its supply chain strategy, the company has partial ownership in ten companies in China producing raw materials for its manufacturing process. For more information, see AXT's website at https://investors.axt.com.

Safe Harbor Statement

The foregoing paragraphs contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Federal securities laws, including, for example, statements regarding the timing and completion of the proposed listing of shares of Tongmei on the STAR Market. Additional examples of forward-looking statements include statements regarding the market demand for our products, our product mix, our growth prospects and opportunities for continued business expansion, including technology trends, new applications and the ramping of Tier-1 customers, our market opportunity, our ability to lead our industry, our relocation, our expectations with respect to our business prospects and financial results, including our gross margin performance, and our development of larger diameter substrates that we believe will enable the next generation of technology innovation across a number of end-markets. These forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to the company's operations and business environment, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements contained in the foregoing discussion. These uncertainties and factors include but are not limited to: the requests for redemptions by private equity funds in China of investments in Tongmei, the administrative challenges in satisfying the requirements of various government agencies in China in connection with the listing of shares of Tongmei on the STAR Market, continued open access to companies to list shares on the STAR Market, investor enthusiasm for new listings of shares on the STAR Market and geopolitical tensions between China and the United States. Additional uncertainties and factors include, but are not limited to: the timing and receipt of significant orders; the cancellation of orders and return of product; emerging applications using chips or devices fabricated on our substrates; end-user acceptance of products containing chips or devices fabricated on our substrates; our ability to bring new products to market; product announcements by our competitors; the ability to control costs and improve efficiency; the ability to utilize our manufacturing capacity; product yields and their impact on gross margins; the relocation of manufacturing lines and ramping of production; possible factory shutdowns as a result of air pollution in China or COVID-19; COVID-19 or other outbreaks of a contagious disease; tariffs and other trade war issues; the financial performance of our partially owned supply chain companies; policies and regulations in China; and other factors as set forth in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Each of these factors is difficult to predict and many are beyond the company's control. The company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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Gary Fischer

Chief Financial Officer

(510) 438-4700

Leslie Green

Green Communications Consulting, LLC

(650) 312-9060