Fluent Announces Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results; Commerce Media Solutions Annual Revenue Run Rate Exceeds $85 Million and Represents 40% of Consolidated Revenue

	•	Q3 2025 revenue of $47.0 million; YTD 2025 revenue of $146.9 million
	•	Q3 2025 Commerce Media Solutions revenue grew 81% to $18.8 million, representing 40% of consolidated revenue from $10.4 million or 16% of consolidated revenue in Q3 2024
	•	Commerce Media Solutions annual revenue run rate now exceeds $85 million, with gross margin of 22% reflecting a sequential improvement of 400 basis points compared to Q2 2025
	•	Expect adjusted EBITDA profitability in Q4 2025 as well as full-year double-digit revenue growth and full-year adjusted EBITDA profitability in 2026

NEW YORK, Nov. 13, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Fluent, Inc. (NASDAQ:FLNT), a commerce media solutions provider, today reported unaudited financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2025.

Don Patrick, Chief Executive Officer of Fluent, commented, "Our Commerce Media Solutions business achieved strong growth in the third quarter, representing 40% of total revenue compared with 16% in the third quarter of 2024. Moreover, Commerce Media Solutions' annual revenue run rate now exceeds $85 million, with gross margins of 22% in this segment reflecting a sequential improvement of around 400 basis points when compared to the second quarter of 2025. As we progress through the balance of the year, we believe that Commerce Media Solutions is well positioned to achieve full-year triple digit growth when compared to full year 2024, and is expected to surpass our legacy Owned and Operated business as the main contributor to consolidated revenues in the fourth quarter of 2025, supported by the seasonal boost of the holidays.

Mr. Patrick continued, "We entered several new and exciting partnerships in the quarter including ones with Authentic Brands, a leading sports, lifestyle, and entertainment brand owner generating more than $32 billion in global annual retail sales, and Databricks, which significantly expands our data intelligence and data collaboration capabilities. In conjunction with the Databricks partnership, we brought on a key new leadership hire to help scale these capabilities, which we expect to strengthen and enhance the performance of Commerce Media Solutions. Rebuy Monetize powered by Fluent also continues to perform well as this partnership scales across the Shopify platform, where we saw more than one million ad unit sessions in September alone, representing a 79% increase on a month-over-month basis.

Mr. Patrick concluded, "Overall, we're pleased with our third quarter results and the progress that we continue to make as we execute on our long-term growth strategy. With our visibility today, we expect to achieve adjusted EBITDA profitability in the fourth quarter of 2025, as well as full-year double-digit consolidated revenue growth and full-year adjusted EBITDA profitability in 2026."

Third Quarter Financial Highlights

•	Revenue of $47.0 million, a decrease of 27%, compared to $64.5 million in Q3 2024  • Owned and Operated revenue decreased 52% to $20.7 million compared to $43.5 million in Q3 2024, as the Company continued its shift in focus and revenue mix to Commerce Media Solutions  • Commerce Media Solutions revenue increased 81% to $18.8 million, compared to $10.4 million in Q3 2024
•	Net loss of $7.6 million, or $0.27 per share, compared to a net loss of $7.9 million, or $0.48 per share, for Q3 2024.
•	Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) of $10.9 million, a decrease of 31% compared to Q3 2024 and representing 23% of revenue. Commerce Media Solutions reported gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) of $4.1 million, an increase of 27% over Q3 2024 and representing 22% of revenue for Q3 2025.
•	Media margin of $12.8 million, a decrease of 30% compared to Q3 2024 and representing 27% of revenue. Commerce Media Solutions reported media margin of $4.6 million, an increase of 32% over Q3 2024 and representing 25% of revenue for Q3 2025.
•	Adjusted EBITDA loss of $3.4 million, a decrease of $3.3 million, compared to Q3 2024 and representing 7% of revenue
•	Adjusted net loss of $6.5 million, or $0.23 per share, compared to $3.7 million, or $0.22 per share, for Q3 2024

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Financial Highlights

•	Revenue of $146.9 million, a decrease of 22%, compared to $189.2 million in Q3 2024  • Owned and Operated revenue decreased 44% to $73.2 million compared to $130.2 million in YTD 2024, as the Company continued its shift in focus and revenue mix to the more predictable commerce media business  • Commerce Media Solutions revenue increased 98% to $47.5 million compared to $24.0 million in YTD 2024
•	Net loss of $23.0 million, or $0.94 per share, compared to a net loss of $25.8 million, or $1.75 per share, for YTD 2024.
•	Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) of $32.6 million, a decrease of 31% compared to YTD 2024 and representing 22% of revenue. Commerce Media Solutions reported gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) of $9.8 million, an increase of 38% over YTD 2024 and representing 21% of Commerce Media Solutions revenue.
•	Media margin of $38.5 million, a decrease of 31% compared to YTD 2024 and representing 26% of revenue. Commerce Media Solutions reported media margin of $10.9 million, an increase of 42% over YTD 2024 and representing 23% of revenue.
•	Adjusted EBITDA of negative $9.2 million, a decrease of $5.3 million compared to YTD 2024 and representing 6% of revenue
•	Adjusted net loss of $19.0 million, or $0.78 per share, compared to $15.2 million, or $1.03 per share, for YTD 2024

Media margin, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted net income are non-GAAP financial measures, as defined and reconciled below.

Business Outlook & Goals

•	Accelerate growth of Fluent's Commerce Media Solutions business and establish it as a leader in the performance marketing sector among both media partners and advertisers to capitalize on the growing demand for this advertising channel across numerous high-volume market verticals.
•	Win top-tier media partners in new, diverse market verticals that demonstrate Fluent's depth and breadth of commerce media offerings in this competitive, high growth market.
•	Leverage 14-year leadership position at the forefront of customer acquisition and robust database of first-party user data to differentiate Fluent from competitors in the commerce media space.
•	Position Fluent for long-term sustainable value creation supported by the growth of Commerce Media Solutions, which continues to grow at a triple-digit rate and scale as a percentage of consolidated revenue.
•	Leverage AI capabilities and proprietary first-party data to improve monetization of commerce media placements and return Commerce Media Solutions gross margin to the high twenties.
•	Given current visibility, the Company expects adjusted EBITDA profitability in the fourth quarter of 2025, as well as full-year double-digit consolidated revenue growth and full-year adjusted EBITDA profitability in 2026.

Conference Call

Fluent, Inc. will host a conference call on Thursday, November 14, 2025, at 4:30 PM ET to discuss its 2025 third quarter financial results. The conference call can be accessed by phone after registering online at https://register-conf.media-server.com/register/BIbb274d716bf54ff8a884c69d79300423. The call will also be webcast simultaneously on the Fluent website at https://investors.fluentco.com/. Following the completion of the earnings call, a recorded replay of the webcast will be available for those unable to participate. To listen to the telephone replay, please connect via https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/3q2n32pp. The replay will be available for one year, via the Fluent website https://investors.fluentco.com.

About Fluent, Inc.

Fluent, Inc. (NASDAQ:FLNT) is a commerce media solutions provider connecting top-tier brands with highly engaged consumers. Leveraging exclusive ad inventory, robust first-party data, and proprietary machine learning, Fluent unlocks additional revenue streams for partners and empowers advertisers to acquire their most valuable customers at scale. Founded in 2010, Fluent uses its deep expertise in performance marketing to drive monetization and increase engagement at key touchpoints across the customer journey. For more insights visit http://www.fluentco.com/.

Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

The matters contained in this press release may be considered to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations or anticipations of Fluent and members of our management team. Factors currently known to management that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include the following:

	•	Compliance with the covenants of our credit agreement in light of current business conditions, the current uncertainty of which raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern;
	•	Ability to operate in a competitive, rapidly changing and highly regulated industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects;
	•	Dependence on the gaming industry;
	•	Unfavorable publicity and negative public perception about the digital marketing industry or us;
	•	A sudden reduction in online marketing spend by our clients, a loss of clients or lower advertising yields;
	•	Credit risk from certain clients;
	•	Our relative inexperience in the post-transaction commerce media business, which is currently dominated by a major player;
	•	Investment in growing our Commerce Media Solutions business may continue to compress margins, and our ability to improve profitability over time is uncertain;
	•	Our need to continue investing in technology for our Commerce Media Solutions business;
	•	Our competitive disadvantage due to our more selective approach to traffic sources;
	•	A decline in the supply of media available to us through third parties or an increase in the price of such media;
	•	Potential loss of competitiveness from slow mobile adoption and CRM dependence;
	•	Our growing reliance on inbound calls for our Call Solutions business, particularly in the health plan vertical, which may become cost-prohibitive to sustain;
	•	Challenges scaling infrastructure and products to support growth while maintaining profitability;
	•	Global economic or political instability, including the potential impact of tariffs on our business;
	•	Challenges managing the complexity of our international operations and workforce;
	•	Strategic alternatives that could complicate operations or divert management's attention;
	•	Dependence on our key personnel and ability to attract or retain employees;
	•	Dependence upon third-party service providers and potential liability related to their actions or platform malfunctions;
	•	Compliance with a significant number of governmental laws and regulations, including those regarding telemarketing, email marketing, text messaging, privacy, and data protection;
	•	The outcome of litigation, inquiries, investigations, examinations, or other legal proceedings in which we are or may become involved, or in which our clients or competitors are involved;
	•	Potential sales and use taxes and other taxes on our business;
	•	Our actual or perceived failure to safeguard any personal information or user privacy;
	•	Failure to adequately protect intellectual property rights or allegations of infringement of intellectual property rights;
	•	Potential liability or expenses for legal claims based on the nature and content of the materials we create or distribute, including those provided by third parties, as a creator and a distributor of digital media content;
	•	Our need to raise capital to fund our operations;
	•	Our ability to maintain our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market;
	•	The volatility of our stock price and concentration of stock ownership;
	•	Potential dilutive effect of any future issuances of shares of our common stock;
	•	Lack of cash dividends for the foreseeable future; and
	•	Status of a smaller reporting company and non-accelerated filer, which involves certain reduced governance and disclosure requirements.

These and additional factors to be considered are set forth under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Fluent undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results or expectations, except as required by law.

FLUENT, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) (unaudited)
		September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	9,247			$	9,439
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $416 and $487, respectively			32,129				46,532
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			8,170				8,729
Current restricted cash			—				1,255
Total current assets			49,546				65,955
Non-current restricted cash			710				—
Property and equipment, net			140				304
Operating lease right-of-use assets			3,039				1,570
Intangible assets, net			18,861				21,797
Other non-current assets			3,764				3,991
Total assets		$	76,060			$	93,617
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Accounts payable		$	9,383			$	8,776
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			15,307				21,905
Deferred revenue			474				556
Current portion of long-term debt			22,165				31,609
Current portion of operating lease liability			1,087				1,836
Total current liabilities			48,416				64,682
Long-term debt, net			—				250
Convertible Notes, at fair value with related parties			3,876				3,720
Operating lease liability, net			2,182				9
Other non-current liabilities			—				1
Total liabilities			54,474				68,662
Contingencies (Note 10)
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock — $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 Shares authorized; Shares outstanding — 0 shares for both periods			—				—
Common stock — $0.0005 par value, 200,000,000 Shares authorized; Shares issued — 30,287,597 and 20,791,431, respectively; and Shares outstanding — 29,519,002 and 20,022,836, respectively			53				47
Treasury stock, at cost — 768,595 and 768,595 Shares, respectively			(11,407	)			(11,407	)
Additional paid-in capital			466,783				447,110
Accumulated deficit			(433,843	)			(410,795	)
Total shareholders' equity			21,586				24,955
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		$	76,060			$	93,617

FLUENT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) (unaudited)
		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				2025				2024
Revenue		$	47,029			$	64,516			$	146,945			$	189,216
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)			36,155				48,861				114,356				142,318
Sales and marketing			3,513				3,983				10,801				13,400
Product development			2,623				4,124				8,962				13,681
General and administrative			8,563				9,067				25,893				28,288
Depreciation and amortization			2,478				2,369				7,418				7,507
Goodwill and intangible assets impairment			—				—				—				2,241
Total costs and expenses			53,332				68,404				167,430				207,435
Loss from operations			(6,303	)			(3,888	)			(20,485	)			(18,219	)
Interest expense, net			(711	)			(1,281	)			(2,293	)			(3,711	)
Fair value adjustment of Convertible Notes with related parties			(554	)			(2,810	)			(156	)			(2,810	)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt			—				—				—				(1,009	)
Loss before income taxes			(7,568	)			(7,979	)			(22,934	)			(25,749	)
Income tax benefit (expense)			12				35				(114	)			(98	)
Net loss		$	(7,556	)		$	(7,944	)		$	(23,048	)		$	(25,847	)
Basic and diluted loss per share:
Basic		$	(0.27	)		$	(0.48	)		$	(0.94	)		$	(1.75	)
Diluted		$	(0.27	)		$	(0.48	)		$	(0.94	)		$	(1.75	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic			28,097,016				16,452,273				24,497,510				14,783,253
Diluted			28,097,016				16,452,273				24,497,510				14,783,253

FLUENT, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts in thousands) (unaudited)
		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss		$	(23,048	)		$	(25,847	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			7,418				7,507
Non-cash loan amortization expense			563				1,202
Non-cash gain on contingent consideration			—				(250	)
Non-cash loss on early extinguishment of debt			—				1,009
Share-based compensation expense			1,144				1,490
Fair value adjustment of Convertible Notes with related parties			156				2,810
Goodwill impairment			—				1,261
Impairment of intangible assets			—				980
Non-cash loss on asset write-off			698				—
Allowance for credit losses			(23	)			412
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable			14,426				3,359
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			459				(1,542	)
Other non-current assets			189				280
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net			(45	)			(242	)
Accounts payable			607				(3,052	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			(6,718	)			(510	)
Deferred revenue			(82	)			185
Other			(1	)			(1,015	)
Net cash used in operating activities			(4,257	)			(11,963	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capitalized costs included in intangible assets			(4,843	)			(4,727	)
Acquisition of property and equipment			(48	)			(1	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(4,891	)			(4,728	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of debt financing costs			43,726				54,617
Repayments of long-term debt			(53,445	)			(56,214	)
Debt financing costs			(375	)			(1,625	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants			19,370				10,000
Equity financing costs			(865	)			(100	)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants			—				1
Proceeds from Convertible Notes, with related parties			—				2,050
Net cash provided by financing activities			8,411				8,729
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash			(737	)			(7,962	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period			10,694				15,804
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period		$	9,957			$	7,842

Definitions, Reconciliations and Uses of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following non-GAAP measures are used in this release:

Media margin is defined as that portion of gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) reflecting variable costs paid for media and related expenses and excluding non-media cost of revenue. Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) represents revenue minus cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Media margin is also presented for Commerce Media Solutions business and as percentages of revenue of the consolidated company and of the Commerce Media Solutions business, respectively.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), excluding (1) income taxes, (2) interest expense, net, (3) depreciation and amortization, (4) share-based compensation expense, (5) loss on early extinguishment of debt, (6) goodwill impairment, (7) impairment of intangible assets, (8) fair value adjustment of Convertible Notes with related parties, (9) acquisition-related costs, (10) restructuring and other severance costs, and (11) certain litigation and other related costs.

Adjusted net income is defined as net income (loss) excluding (1) share-based compensation expense, (2) loss on early extinguishment of debt, (3) goodwill impairment, (4) impairment of intangible assets, (5) fair value adjustment of Convertible Notes with related parties (6) acquisition-related costs, (7) restructuring and other severance costs, and (8) certain litigation and other related costs. Adjusted net income is also presented on a per share (basic and diluted) basis.

Below is a reconciliation of media margin from gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), which we believe is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except percentages)		2025				2024				2025				2024
Revenue		$	47,029			$	64,516			$	146,945			$	189,216
Less: Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)			36,155				48,861				114,356				142,318
Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		$	10,874			$	15,655			$	32,589			$	46,898
Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) % of revenue			23	%			24	%			22	%			25	%
Non-media cost of revenue(1)			1,923				2,505				5,882				9,066
Media margin		$	12,797			$	18,160			$	38,471			$	55,964
Media margin % of revenue			27	%			28	%			26	%			30	%

⁽¹⁾ Represents the portion of cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) not attributable to variable costs paid for media and related expenses.

Below is a reconciliation of media margin from gross profit for Commerce Media Solutions (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for Commerce Media Solutions, which we believe is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except percentages)		2025				2024				2025				2024
Revenue		$	18,808			$	10,363			$	47,548			$	24,032
Less: Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)			14,721				7,135				37,768				16,961
Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		$	4,087			$	3,228			$	9,780			$	7,071
Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) % of revenue			22	%			31	%			21	%			29	%
Non-media cost of revenue(1)			524				260				1,159				635
Media margin		$	4,611			$	3,488			$	10,939			$	7,706
Media margin % of revenue			25	%			34	%			23	%			32	%

⁽¹⁾ Represents the portion of cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) not attributable to variable costs paid for media and related expenses.

Below is a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA from net loss, which we believe is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)		2025				2024				2025				2024
Net loss		$	(7,556	)		$	(7,944	)		$	(23,048	)		$	(25,847	)
Income tax (benefit) expense			(12	)			(35	)			114				98
Interest expense, net			711				1,281				2,293				3,711
Depreciation and amortization			2,478				2,369				7,418				7,507
Share-based compensation expense			478				460				1,144				1,490
Loss on early extinguishment of debt			—				—				—				1,009
Goodwill impairment			—				—				—				1,261
Impairment of intangible assets			—				—				—				980
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment			—				—				—				—
Fair value adjustment of Convertible Notes with related parties			554				2,810				156				2,810
Acquisition-related costs(1)			(20	)			443				1,074				1,250
Restructuring and other severance costs			—				545				1,325				1,821
Certain litigation and other related costs			—				—				300				—
Adjusted EBITDA		$	(3,367	)		$	(71	)		$	(9,224	)		$	(3,910	)

(1	)	Balance includes compensation expense related to non-compete agreements and earn-out expense incurred as a result of business combinations, and non-cash loss on asset write-offs. The earn-out expense was ($20) and $30 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and ($148) and $167 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The non-compete agreements expense was $0 and $413 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $412 and $1,238 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; there were other amounts of acquisition-related costs of $112 and ($155) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income and the related measure of adjusted net income per share from net income (loss), which we believe is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)		2025				2024				2025				2024
Net loss		$	(7,556	)		$	(7,944	)		$	(23,048	)		$	(25,847	)
Share-based compensation expense			478				460				1,144				1,490
Loss on early extinguishment of debt			—				—				—				1,009
Goodwill impairment			—				—				—				1,261
Impairment of intangible assets			—				—				—				980
Fair value adjustment of Convertible Notes with related parties			554				2,810				156				2,810
Acquisition-related costs(1)			(20	)			443				1,074				1,250
Restructuring and other severance costs			—				545				1,325				1,821
Certain litigation and other related costs			—				—				300				—
Adjusted net loss		$	(6,544	)		$	(3,686	)		$	(19,049	)		$	(15,226	)
Adjusted net loss per share:
Basic		$	(0.23	)		$	(0.22	)		$	(0.78	)		$	(1.03	)
Diluted		$	(0.23	)		$	(0.22	)		$	(0.78	)		$	(1.03	)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic			28,097,016				16,452,273				24,497,510				14,783,253
Diluted			28,097,016				16,452,273				24,497,510				14,783,253

(1	)	Balance includes compensation expense related to non-compete agreements and earn-out expense incurred as a result of business combinations, and non-cash loss on asset write-offs. The earn-out expense was ($20) and $30 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and ($148) and $167 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The non-compete agreements expense was $0 and $413 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $412 and $1,238 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; there were other amounts of acquisition-related costs of $112 and ($155) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We present media margin, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted net income as supplemental measures of our financial and operating performance because we believe they provide useful information to investors. More specifically:

Media margin, as defined above, is a measure of the efficiency of the Company's operating model. We use media margin and the related measure of media margin as a percentage of revenue as primary metrics to measure the financial return on our media and related costs, specifically to measure the degree by which the revenue generated from our digital marketing services exceeds the cost to attract the consumers to whom offers are made through our services. Media margin is used extensively by our management to manage our consolidated operating performance, including evaluating operational performance against budgeted media margin and understanding the efficiency of our media and related expenditures. We also use media margin for performance evaluations and compensation decisions regarding certain personnel.

Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, is another primary metric by which we evaluate the operating performance of our business, on which certain operating expenditures and internal budgets are based and by which, in addition to media margin and other factors, our senior management is compensated. The first three adjustments represent the conventional definition of EBITDA, and the remaining adjustments are items recognized and recorded under U.S. GAAP in particular periods but might be viewed as not necessarily coinciding with the underlying business operations for the periods in which they are so recognized and recorded. These adjustments include certain litigation and other related costs associated with legal matters outside the ordinary course of business, including costs and accruals related to matters as described below. We consider items one-time in nature if they are non-recurring, infrequent or unusual and have not occurred in the past two years or are not expected to recur in the next two years, in accordance with SEC rules.

Adjusted net income (loss), as defined above, and the related measure of adjusted net income (loss) per share exclude certain items that are recognized and recorded under U.S. GAAP in particular periods but might be viewed as not necessarily coinciding with the underlying business operations for the periods in which they are so recognized and recorded. We believe adjusted net income (loss) affords investors a different view of the overall financial performance of the Company than adjusted EBITDA and the U.S. GAAP measure of net income (loss).

Media margin, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, and adjusted net income per share are non-GAAP financial measures with certain limitations regarding their usefulness. They do not reflect our financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as they do not include the impact of certain expenses that are reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Accordingly, these metrics are not indicative of our overall results or indicators of past or future financial performance. Further, they are not financial measures of profitability and are neither intended to be used as a proxy for the profitability of our business nor to imply profitability. The way we measure media margin, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted net income may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies and may not be identical to corresponding measures used in our various agreements.

Annual Revenue Run Rate

Annual Revenue Run Rate is an operational metric that represents the annualized revenue of the Company's media partnerships at current monetization levels, as of the end of the reporting period. The Company calculates Annual Revenue Run Rate as follows:

•	Media partners within Commerce Media Solutions with an active contract are assessed and assigned an annual media volume estimate based on the active term of the contract and the monetization rate at the end of the reporting period. The Company considers a media partner contract to be active when the contractual term commences (the "start date") until its right to serve the partner's commerce traffic ends. Even if the contract with the customer is executed before the start date, the contract will not count toward Annual Revenue Run Rate until the media partner's right to receive the benefit of the services has commenced.
•	As Annual Revenue Run Rate includes only contracts that are active at the end of the reporting period, it does not reflect assumptions or estimates regarding new business. For contracts expiring within 12 months of the period-end calculation date, Annual Revenue Run Rate does reflect expectations of renewal.
•	The Company's Commerce Media Solutions platform provides the technology to effectively monetize the partner's media by placing relevant ads at a contracted moment of consumer engagement. Although from inception to date, improvements in the platform's AI-powered technology have consistently driven increased rates of monetization, for the purpose of Annual Revenue Run Rate, the Company assumes a consistent monetization level to that as measured on each media partner at the end of the reporting period.

The way the Company measures Annual Revenue Run Rate may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies and should not be viewed as a projection of future revenue.

Contact Information: 

Investor Relations

Fluent, Inc.

[email protected]