SEC Form 10-Q filed by Foghorn Therapeutics Inc.
$FHTX
Biotechnology: Pharmaceutical Preparations
Health Care
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
______________________
FORM 10-Q
_____________________
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from __________________ to __________________
Commission File Number: 001-39634
______________________
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
______________________
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 617 -586-3100
______________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | ||||||||
| x | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of May 6, 2025, the registrant had 55,741,373 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
i
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
•the initiation, timing, progress, enrollment, results, and timing of results and regulatory filings of our research and development programs and our preclinical and clinical studies, including preclinical programs partnered under our collaboration with Eli Lilly and Company (“Lilly”);
•our ability to advance any product candidates that we may develop and to successfully complete preclinical and clinical studies;
•our ability to leverage our initial programs to develop additional product candidates using our Gene Traffic Control® platform;
•developments related to our competitors and our industry;
•our ability to expand the target populations of our programs and the availability of patients for clinical testing;
•our ability to obtain regulatory approval for FHD-909 and any future product candidates from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) and other regulatory authorities;
•our ability to identify and enter into future license agreements and collaborations;
•our ability to continue to rely on our contract development and manufacturing organizations (“CDMOs”) or contract research organizations (“CROs”), including those located outside the United States, such as those located in China, for our manufacturing and research needs;
•regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;
•general financial and economic conditions, including recessionary conditions, interest rates, monetary fluctuations, supply chain constraints, tariff uncertainty, and stock market volatility;
•the impact of inflation, interest rates, and stock market volatility on our operation and our ability to raise additional capital;
•the expected trends in our expenses and capital requirements as they relate to our ongoing activities;
•geopolitical instability and armed conflict, including those in Asia, Ukraine, Gaza, and the Red Sea;
•our ability to attract and retain key scientific and management personnel; and
•the scope of protection we are able to establish, maintain and enforce for intellectual property rights covering FHD-909, our future products and our Gene Traffic Control platform.
The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions and are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risks and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.
1
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Foghorn Therapeutics Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Marketable securities | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue, net of current portion | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ deficit: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
Common stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive gain | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ deficit | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
Foghorn Therapeutics Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other income, net: | |||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||
| Other income, net | |||||||||||
| Total other income, net | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted | |||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss: | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Other comprehensive gain (loss): | |||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities | ( | ||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive gain (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Foghorn Therapeutics Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gain | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses on marketable securities | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on marketable securities | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Foghorn Therapeutics Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||
| Noncash lease expense | |||||||||||
| Accretion of discount on marketable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchases of marketable securities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure and noncash investing and financing information: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for taxes | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Asset acquired in finance lease | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Foghorn Therapeutics Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Nature of Business, Going Concern and Basis of Presentation
Nature of Business
Foghorn Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company discovering and developing a new class of medicines targeting genetically determined dependencies within the chromatin regulatory system. The Company uses its proprietary Gene Traffic Control platform to identify, validate and potentially drug targets within the system. The Company was founded in October 2015 as a Delaware corporation. The Company is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The Company is subject to risks similar to those of other clinical-stage companies in the biopharmaceutical industry, including dependence on key individuals, the need to develop commercially viable products, competition from other companies, many of whom are larger and better capitalized, and the need to obtain adequate additional financing to fund the development of its products. There can be no assurance that the Company’s research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate protection for the Company’s intellectual property will be maintained, that any products developed will obtain required regulatory approval or that any approved products will be commercially viable. Even if the Company’s development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will generate significant revenue from the sale of its products.
In May 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Jefferies LLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and Evercore Group LLC relating to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 12,743,039 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.51 per share to certain investors. In addition, the Company issued and sold pre-funded warrants to purchase 7,220,794 shares of its common stock (the “Pre-funded Warrants”) at a public offering price of $5.5099 per pre-funded warrant, which equals the public offering price per share of the common stock less the $0.0001 exercise price per share of each pre-funded warrant. The offering closed on May 22, 2024, resulting in net proceeds of $102.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses.
Going concern
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Since inception, the Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from sales of preferred stock, upfront and milestone payments from collaboration agreements, public offerings and a stock purchase agreement. The Company has incurred recurring losses, including net losses of $18.8 million and $25.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $577.0 million. The Company expects to continue to generate operating losses in the foreseeable future. As of the issuance date of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements the Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months.
The Company will need to obtain additional funding through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and/or licensing arrangements to continue to fund its operations. The Company may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, and the Company may not be able to enter into collaborative or strategic alliances or licensing arrangements. The terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of the Company’s stockholders. Arrangements with collaborators or others may require the Company to relinquish rights to certain of its technologies or programs. If the Company is unable to obtain funding, the Company could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all of its research and development programs, pipeline expansion or commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect its business prospects. Although management will continue to pursue these plans, there is no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining sufficient funding in the future on terms acceptable to the Company to fund continuing operations when needed or at all.
Basis of presentation
The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting
6
Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting policies of the Company are set forth in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the accounting policies followed by the Company for interim financial reporting are consistent with the accounting policies therein.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and has elected not to “opt out” of the extended transition related to complying with new or revised accounting standards, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and nonpublic companies, the Company can adopt the new or revised standard at the time nonpublic companies adopt the new or revised standard and can do so until such time that the Company either (i) irrevocably elects to opt out of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures , which is intended to improve disclosures about a public company’s expenses including the disclosure of certain expenses included and aggregated in captions such as cost of sales, selling general & administrative and research and development expenses on the consolidated financial statements on an interim and annual basis. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on the presentation of its condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes.
3. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements
As of March 31, 2025, available for sale marketable securities by security type consisted of (in thousands):
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury notes (due within one year) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper (due within one year) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds (due within one year) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds (due after one year through two years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2024, available for sale marketable securities by security type consisted of (in thousands):
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury notes (due within one year) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper (due within one year) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds (due within one year) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds (due after one year through two years) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
7
The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its assets and liabilities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025 Using: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate notes and bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.
4. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Laboratory equipment | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | |||||||||||
| Computer equipment and software | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
8
5. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):
| March 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
Accrued external research and development expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accrued employee compensation and benefits | |||||||||||
| Accrued professional fees | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
6. Common Stock and Net Loss Per Share
Common Stock
Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Common stockholders are not entitled to receive dividends, unless declared by the board of directors.
In May 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Jefferies LLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and Evercore Group LLC relating to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 12,743,039 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.51 per share to certain investors. In addition, the Company issued and sold to certain investors in lieu of common stock the Pre-funded Warrants to purchase 7,220,794 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.5099 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the public offering price per share of the common stock less the $0.0001 exercise price per share of each pre-funded warrant. The offering closed on May 22, 2024, resulting in net proceeds of $102.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
As the Pre-funded Warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock (and otherwise meet the requirements to be classified in equity), the Company recorded the consideration received from the issuance of the pre-funded warrants as additional paid-in capital on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of stockholders’ equity.
The Pre-funded Warrants are exercisable at any time.
Net Loss Per Share
The following pre-funded warrants outstanding at each period end were included in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation:
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock | |||||||||||
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no pre-funded warrants were exercised.
The following common stock equivalents presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive impact:
| March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Stock options to purchase common stock | |||||||||||
| Warrants to purchase common stock | |||||||||||
7. Stock-Based Compensation
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
The Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan was (i) 2,200,000 shares (the “share pool”), plus (ii) the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Company’s 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) as of the
9
effective date of the 2020 Plan, plus the number of shares of common stock underlying awards under the 2016 Plan that on or after the date of adoption expire or become unexercisable without delivery of shares, are forfeited to, or repurchased for cash, are settled in cash, or otherwise become available again for grant under the 2016 Plan, in each case, in accordance with its terms (up to an aggregate of 5,078,295 shares). As of March 31, 2025, 3,056,080 shares remained available for future grant under the 2020 Plan.
The share pool will automatically increase on January 1 of each year from 2021 to 2030 by the lesser of (i) four percent of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of the close of business on the immediately preceding December 31 and (ii) the number of shares determined by the board of directors on or prior to such date for such year. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan was increased by 2,223,765 shares effective January 1, 2025.
The 2020 Plan is administered by the board of directors or, at the discretion of the board of directors, by a committee of the board of directors. The exercise prices, vesting and other restrictions are determined at the discretion of the board of directors, or its committee if so delegated. Stock options granted with service-based vesting conditions generally vest over four years and expire after ten years . The exercise price for stock options granted is not less than the fair value of common stock on the date of grant. The Company bases fair value of common stock on the quoted market price.
2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On October 21, 2020, the Company’s board of directors adopted and its stockholders approved the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective on October 21, 2020. The aggregate number of shares of common stock available for purchase pursuant to the exercise of options under the ESPP is 360,000 shares, plus an automatic annual increase, as of January 1 of each year from 2021 to 2030, equal to the lesser of one percent of the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the close of business on the immediately preceding December 31 and (ii) the number of shares determined by the board of directors on or prior to such date for such year (up to a maximum of 3,220,520 shares). The number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP was increased by 555,941 shares effective January 1, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, 2,088,924 shares remained available for future grant under the ESPP.
Eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 15 % of their eligible compensation during an offering period. The purchase of shares is done at a 15 % discount on the lesser of (i) the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the first day of the offering period and (ii) the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the last day of the offering period. The Company currently holds two offering periods, September 1 and March 1, respectively. The Company recognized a de minimis amount of expense related to the ESPP for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense was classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
As of March 31, 2025, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options was $20.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
8. Collaboration Agreement
Lilly Collaboration Agreement and Stock Purchase Agreement
In December 2021, the Company entered into a collaboration agreement (the “Lilly Collaboration Agreement”) with Eli Lilly and Company (“Lilly”) to create novel oncology medicines by applying Foghorn’s proprietary Gene Traffic Control platform. The collaboration includes a co-development and co-commercialization agreement for the Company’s selective SMARCA2 (BRM) oncology target, consisting of two programs, and one additional undisclosed oncology target (collectively, the “Joint Programs”). The collaboration also includes three additional discovery targets or programs (collectively, the “Discovery Programs”) for a total of six programs directed at five targets.
With respect to the Joint Programs, the Company will lead discovery and early research activities through the successful completion of dose finding toxicity studies for the identified compound, while Lilly will lead development and commercialization activities of the identified compound with participation from the Company in development activities and
10
With respect to the Discovery Programs, the Company will lead discovery and early research activities through the successful completion of dose finding toxicity studies for the identified compounds. The Company may, in its sole discretion, opt-in on a program-by-program basis after the successful completion of dose finding toxicity to participate in the further development and commercialization efforts of the Discovery Program compounds. If the Company opts-in to the development and commercialization of the Discovery Program compounds, it will be eligible to receive milestone payments of up to $10.0 million per program upon specified research and development milestones and up to $180.0 million per program upon achievement of specified regulatory and commercial milestones and will also be eligible to share in the U.S. profits at pre-determined percentages on product sales. The Company would also be eligible to receive tiered Ex-U.S. royalty rates, calculated on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, on net sales outside of the United States, if any, ranging from low single digits to low double digits, but less then teens. If the Company does not opt-in to further development and commercialization efforts for the Discovery Programs, it will be eligible to receive milestone payments of up to $70.0 million per program upon specified research and development milestones and up to $360.0 million per program upon achievement of specified regulatory and commercial milestones per approved product, if any. The Company would also be eligible to receive tiered royalties on net sales of products worldwide at royalty rates ranging from low single digits to low double digits, but less than teens.
Lilly has the right to make substitutions for each of the five targets during the research term of each program, subject to certain limitations. Pursuant to the Lilly Collaboration Agreement, the Company will also participate in joint decision-making through the joint steering committee and subcommittees. Unless terminated earlier, the Lilly Collaboration Agreement will continue on a product-by-product basis until the expiration of all royalty obligations under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement and when neither the Company nor Lilly is developing, commercializing or manufacturing any product under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement. The Company or Lilly may terminate the Lilly Collaboration Agreement upon an uncured material breach by the other party. Lilly may also terminate the Lilly Collaboration Agreement in its entirety or on a target-by-target, program-by-program or product-by-product basis for any reason upon certain notice to the Company.
The Company determined that (1) the research activities performed by the Company for both the Joint Programs and the Discovery Programs (2) the development activities and cost sharing for the Joint Program development efforts after dose finding toxicity until registrational clinical trials (3) the research, development, manufacture and commercialization licenses and (4) service on the joint steering committee and subcommittees represent a single performance obligation under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement. The Company determined that Lilly cannot benefit from the licenses separately from the research activities, the development activities until registrational clinical trials and participation on the joint steering committee and subcommittees because these services are specialized and rely on the Company’s expertise such that these activities are highly interrelated and therefore not distinct. Accordingly, the promised goods and services represent one combined performance obligation, and the entire transaction price was allocated to that single combined performance obligation. The performance obligation will be satisfied over time as the Company performs the research activities, participates and shares in the cost of the development activities for the Joint Programs and participates in a joint steering committee and subcommittees to oversee these activities.
The Company’s options to share in further development and commercialization efforts via its opt-in/opt-out rights will be assessed and accounted for as separate units of accounting under the relevant guidance if, and when, such options are exercised by the Company.
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company has transitioned the SMARCA2 (BRM) Selective inhibitor, FHD-909, into development activities for which Lilly will lead and the Company will participate and share in 50 % of the costs until at least registrational trials. Costs incurred will continue to be included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of the transaction price related to the unsatisfied portion of the performance obligation was $274.1 million, which is expected to be recognized as revenue through 2029 or beyond depending on the timing of certain clinical development activities. The Company does not expect collaboration revenue to be recognized evenly over this period as it will be recognized on a percentage of completion basis (using a cost-to-cost method) as the Company performs the research and development activities and participates on the joint steering committee and subcommittees, which will likely
11
vary from period to period. In estimating the total costs to satisfy its single performance obligation pursuant to the Lilly Collaboration Agreement, the Company is required to make significant estimates including an estimate of the number of target substitutions Lilly may elect to make and the expected time and expected costs to fulfill the performance obligation. The cumulative effect of revisions to the total estimated costs to complete the Company’s single performance obligation will be recorded in the period in which the changes are identified, and amounts can be reasonably estimated. While such revisions will have no impact on the Company’s cash flows, a significant change in these assumptions and estimates could have a material impact on the timing and amount of revenue recognized in future periods and the classification of deferred revenue between short-term and long-term.
9. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases office space under a non-cancelable operating lease (the “Operating Lease”). There have been no material changes to the Company's Operating Lease during the three months ended March 31, 2025. For additional information, see Note 10, Leases, to the consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
License agreements
The Company has entered into various exclusive and non-exclusive license agreements for certain technologies. Under the terms of these license agreements, the Company could be required to reimburse the licensors for patent expenses and remit amounts in the low single-digit as sales-based royalties upon the occurrence of specific events as outlined in the corresponding license agreements. The Company is also required to make annual license maintenance fees of less than $0.3 million and pay up to $1.1 million in regulatory milestones on each licensed product upon the occurrence of specific events as outlined in one of the license agreements. None of our current product candidates utilizes technologies covered by these licenses.
Indemnification agreements
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, contract research organizations, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors and its executive officers that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. The Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and is not currently aware of any indemnification claims.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. The Company is not currently a party to any material litigation or legal proceedings.
10. Related Parties
In October 2015, the Company entered into a five-year consulting agreement with a scientific founder of the Company who is also a shareholder. This agreement was amended and extended to January 1, 2026 and is subject to automatic one-year renewal terms until terminated if notice is provided more than 30 days before the current end of term date. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid the scientific founder a de minimis amount. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no accounts payable due to the scientific founder.
On December 10, 2021, we entered into the Lilly Collaboration Agreement with Lilly. Concurrent with the Lilly Collaboration Agreement the Company also entered into a stock purchase agreement with Lilly (the “Lilly SPA”) where the Company issued and sold Lilly 4,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.00
12
Lilly $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a payable of $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, due to Lilly.
11. Segment Reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate discrete financial information is made available and that is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company manages its operations as a single segment (the “Segment”) for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The CODM of the Segment is the Company’s chief executive officer. The Segment is focused on pioneering the discovery and development of a new class of medicines targeting genetically determined dependencies within the chromatin regulatory system. The Segment’s revenue is derived entirely from the recognition of deferred revenue related to our collaboration agreement upfront and milestone payment and funds received under the Lilly SPA (see Note 8, Collaboration Agreement).
The CODM assesses the performance of the Segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net loss that is reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Further, the following represents information about segment revenue, segment loss and significant segment expenses (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||
| Research and development: | |||||||||||
| Personnel expenses | |||||||||||
| FHD-286 | |||||||||||
| Lilly partnered programs | |||||||||||
| Proprietary programs | |||||||||||
| Research and development operating and administrative costs | |||||||||||
| General and administrative: | |||||||||||
| Personnel expenses | |||||||||||
| External expenses | |||||||||||
Facilities and IT related expenses, net of sublease income | |||||||||||
Other expenses(1) | |||||||||||
| Plus: | |||||||||||
| Interest income | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
13
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Some of the numbers included herein have been rounded for the convenience of presentation. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
Foghorn is a clinical stage, precision therapeutics biotechnology company pioneering a new class of medicines that treat serious diseases by correcting abnormal gene expression through selectively targeting the chromatin regulatory system, an untapped opportunity for therapeutic intervention in oncology and with potential in a wide spectrum of other diseases including immunology and inflammation.
The chromatin regulatory system orchestrates gene expression—the turning on and off of genes—which is fundamental to how all our cells function. The chromatin regulatory system is implicated in approximately 50 percent of all cancers, and understanding how this system works could lead to an entirely new class of precision medicines. To our knowledge, we are the only company with the ability to study and target the chromatin regulatory system at scale, in context, and in an integrated way.
Our proprietary Gene Traffic Control platform provides an integrated and mechanistic understanding of how the various components of the chromatin regulatory system interact, allowing us to identify, validate and potentially drug targets within this system. We have developed unique capabilities that have yielded new insights and scalability in drugging this new, previously untapped and promising area.
At present, we are working on more than eight programs with one clinical-stage drug candidate currently in Phase 1 development. We have discovered highly selective chemical matter for some of the most challenging targets in oncology including SMARCA2 (BRM), CBP, EP300, and ARID1B as well as other undisclosed targets. We believe our current pipeline has the potential to help more than 500,000 cancer patients. We take a small molecule, modality agnostic approach to drugging targets which includes protein degraders, allosteric enzymatic inhibitors, and transcription factor disruptors. We are a biology-first company, which means we focus first on the underlying genetics and biology of a disease relevant target and then leverage the most appropriate drugging approach to impact the disease biology.
In December 2024, we announced our decision to discontinue the independent development of FHD-286 in combination with decitabine in patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
In October 2024, the Phase 1 dose escalation study of FHD-909, a selective allosteric ATPase inhibitor of SMARCA2, developed in collaboration with Eli Lilly and Company (“Lilly”), dosed its first patient.
FHD-909 was transitioned to Lilly during the third quarter of 2023, which triggered the 50/50 cost share for the SMARCA2 programs. Costs related to the cost-share are included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Since our inception, we have focused substantially all of our resources on building our Gene Traffic Control platform, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, conducting discovery and research activities, raising capital, protecting our trade secrets, filing patent applications, identifying potential product candidates, undertaking preclinical studies and clinical trial activities, establishing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of initial quantities of our product candidates and component materials and initiating two strategic collaborations. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales.
On December 10, 2021, we entered into a collaboration agreement (the “Lilly Collaboration Agreement”) with Lilly, for which we received an upfront payment of $300.0 million in January 2022 (see Note 8 to our notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). Concurrent with the Lilly Collaboration Agreement, we also entered into a stock purchase agreement (the “Lilly SPA”) with Lilly whereby we issued and sold Lilly 4,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $80.0 million, of which $42.2 million was allocated to equity upon the issuance of our common stock.
In May 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Jefferies LLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and Evercore Group LLC relating to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 12,743,039 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.51 per share to certain investors. In addition, the Company issued and sold to certain investors in lieu of common stock pre-funded warrants to purchase 7,220,794 shares of its common stock (the “Pre-funded Warrants”) at a public offering price of $5.5099 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the public offering price per share of the common stock less
14
the $0.0001 exercise price per share of each pre-funded warrant. The offering (the “May 2024 Offering”) closed on May 22, 2024, resulting in net proceeds of $102.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses.
We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, we reported net losses of $18.8 million and $86.6 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $577.0 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for at least the next several years. Our ability to generate any product revenue or product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and eventual commercialization of one or more product candidates we are developing or may develop.
We expect that our expenses and capital requirements will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly if and as we:
• advance FHD-909 and other product candidates partnered with Lilly, and continue preclinical and clinical development of product candidates from our current portfolio;
• identify and advance additional research programs and additional product candidates;
• initiate preclinical testing for any new product candidates we identify and develop;
• obtain, maintain, expand, enforce, defend and protect our trade secrets and intellectual property portfolio and provide reimbursement of third-party expenses related to our patent portfolio;
• hire additional research and development personnel;
• add operational, legal, compliance, financial and management information systems and personnel to support our research, product development and operations;
• expand the capabilities of our platform;
• acquire or in-license product candidates, intellectual property and technologies;
•experience significant operating cost increases as a result of increased inflation or increased tariffs;
• operate as a public company;
• seek marketing approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials; and
• ultimately establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any products for which we may obtain marketing approval.
We will not generate revenue from product sales unless and until we successfully commercialize one of our product candidates, after completing clinical development and obtaining regulatory approval. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant expenses related to developing our commercialization capability to support product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution. Further, we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company.
As a result, we will need substantial additional funding to support our continuing operations and pursue our growth strategy. Until we can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings and collaborations or licensing arrangements and the Lilly Collaboration Agreement. We may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements or arrangements when needed on favorable terms, or at all. If we fail to raise capital or enter into such agreements as, and when, needed, we may have to significantly delay, scale back our development or commercialization plans for one or more of our product candidates.
Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical product development and the current geopolitical and economic and trade environment, we are unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when, or if, we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Even if we are able to generate product sales, we may not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce or terminate our operations.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Collaboration Revenue
To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to do so in the near future. If our development efforts for our product candidates are successful and result in regulatory approval or licenses with third parties, we may
15
generate revenue in the future from product sales, milestone payments under our existing collaboration agreement or payments from other license agreements that we may enter into with third parties.
In December of 2021, we entered into a strategic collaboration with Lilly to create novel oncology medicines by applying Foghorn’s proprietary Gene Traffic Control platform. The collaboration includes a co-development and co-commercialization agreement for the aforementioned selective SMARCA2 oncology program and an additional undisclosed oncology target. In addition, the collaboration includes three additional discovery programs using Foghorn’s proprietary Gene Traffic Control platform. Under the terms of the collaboration, Foghorn received upfront consideration of $300.0 million in cash pursuant to the Lilly Collaboration Agreement, together with an equity investment by Lilly of $80.0 million in shares of Foghorn common stock pursuant to the Lilly SPA.
For the SMARCA2 selective program and the additional undisclosed target program, Foghorn will lead discovery and early research activities, while Lilly will lead development and commercialization activities with participation from Foghorn in operational activities and cost sharing. Foghorn and Lilly will share 50/50 in the U.S. economics, and Foghorn is eligible to receive royalties on ex-U.S. sales starting in the low double-digit range and escalating into the twenties based on revenue levels.
For the additional discovery programs, Foghorn will lead discovery and early research activities. Foghorn may receive up to a total of $1.3 billion in potential development and commercialization milestones. Additionally, Foghorn will have an option to participate in a percentage of the U.S. economics and is eligible to receive tiered royalties from the mid-single digit to low-double digit range on sales outside the U.S. that may be exercised after the successful completion of the dose-finding toxicity studies.
We cannot provide assurances as to the timing of future milestones, royalty payments and economics associated with the strategic collaboration with Lilly, if any.
In the third quarter of 2023, we transitioned the SMARCA2 Selective inhibitor, FHD-909, to Lilly, for which Lilly will lead and we will participate and share in 50% of the costs until at least registrational trials. Costs incurred will continue to be included in research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
We recognized total deferred revenue of $337.8 million related to the Lilly Collaboration Agreement and the Lilly SPA, which included the $300.0 million upfront payment under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement as well as $37.8 million allocated to deferred revenue from the gross proceeds of the Lilly SPA to be recognized over the performance period. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $6.0 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of revenue under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement. As of March 31, 2025, we had $274.1 million of deferred revenue related to the above mentioned upfront payment and revenue allocation remaining on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses are comprised of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred to progress our proprietary and partnered pipeline, including our discovery efforts, which include:
•personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, for employees engaged in research and development functions;
•expenses incurred in connection with our research programs and preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates, including under agreements with third parties, such as consultants and contractors and contract research organizations (“CROs”), and our collaboration partner;
•the cost of manufacturing drug substance and drug product for use in our research and preclinical studies and clinical trials under agreements with third parties, such as consultants and contractors and contract development and manufacturing organizations (“CDMOs”);
•laboratory supplies and research materials;
•facilities, depreciation and amortization and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and insurance; and
•payments made under third-party licensing agreements.
We track our direct external research and development expenses on a program-by-program basis. These consist of costs that include fees, reimbursed materials, and other costs paid to consultants, contractors, CDMOs, and CROs in connection with our preclinical, clinical and manufacturing activities. We do not allocate employee costs, costs associated with our discovery efforts, laboratory supplies, and facilities expenses, including depreciation or other indirect costs, to specific product
16
development programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and our platform and, as such, are not separately classified.
We expect that our research and development expenses may increase in the future as we advance our programs into clinical development and continue our discovery, research and preclinical activities in the near term and in the future. At this time, we cannot accurately estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the preclinical and clinical development of any product candidates we may develop. A change in the outcome of any number of variables with respect to product candidates we may develop could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. We may never succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for any product candidates we may develop. In addition, given the uncertainties associated with the current geopolitical and economic and trade environment, our research and development expenses may increase in an unpredictable manner.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, for employees engaged in executive, finance and accounting, legal, and other administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, investor and public relations, human resources, and accounting and audit services as well as direct and allocated facility-related costs.
We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses may increase in the future as we continue to support our continued research activities and development of our programs and platform. We also anticipate that we will continue to incur increased accounting, audit, legal, regulatory, compliance, director and officer insurance costs and investor and public relations expenses associated with operating as a public company.
Other Income, Net
Interest Income
Interest income consists of interest earned on our invested cash balances.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net consists of sublease income and miscellaneous expense unrelated to our core operations.
Income Taxes
As of December 31, 2024, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $52.3 million, which may be available to offset future taxable income. The federal net operating loss can be carried forward indefinitely but are limited to offset 80% of annual taxable income. As of December 31, 2024, we also had federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards of $7.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, which may be available to reduce future tax liabilities and expire at various dates beginning in 2043 and 2037, respectively. Due to our history of cumulative net losses since inception and uncertainties surrounding our ability to generate future taxable income, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets at each balance sheet date. We do not expect to have taxable income in the current year.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 as well as elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we believe that revenue recognition and accrued research and development expenses are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates detailed in the Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgements section of Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
17
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
The following table summarizes our results of operations for three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | $ | 5,952 | $ | 5,050 | $ | 902 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 21,626 | 25,534 | (3,908) | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 7,239 | 7,710 | (471) | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 28,865 | 33,244 | (4,379) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (22,913) | (28,194) | 5,281 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income, net: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2,692 | 2,439 | 253 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 1,387 | 739 | 648 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | 4,079 | 3,178 | 901 | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (18,834) | $ | (25,016) | $ | 6,182 | |||||||||||
Collaboration Revenue
Under our collaboration agreement, revenue is recognized based on the work performed during the period. Collaboration revenue was $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in collaboration revenue is attributed to an increase in Lilly collaboration revenue recognition of $0.9 million due to continued advancement of programs under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement.
Research and Development Expenses
Lilly partnered programs were previously included in Early development and other research external costs, but are now presented as a separate line under Research and development program expenses with prior periods adjusted accordingly.
The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development program expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| FHD-286 | $ | 991 | $ | 3,526 | $ | (2,535) | |||||||||||
| Lilly partnered programs | 4,625 | 3,886 | 739 | ||||||||||||||
| Platform, research and discovery, and unallocated expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Early development and other research external costs | 3,447 | 5,287 | (1,840) | ||||||||||||||
| Personnel related (including stock-based compensation) | 7,544 | 7,710 | (166) | ||||||||||||||
| Facilities and IT related expenses and other | 5,019 | 5,125 | (106) | ||||||||||||||
| Total research and development expenses | $ | 21,626 | $ | 25,534 | $ | (3,908) | |||||||||||
Research and development expenses were $21.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $25.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease is attributed to the following:
•a decrease in FHD-286 costs of $2.5 million due to the decision to discontinue both the independent development of FHD-286 in combination with decitabine in patients with relapsed and/or refractory AML, resulting in the wind down of the Phase 1 clinical trial, and independent development of FHD-286 in patients with uveal melanoma;
•a decrease in early development and other research external costs of $1.8 million, which was primarily driven by a decrease in FHD-609 spend due to the shutdown of the Phase 1 clinical trial in synovial sarcoma and SMARCAB1-loss tumors; and
18
•an increase in Lilly partnered programs of $0.7 million, primarily driven by initiation of the Phase 1 dose escalation study of FHD-909. We expect these costs to continue to increase with increasing enrollment of FHD-909.
General and Administrative Expenses
The following table summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Personnel related (including stock-based compensation) | $ | 4,540 | $ | 4,470 | $ | 70 | |||||||||||
| Professional and consulting | 1,537 | 1,944 | (407) | ||||||||||||||
| Facilities and IT related expenses and other | 1,162 | 1,296 | (134) | ||||||||||||||
Total general and administrative expenses | $ | 7,239 | $ | 7,710 | $ | (471) | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses were $7.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease is primarily attributed to a decrease in professional and consulting costs of $0.4 million.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net was $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which was primarily due to increased sublease income related to the new sublease entered into in 2024 and increased interest income due to a higher average balance of marketable securities during the period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception in October 2015, we have incurred significant operating losses. We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we support our continued research activities and development of our programs and platform. Through March 31, 2025, we have funded our operations with proceeds from our initial public offering (“IPO”) in October 2020, sales of preferred stock, term loans, an upfront payment of $15.0 million we received in July 2020 under the Merck Collaboration Agreement, proceeds we received in December 2021 under the Lilly SPA of $80.0 million; an upfront payment of $300.0 million received in January 2022 under the Lilly Collaboration Agreement; a payment of $5.0 million received from Merck under the Merck Collaboration Agreement in the third quarter of 2022 for the achievement of a research milestone; and net proceeds of $102.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, from the May 2024 Offering. As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $220.6 million.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (23,968) | $ | (29,345) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 29,401 | 27,095 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 139 | 1,167 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 5,572 | $ | (1,083) | |||||||
Operating Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, operating activities used $24.0 million of cash, resulting from our net loss of $18.8 million to fund our operations and by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $9.3 million partially offset by net non-cash charges of $4.2 million. Net cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 consisted primarily of a decrease of $6.0 million in deferred revenue resulting from the recognition of revenue
19
on the upfront payments received in connection with the Lilly Collaboration Agreement, a $2.3 million decrease in operating lease liabilities and a $1.1 million net decrease in working capital.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, operating activities used $29.3 million of cash, resulting from the net cash used to fund our net loss of $25.0 million and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $9.3 million partially offset by net non-cash charges of $4.9 million. Net cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by a $5.1 million decrease in deferred revenue resulting from the recognition of revenue on the upfront payments received in connection with the Lilly Collaboration Agreement, a $2.1 million net decrease in working capital and a $2.1 million decrease in operating lease liabilities.
Investing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by investing activities was $29.4 million consisting of $80.6 million of marketable securities maturing partially offset by $51.1 million of purchases of marketable securities
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by investing activities was $27.1 million consisting of $58.5 million of maturities of marketable securities partially offset by $31.3 million of purchases of marketable securities and $0.1 million in purchases of property and equipment.
Financing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million consisting of net proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”).
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $1.2 million consisting of net proceeds from the exercise of common stock options and the ESPP.
Funding Requirements
We expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue to fund on-going and potential future clinical activities, including the Phase 1 clinical trial of FHD-909 partnered with Lilly, advance preclinical programs, and initiate clinical trials for our product candidates in development, including those partnered with Lilly. As of the issuance date of the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report, we expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least twelve months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. We could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, in which case we would be required to obtain additional financing sooner than planned, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, especially in light of recent stock market volatility, particularly impacting the biotech industry. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our long-term business strategy. We will be required to obtain further funding through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations and licensing arrangements or other sources.
If we are unable to raise sufficient capital as and when needed, we may be required to significantly curtail, delay or discontinue one or more of our research or development programs or the commercialization of any product candidate we may develop, or be unable to expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities. If we raise additional funds through collaborations or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to future revenue streams or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.
See “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for additional risks associated with our substantial capital requirements.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
20
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for this reporting period and are not required to provide the information required under this item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer (our Chief Executive Officer) and Principal Accounting and Financial Officer (our Chief Financial Officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of period end. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
21
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings. We are not currently a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that, in the opinion of our management, are probable to have a material adverse effect on our business. Regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
For a discussion of potential risks or uncertainties, please see “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
Item 5. Other Information.
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none
22
Item 6. Exhibits.
| Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
31.1* | ||||||||
31.2* | ||||||||
32.1** | ||||||||
32.2** | ||||||||
| 101.INS* | XBRL Instance Document | |||||||
| 101.SCH* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
______________
*Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
^ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
23
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| FOGHORN THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||||||||
| Date: May 14, 2025 | By: | /s/ Kristian Humer | ||||||
Kristian Humer Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) | ||||||||
24