SEC Form S-3 filed by System1 Inc.

6/27/25 4:04:51 PM ET

$SST

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S-3 1 forms-3.htm S-3 Document

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 27, 2025

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

System1, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			92-3978051
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

4235 Redwood Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90066

(310) 924-6037

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Daniel Weinrot

General Counsel & Corporate Secretary

4235 Redwood Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90066

(310) 924-6037

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Steven B. Stokdyk, Esq.

Brent T. Epstein, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

10250 Constellation Blvd., Suite 1100

Los Angeles, CA 90067

(213) 485-1234

APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective on filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated June 27, 2025

PROSPECTUS

System1, Inc.

Up to $250,000,000 of Class A Common Stock

We may offer and sell up to $250,000,000 in the aggregate of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, or our Class A common stock, from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of our common stock.

Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the amounts, prices and terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement before you invest in any of our securities.

We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.

The aggregate market value of our outstanding Class A common stock held by non-affiliates pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 was $18.60 million, which was calculated based on 8,011,882 shares of Class A common stock outstanding, as of June 23, 2025, of which 1,728,668 shares were held by non-affiliates, and a price per share of $10.76 which was the closing sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, on June 23, 2025. During the 12 calendar months prior to and including the date of this prospectus, we have not offered and sold any shares of common stock pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6.

INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE THE “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE 7 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONCERNING FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES.

Our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “SST.” On June 26, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NYSE was $7.85 per share.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			1
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			2
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE			4
THE COMPANY			6
RISK FACTORS			7
USE OF PROCEEDS			8
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA			9
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK			1 1
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			21
LEGAL MATTERS			23
EXPERTS			23

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may sell shares of our Class A common stock from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $250,000,000 as described in this prospectus. Each time that we offer and sell shares of Class A common stock, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities being offered and sold and the specific terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement (and any applicable free writing prospectuses), together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover, that the information appearing in any applicable free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of that free writing prospectus, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus incorporates by reference, and any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may contain and incorporate by reference, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any applicable free writing prospectus may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “SST,” “System1” and the “Company” in this prospectus refer to System1, Inc. References to “Trebia” refer to the Company, formerly known as Trebia Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company, prior to business combination, or the Business Combination, pursuant to that certain business combination agreement, dated as of June 28, 2021, as amended on November 30, 2021, January 10, 2022 and January 25, 2022, by and among S1 Holdco, LLC, or S1 Holdco, System1 SS Protect Holdings, Inc. and the other parties signatory thereto. When we refer to “you,” we mean the potential holders of Class A common stock.

We own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our name, logos and website name and address are our trademarks or service marks. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, and any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including the risks, uncertainties and assumptions described under the section in this prospectus titled “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks, including, without limitation, the following:

•The ability to maintain our key relationships with third party advertisers and advertising network, or Advertising Partners, including our monetization arrangements;

•The ability to collect, process, effectively utilize and safely store the first party data that we obtain through our services;

•The performance of our responsive acquisition marketing platform, or RAMP;

•Changes in customer demand for our services and our ability to incorporate to such changes;

•The ability to maintain and attract consumers and advertisers in the face of changing economic or competitive conditions;

•The ability to improve and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting and remediate identified material weaknesses;

•The ability to successfully source and complete acquisitions and to integrate the operations of companies System1 acquires;

•The ability to raise financing in the future as and when needed or on market terms;

•The ability to compete with existing competitors and the entry of new competitors in the market;

•Changes in applicable laws or regulations impacting the business which we operate and our ability to maintain compliance with the various laws that our business and operations are subject to;

•The ability to protect our intellectual property rights; and

•Other risks and uncertainties indicated from time to time in our filings with the SEC, including those described herein under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking

statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a rapidly evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus will prove to be accurate. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

You should read this prospectus, along with our other filings with the SEC, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

Our web site address is www.system1.com. The information on our web site, however, is not, and should not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus and any prospectus supplement are part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and do not contain all of the information in the registration statement. The full registration statement may be obtained from the SEC or us, as provided below. Other documents establishing the terms of the offered securities are or may be filed as exhibits to the registration statement or documents incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Statements in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should refer to the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided above.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in this prospectus or a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or a subsequently filed document incorporated by reference modifies or replaces that statement.

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:

•Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the SEC on April 25, 2025 (File No. 001-39331);

•Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2025 (File No. 001-39331);

•Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 10, 2025 (other than the information furnished under Item 7.01 and Exhibit 99.1), April 7, 2025, April 18, 2025, April 29, 2025, May 23, 2025, June 10, 2025 and June 11, 2025 (File No. 001-39331); and

•The description of the Company’s securities contained in Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025 (File No. 001-39331), including any amendments or reports filed for purposes of updating such description.

All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the termination of this offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.

Under no circumstances shall any information furnished under Item 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K, and exhibits furnished on such form that relate to such items, be deemed incorporated herein by reference unless such Form 8-K express provided to the contrary.

You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus by writing or telephoning us at the following address:

System1, Inc.

4235 Redwood Avenue

Los Angeles, California 90066

(310) 924-6037

Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

THE COMPANY

System1, Inc. and subsidiaries operate an omnichannel customer acquisition platform, delivering high-intent customers to brands, advertisers and publishers.

We provide our omnichannel customer acquisition platform services through our proprietary RAMP. Operating seamlessly across major advertising networks and advertising category verticals to acquire end-users, RAMP allows us to monetize such end-users through our relationships with Advertising Partners. RAMP operates across our network of owned and operated websites and related products, allowing us to monetize user traffic that we source from various acquisition marketing channels, including Google, Meta, Outbrain, and TikTok. RAMP also allows third party advertising platforms and publishers, to send user traffic to, and monetize end-user traffic on, our owned and operated websites or through our monetization agreements.

RISK FACTORS

Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement involves risks. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. There may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that could have material adverse effects on our future results. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. Please also carefully read the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

On June 11, 2025, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split, or the Reverse Stock Split, of all issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 10 outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, or our Class C common stock, before the Reverse Stock Split represents one share of the applicable class of common stock after the Reverse Stock Split. On a pre-split basis, the Company had 73,653,301 and 65,584,895 shares of Class A common stock and 18,703,676 and 21,512,757 shares of Class C common stock, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. On a post-split basis, the Company had 7,365,330 and 6,558,490 shares of Class A common stock and 1,870,368 and 2,151,276 shares of Class C common stock, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that are incorporated by reference into this registration statement are presented without giving effect to the stock split.

The following selected financial data is based on the common stock and per share data from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and is retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
	(in thousands except per share information)
Net loss	$	(97,298)	$	(285,585)
Less: Net loss from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling interest	(22,625)		(25,531)
Less: Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interest	—		(32,833)
Net loss attributable to System1, Inc.	$	(74,673)	$	(227,221)

Amounts attributable to System1, Inc.:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(74,673)	$	(85,727)
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		(141,494)
Net loss attributable to System1, Inc.	$	(74,673)	$	(227,221)

Basic and diluted net loss per share (unaudited):
Continuing operations	$	(10.74)	$	(9.37)
Discontinued operations	—		(15.47)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(10.74)	$	(24.85)

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted (unaudited)	6,955		9,145


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
(Unaudited)	(in thousands except per share information)
Net loss	$	(19,856)	$	(13,791)


Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	(3,973)		(3,254)
Net loss attributable to System1, Inc.	$	(15,883)	$	(10,537)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	7,439		6,778
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(2.14)	$	(1.55)

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following description of our capital stock is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our capital stock. This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended on June 11, 2024 and June 11, 2025, or our Charter, our Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, or our Bylaws, each of which has been publicly filed with the SEC, as well as the relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL. Our purpose is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the DGCL.

Authorized and Outstanding Stock

Our purpose is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may now or hereafter be organized under the DGCL. Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, or the Preferred Stock, and 527,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which consists of 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 25,000,000 shares of Class C common stock, and 2,000,000 shares of Class D common stock, or the Class D common stock, and together with the Class A common stock and Class C common stock, the Common Stock. Unless our board of directors, or the Board, determines otherwise, we will issue all shares of our capital stock in uncertificated form.

As of June 23, 2025, 8,011,882 shares of Class A common stock and 1,869,607 shares of Class C common stock are issued and outstanding. As of June 23, 2025, there are no shares of Class D common stock or Preferred Stock outstanding.

Class A Common Stock

Voting rights. Except as provided in our Charter or as required by applicable law, holders of Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by our stockholders generally. At annual and special meetings of our stockholders, the holders of Class A common stock and Class C common stock will vote together as a single class on any matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, or, if any holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of Class A common stock or Class C common stock, as a single class with the holders of Preferred Stock.

Generally, unless a different voting standard applies under our Charter and Bylaws, or collectively, our Organizational Documents, or applicable law, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority of the votes cast (except for the election of directors, which will be decided based on a plurality of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the applicable meeting and entitled to vote on the election of such directors).

Reservation of Shares. Under our Charter, we will have at all times, authorized and unissued shares of Class A common stock for the purposes of effecting any redemptions or exchanges under the sixth amended and restated limited liability company operating agreement by and among S1 Holdco, System1 and any successor managing member, or the New S1 Holdco Agreement, or the conversion of Class D common stock.

Class C Common Stock

Voting rights. Except as provided in our Charter or as required by applicable law, holders of Class C common stock will be entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by our stockholders generally. At any annual and special meeting of our stockholders, the holders of Class A common stock and Class C common stock will vote together as a single class on any matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, or, if any holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of Class A common stock or Class C common stock, as a single class with the holders of Preferred Stock.

Generally, unless a different voting standard applies under our Organizational Documents or applicable law, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority of the votes cast (except for the election of directors, which will be decided based on a plurality of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the applicable meeting and entitled to vote on the election of such directors).

Future Issuances. Under our Charter, System1 is not permitted to issue additional shares of Class C common stock, other than in connection with the valid issuance of the class A units of S1 Holdco and the class B units of S1 Holdco, or the S1 Holdco Common Units, under the New S1 Holdco Agreement.

Restriction on Transfer. Under our Charter, holders of Class C common stock may only transfer their Class C common stock to certain permitted transferees, while also simultaneously transferring an equal number of such holder’s S1 Holdco Common Units.

Preferred Stock

Voting Rights. Except as provided in our Charter (including in connection with the establishment of any new series of preferred stock) or as required by applicable law, holders of Preferred Stock are not entitled to any voting rights. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, under our Charter, any vote on an amendment to our Charter (including any certificate of designations relating to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of any outstanding Preferred Stock will entitle the holders of Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote as a separate class thereon.

Our Charter authorizes our Board to establish additional series of preferred stock. Unless required by law or any stock exchange, the authorized preferred stock will be available for issuance without further action by the holders of Common Stock. Our Board has the discretion to determine the powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of System1 without further action by our stockholders. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may adversely affect the holders of Common Stock by restricting dividends, diluting the voting power of Common Stock or subordinating the liquidation rights of Common Stock. As a result of these or other factors, the issuance of preferred stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of Class A common stock.

Dividend Rights

Subject to applicable law and the rights of any outstanding Preferred Stock, the holders of Class A common stock and Class D common stock will participate ratably (based on the number of shares held) in any dividends that may be declared from time to time by our Board out of funds legally available therefor. The holders of Class C common stock are not entitled to any dividends declared by our Board, except in the case of a stock dividend, pursuant to our Charter. Holders of Class D common stock will only receive dividends declared in respect thereof upon the conversion of Class D common stock to Class A common stock, as described above.

Winding-Up

If System1 is wound up, the holders of Class A common stock, after paying off any liabilities, and the amounts owed to the holders of Preferred Stock, if any, may divide amongst themselves the assets of System1. The holders of Class C common stock and Class D common stock are not entitled to any assets of System1 upon being wound up and liquidated, except for the par value of the shares thereof.

Preemptive Rights; Sinking Fund Provisions

The holders of Common Stock have no preemptive rights or other subscription rights. There are no sinking fund provisions applicable to our capital stock.

System1 Warrants

In connection with the Business Combination, each redeemable warrant purchased in a private placement in connection with the initial public offering of Trebia, or the Private Warrants, and each redeemable warrant originally issued in the initial public offering of Trebia, which was consummated on June 19, 2020, or the Trebia Public Warrants, that were outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Business Combination, pursuant to and in accordance with the warrant agreement, or the warrant agreement, covering such warrants, were automatically and irrevocably modified to provide that such warrant will no longer entitle the holder thereof to purchase the amount of Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Trebia, or the Trebia Class A Ordinary Shares, set forth therein, and in substitution thereof such warrant entitles the holder thereof to acquire the same number of shares of Class A common stock per warrant on the same terms, or each a Public Warrant. The Private Warrants and the Public Warrants are referred to herein collectively as the Warrant.

Following the effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split, each Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at a price of $115.00 per share, subject to the satisfaction of any applicable conditions. Only a whole Warrant may be exercised at a given time by a warrant holder. A holder of Warrants will not be able to exercise any fraction of a Warrant.

Redemption of Warrants When the Price per share of Class A Common Stock Equals or Exceeds $180.00

All but not less than all of the outstanding Warrants may be redeemed, at our option, once the Warrants become exercisable, upon notice to the registered holders of the Warrants, at a redemption price of $0.10 per Warrant, provided that (a) the Reference Value (as defined in the warrant agreement) equals or exceeds $180.00 per share (subject to adjustment) and (b) there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, and a current prospectus relating thereto, available throughout the 30-day redemption period.

Redemption of Warrants When the Price per share of Class A Common Stock Equals or Exceeds $100.00

All but not less than all of the outstanding Warrants may be redeemed, at our option, once the Warrants become exercisable, upon notice to the registered holders of the Warrants, at a redemption price of $0.10 per Warrant, provided that the Reference Value equals or exceeds $100.00 per share (subject to adjustment). During the 30-day redemption period, registered holders of the Warrants may elect to exercise their Warrants on a “cashless basis” and receive a number of Class A common stock determined by reference to the table below, based on the redemption date (calculated for purposes of the table as the period to expiration of the Warrants) and the Redemption Fair Market Value (as defined in the warrant agreement), or a Make-Whole Exercise.



	Redemption Fair Market Value of System1 Class A Common Stock
Redemption Date (period to expiration of warrants)	$100	$110	$120	$130	$140	$150	$160	$170	$180
60 months	0.261	0.280	0.297	0.311	0.324	0.337	0.348	0.358	0.361
57 months	0.257	0.277	0.294	0.310	0.324	0.337	0.348	0.358	0.361
54 months	0.252	0.272	0.291	0.307	0.322	0.335	0.347	0.357	0.361
51 months	0.246	0.268	0.287	0.304	0.320	0.333	0.346	0.357	0.361
48 months	0.241	0.263	0.283	0.301	0.317	0.332	0.344	0.356	0.361
45 months	0.235	0.258	0.279	0.298	0.315	0.330	0.343	0.356	0.361
42 months	0.228	0.252	0.274	0.294	0.312	0.328	0.342	0.355	0.361
39 months	0.221	0.246	0.269	0.290	0.309	0.325	0.340	0.354	0.361
36 months	0.213	0.239	0.263	0.285	0.305	0.323	0.339	0.353	0.361
33 months	0.205	0.232	0.257	0.280	0.301	0.320	0.337	0.352	0.361
30 months	0.196	0.224	0.250	0.274	0.297	0.316	0.335	0.351	0.361


27 months	0.185	0.214	0.242	0.268	0.291	0.313	0.332	0.350	0.361
24 months	0.173	0.204	0.233	0.260	0.285	0.308	0.329	0.348	0.361
21 months	0.161	0.193	0.223	0.252	0.279	0.304	0.326	0.347	0.361
18 months	0.146	0.179	0.211	0.242	0.271	0.298	0.322	0.345	0.361
15 months	0.130	0.164	0.197	0.230	0.262	0.291	0.317	0.342	0.361
12 months	0.111	0.146	0.181	0.216	0.250	0.282	0.312	0.339	0.361
9 months	0.090	0.125	0.162	0.199	0.237	0.272	0.305	0.336	0.361
6 months	0.065	0.099	0.137	0.178	0.219	0.259	0.296	0.331	0.361
3 months	0.034	0.065	0.104	0.150	0.197	0.243	0.286	0.326	0.361
0 months	—	—	0.042	0.115	0.179	0.233	0.281	0.323	0.361

The exact Redemption Fair Market Value and redemption date may not be set forth in the table above, in which case, if the Redemption Fair Market Value is between two values in the table or the redemption date is between two redemption dates in the table, the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued for each

Warrants exercised in a Make-Whole Exercise will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of shares set forth for the higher and lower Redemption Fair Market Values and the earlier and later redemption dates, as applicable, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable. The share prices set forth in the column headings of the table above shall be adjusted as of any date on which the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant is adjusted.

This redemption feature differs from the typical warrant redemption features used in many other blank check offerings, which typically only provide for a redemption of warrants for cash when the trading price for the Class A common stock exceeds $180.00 per share for a specified period of time (which was $18.00 per share before giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split). This redemption feature is structured to allow for all of the outstanding warrants to be redeemed when the shares of Class A common stock are trading at or above $100.00 per share (which was $10.00 per share before giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split), which may be at a time when the trading price of the Class A common stock is below the exercise price of the Warrants. System1 has established this redemption feature to provide us with the flexibility to redeem the Warrants without the Warrants having to reach the $180.00 per share threshold set forth above under “ —Redemption of Warrants When the Price per share of Class A Common Stock Equals or Exceeds $180.00.” Holders choosing to exercise their warrants in connection with a redemption pursuant to this feature will, in effect, receive a number of shares for their Warrants based on an option pricing model with a fixed volatility input as of the date of Trebia’s initial public offering prospectus. This redemption right provides us with an additional mechanism by which to redeem all of the outstanding warrants, and therefore have certainty as to our capital structure as the warrants would no longer be outstanding and would have been exercised or redeemed. We will be required to pay the applicable redemption price to warrant holders if we chooses to exercise this redemption right and it will allow us to quickly proceed with a redemption of the warrants if we determine it is in its best interest to do so. As such, we would redeem the warrants in this manner when it believes it is in its best interest to update our capital structure to remove the warrants and pay the redemption price to the warrant holders.

As stated above, we can redeem the Warrants when the shares of Class A common stock are trading at a price starting at $100.00, which is below the exercise price of $115.00, because it will provide certainty with respect to our capital structure and cash position while providing warrant holders with the opportunity to exercise their Warrants on a cashless basis for the applicable number of shares. If we choose to redeem the Warrants when the shares of Class A common stock are trading at a price below the exercise price of the Warrants, this could result in the warrant holders receiving fewer shares of Class A common stock than they would have received if they had chosen to wait to exercise their warrants for shares of Class A common stock if and when such Class A common stock were trading at a price higher than the exercise price of $115.00.

No fractional shares of Class A common stock will be issued upon redemption. If, upon redemption, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will round down to the nearest whole number

of the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to the holder. If, at the time of redemption, the warrants are exercisable for a security other than the Class A common stock pursuant to the warrant agreement, the warrants may be exercised for such security.

Anti-dilution Adjustments.

Following the conversion of the Trebia Public Warrants into Warrants, the Warrants will be subject to anti-dilution adjustments, as summarized in the paragraphs below.

Sub-Divisions. If the number of issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock is increased by a capitalization or share dividend of Class A common stock, or by a sub-division of Class A common stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such share capitalization, sub-division or similar event, the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be increased in proportion to such increase in the issued and outstanding Class A common stock. A rights offering to holders of Class A common stock entitling holders to purchase Class A Common Stock at a price less than the “Historical Fair Market Value” will be deemed a capitalization of a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the product of (i) the number of Class A common stock actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for the Class A common stock) multiplied by (ii) one (1) minus the quotient of (x) the price per share of Class A common stock paid in such rights offering divided by (y) the Historical Fair Market Value. If the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A common stock, in determining the price payable for Class A common stock, there shall be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion.

Dividends. In addition, if at any time while the Warrants are outstanding and unexpired, we pay a dividend or makes a distribution in cash, securities or other assets to the holders of shares of Class A common stock on account of such Class A common stock (or other securities into which the Warrants are convertible), other than (a) as described above, (b) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of Class A common stock in connection with the Business Combination and (c) certain other dividends or distributions in connection with redemption rights of the holders of Class A common stock existing prior to the completion of the Business Combination.

Aggregation of Shares. If the number of issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse share split or reclassification of Class A common stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such consolidation, combination, reverse share split, reclassification or similar event, the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant will be decreased in proportion to such decrease in issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock.

Replacement of Securities upon Reorganization, etc. In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding Class A common stock, or in the case of any merger or consolidation of System1 with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which we are the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of its outstanding Class A common stock), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which we are dissolved, the holders of the Warrants will thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the Warrants and in lieu of the shares of Class A common stock immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of Class A common stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the holder of the Warrants would have received if such holder had exercised their warrants immediately prior to such event, provided however, if less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of Class A common stock in such a transaction is payable in the form of shares in the successor entity that is listed for trading on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established over-the-counter market, or is to be so listed for trading or quoted immediately following such event, and if the registered holder of the warrant properly exercises the Warrant within thirty (30) days following public disclosure of such transaction, the Warrant exercise price will be reduced as specified in the warrant agreement based on the Black-Scholes Warrant Value (as defined in the warrant agreement).

Notices of Changes in Warrant. Upon every adjustment of the Warrant price or the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, we shall give written notice thereof to the Warrant Agent (as defined below), which notice shall state the price of a Warrant resulting from such adjustment and the increase or decrease, if any, in the number of shares purchasable at such price upon the exercise of a Warrant, setting forth in reasonable detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is based. Upon the occurrence of any event specified in the section titled “—Anti-Dilution Adjustments”, we will give written notice of the occurrence of such event to each holder of a Warrant, at the last address set forth for such holder in the warrant register, of the record date or the effective date of the event. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such event.

No Fractional Shares. We will not issue fractional shares upon the exercise of Warrants. If, by reason of any adjustment, the holder of any Warrant would be entitled, upon the exercise of such Warrant, to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will, upon such exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to such holder.

Form of Warrant. The form of Warrant need not be changed because of any adjustment, and Warrants issued after such adjustment may state the same warrant price and the same number of shares as is stated in the Warrants initially issued pursuant to the warrant agreement; provided, however, that System1 may at any time in its sole discretion make any change in the form of Warrant that we may deem appropriate and that does not affect the substance thereof, and any Warrant thereafter issued or countersigned, whether in exchange or substitution for an outstanding Warrant or otherwise, may be in the form as so changed.

Other Events. In case any event shall occur affecting System1 as to which none of the provisions of the preceding subsections are strictly applicable, but which would require an adjustment to the terms of the Warrants in order to (i) avoid an adverse impact on the Warrants and (ii) effectuate the intent and purpose of the warrant agreement, then, in each such case, we will appoint a firm of independent registered public accountants, investment banking or other appraisal firm of recognized national standing, which will give its opinion as to whether or not any adjustment to the rights represented by the Warrants is necessary to effectuate the intent and purpose of the warrant agreement and, if they determine that an adjustment is necessary, the terms of such adjustment; provided, however, that under no circumstances shall the Warrants be so adjusted pursuant as a result of any issuance of securities in connection with a business combination. We will adjust the terms of the Warrants in a manner that is consistent with any adjustment recommended in such opinion.

No Adjustment. For the avoidance of doubt, no adjustment shall be made to the terms of the Warrants solely as a result of an adjustment to the conversion ratio of the Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Trebia into Trebia Class A Ordinary Shares.

System1’s Transfer Agent and Warrant Agent

The transfer agent for our Common Stock and warrant agent, or the Warrant Agent, for our Warrants is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Anti-Takeover Effects of the Charter, Bylaws and Certain Provisions of Delaware Law

Our Charter, Bylaws and the DGCL contain provisions, which are summarized in the following paragraphs, which are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our Board and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of the Company. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, reduce our vulnerability to a hostile change of control or other unsolicited acquisition proposal, and enhance the ability of our Board to maximize stockholder value. However, these provisions may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a merger or acquisition of the Company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or other takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including attempts that might result in a premium over the prevailing market price for the shares of Class A common stock.

Action by Written Consent

Our Charter provides that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of such stockholders, and may not be taken by written consent.

Authorized but Unissued Capital Stock

Delaware law does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. However, the listing requirements of the NYSE, which would apply if and so long as Class A common stock remains listed on NYSE, require stockholder approval of certain issuances of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock) equal to or exceeding 20% of the then outstanding voting power or then outstanding number of shares of common stock. As a result, we may issue additional shares in the future for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital or to facilitate acquisitions, without approval of our stockholders.

In addition, our Board is generally authorized to issue shares additional series of preferred stock having such terms, powers, rights and preferences as our Board determines in its discretion, including terms that may be designed to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of System1 or the removal of System1 management.

One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved common stock may be to enable our Board to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which issuance could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of System1 by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise and thereby protect the continuity of management and possibly deprive stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of Class A common stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.

Business Combinations

We have elected not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL. Section 203 is a default provision of the DGCL that restricts certain “business combinations” with “interested stockholders” for three years following the date that a person becomes an “interested stockholder,” with certain permitted exceptions.

Election and Removal of Directors and Vacancies

Our Charter provides that our Board will determine the number of directors who will serve on our Board, subject to the rights set forth in any stockholders agreement then in effect. Our Board is divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III. Class I directors initially served for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders following January 27, 2022. Class II and Class III directors initially served for a term expiring at the second and third annual meeting of stockholders following January 27, 2022, respectively. At each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, directors will be elected to the class whose term is expiring at such annual meeting for a full term of three years.

In addition, our Charter provides that any vacancy on our Board, including a vacancy that results from an increase in the number of directors or a vacancy that results from the removal of a director with or without cause, may be filled only by a majority of the directors then in office, subject to the provisions of any stockholders agreement then in effect and any rights of the holders of Preferred Stock.

No Cumulative Voting

Under Delaware law, there is no right to vote cumulatively (which allows stockholders to cast all of the votes such stockholder is entitled to for a single nominee for a board of directors rather than only being able to vote the number of shares such stockholder holds for or against each nominee) unless expressly authorized in the certificate of incorporation. Our Charter does not authorize cumulative voting.

Special Stockholder Meetings

Our Charter provides that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by or at the direction of our Board, the Chairman of our Board or by the Secretary of the Company at the request of any holder of greater-than fifty (50%) of the total voting power of the outstanding shares. These provisions may have the effect of deterring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control or management of the Company.

Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Meetings, Nominations and Proposals

Our Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of our Board or a committee of our Board or pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement. For any matter to be “properly brought” before a meeting, a stockholder will have to comply with advance notice requirements and provide us with certain information. Generally, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received at our principal executive offices not less than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty days before or sixty days after the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not more than the hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on (i) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or, (ii) if later, the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was first made by us. Our Bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice.

Our Bylaws allow the chairman of a stockholder meeting to adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings which may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the rules and regulations are not followed. These provisions may also deter, delay or discourage a potential acquirer or investor from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to influence or obtain control of System1.

Voting Requirements

Our Charter provides that the Board is expressly authorized to make, alter, amend, change, add to, rescind or repeal, in whole or in part, our Bylaws without a stockholder vote in any manner not inconsistent with the laws of the State of Delaware or our Charter. The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock, voting together as a single class, is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, unless the certificate of incorporation requires a greater percentage.

Exclusive Forum

Our Charter provides that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder of the Company to the Company or our stockholders, or any claim for aiding and abetting any such alleged breach, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder of the Company (a) arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Charter (as it may be amended or restated) or the Bylaws or (b) as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Delaware Court of Chancery or (iv) any action asserting a claim against System1 or any current or former director, officer, other employee, agent or stockholder of System1 governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware will (to the fullest extent permitted by law) be solely and exclusively brought in the Delaware Court of Chancery (subject to certain limited exceptions, including if there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination, or if jurisdiction is vested exclusively in a court or forum other than the Delaware Court of Chancery).

Our Charter also provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any action arising under federal securities laws, including the Securities Act. In addition, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum. While Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in our Charter. This choice-of-forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with System1 or its directors, officers, stockholders, agents or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits.

We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. Further, investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. It is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find this provision of our Charter inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of our management and board of directors. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

The DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions. Our Charter will include a provision that eliminates, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director. The effect of this provision is to eliminate the rights of System1 and its stockholders, through stockholders’ derivative suits on our behalf, to recover monetary damages from a director for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, including breaches resulting from grossly negligent behavior. However, exculpation does not apply to any director if the director has acted in bad faith, knowingly or intentionally violated the law, authorized illegal dividends or redemptions or derived an improper benefit from his or her actions as a director.

Our Bylaws provide that we must indemnify and advance expenses to directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. We are also expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing indemnification for directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities. We believe that these indemnification and advancement provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and executive officers.

The limitation of liability, indemnification and advancement provisions in our Organizational Documents may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit System1 and our stockholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. We believe that these provisions, liability insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced directors and officers.

Listing

Our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “SST.”

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters or dealers, through agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:

•at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

•at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

•at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

•at negotiated prices.

Each time that we sell securities covered by this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms and conditions of the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us, if applicable.

Offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.

If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.

If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of sale and the name of any underwriter will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal, and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.

Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse those persons for certain expenses.

Any shares of Class A common stock will be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but any other securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for

or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.

LEGAL MATTERS

Latham & Watkins LLP will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby on behalf of System1, Inc. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of System1, Inc. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 by reference to System1, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following is an estimate of the expenses (all of which are to be paid by the registrant) that we may incur in connection with the securities being registered hereby.


SEC registration fee	$	38,275.00
FINRA filing fee	*
Printing expenses	*
Legal fees and expenses	*
Accounting fees and expenses	*
Blue Sky, qualification fees and expenses	*
Transfer agent fees and expenses	*
Miscellaneous	*
Total	*

* These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL, empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or who is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and,

with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful.

Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 145 further provides that to the extent a director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith; that indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled; and the indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of such person’s heirs, executors and administrators. Section 145 also empowers the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liabilities under Section 145.

Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides that a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Any underwriting agreement or distribution agreement that the registrant enters into with any underwriters or agents involved in the offering or sale of any securities registered hereby may require such underwriters or dealers to indemnify the registrant, some or all of its directors and officers and its controlling persons, if any, for specified liabilities, which may include liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Our Charter provides that we will have the power to provide rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses to our current and former officers, directors, employees and agents and to any person who is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.

Our Bylaws further provide that we will indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it presently exists or may be amended, any director or officer of the Company who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, or a Proceeding, by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Company or, while serving as a director or officer of

the Company, is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding. With exceptions, we will be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized in the specific case by the Board.

Our Bylaws provide that we will have the power to indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any employee or agent of Company who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.

Item 16. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed or Furnished Herewith

1.1*

Form of Underwriting Agreement

3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of System1, Inc.

8-K

001-39331

3.1

February 2, 2022

3.2

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of System1, Inc.

8-K

001-39331

3.1

June 14, 2024

3.3

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of System1, Inc.

8-K

001-39331

3.1

June 11, 2025

3.4

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of System1, Inc.

8-K

001-39331

3.1

March 1, 2023

5.1

Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP

23.1

Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)

23.2

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm

23.3

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm

24.1

Powers of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page hereto)

107

Filing Fee Table

To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of the securities.

Item 17. Undertakings

(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the

foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement ; and

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii), and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communications that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(h) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Los Angeles, on June 27, 2025.



			System1 Inc.

			By:			/s/ Michael Blend
						Michael Blend
						Chief Executive Officer and Director
						(Principal Executive Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each of the undersigned officers and directors of the registrant hereby severally constitutes and appoints Michael Blend and Tridivesh Kidambi, and each of them singly (with full power to each of them to act alone), as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in each of them, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to file and sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to this registration statement and any other registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective under Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney shall be governed by and construed with the laws of the State of Delaware and applicable federal securities laws.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Michael Blend

Chief Executive Officer, Director

June 27, 2025

Michael Blend

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Tridivesh Kidambi

Chief Financial Officer

June 27, 2025

Tridivesh Kidambi

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ John Civantos

Director

June 27, 2025

John Civantos

/s/ Caroline Horn

Director

June 27, 2025

Caroline Horn

/s/ Moujan Kazerani

Director

June 27, 2025

Moujan Kazerani

/s/ Tanmay Kumar

Director

June 27, 2025

Tanmay Kumar

/s/ Frank R. Martire, Jr.

Director

June 27, 2025

Frank R. Martire, Jr.

/s/ Taryn Naidu

Director

June 27, 2025

Taryn Naidu

/s/ Charles Ursini

Director

June 27, 2025

Charles Ursini

/s/ Ryan Caswell

Director

June 27, 2025

Ryan Caswell

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Date	Price Target	Rating	Analyst
11/8/2022	$12.00 → $4.00	Buy → Underperform	BofA Securities
7/11/2022	$12.00	Buy	BofA Securities
4/26/2022	$14.00	In-line	Evercore ISI

SEC Form S-3 filed by System1 Inc.

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